1
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Chen Y, Hou Y, Li S, Qin W, Zhang J. The N6-methyladenosine methylation landscape stratifies breast cancer into two subtypes with distinct immunological characteristics. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13875. [PMID: 38797522 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification affects the tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer (BC). This study investigated the association between m6A regulator-mediated methylation modification patterns and characterization of the tumour microenvironment in BC, as well as their prognostic importance. Public gene expression data and clinical annotations were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the Gene Expression Omnibus website and the METABRIC program. We analysed the genetic expression, gene-gene interactions, gene mutations and copy number variations using R software. The data were screened for risk genes using the Cox risk regression model, and we developed an algorithm for risk score and its predictive value. Compared to adjacent normal tissue, we identified 16 differentially expressed m6A regulators in BC, including six writers and 10 readers. Under unsupervised clustering, two distinguished modification patterns were identified, cluster C1 and C2. Compared to m6A cluster C2, cluster C1 was found to be more involved in immune-related pathways, with a relatively higher immune score and stromal score (P < 0.05). Patients were divided into two groups based on their risk scores for survival analysis. The patients in the high-risk score group had significantly worse overall survival than patients in the low-risk score group, (P < 0.0001). The TCGA database validation revealed the same prognostic tendency. In summary, our study showed distinct m6A regulator modification patterns contribute to the immunological heterogeneity and diversity of BC. The development of m6A gene signatures and the m6A score aid in the prognostic prediction of patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijiang Hou
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuguang Li
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxing Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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2
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D'Antoni S, Spatuzza M, Bonaccorso CM, Catania MV. Role of fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 in the pathophysiology of brain disorders: a glia perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105731. [PMID: 38763180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMRP) is a widely expressed RNA binding protein involved in several steps of mRNA metabolism. Mutations in the FMR1 gene encoding FMRP are responsible for fragile X syndrome (FXS), a leading genetic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, and fragile X-associated tremor-ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), a neurodegenerative disorder in aging men. Although FMRP is mainly expressed in neurons, it is also present in glial cells and its deficiency or altered expression can affect functions of glial cells with implications for the pathophysiology of brain disorders. The present review focuses on recent advances on the role of glial subtypes, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia, in the pathophysiology of FXS and FXTAS, and describes how the absence or reduced expression of FMRP in these cells can impact on glial and neuronal functions. We will also briefly address the role of FMRP in radial glial cells and its effects on neural development, and gliomas and will speculate on the role of glial FMRP in other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D'Antoni
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy
| | - M Spatuzza
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy
| | - C M Bonaccorso
- Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, via Conte Ruggero 73, Troina 94018, Italy
| | - M V Catania
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami 18, Catania 95126, Italy.
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3
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王 南, 石 斌, 马 小, 吴 伟, 曹 佳. [High expression of fragile X mental retardation protein inhibits ferroptosis of colorectal tumor cells by activating the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:885-893. [PMID: 38862446 PMCID: PMC11166710 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.05.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism by which fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) regulates ferroptosis evasion in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. METHODS We examined FMRP expression levels in CRC cell lines using RT-qPCR and Western blotting and analyzed the biological functions and signaling pathways involved in FMRP-mediated regulation of CRC progression using the TCGA database. A lentiviral FMRP overexpression vector (Lv-FMRP) and 3 knockdown vectors (siFMRP-1, siFMRP-2, and siFMRP-3) were constructed, and their effects on proliferation of HCT116 cells were examined using CCK8 assay and plate clone formation assay; the changes in cell ferroptosis level was determined using MDA/ROS/GSH/Fe2+ kits, mitochondrial membrane potential changes were detected using JC-1 fluorescence staining, and the expressions of proteins associated with ferroptosis and the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway were detected using Western blotting. The subcutaneous tumorigenic potential of the transfected cells was evaluated in nude mice. RESULTS Compared with normal colonic mucosal epithelial NCM460 cells, the CRC cell lines had significantly higher FMRP expression level. Bioinformatics analysis suggested the involvement of FMRP in regulation of reactive oxygen, oxidative stress-induced cell death, mitochondrial respiration, and glutathione metabolism pathways. In the cell experiments, FMRP knockdown significantly inhibited proliferation of HCT116 cells, lowered cellular GSH content, increased MDA and ROS levels, Fe2+ fluorescence intensity, and mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased SLC7A11/GPX4 protein expressions and the phosphorylation levels of ERK, MEK, MAPK, and RAS proteins; FMRP overexpression resulted in the opposite changes in the cells. In the tumor-bearing nude mice, HCT116 cells with FMRP knockdown showed attenuated tumorigenic potential with lowered xenograft growth rate and reduced SLC7A11 expression in the xenograft. CONCLUSION The high expression of FMRP inhibits ferroptosis in CRC cells and promotes progression of CRC by activating the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - 佳 曹
- 曹 佳,博士,副研究员,硕士生导师,E-mail:
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4
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Taha MS, Ahmadian MR. Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein Protein and Its Multifunctionality: From Cytosol to Nucleolus and Back. Biomolecules 2024; 14:399. [PMID: 38672417 PMCID: PMC11047961 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Silencing of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene and a consequent lack of FMR protein (FMRP) synthesis are associated with fragile X syndrome, one of the most common inherited intellectual disabilities. FMRP is a multifunctional protein that is involved in many cellular functions in almost all subcellular compartments under both normal and cellular stress conditions in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. This is achieved through its trafficking signals, nuclear localization signal (NLS), nuclear export signal (NES), and nucleolar localization signal (NoLS), as well as its RNA and protein binding domains, and it is modulated by various post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and methylation. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the interaction networks of FMRP with a special focus on FMRP stress-related functions, including stress granule formation, mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum plasticity, ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle control, and DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Taha
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Institute of Medical Research and Clinical Studies, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
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5
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Gazzellone A, Sangiorgi E. From Churchill to Elephants: The Role of Protective Genes against Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:118. [PMID: 38255007 PMCID: PMC10815068 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Richard Peto's paradox, first described in 1975 from an epidemiological perspective, established an inverse correlation between the probability of developing cancer in multicellular organisms and the number of cells. Larger animals exhibit fewer tumors compared to smaller ones, though exceptions exist. Mice are more susceptible to cancer than humans, while elephants and whales demonstrate significantly lower cancer prevalence rates than humans. How nature and evolution have addressed the issue of cancer in the animal kingdom remains largely unexplored. In the field of medicine, much attention has been devoted to cancer-predisposing genes, as they offer avenues for intervention, including blocking, downregulating, early diagnosis, and targeted treatment. Predisposing genes also tend to manifest clinically earlier and more aggressively, making them easier to identify. However, despite significant strides in modern medicine, the role of protective genes lags behind. Identifying genes with a mild predisposing effect poses a significant challenge. Consequently, comprehending the protective function conferred by genes becomes even more elusive, and their very existence is subject to questioning. While the role of variable expressivity and penetrance defects of the same variant in a family is well-documented for many hereditary cancer syndromes, attempts to delineate the function of protective/modifier alleles have been restricted to a few instances. In this review, we endeavor to elucidate the role of protective genes observed in the animal kingdom, within certain genetic syndromes that appear to act as cancer-resistant/repressor alleles. Additionally, we explore the role of protective alleles in conditions predisposing to cancer. The ultimate goal is to discern why individuals, like Winston Churchill, managed to live up to 91 years of age, despite engaging in minimal physical activity, consuming large quantities of alcohol daily, and not abstaining from smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenio Sangiorgi
- Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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6
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Erdem M, Cicek M, Erson-Bensan AE. Versatile RNA: overlooked gems of the transcriptome. FEBS J 2023; 290:4843-4851. [PMID: 36719259 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of RNA, its use and targetability concerning different aspects of human health are gaining more attention because our understanding of the versatility of RNA has dramatically evolved over the last decades. We now appreciate that RNA is far more critical than a messenger molecule and possesses many complicated functions. As a multifunctional molecule with its sequence, flexible structures and enzymatic abilities, RNA is genuinely powerful. Mammalian transcriptomes consist of a dynamically regulated plethora of coding and noncoding RNA types. However, some aspects of RNA metabolism remain to be explored. In this Viewpoint, we focus on the transcriptome's unconventional and possibly overlooked aspects to emphasize the importance of RNA in mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Erdem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cicek
- Department of Biology, Kamil Ozdag Faculty of Science, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
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7
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Caredda E, Pedini G, D'Amico F, Scioli MG, Pacini L, Orsaria P, Vanni G, Buonomo OC, Orlandi A, Bagni C, Palombi L. FMRP expression in primary breast tumor cells correlates with recurrence and specific site of metastasis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287062. [PMID: 37379311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Molecular and clinical evidence indicated that Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMRP) plays a role in different types of cancer, including breast cancer. FMRP is an RNA binding protein that regulates the metabolism of a large group of mRNAs coding for proteins involved in both neural processes and in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a pivotal mechanism that in cancer is associated to tumor progression, aggressiveness and chemoresistance. Here, we carried out a retrospective case-control study of 127 patients, to study the expression of FMRP and its correlation with metastasis formation in breast cancer. Consistent with previous findings, we found that FMRP levels are high in tumor tissue. Two categories have been analyzed, tumor with no metastases (referred as control tumors, 84 patients) and tumor with distant metastatic repetition, (referred as cases, 43 patients), with a follow-up of 7 years (mean). We found that FMRP levels were lower in both the nuclei and the cytoplasm in the cases compared to control tumors. Next, within the category cases (tumor with metastases) we evaluated FMRP expression in the specific sites of metastasis revealing a nuclear staining of FMRP. In addition, FMRP expression in both the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartment was significantly lower in patients who developed brain and bone metastases and higher in hepatic and pulmonary sites. While further studies are required to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of FMRP expression and direct or inverse correlation with the secondary metastatic site, our findings suggest that FMRP levels might be considered a prognostic factor for site-specific metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Caredda
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Directorate-General for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - G Pedini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - F D'Amico
- Anatomic Pathology, Department Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - M G Scioli
- Anatomic Pathology, Department Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - L Pacini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - P Orsaria
- Department of Breast Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - G Vanni
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - O C Buonomo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology, Department Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - C Bagni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences (DNF), Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Palombi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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8
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Eraso P, Mazón MJ, Jiménez V, Pizarro-García P, Cuevas EP, Majuelos-Melguizo J, Morillo-Bernal J, Cano A, Portillo F. New Functions of Intracellular LOXL2: Modulation of RNA-Binding Proteins. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114433. [PMID: 37298909 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) was initially described as an extracellular enzyme involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. Nevertheless, numerous recent reports have implicated intracellular LOXL2 in a wide variety of processes that impact on gene transcription, development, differentiation, proliferation, migration, cell adhesion, and angiogenesis, suggesting multiple different functions for this protein. In addition, increasing knowledge about LOXL2 points to a role in several types of human cancer. Moreover, LOXL2 is able to induce the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process-the first step in the metastatic cascade. To uncover the underlying mechanisms of the great variety of functions of intracellular LOXL2, we carried out an analysis of LOXL2's nuclear interactome. This study reveals the interaction of LOXL2 with numerous RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) involved in several aspects of RNA metabolism. Gene expression profile analysis of cells silenced for LOXL2, combined with in silico identification of RBPs' targets, points to six RBPs as candidates to be substrates of LOXL2's action, and that deserve a more mechanistic analysis in the future. The results presented here allow us to hypothesize novel LOXL2 functions that might help to comprehend its multifaceted role in the tumorigenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Eraso
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Mazón
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Pizarro-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva P Cuevas
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jara Majuelos-Melguizo
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Morillo-Bernal
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Cano
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Portillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Maksimov MO, Wu C, Ashbrook DG, Villani F, Colonna V, Mousavi N, Ma N, Lu L, Pritchard JK, Goren A, Williams RW, Palmer AA, Gymrek M. A novel quantitative trait locus implicates Msh3 in the propensity for genome-wide short tandem repeat expansions in mice. Genome Res 2023; 33:689-702. [PMID: 37127331 PMCID: PMC10317118 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277576.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Short tandem repeats (STRs) are a class of rapidly mutating genetic elements typically characterized by repeated units of 1-6 bp. We leveraged whole-genome sequencing data for 152 recombinant inbred (RI) strains from the BXD family of mice to map loci that modulate genome-wide patterns of new mutations arising during parent-to-offspring transmission at STRs. We defined quantitative phenotypes describing the numbers and types of germline STR mutations in each strain and performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses for each of these phenotypes. We identified a locus on Chromosome 13 at which strains inheriting the C57BL/6J (B) haplotype have a higher rate of STR expansions than those inheriting the DBA/2J (D) haplotype. The strongest candidate gene in this locus is Msh3, a known modifier of STR stability in cancer and at pathogenic repeat expansions in mice and humans, as well as a current drug target against Huntington's disease. The D haplotype at this locus harbors a cluster of variants near the 5' end of Msh3, including multiple missense variants near the DNA mismatch recognition domain. In contrast, the B haplotype contains a unique retrotransposon insertion. The rate of expansion covaries positively with Msh3 expression-with higher expression from the B haplotype. Finally, detailed analysis of mutation patterns showed that strains carrying the B allele have higher expansion rates, but slightly lower overall total mutation rates, compared with those with the D allele, particularly at tetranucleotide repeats. Our results suggest an important role for inherited variants in Msh3 in modulating genome-wide patterns of germline mutations at STRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O Maksimov
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Cynthia Wu
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - David G Ashbrook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Flavia Villani
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Vincenza Colonna
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples 80111, Italy
| | - Nima Mousavi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Nichole Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Jonathan K Pritchard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Alon Goren
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Melissa Gymrek
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics
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10
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Hanahan D, Monje M. Cancer hallmarks intersect with neuroscience in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:573-580. [PMID: 36917953 PMCID: PMC10202656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the multistep process of tumorigenesis can be distilled into a logical framework involving the acquisition of functional capabilities, the so-called hallmarks of cancer, which are collectively envisaged to be necessary for malignancy. These capabilities, embodied both in transformed cancer cells as well as in the heterotypic accessory cells that together constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME), are conveyed by certain abnormal characteristics of the cancerous phenotype. This perspective discusses the link between the nervous system and the induction of hallmark capabilities, revealing neurons and neuronal projections (axons) as hallmark-inducing constituents of the TME. We also discuss the autocrine and paracrine neuronal regulatory circuits aberrantly activated in cancer cells that may constitute a distinctive "enabling" characteristic contributing to the manifestation of hallmark functions and consequent cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Hanahan
- Lausanne Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center, Leman (SCCL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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11
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Zeng Q, Saghafinia S, Chryplewicz A, Fournier N, Christe L, Xie YQ, Guillot J, Yucel S, Li P, Galván JA, Karamitopoulou E, Zlobec I, Ataca D, Gallean F, Zhang P, Rodriguez-Calero JA, Rubin M, Tichet M, Homicsko K, Hanahan D. Aberrant hyperexpression of the RNA binding protein FMRP in tumors mediates immune evasion. Science 2022; 378:eabl7207. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abl7207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many human cancers manifest the capability to circumvent attack by the adaptive immune system. In this work, we identified a component of immune evasion that involves frequent up-regulation of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in solid tumors. FMRP represses immune attack, as revealed by cancer cells engineered to lack its expression. FMRP-deficient tumors were infiltrated by activated T cells that impaired tumor growth and enhanced survival in mice. Mechanistically, FMRP’s immunosuppression was multifactorial, involving repression of the chemoattractant C-C motif chemokine ligand 7 (CCL7) concomitant with up-regulation of three immunomodulators—interleukin-33 (IL-33), tumor-secreted protein S (PROS1), and extracellular vesicles. Gene signatures associate FMRP’s cancer network with poor prognosis and response to therapy in cancer patients. Collectively, FMRP is implicated as a regulator that orchestrates a multifaceted barrier to antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqun Zeng
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Opna Bio SA, Biopole, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sadegh Saghafinia
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Opna Bio SA, Biopole, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Chryplewicz
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Fournier
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucine Christe
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Qing Xie
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Guillot
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simge Yucel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pumin Li
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José A. Galván
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dalya Ataca
- Opna Bio SA, Biopole, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Peng Zhang
- Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | | | - Mark Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Tichet
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Krisztian Homicsko
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Douglas Hanahan
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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FMR1 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer cell by stabilizing EGFR mRNA in an m 6A-dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:941. [PMID: 36347844 PMCID: PMC9643526 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
FMR1, a new m6A reader, is known to be involved in the regulation of cancer progression. However, its role, regulatory mechanism, and clinical significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) are elusive. Here, we showed that FMR1 was upregulated in CRC, and it promoted proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, FMR1 recognized the m6A-modification site in EGFR mRNA, a key molecule in cancer occurrence and targeted therapy, sustained its stability and maintained its expression in an m6A-dependent manner, thereby promoting the tumorigenesis and metastasis of CRC. And the effect of FMR1 knockdown in CRC cells could be abolished by METTL3. Furthermore, FMR1 shRNA plasmid carried by attenuated Salmonella has an effective anti-tumor effect in vivo. Collectively, we identified the METTL3/FMR1/EGFR axis in the progression of CRC. This novel mechanism indicated that the METTL3/FMR1/EGFR axis is a potential target for early therapeutic intervention in CRC progression.
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Unveiling the m6A Methylation Regulator Links between Prostate Cancer and Periodontitis by Transcriptomic Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4030046. [PMID: 36133437 PMCID: PMC9484949 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To identify the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation regulator genes linking prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and periodontitis (PD). Materials and Methods PD and TCGA-PRAD GEO datasets were downloaded and analyzed through differential expression analysis to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) deregulated in both conditions. Twenty-three m6A RNA methylation-related genes were downloaded in total. The m6A-related genes that overlapped between PRAD and PD were identified as crosstalk genes. Survival analysis was performed on these genes to determine their prognostic values in the overall survival outcomes of prostate cancer. The KEGG pathways were the most significantly enriched by m6A-related crosstalk genes. We also performed lasso regression analysis and univariate survival analysis to identify the most important m6A-related crosstalk genes, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built from these genes. Results Twenty-three m6A methylation-related regulator genes were differentially expressed and deregulated in PRAD and PD. Among these, seven (i.e., ALKBH5, FMR1, IGFBP3, RBM15B, YTHDF1, YTHDF2, and ZC3H13) were identified as m6A-related cross-talk genes. Survival analysis showed that only the FMR1 gene was a prognostic indicator for PRAD. All other genes had no significant influence on the overall survival of patients with PRAD. Lasso regression analysis and univariate survival analysis identified four m6A-related cross-talk genes (i.e., ALKBH5, IGFBP3, RBM15B, and FMR1) that influenced risk levels. A PPI network was constructed from these genes, and 183 genes from this network were significantly enriched in pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, p53 signaling pathway, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Conclusion Seven m6A methylation-related genes (ALKBH5, FMR1, IGFBP3, RBM15B, YTHDF1, YTHDF2, and ZC3H13) were identified as cross-talk genes between prostate cancer and PD.
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14
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Case Reports of Aortic Aneurism in Fragile X Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091560. [PMID: 36140728 PMCID: PMC9498845 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited genetic condition that is the leading known cause of inherited intellectual developmental disability. Phenotypically, individuals with FXS also present with distinct physical features including, elongated face, prominent ears, pectus excavatum, macroorchidism, and joint laxity, which suggests connective tissue dysplasia. In addition to mitral valve prolapse, aortic dilatation has been identified within individuals with FXS. Abnormal elastin fiber networks have been found in the skin, valves, and aorta in individual cases. Aortic dilatation has been described in other connective tissue disorders, particularly Marfan syndrome. However, while aortic aneurysms are characteristic of Marfan syndrome, no similar cases have been reported in FXS patients to date. This case report details the presentation of two patients with FXS and aortic aneurysm. Our two cases highlight the risks of aortic pathology in FXS, and the need for monitoring in asymptomatic patients with significant aortic dilatation.
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15
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FMRP modulates the Wnt signalling pathway in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:719. [PMID: 35982038 PMCID: PMC9388540 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Converging evidence indicates that the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein (FMRP), which absent or mutated in Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), plays a role in many types of cancers. However, while FMRP roles in brain development and function have been extensively studied, its involvement in the biology of brain tumors remains largely unexplored. Here we show, in human glioblastoma (GBM) biopsies, that increased expression of FMRP directly correlates with a worse patient outcome. In contrast, reductions in FMRP correlate with a diminished tumor growth and proliferation of human GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) in vitro in a cell culture model and in vivo in mouse brain GSC xenografts. Consistently, increased FMRP levels promote GSC proliferation. To characterize the mechanism(s) by which FMRP regulates GSC proliferation, we performed GSC transcriptome analyses in GSCs expressing high levels of FMRP, and in these GSCs after knockdown of FMRP. We show that the WNT signalling is the most significantly enriched among the published FMRP target genes and genes involved in ASD. Consistently, we find that reductions in FMRP downregulate both the canonical WNT/β-Catenin and the non-canonical WNT-ERK1/2 signalling pathways, reducing the stability of several key transcription factors (i.e. β-Catenin, CREB and ETS1) previously implicated in the modulation of malignant features of glioma cells. Our findings support a key role for FMRP in GBM cancer progression, acting via regulation of WNT signalling.
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16
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Huang Y, Zheng Y, Yao L, Qiao F, Hou Y, Hu X, Li D, Shao Z. RNA binding protein POP7 regulates ILF3 mRNA stability and expression to promote breast cancer progression. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3801-3813. [PMID: 35579257 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA Binding Proteins(RBPs)play pivotal roles in breast cancer (BC) development. As a RBP, Processing of precursor 7 (POP7) is one of the subunits of RNase P and RNase MRP, however, its exact function and mechanism in BC remain unknown. Here, we showed that expression of POP7 was frequently increased in breast cancer cells and in primary breast tumors. Up-regulated POP7 significantly promoted BC cell proliferation in vitro and primary tumor growth in vivo. POP7 also increased cell migration, invasion in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. Through RNA-immunoprecipitation coupled with sequencing (RIP-seq), we found that POP7 bound preferentially to intron regions and POP7-binding peak associated genes were mainly enriched in cancer-related pathways. Further, POP7 regulated Interleukin Enhancer Binding Factor 3 (ILF3) expression through influencing its mRNA stability. Knockdown of ILF3 significantly impaired the increased malignant potential of POP7 over-expressing cells, suggesting that POP7 enhances BC progression through regulating ILF3 expression. Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence for the important role of POP7 and its regulation of ILF3 in promoting breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizi Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Qiao
- Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Hou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Daqiang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Precision Cancer Medicine Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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Shang Q, Du H, Wu X, Guo Q, Zhang F, Gong Z, Jiao T, Guo J, Kong Y. FMRP ligand circZNF609 destabilizes RAC1 mRNA to reduce metastasis in acral melanoma and cutaneous melanoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:170. [PMID: 35534866 PMCID: PMC9087950 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a type of malignant tumor with high aggressiveness and poor prognosis. At present, metastasis of melanoma is still an important cause of death in melanoma patients. However, the potential functions and molecular mechanisms of most circular RNAs (circRNAs) in melanoma metastasis remain unknown. METHODS circRNAs dysregulated in melanoma cell subgroups with different metastatic abilities according to a screening model based on repeated Transwell assays were identified with a circRNA array. The expression and prognostic significance of circZNF609 in skin cutaneous melanoma and acral melanoma cells and tissues were determined by qRT-PCR, nucleoplasmic separation assays and fluorescence in situ hybridization. In vitro wound healing, Transwell and 3D invasion assays were used to analyse melanoma cell metastasis ability. Tail vein injection and intrasplenic injection were used to study in vivo lung metastasis and liver metastasis, respectively. The mechanism of circZNF609 was further evaluated via RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull-down, silver staining, and immunofluorescence colocalization assays. RESULTS circZNF609 was stably expressed at low levels in melanoma tissues and cells and was negatively correlated with Breslow depth, clinical stage and prognosis of melanoma patients. circZNF609 inhibited metastasis of acral and cutaneous melanoma in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, circZNF609 promoted the binding of FMRP protein and RAC1 mRNA, thereby enhancing the inhibitory effect of FMRP protein on the stability of RAC1 mRNA and ultimately inhibiting melanoma metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that circZNF609 plays a vital role in the metastasis of acral and cutaneous melanoma through the circRNF609-FMRP-RAC1 axis and indicated that circZNF609 regulates the stability of RAC1 mRNA by combining with FMRP, which might provide insight into melanoma pathogenesis and a new potential target for treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry Education), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Haizhen Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry Education), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry Education), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry Education), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry Education), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry Education), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry Education), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry Education), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry Education), Department of Melanoma and Sarcoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Beijing, China.
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Men Y, Zhai Y, Wu L, Liu L, Zhang W, Jiang W, Bi N, Song Y, Hui Z, Wang L. MiR-323a-3p acts as a tumor suppressor by suppressing FMR1 and predicts better esophageal squamous cell carcinoma outcome. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:140. [PMID: 35351128 PMCID: PMC8966287 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has unfavorable outcomes with the highest incidence seen in China. Accordingly, exploring effective molecular biomarkers is of great value. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression and modulate numerous biological processes in tumors. Our study aimed to identify prognostic miRNAs and investigate their role in ESCC. Methods Prognosis-related plasma miRNAs were detected by miRNA microarray and qRT-PCR. Functional assays and molecular mechanism studies were used to investigate the role of miRNA in ESCC. Results Over-expression of miR-323a-3p was associated with a favorable prognosis. MiR-323a-3p negatively regulated proliferation, migration, and invasion. Through biological predictions, the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) was found to be a potential target of miR-323a-3p. Further investigation revealed that miR-323a-3p directly targeted and suppressed FMR1. MiR-323a-3p and FMR1 mRNA, as well as miR-323a-3p and the FMR1-encoded protein FMRP, showed negative correlations. Luciferase activity of FMR1-3′-UTR, but not mutant counterparts, was decreased by mimic compared with that of the control. The compromised cell proliferation, migration, and invasion induced by transfection with miR-323a-3p mimic were rescued by transfection with a FMR1 expression plasmid. Tumors induced by miR-323a-3p overexpressed ESCC cells grew significantly slower in vivo and resulted in smaller tumor masses. Metastatic lung colonization was also inhibited by miR-323a-3p overexpression. Conclusions MiR-323a-3p was significantly associated with survival and acted as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and invasion via the regulation of FMR1. MiR-323a-3p is a promising biomarker and may be a potential therapeutic target. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02541-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Men
- Department of VIP Medical Services & Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yirui Zhai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Genecast Precision Medicine Technology Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lipin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjue Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Bi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhouguang Hui
- Department of VIP Medical Services & Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Luhua Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Guangdong, China.
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Zhao X, Yang J, Zhang J, Wang X, Chen L, Zhang C, Shen Z. Inhibitory Effect of Aptamer-Carbon Dot Nanomaterial-siRNA Complex on the Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Interfering with FMRP. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 174:47-55. [PMID: 35364257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Using small interfering RNA (siRNA) for the specific gene-silencing has been a novel therapeutic method for the treatment of incurable diseases such as malignancies. However, it remains a challenge whether siRNA can be safely and effectively delivered into target cells. Therefore, we synthesized fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) as a gene vector at the siRNA delivery system that induced efficient gene knockdown in vitro while binding aptamer AS1411 to resolve the difficulty in cell targeting. We found that CDs with adequate biocompatibility can improve the efficiency of cellular uptake of siRNA. CLSM and FCM results showed that CDs were mainly localized in the cytoplasm and emitted bright green fluorescence. In addition, the CD/siRNA delivery system mediated by the aptamer AS1411 effectively silenced the expression of Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and successfully inhibited the migration and invasive propensity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In summary, we have synthesized a valuable siRNA delivery vector enabling not only bioimaging but also effective downregulation of gene expression, which is indicative of an efficient potential for gene delivery and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Zhao
- Research Center for Molecular Oncology and Functional Nucleic Acids, School of Laboratory Medicine, and School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; these authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China; Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China; these authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- Research Center for Molecular Oncology and Functional Nucleic Acids, School of Laboratory Medicine, and School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Research Center for Molecular Oncology and Functional Nucleic Acids, School of Laboratory Medicine, and School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Research Center for Molecular Oncology and Functional Nucleic Acids, School of Laboratory Medicine, and School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhifa Shen
- Research Center for Molecular Oncology and Functional Nucleic Acids, School of Laboratory Medicine, and School of Basic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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20
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Yang H, Wang Y, Xiang Y, Yadav T, Ouyang J, Phoon L, Zhu X, Shi Y, Zou L, Lan L. FMRP promotes transcription-coupled homologous recombination via facilitating TET1-mediated m5C RNA modification demethylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116251119. [PMID: 35290126 PMCID: PMC8944906 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116251119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications regulate a variety of cellular processes including DNA repair.The RNA methyltransferase TRDMT1 generates methyl-5-cytosine (m5C) on messen-ger RNA (mRNA) at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in transcribed regions, pro-moting transcription-coupled homologous recombination (HR). Here, we identifiedthat Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) promotes transcription-coupled HRvia its interaction with both the m5C writer TRDMT1 and the m5C eraser ten-eleventranslocation protein 1 (TET1). TRDMT1, FMRP, and TET1 function in a temporalorder at the transcriptionally active sites of DSBs. FMRP displays a higher affinity forDNA:RNA hybrids containing m5C-modified RNA than for hybrids without modifica-tion and facilitates demethylation of m5C by TET1 in vitro. Loss of either the chroma-tin- or RNA-binding domain of FMRP compromises demethylation of damage-inducedm5C in cells. Importantly, FMRP is required for R-loop resolving in cells. Due to unre-solved R-loop and m5C preventing completion of DSB repair, FMRP depletion or lowexpression leads to delayed repair of DSBs at transcriptionally active sites and sensitizescancer cells to radiation in a BRCA-independent manner. Together, ourfindings presentan m5C reader, FMRP, which acts as a coordinator between the m5C writer and eraserto promote mRNA-dependent repair and cell survival in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129
| | - Yumin Wang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129
| | - Yufei Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Tribhuwan Yadav
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Laiyee Phoon
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Li Lan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129
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Morin C, Moyret-Lalle C, Mertani HC, Diaz JJ, Marcel V. Heterogeneity and dynamic of EMT through the plasticity of ribosome and mRNA translation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188718. [PMID: 35304296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence exposes translation and its translational machinery as key players in establishing and maintaining physiological and pathological biological processes. Examining translation may not only provide new biological insight but also identify novel innovative therapeutic targets in several fields of biology, including that of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is currently considered as a dynamic and reversible transdifferentiation process sustaining the transition from an epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype, known to be mainly driven by transcriptional reprogramming. However, it seems that the characterization of EMT plasticity is challenging, relying exclusively on transcriptomic and epigenetic approaches. Indeed, heterogeneity in EMT programs was reported to depend on the biological context. Here, by reviewing the involvement of translational control, translational machinery and ribosome biogenesis characterizing the different types of EMT, from embryonic and adult physiological to pathological contexts, we discuss the added value of integrating translational control and its machinery to depict the heterogeneity and dynamics of EMT programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Morin
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; DevWeCan Labex Laboratory, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Caroline Moyret-Lalle
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; DevWeCan Labex Laboratory, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Hichem C Mertani
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; DevWeCan Labex Laboratory, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Diaz
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; DevWeCan Labex Laboratory, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Virginie Marcel
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; DevWeCan Labex Laboratory, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France.
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22
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Zhou P, Chen X, Shi K, Qu H, Xia J. The characteristics, tumorigenicities and therapeutics of cancer stem cells based on circRNAs. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Rossi F, Paiardini A. A Machine Learning Perspective on DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes. Curr Bioinform 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893617666220224105702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are particular structures found in guanine-rich DNA and RNA sequences that exhibit a wide diversity of three-dimensional conformations and exert key functions in the control of gene expression. G4s are able to interact with numerous small molecules and endogenous proteins, and their dysregulation can lead to a variety of disorders and diseases. Characterization and prediction of G4-forming sequences could elucidate their mechanism of action and could thus represent an important step in the discovery of potential therapeutic drugs. In this perspective, we propose an overview of G4s, discussing the state of the art of methodologies and tools developed to characterize and predict the presence of these structures in genomic sequences. In particular, we report on machine learning (ML) approaches and artificial neural networks (ANNs) that could open new avenues for the accurate analysis of quadruplexes, given their potential to derive informative features by learning from large, high-density datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Rossi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences \'A. Rossi Fanelli\', University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paiardini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences \'A. Rossi Fanelli\', University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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24
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Hait NC, Maiti A, Wu R, Andersen VL, Hsu CC, Wu Y, Chapla DG, Takabe K, Rusiniak ME, Bshara W, Zhang J, Moremen KW, Lau JTY. Extracellular sialyltransferase st6gal1 in breast tumor cell growth and invasiveness. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1662-1675. [PMID: 35676533 PMCID: PMC9663294 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 that adds α2-6 linked sialic acids to N-glycans of cell surface and secreted glycoproteins is prominently associated with many human cancers. Tumor-native ST6GAL1 promotes tumor cell behaviors such as invasion and resistance to cell stress and chemo- and radio-treatments. Canonically, ST6GAL1 resides in the intracellular secretory apparatus and glycosylates nascent glycoproteins in biosynthetic transit. However, ST6GAL1 is also released into the extracellular milieu and extracellularly remodels cell surface and secreted glycans. The impact of this non-canonical extrinsic mechanism of ST6GAL1 on tumor cell pathobiology is not known. We hypothesize that ST6GAL1 action is the combined effect of natively expressed sialyltransferase acting cell-autonomously within the ER-Golgi complex and sialyltransferase from extracellular origins acting extrinsically to remodel cell-surface glycans. We found that shRNA knockdown of intrinsic ST6GAL1 expression resulted in decreased ST6GAL1 cargo in the exosome-like vesicles as well as decreased breast tumor cell growth and invasive behavior in 3D in vitro cultures. Extracellular ST6GAL1, present in cancer exosomes or the freely soluble recombinant sialyltransferase, compensates for insufficient intrinsic ST6GAL1 by boosting cancer cell proliferation and increasing invasiveness. Moreover, we present evidence supporting the existence novel but yet uncharacterized cofactors in the exosome-like particles that potently amplify extrinsic ST6GAL1 action, highlighting a previously unknown mechanism linking this enzyme and cancer pathobiology. Our data indicate that extracellular ST6GAL1 from remote sources can compensate for cellular ST6GAL1-mediated aggressive tumor cell proliferation and invasive behavior and has great clinical potential for extracellular ST6GAL1 as these molecules are in the extracellular space should be easily accessible targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitai C. Hait
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA ,grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Aparna Maiti
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA ,grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Rongrong Wu
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Valerie L. Andersen
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Chang-Chieh Hsu
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Yun Wu
- grid.273335.30000 0004 1936 9887Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Digantkumar G. Chapla
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA ,grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Michael E. Rusiniak
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Wiam Bshara
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA
| | - Kelley W. Moremen
- grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA ,grid.213876.90000 0004 1936 738XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Joseph T. Y. Lau
- grid.240614.50000 0001 2181 8635Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
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25
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Chen X, Zhao Y, Wang D, Lin Y, Hou J, Xu X, Wu J, Zhong L, Zhou Y, Shen J, Zhang W, Cao H, Hong X, Hu T, Zhan YY. The HNF4α-BC200-FMR1-Positive Feedback Loop Promotes Growth and Metastasis in Invasive Mucinous Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5904-5918. [PMID: 34654723 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Invasive mucinous lung adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a subtype of lung adenocarcinoma with a strong invasive ability. IMA frequently carries "undruggable" KRAS mutations, highlighting the need for new molecular targets and therapies. Nuclear receptor HNF4α is abnormally enriched in IMA, but the potential of HNF4α to be a therapeutic target for IMA remains unknown. Here, we report that P2 promoter-driven HNF4α expression promotes IMA growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, HNF4α transactivated lncRNA BC200, which acted as a scaffold for mRNA binding protein FMR1. BC200 promoted the ability of FMR1 to bind and regulate stability of cancer-related mRNAs and HNF4α mRNA, forming a positive feedback circuit. Mycophenolic acid, the active metabolite of FDA-approved drug mycophenolate mofetil, was identified as an HNF4α antagonist exhibiting anti-IMA activities in vitro and in vivo. This study reveals the role of a HNF4α-BC200-FMR1-positive feedback loop in promoting mRNA stability during IMA progression and metastasis, providing a targeted therapeutic strategy for IMA. SIGNIFICANCE: Growth and metastatic progression of invasive mucinous lung adenocarcinoma can be restricted by targeting HNF4α, a critical regulator of a BC200-FMR1-mRNA stability axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Chen
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Daxuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Jihuan Hou
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Jianben Wu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Linhai Zhong
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Yitong Zhou
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Jinying Shen
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Hanwei Cao
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Hong
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Tianhui Hu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhan
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R. China.
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26
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Wang E, Li Y, Ming R, Wei J, Du P, Zhou P, Zong S, Xiao H. The Prognostic Value and Immune Landscapes of a m 6A/m 5C/m 1A-Related LncRNAs Signature in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718974. [PMID: 34917609 PMCID: PMC8670092 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and N1-methyladenosine (m1A) are the main RNA methylation modifications involved in the progression of cancer. However, it is still unclear whether m6A/m5C/m1A-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) affect the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: We summarized 52 m6A/m5C/m1A-related genes, downloaded 44 normal samples and 501 HNSCC tumor samples with RNA-seq data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and then searched for m6A/m5C/m1A-related genes co-expressed lncRNAs. We adopt the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression to obtain m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNAs to construct a prognostic signature of HNSCC. Results: This prognostic signature is based on six m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNAs (AL035587.1, AC009121.3, AF131215.5, FMR1-IT1, AC106820.5, PTOV1-AS2). It was found that the high-risk subgroup has worse overall survival (OS) than the low-risk subgroup. Moreover, the results showed that most immune checkpoint genes were significantly different between the two risk groups (p < 0.05). Immunity microenvironment analysis showed that the contents of NK cell resting, macrophages M2, and neutrophils in samples of low-risk group were significantly lower than those of high-risk group (p < 0.05), while the contents of B cells navie, plasma cells, and T cells regulatory (Tregs) were on the contrary (p < 0.05). In addition, patients with high tumor mutational burden (TMB) had the worse overall survival than those with low tumor mutational burden. Conclusion: Our study elucidated how m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNAs are related to the prognosis, immune microenvironment, and TMB of HNSCC. In the future, these m6A/m5C/m1A-related lncRNAs may become a new choice for immunotherapy of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhao Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijie Ming
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiyu Du
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shimin Zong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjun Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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27
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Hussain SA, Deepak KV, Nanjappa DP, Sherigar V, Nandan N, Suresh PS, Venkatesh T. Comparative expression analysis of tRF-3001a and tRF-1003 with corresponding miRNAs (miR-1260a and miR-4521) and their network analysis with breast cancer biomarkers. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7313-7324. [PMID: 34661810 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs and tRFs (tRNA-derived fragments) are small non-coding RNAs that are promising breast cancer (BC) biomarkers. miRNA sequences are found within tRFs. For example, miR-1260a and miR-4521 sequences are found within tRF-3001a and tRF-1003, respectively. No study has addressed the biomarker potential of these tRF-miRNA pairs in BC or their association with other BC miRNA biomarkers. METHODS AND RESULTS Real-time PCR was performed to examine the expression of miR-1260a-tRF-3001a and miR-4521-tRF-1003 pairs in plasma of BC patients. miR-4521 and miR-1260a showed no change in plasma of breast cancer patients (n = 19). On the contrary, both the corresponding tRFs (tRF-1003 and tRF-3001a) were down-regulated. Also, we performed miRNA/mRNA network analysis for miR-1260a and miR-4521 with top degree BC biomarkers miR-16-5p and miR-93-5p. We found that they shared nine target genes. Moreover, miR-16-5p was down-regulated, and miR-93-5p was up-regulated in the same sample set. Survival analysis plotted using clinical data from Kaplan-Meier Plotter showed that all four miRNAs and 8/9 target gene expressions could predict the survival of BC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our cohort analyses suggest that tRF-3001a and tRF-1003 serve as better biomarkers than their miRNA counterparts in addition to miR-93-5p and miR-16-5p. Also, they form a significant miRNA/mRNA biomarker cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaharbhanu A Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Kunhi Valappil Deepak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Dechamma Pandyanda Nanjappa
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), NITTE (Deemed to be University), Deralakate, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Viswanath Sherigar
- Department of Oncosurgery, A.J. Hospital and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575004, India
| | - Neetha Nandan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Padmanaban S Suresh
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India
| | - Thejaswini Venkatesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India.
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28
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Sechi S, Karimpour-Ghahnavieh A, Frappaolo A, Di Francesco L, Piergentili R, Schininà E, D’Avino PP, Giansanti MG. Identification of GOLPH3 Partners in Drosophila Unveils Potential Novel Roles in Tumorigenesis and Neural Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092336. [PMID: 34571985 PMCID: PMC8468827 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) is a highly conserved peripheral membrane protein localized to the Golgi apparatus and the cytosol. GOLPH3 binding to Golgi membranes depends on phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and regulates Golgi architecture and vesicle trafficking. GOLPH3 overexpression has been correlated with poor prognosis in several cancers, but the molecular mechanisms that link GOLPH3 to malignant transformation are poorly understood. We recently showed that PI(4)P-GOLPH3 couples membrane trafficking with contractile ring assembly during cytokinesis in dividing Drosophila spermatocytes. Here, we use affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry (AP-MS) to identify the protein-protein interaction network (interactome) of Drosophila GOLPH3 in testes. Analysis of the GOLPH3 interactome revealed enrichment for proteins involved in vesicle-mediated trafficking, cell proliferation and cytoskeleton dynamics. In particular, we found that dGOLPH3 interacts with the Drosophila orthologs of Fragile X mental retardation protein and Ataxin-2, suggesting a potential role in the pathophysiology of disorders of the nervous system. Our findings suggest novel molecular targets associated with GOLPH3 that might be relevant for therapeutic intervention in cancers and other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sechi
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (S.S.); (A.K.-G.); (A.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Angela Karimpour-Ghahnavieh
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (S.S.); (A.K.-G.); (A.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Anna Frappaolo
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (S.S.); (A.K.-G.); (A.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Laura Di Francesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.D.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Roberto Piergentili
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (S.S.); (A.K.-G.); (A.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Eugenia Schininà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.D.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Pier Paolo D’Avino
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK;
| | - Maria Grazia Giansanti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (S.S.); (A.K.-G.); (A.F.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-064-991-2555
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29
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Muluhngwi P, Klinge CM. Identification and Roles of miR-29b-1-3p and miR29a-3p-Regulated and Non-Regulated lncRNAs in Endocrine-Sensitive and Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3530. [PMID: 34298743 PMCID: PMC8307416 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in the treatment of endocrine-resistant metastatic disease using combination therapies in patients with estrogen receptor α (ERα) primary tumors, the mechanisms underlying endocrine resistance remain to be elucidated. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNA) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), are targets and regulators of cell signaling pathways and their exosomal transport may contribute to metastasis. Previous studies have shown that a low expression of miR-29a-3p and miR-29b-3p is associated with lower overall breast cancer survival before 150 mos. Transient, modest overexpression of miR-29b1-3p or miR-29a-3p inhibited MCF-7 tamoxifen-sensitive and LCC9 tamoxifen-resistant cell proliferation. Here, we identify miR-29b-1/a-regulated and non-regulated differentially expressed lncRNAs in MCF-7 and LCC9 cells using next-generation RNA seq. More lncRNAs were miR-29b-1/a-regulated in LCC9 cells than in MCF-7 cells, including DANCR, GAS5, DSCAM-AS1, SNHG5, and CRND. We examined the roles of miR-29-regulated and differentially expressed lncRNAs in endocrine-resistant breast cancer, including putative and proven targets and expression patterns in survival analysis using the KM Plotter and TCGA databases. This study provides new insights into lncRNAs in endocrine-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penn Muluhngwi
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Carolyn M. Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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30
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Bell RJ. Menopausal status at diagnosis of breast cancer and risk of metastatic recurrence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:1079-1080. [PMID: 34260476 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Bell
- Women's Health Research Program, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Carotti S, Zingariello M, Francesconi M, D'Andrea L, Latasa MU, Colyn L, Fernandez-Barrena MG, Flammia RS, Falchi M, Righi D, Pedini G, Pantano F, Bagni C, Perrone G, Rana RA, Avila MA, Morini S, Zalfa F. Fragile X mental retardation protein in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: regulating the cancer cell behavior plasticity at the leading edge. Oncogene 2021; 40:4033-4049. [PMID: 34017076 PMCID: PMC8195741 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a rare malignancy of the intrahepatic biliary tract with a very poor prognosis. Although some clinicopathological parameters can be prognostic factors for iCCA, the molecular prognostic markers and potential mechanisms of iCCA have not been well investigated. Here, we report that the Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), a RNA binding protein functionally absent in patients with the Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and also involved in several types of cancers, is overexpressed in human iCCA and its expression is significantly increased in iCCA metastatic tissues. The silencing of FMRP in metastatic iCCA cell lines affects cell migration and invasion, suggesting a role of FMRP in iCCA progression. Moreover, we show evidence that FMRP is localized at the invasive front of human iCCA neoplastic nests and in pseudopodia and invadopodia protrusions of migrating and invading iCCA cancer cells. Here FMRP binds several mRNAs encoding key proteins involved in the formation and/or function of these protrusions. In particular, we find that FMRP binds to and regulates the expression of Cortactin, a critical regulator of invadopodia formation. Altogether, our findings suggest that FMRP could promote cell invasiveness modulating membrane plasticity and invadopodia formation at the leading edges of invading iCCA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Carotti
- Research Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
- Predictive Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Department of Pathology, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Zingariello
- Research Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Francesconi
- Research Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura D'Andrea
- Research Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - M Ujue Latasa
- Hepatology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Colyn
- Hepatology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite G Fernandez-Barrena
- Hepatology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocco Simone Flammia
- Research Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Falchi
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Righi
- Predictive Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Department of Pathology, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pedini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pantano
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Bagni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Perrone
- Predictive Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Department of Pathology, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Research Unit of Pathology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Alba Rana
- Medicine and Aging Science Department, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Matias A Avila
- Hepatology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Morini
- Research Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Zalfa
- Research Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy.
- Predictive Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Department of Pathology, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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Inhibition of the mTOR pathway and reprogramming of protein synthesis by MDM4 reduce ovarian cancer metastatic properties. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:558. [PMID: 34052831 PMCID: PMC8164635 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a highly heterogeneous disease with a high death rate mainly due to the metastatic spread. The expression of MDM4, a well-known p53-inhibitor, is positively associated with chemotherapy response and overall survival (OS) in EOC. However, the basis of this association remains elusive. We show that in vivo MDM4 reduces intraperitoneal dissemination of EOC cells, independently of p53 and an immune-competent background. By 2D and 3D assays, MDM4 impairs the early steps of the metastatic process. A 3D-bioprinting system, ad hoc developed by co-culturing EOC spheroids and endothelial cells, showed reduced dissemination and intravasation into vessel-like structures of MDM4-expressing cells. Consistent with these data, high MDM4 levels protect mice from ovarian cancer-related death and, importantly, correlate with increased 15 y OS probability in large data set analysis of 1656 patients. Proteomic analysis of EOC 3D-spheroids revealed decreased protein synthesis and mTOR signaling, upon MDM4 expression. Accordingly, MDM4 does not further inhibit cell migration when its activity towards mTOR is blocked by genetic or pharmacological approaches. Importantly, high levels of MDM4 reduced the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in constraining cell migration. Overall, these data demonstrate that MDM4 impairs EOC metastatic process by inhibiting mTOR activity and suggest the usefulness of MDM4 assessment for the tailored application of mTOR-targeted therapy.
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Zheng F, Du F, Zhao J, Wang X, Si Y, Jin P, Qian H, Xu B, Yuan P. The emerging role of RNA N6-methyladenosine methylation in breast cancer. Biomark Res 2021; 9:39. [PMID: 34044876 PMCID: PMC8161983 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most prevalent internal mRNA modification and is involved in many biological processes in eukaryotes. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that m6A may play either a promoting or suppressing role in breast cancer, including in tumorigenesis, metastasis and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress on the biological function and prognostic value of m6A modification in breast cancer, as well as potential related therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Feng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), The VIPII Gastrointestinal Cancer Division of Medical Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiuda Zhao
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yiran Si
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Surgery, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China. .,Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Centre/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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34
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Shen Z, Liu B, Wu B, Zhou H, Wang X, Cao J, Jiang M, Zhou Y, Guo F, Xue C, Wu ZS. FMRP regulates STAT3 mRNA localization to cellular protrusions and local translation to promote hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:540. [PMID: 33972660 PMCID: PMC8110961 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-associated mortalities are related to the metastasis of cancer cells. The localization of mRNAs and their products to cell protrusions has been reported to play a crucial role in the metastasis. Our previous findings demonstrated that STAT3 mRNA accumulated in the protrusions of metastatic HCC cells. However, the underlying mechanism and functional significance of this localization of STAT3 mRNA has remained unexplored. Here we show that fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) modulates the localization and translation of STAT3 mRNA, accelerating HCC metastasis. The results of molecular analyses reveal that the 3′UTR of STAT3 mRNA is responsible for the localization of STAT3 mRNA to cell protrusions. FMRP is able to interact with the 3′UTR of STAT3 mRNA and facilitates its localization to protrusions. Importantly, FMRP could promote the IL-6-mediated translation of STAT3, and serine 114 of FMRP is identified as a potential phosphorylation site required for IL-6-mediated STAT3 translation. Furthermore, FMRP is highly expressed in HCC tissues and FMRP knockdown efficiently suppresses HCC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our findings provide further insights into the mechanism of HCC metastasis associated with the regulation of STAT3 mRNA localization and translation. Shen et al. propose a mechanism for the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells through the localization and translation modulation of the STAT3 oncogene by fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). To this end, the authors also find that FMRP knockdown efficiently suppresses HCC metastasis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifa Shen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Bowen Liu
- Research Center for Molecular Oncology and Functional Nucleic Acids, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Biting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- Research Center for Molecular Oncology and Functional Nucleic Acids, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- Research Center for Molecular Oncology and Functional Nucleic Acids, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feixia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chang Xue
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zai-Sheng Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
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35
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Sahni G, Chang S, Meng JTC, Tan JZY, Fatien JJC, Bonnard C, Utami KH, Chan PW, Tan TT, Altunoglu U, Kayserili H, Pouladi M, Reversade B, Toh Y. A Micropatterned Human-Specific Neuroepithelial Tissue for Modeling Gene and Drug-Induced Neurodevelopmental Defects. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2001100. [PMID: 33717833 PMCID: PMC7927627 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The generation of structurally standardized human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural embryonic tissues has the potential to model genetic and environmental mediators of early neurodevelopmental defects. Current neural patterning systems have so far focused on directing cell fate specification spatio-temporally but not morphogenetic processes. Here, the formation of a structurally reproducible and highly-organized neuroepithelium (NE) tissue is directed from hPSCs, which recapitulates morphogenetic cellular processes relevant to early neurulation. These include having a continuous, polarized epithelium and a distinct invagination-like folding, where primitive ectodermal cells undergo E-to-N-cadherin switching and apical constriction as they acquire a NE fate. This is accomplished by spatio-temporal patterning of the mesoendoderm, which guides the development and self-organization of the adjacent primitive ectoderm into the NE. It is uncovered that TGFβ signaling emanating from endodermal cells support tissue folding of the prospective NE. Evaluation of NE tissue structural dysmorphia, which is uniquely achievable in the model, enables the detection of apical constriction and cell adhesion dysfunctions in patient-derived hPSCs as well as differentiating between different classes of neural tube defect-inducing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Sahni
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering ProgramNational University of SingaporeSingapore119077Singapore
| | - Shu‐Yung Chang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthTech)National University of SingaporeSingapore117599Singapore
| | - Jeremy Teo Choon Meng
- Divison of EngineeringNew York UniversityAbu Dhabi129188United Arab Emirates
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNew York UniversityNew YorkNY11201USA
| | - Jerome Zu Yao Tan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering ProgramNational University of SingaporeSingapore119077Singapore
| | - Jean Jacques Clement Fatien
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering ProgramNational University of SingaporeSingapore119077Singapore
| | - Carine Bonnard
- Institute of Medical BiologyHuman Genetics and Embryology LaboratoryA*STARSingapore138648Singapore
| | - Kagistia Hana Utami
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM)Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR)Singapore138648Singapore
| | - Puck Wee Chan
- Istanbul Medical FacultyMedical Genetics DepartmentIstanbul34093Turkey
| | - Thong Teck Tan
- Institute of Medical BiologyHuman Genetics and Embryology LaboratoryA*STARSingapore138648Singapore
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Istanbul Medical FacultyMedical Genetics DepartmentIstanbul34093Turkey
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Istanbul Medical FacultyMedical Genetics DepartmentIstanbul34093Turkey
- Koç University School of MedicineMedical Genetics DepartmentIstanbul34010Turkey
| | - Mahmoud Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM)Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR)Singapore138648Singapore
- Department of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore119228Singapore
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Medical BiologyHuman Genetics and Embryology LaboratoryA*STARSingapore138648Singapore
- Koç University School of MedicineMedical Genetics DepartmentIstanbul34010Turkey
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular BiologyA*STARSingapore138673Singapore
- Amsterdam Reproduction and DevelopmentAcademic Medical Centre and VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam1105the Netherlands
- National University of SingaporeDepartment of PediatricsSingapore119228Singapore
| | - Yi‐Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering ProgramNational University of SingaporeSingapore119077Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthTech)National University of SingaporeSingapore117599Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for HealthNational University of SingaporeSingapore117456Singapore
- School of MechanicalMedical and Process EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland4000Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveQueensland4059Australia
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36
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The Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein Regulates RIPK1 and Colorectal Cancer Resistance to Necroptosis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:639-658. [PMID: 33091622 PMCID: PMC7806864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) affects multiple steps of the mRNA metabolism during brain development and in different neoplastic processes. However, the contribution of FMRP in colon carcinogenesis has not been investigated. METHODS FMR1 mRNA transcript and FMRP protein expression were analyzed in human colon samples derived from patients with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) and healthy subjects. We used a well-established mouse model of sporadic CRC induced by azoxymethane to determine the possible role of FMRP in CRC. To address whether FMRP controls cancer cell survival, we analyzed cell death pathway in CRC human epithelial cell lines and in patient-derived colon cancer organoids in presence or absence of a specific FMR1 antisense oligonucleotide or siRNA. RESULTS We document a significant increase of FMRP in human CRC relative to non-tumor tissues. Next, using an inducible mouse model of CRC, we observed a reduction of colonic tumor incidence and size in the Fmr1 knockout mice. The abrogation of FMRP induced spontaneous cell death in human CRC cell lines activating the necroptotic pathway. Indeed, specific immunoprecipitation experiments on human cell lines and CRC samples indicated that FMRP binds receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) mRNA, suggesting that FMRP acts as a regulator of necroptosis pathway through the surveillance of RIPK1 mRNA metabolism. Treatment of human CRC cell lines and patient-derived colon cancer organoids with the FMR1 antisense resulted in up-regulation of RIPK1. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data support a role for FMRP in controlling RIPK1 expression and necroptotic activation in CRC.
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37
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Wang W, Chen Y, Xu A, Cai M, Cao J, Zhu H, Yang B, Shao X, Ying M, He Q. Protein phase separation: A novel therapy for cancer? Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5008-5030. [PMID: 32851637 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, phase separation has been increasingly reported to play a pivotal role in a wide range of biological processes. Due to the close relationships between cancer and disorders in intracellular physiological function, the identification of new mechanisms involved in intracellular regulation has been regarded as a new direction for cancer therapy. Introducing the concept of phase separation into complex descriptions of disease mechanisms may provide many different insights. Here, we review the recent findings on the phase separation of cancer-related proteins, describing the possible relationships between phase separation and key proteins associated with cancer and indicate possible regulatory modalities, especially drug candidates for phase separation, which may provide more effective strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingqian Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aixiao Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyi Cai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejing Shao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meidan Ying
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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38
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Majumder M, Johnson RH, Palanisamy V. Fragile X-related protein family: a double-edged sword in neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:409-424. [PMID: 32878499 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1810621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fragile X-related (FXR) family proteins FMRP, FXR1, and FXR2 are RNA binding proteins that play a critical role in RNA metabolism, neuronal plasticity, and muscle development. These proteins share significant homology in their protein domains, which are functionally and structurally similar to each other. FXR family members are known to play an essential role in causing fragile X mental retardation syndrome (FXS), the most common genetic form of autism spectrum disorder. Recent advances in our understanding of this family of proteins have occurred in tandem with discoveries of great importance to neurological disorders and cancer biology via the identification of their novel RNA and protein targets. Herein, we review the FXR family of proteins as they pertain to FXS, other mental illnesses, and cancer. We emphasize recent findings and analyses that suggest contrasting functions of this protein family in FXS and tumorigenesis based on their expression patterns in human tissues. Finally, we discuss current gaps in our knowledge regarding the FXR protein family and their role in FXS and cancer and suggest future studies to facilitate bench to bedside translation of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoyee Majumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Roger H Johnson
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Viswanathan Palanisamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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39
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Rzeszutek I, Singh A. Small RNAs, Big Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5699. [PMID: 32784829 PMCID: PMC7460979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The past two decades have seen extensive research done to pinpoint the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) that have led to discovering thousands of miRNAs in humans. It is not, therefore, surprising to see many of them implicated in a number of common as well as rare human diseases. In this review article, we summarize the progress in our understanding of miRNA-related research in conjunction with different types of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as their potential in generating more reliable diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Rzeszutek
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Aditi Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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40
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Agote-Aran A, Schmucker S, Jerabkova K, Jmel Boyer I, Berto A, Pacini L, Ronchi P, Kleiss C, Guerard L, Schwab Y, Moine H, Mandel JL, Jacquemont S, Bagni C, Sumara I. Spatial control of nucleoporin condensation by fragile X-related proteins. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104467. [PMID: 32706158 PMCID: PMC7560220 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoporins (Nups) build highly organized nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) at the nuclear envelope (NE). Several Nups assemble into a sieve‐like hydrogel within the central channel of the NPCs. In the cytoplasm, the soluble Nups exist, but how their assembly is restricted to the NE is currently unknown. Here, we show that fragile X‐related protein 1 (FXR1) can interact with several Nups and facilitate their localization to the NE during interphase through a microtubule‐dependent mechanism. Downregulation of FXR1 or closely related orthologs FXR2 and fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) leads to the accumulation of cytoplasmic Nup condensates. Likewise, models of fragile X syndrome (FXS), characterized by a loss of FMRP, accumulate Nup granules. The Nup granule‐containing cells show defects in protein export, nuclear morphology and cell cycle progression. Our results reveal an unexpected role for the FXR protein family in the spatial regulation of nucleoporin condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa Agote-Aran
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stephane Schmucker
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Katerina Jerabkova
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Inès Jmel Boyer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alessandro Berto
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592-Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Ecole Doctorale SDSV, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Laura Pacini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Ronchi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kleiss
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Guerard
- Imaging Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Schwab
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hervé Moine
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mandel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Bagni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Izabela Sumara
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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41
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Malecki C, Hambly BD, Jeremy RW, Robertson EN. The RNA-binding fragile-X mental retardation protein and its role beyond the brain. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:903-916. [PMID: 32654068 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that variations of a CGG repeat expansion in the gene FMR1, which encodes the fragile-X mental retardation protein (FMRP), cause the neurocognitive disorder, fragile-X syndrome (FXS). However, multiple observations suggest a general and complex regulatory role of FMRP in processes outside the brain: (1) FMRP is ubiquitously expressed in the body, suggesting it functions in multiple organ systems; (2) patients with FXS can exhibit a physical phenotype that is consistent with an underlying abnormality in connective tissue; (3) different CGG repeat expansion lengths in FMR1 result in different clinical outcomes due to different pathogenic mechanisms; (4) the function of FMRP as an RNA-binding protein suggests it has a general regulatory role. This review details the complex nature of FMRP and the different CGG repeat expansion lengths and the evidence supporting the essential role of the protein in a variety of biological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Malecki
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Level 4 West, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Brett D Hambly
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Level 4 West, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Richmond W Jeremy
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Level 4 West, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Cardiology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth N Robertson
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Level 4 West, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Cardiology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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42
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Taha MS, Haghighi F, Stefanski A, Nakhaei-Rad S, Kazemein Jasemi NS, Al Kabbani MA, Görg B, Fujii M, Lang PA, Häussinger D, Piekorz RP, Stühler K, Ahmadian MR. Novel FMRP interaction networks linked to cellular stress. FEBS J 2020; 288:837-860. [PMID: 32525608 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Silencing of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene and consequently lack of synthesis of FMR protein (FMRP) are associated with fragile X syndrome, which is one of the most prevalent inherited intellectual disabilities, with additional roles in increased viral infection, liver disease, and reduced cancer risk. FMRP plays critical roles in chromatin dynamics, RNA binding, mRNA transport, and mRNA translation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms, including the (sub)cellular FMRP protein networks, remain elusive. Here, we employed affinity pull-down and quantitative LC-MS/MS analyses with FMRP. We identified known and novel candidate FMRP-binding proteins as well as protein complexes. FMRP interacted with 180 proteins, 28 of which interacted with its N terminus. Interaction with the C terminus of FMRP was observed for 102 proteins, and 48 proteins interacted with both termini. This FMRP interactome comprises known FMRP-binding proteins, including the ribosomal proteins FXR1P, NUFIP2, Caprin-1, and numerous novel FMRP candidate interacting proteins that localize to different subcellular compartments, including CARF, LARP1, LEO1, NOG2, G3BP1, NONO, NPM1, SKIP, SND1, SQSTM1, and TRIM28. Our data considerably expand the protein and RNA interaction networks of FMRP, which thereby suggest that, in addition to its known functions, FMRP participates in transcription, RNA metabolism, ribonucleoprotein stress granule formation, translation, DNA damage response, chromatin dynamics, cell cycle regulation, ribosome biogenesis, miRNA biogenesis, and mitochondrial organization. Thus, FMRP seems associated with multiple cellular processes both under normal and cell stress conditions in neuronal as well as non-neuronal cell types, as exemplified by its role in the formation of stress granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Taha
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Medical Research Branch, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fereshteh Haghighi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Stefanski
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Neda S Kazemein Jasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohamed Aghyad Al Kabbani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Boris Görg
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Masahiro Fujii
- Division of Virology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Phillip A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohammad R Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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43
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Phannasil P, Roytrakul S, Phaonakrop N, Kupradinun P, Budda S, Butryee C, Akekawatchai C, Tuntipopipat S. Protein expression profiles that underpin the preventive and therapeutic potential of Moringa oleifera Lam against azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate-induced mouse colon carcinogenesis. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1792-1802. [PMID: 32724422 PMCID: PMC7377166 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in a mouse model have indicated the anticancer potential of boiled Moringa oleifera pod (bMO)-supplemented diets; however, its molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the protein expression profiles responsible for the suppressive effect of bMO supplementation on azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse colon carcinogenesis. Analysis by gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry demonstrated that there were 125 proteins that were differentially expressed in mouse colon tissues between 14 experimental groups of mice. The differentially expressed proteins are involved in various biological processes, such as signal transduction, metabolism, transcription and translation. Venn diagram analysis of the differentially expressed proteins was performed in six selected mouse groups, including negative control, positive control mice induced by AOM/DSS, the AOM/DSS groups receiving preventive or therapeutic bMO diets and their bMO-supplemented control groups. This analysis identified 7 proteins; 60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 (Rplp1), fragile X mental retardation, cystatin 9, round spermatids protein, zinc finger protein 638, protein phosphatase 2C (Ppm1g) and unnamed protein product as being potentially associated with the preventive and therapeutic effects of bMO in AOM/DSS-induced mouse colon cancer. Analysis based on the search tool for interactions of chemicals (STITCH) database predicted that Rplp1 interacted with the apoptotic and inflammatory pathways, whereas Ppm1g was associated only with inflammatory networks. This proteomic analysis revealed candidate proteins that are responsible for the effects of bMO supplementation, potentially by regulating apoptotic and inflammatory signaling networks in colorectal cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatchariya Phannasil
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Funtional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Funtional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Piengchai Kupradinun
- Section of Animal Laboratory, Research Division, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sirintip Budda
- Food Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Chaniphun Butryee
- Food Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Chareeporn Akekawatchai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Tuntipopipat
- Food Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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44
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MiRNAs Targeting Double Strand DNA Repair Pathways Lurk in Genomically Unstable Rare Fragile Sites and Determine Cancer Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040876. [PMID: 32260317 PMCID: PMC7226545 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Double strand break (DSB) repair mechanisms guard genome integrity and their deterioration causes genomic instability. Common and rare fragile sites (CFS and RFS, respectively) are particularly vulnerable to instability, and there is an inverse correlation between fragile site (FS) expression and DSB repair protein levels. Upon DSB repair dysfunction, genes residing at these sites are at greater risk of deregulation compared to genes located at non-FS. In this regard, it remains enigmatic why the incidence of miRNA genes at FS is higher compared to non-FS. Herein, using bioinformatics, we examined whether miRNA genes localized at FS inhibit components of DSB repair pathways and assessed their effects on cancer. We show that such miRNAs over-accumulate in RFS, and that FRAXA, which is expressed in Fragile X syndrome, is a conserved hotspot for miRNAs inhibiting DSB repair. Axes of FRAXA-residing miRNAs/DSB repair targets affect survival in a cancer type-specific manner. Moreover, copy number variations in the region encompassing these miRNA genes discriminate survival between male and female patients. Given that, thus far, only CFS have been considered relevant for carcinogenesis, our data are the first to associate RFS with cancer, through the impairment of DSB repair by the FRAXA-residing miRNAs.
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45
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MicroRNA 345 (miR345) regulates KISS1-E-cadherin functional interaction in breast cancer brain metastases. Cancer Lett 2020; 481:24-31. [PMID: 32246957 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases manifest the advanced stage of breast cancer disease with poor prognosis for patient survival. Recent reports demonstrate that some therapeutic agents can activate the expression of several breast cancer-associated genes, whose products are involved in the onset and development of brain metastases. In this study, we discovered a functional link between KISS1 and E-cadherin that could be observed in both primary brain metastatic lesions and paired cell lines, such as parental CN34TGL and MDA-MB-231 and their respective brain metastatic subclones CN34Brm2Ctgl and MDA-MB-231Br. Remarkably, expression of KISS1 and E-cadherin genes consistently showed an inverse correlation in all of the above cell/tissue types. While E-cadherin expression was strongly upregulated in metastatic clones isolated from blood and brain, the levels of this protein in parental MDA-MB-231 cell line was low. Furthermore, E-cadherin upregulation can be artificially induced in MDA-MB-231Br and CN34Brm2Ctgl cell populations by knocking down KISS1 expression directly or through overexpressing the miR345 mimic. In the aggregate, our data suggest that the tumor microenvironment, which controls breast cancer spreading via miR345-regulated KISS1 expression, might modulate metastatic spreading by a mechanism(s) involving upregulation of E-cadherin production.
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46
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Lim GJ, Kang SJ, Lee JY. Novel invasion indices quantify the feed-forward facilitation of tumor invasion by macrophages. Sci Rep 2020; 10:718. [PMID: 31959808 PMCID: PMC6971071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative and reliable measurement of cellular invasion is important to understand a range of biological processes such as cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. Spheroid invasion assays are an attractive in vitro platform because they effectively mimic the tumor cell invasion of solid tissues. Here, we developed an image analysis–based method to quantify the invasiveness of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma tumor cell spheroids. We segmented a cell-covered area into three subareas using objectively set threshold pixel intensities and calculated invasion indices using these subareas. Comparison with conventional parameters for spheroid invasion assays, such as area, length, and detached cells, showed that our indices present the invasion event at an early time and without being convoluted by proliferation. As an application, we then examined paracrine interactions between LLC1 mouse lung carcinoma cells and Raw264.7 mouse macrophage cells with our developed analysis method. We found that the invasion of tumor spheroids was increased by a macrophage-conditioned medium, concomitantly with a decrease in tumor cell proliferation. Importantly, invasion was further enhanced by a conditioned medium from activated macrophages by co-culture with tumor cells. Thus, our indices reveal that tumor cell invasion is facilitated in a feed-forward manner by communication between tumor cells and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gippeum J Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Youn Lee
- Center for Bioanalysis, Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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47
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Zhuang Y, Xu HC, Shinde PV, Warfsmann J, Vasilevska J, Sundaram B, Behnke K, Huang J, Hoell JI, Borkhardt A, Pfeffer K, Taha MS, Herebian D, Mayatepek E, Brenner D, Ahmadian MR, Keitel V, Wieczorek D, Häussinger D, Pandyra AA, Lang KS, Lang PA. Fragile X mental retardation protein protects against tumour necrosis factor-mediated cell death and liver injury. Gut 2020; 69:133-145. [PMID: 31409605 PMCID: PMC6943250 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Fragile X mental retardation (FMR) syndrome is a frequently inherited intellectual disability caused by decreased or absent expression of the FMR protein (FMRP). Lack of FMRP is associated with neuronal degradation and cognitive dysfunction but its role outside the central nervous system is insufficiently studied. Here, we identify a role of FMRP in liver disease. DESIGN Mice lacking Fmr1 gene expression were used to study the role of FMRP during tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced liver damage in disease model systems. Liver damage and mechanistic studies were performed using real-time PCR, Western Blot, staining of tissue sections and clinical chemistry. RESULTS Fmr1null mice exhibited increased liver damage during virus-mediated hepatitis following infection with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Exposure to TNF resulted in severe liver damage due to increased hepatocyte cell death. Consistently, we found increased caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation following TNF stimulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate FMRP to be critically important for regulating key molecules in TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)-dependent apoptosis and necroptosis including CYLD, c-FLIPS and JNK, which contribute to prolonged RIPK1 expression. Accordingly, the RIPK1 inhibitor Necrostatin-1s could reduce liver cell death and alleviate liver damage in Fmr1null mice following TNF exposure. Consistently, FMRP-deficient mice developed increased pathology during acute cholestasis following bile duct ligation, which coincided with increased hepatic expression of RIPK1, RIPK3 and phosphorylation of MLKL. CONCLUSIONS We show that FMRP plays a central role in the inhibition of TNF-mediated cell death during infection and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haifeng C Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Prashant V Shinde
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Warfsmann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jelena Vasilevska
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Balamurugan Sundaram
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristina Behnke
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica I Hoell
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohamed S Taha
- Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Medical research Branch, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental & Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg,Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Verena Keitel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aleksandra A Pandyra
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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48
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Bioprofiling TS/A Murine Mammary Cancer for a Functional Precision Experimental Model. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121889. [PMID: 31783695 PMCID: PMC6966465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The TS/A cell line was established in 1983 from a spontaneous mammary tumor arisen in an inbred BALB/c female mouse. Its features (heterogeneity, low immunogenicity and metastatic ability) rendered the TS/A cell line suitable as a preclinical model for studies on tumor-host interactions and for gene therapy approaches. The integrated biological profile of TS/A resulting from the review of the literature could be a path towards the description of a precision experimental model of mammary cancer.
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49
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Proud CG. Phosphorylation and Signal Transduction Pathways in Translational Control. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a033050. [PMID: 29959191 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein synthesis, including the translation of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs), is regulated by extracellular stimuli such as hormones and by the levels of certain nutrients within cells. This control involves several well-understood signaling pathways and protein kinases, which regulate the phosphorylation of proteins that control the translational machinery. These pathways include the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), its downstream effectors, and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (extracellular ligand-regulated kinase [ERK]) signaling pathway. This review describes the regulatory mechanisms that control translation initiation and elongation factors, in particular the effects of phosphorylation on their interactions or activities. It also discusses current knowledge concerning the impact of these control systems on the translation of specific mRNAs or subsets of mRNAs, both in physiological processes and in diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Proud
- Nutrition & Metabolism, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide SA5000, Australia; and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA5000, Australia
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50
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Unearthing Regulatory Axes of Breast Cancer circRNAs Networks to Find Novel Targets and Fathom Pivotal Mechanisms. Interdiscip Sci 2019; 11:711-722. [PMID: 31187432 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-019-00339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) possess valuable characteristics for both diagnosis and treatment of several human cancers including breast cancer (BC). In this study, we combined several systems, biology tools and approaches to identify influential BC circRNAs, miRNAs, and related mRNAs as the members of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) networks and related RNA binding proteins (RBPs) to study and decipher the BC-triggering biological processes and pathways. Rooting from the identified total of 25 co-differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) between triple negative (TN) and luminal A subtypes of BC from microarray analysis, five hub DECs (hsa_circ_0003227, hsa_circ_0001955, hsa_circ_0020080, hsa_circ_0001666, and hsa_circ_0065173) and top eleven RBPs (AGO1, AGO2, EIF4A3, FMRP, HuR (ELAVL1), IGF2BP1, IGF2BP2, IGF2BP3, EWSR1, FUS, and PTB) were explored to form the upper stream regulatory elements. All the hub circRNAs were regarded as a super sponge having multiple miRNA response elements (MREs). Then, three BC leading miRNAs (hsa-miR-149, hsa-miR-182, and hsa-miR-383) were also introduced from merging several established ceRNAs networks. The predicted 7- and 8-mer MREs matches between hub circRNAs and leading miRNAs ensured their enduring regulatory capability. The mined downstream mRNAs of the circRNAs-miRNAs network then were presented to STRING database to form the PPI network and to decipher the issue from another point of view. The BC interconnected enriched pathways and processes guarantee the merits of the ceRNAs network's members as targetable therapeutic elements. This study suggested extensive panels of novel therapeutic targets that are in charge of BC progression, hence their impressive role cannot be excluded and needs deeper empirical laboratory designs.
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