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Villani F, Guarracino A, Ward RR, Green T, Emms M, Pravenec M, Prins P, Garrison E, Williams RW, Chen H, Colonna V. Pangenome reconstruction in rats enhances genotype-phenotype mapping and novel variant discovery. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.10.575041. [PMID: 38260597 PMCID: PMC10802574 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.575041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The HXB/BXH family of recombinant inbred rat strains is a unique genetic resource that has been extensively phenotyped over 25 years, resulting in a vast dataset of quantitative molecular and physiological phenotypes. We built a pangenome graph from 10x Genomics Linked-Read data for 31 recombinant inbred rats to study genetic variation and association mapping. The pangenome includes 0.2Gb of sequence that is not present the reference mRatBN7.2, confirming the capture of substantial additional variation. We validated variants in challenging regions, including complex structural variants resolving into multiple haplotypes. Phenome-wide association analysis of validated SNPs uncovered variants associated with glucose/insulin levels and hippocampal gene expression. We propose an interaction between Pirl1l1 , chromogranin expression, TNF-α levels, and insulin regulation. This study demonstrates the utility of linked-read pangenomes for comprehensive variant detection and mapping phenotypic diversity in a widely used rat genetic reference panel.
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2
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de Jong TV, Pan Y, Rastas P, Munro D, Tutaj M, Akil H, Benner C, Chen D, Chitre AS, Chow W, Colonna V, Dalgard CL, Demos WM, Doris PA, Garrison E, Geurts AM, Gunturkun HM, Guryev V, Hourlier T, Howe K, Huang J, Kalbfleisch T, Kim P, Li L, Mahaffey S, Martin FJ, Mohammadi P, Ozel AB, Polesskaya O, Pravenec M, Prins P, Sebat J, Smith JR, Solberg Woods LC, Tabakoff B, Tracey A, Uliano-Silva M, Villani F, Wang H, Sharp BM, Telese F, Jiang Z, Saba L, Wang X, Murphy TD, Palmer AA, Kwitek AE, Dwinell MR, Williams RW, Li JZ, Chen H. A revamped rat reference genome improves the discovery of genetic diversity in laboratory rats. Cell Genom 2024; 4:100527. [PMID: 38537634 PMCID: PMC11019364 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The seventh iteration of the reference genome assembly for Rattus norvegicus-mRatBN7.2-corrects numerous misplaced segments and reduces base-level errors by approximately 9-fold and increases contiguity by 290-fold compared with its predecessor. Gene annotations are now more complete, improving the mapping precision of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomics datasets. We jointly analyzed 163 short-read whole-genome sequencing datasets representing 120 laboratory rat strains and substrains using mRatBN7.2. We defined ∼20.0 million sequence variations, of which 18,700 are predicted to potentially impact the function of 6,677 genes. We also generated a new rat genetic map from 1,893 heterogeneous stock rats and annotated transcription start sites and alternative polyadenylation sites. The mRatBN7.2 assembly, along with the extensive analysis of genomic variations among rat strains, enhances our understanding of the rat genome, providing researchers with an expanded resource for studies involving rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan V de Jong
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yanchao Pan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pasi Rastas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Munro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Monika Tutaj
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chris Benner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Denghui Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Apurva S Chitre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William Chow
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincenza Colonna
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples, Italy; Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wendy M Demos
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Peter A Doris
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erik Garrison
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hakan M Gunturkun
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Victor Guryev
- Genome Structure and Ageing, University of Groningen, UMC, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thibaut Hourlier
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus in Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Kerstin Howe
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ted Kalbfleisch
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Panjun Kim
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Spencer Mahaffey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Fergal J Martin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus in Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Pejman Mohammadi
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ayse Bilge Ozel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oksana Polesskaya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pjotr Prins
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Smith
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Leah C Solberg Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Boris Tabakoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alan Tracey
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Flavia Villani
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Burt M Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Francesca Telese
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Laura Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xusheng Wang
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Terence D Murphy
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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3
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Hickey G, Monlong J, Ebler J, Novak AM, Eizenga JM, Gao Y, Marschall T, Li H, Paten B, Abel HJ, Antonacci-Fulton LL, Asri M, Baid G, Baker CA, Belyaeva A, Billis K, Bourque G, Buonaiuto S, Carroll A, Chaisson MJP, Chang PC, Chang XH, Cheng H, Chu J, Cody S, Colonna V, Cook DE, Cook-Deegan RM, Cornejo OE, Diekhans M, Doerr D, Ebert P, Ebler J, Eichler EE, Eizenga JM, Fairley S, Fedrigo O, Felsenfeld AL, Feng X, Fischer C, Flicek P, Formenti G, Frankish A, Fulton RS, Gao Y, Garg S, Garrison E, Garrison NA, Giron CG, Green RE, Groza C, Guarracino A, Haggerty L, Hall IM, Harvey WT, Haukness M, Haussler D, Heumos S, Hickey G, Hoekzema K, Hourlier T, Howe K, Jain M, Jarvis ED, Ji HP, Kenny EE, Koenig BA, Kolesnikov A, Korbel JO, Kordosky J, Koren S, Lee H, Lewis AP, Li H, Liao WW, Lu S, Lu TY, Lucas JK, Magalhães H, Marco-Sola S, Marijon P, Markello C, Marschall T, Martin FJ, McCartney A, McDaniel J, Miga KH, Mitchell MW, Monlong J, Mountcastle J, Munson KM, Mwaniki MN, Nattestad M, Novak AM, Nurk S, Olsen HE, Olson ND, Paten B, Pesout T, Phillippy AM, Popejoy AB, Porubsky D, Prins P, Puiu D, Rautiainen M, Regier AA, Rhie A, Sacco S, Sanders AD, Schneider VA, Schultz BI, Shafin K, Sibbesen JA, Sirén J, Smith MW, Sofia HJ, Tayoun ANA, Thibaud-Nissen F, Tomlinson C, Tricomi FF, Villani F, Vollger MR, Wagner J, Walenz B, Wang T, Wood JMD, Zimin AV, Zook JM. Pangenome graph construction from genome alignments with Minigraph-Cactus. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:663-673. [PMID: 37165083 PMCID: PMC10638906 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pangenome references address biases of reference genomes by storing a representative set of diverse haplotypes and their alignment, usually as a graph. Alternate alleles determined by variant callers can be used to construct pangenome graphs, but advances in long-read sequencing are leading to widely available, high-quality phased assemblies. Constructing a pangenome graph directly from assemblies, as opposed to variant calls, leverages the graph's ability to represent variation at different scales. Here we present the Minigraph-Cactus pangenome pipeline, which creates pangenomes directly from whole-genome alignments, and demonstrate its ability to scale to 90 human haplotypes from the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium. The method builds graphs containing all forms of genetic variation while allowing use of current mapping and genotyping tools. We measure the effect of the quality and completeness of reference genomes used for analysis within the pangenomes and show that using the CHM13 reference from the Telomere-to-Telomere Consortium improves the accuracy of our methods. We also demonstrate construction of a Drosophila melanogaster pangenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Hickey
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Glenn Hickey, Jean Monlong
| | - Jean Monlong
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Glenn Hickey, Jean Monlong
| | - Jana Ebler
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Digital Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adam M. Novak
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Jordan M. Eizenga
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Tobias Marschall
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Digital Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benedict Paten
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Haley J. Abel
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Mobin Asri
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Carl A. Baker
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Konstantinos Billis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Silvia Buonaiuto
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Mark J. P. Chaisson
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Xian H. Chang
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Haoyu Cheng
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin Chu
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Cody
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vincenza Colonna
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Robert M. Cook-Deegan
- Arizona State University, Barrett and O’Connor Washington Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Omar E. Cornejo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Mark Diekhans
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Doerr
- Center for Digital Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Ebert
- Center for Digital Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jana Ebler
- Center for Digital Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Jordan M. Eizenga
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Susan Fairley
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olivier Fedrigo
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam L. Felsenfeld
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)–National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaowen Feng
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Fischer
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giulio Formenti
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Frankish
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert S. Fulton
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shilpa Garg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Garrison
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nanibaa’ A. Garrison
- Institute for Society and Genetics, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Garcia Giron
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard E. Green
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Dovetail Genomics, Scotts Valley, CA, USA
| | - Cristian Groza
- Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Guarracino
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Genomics Research Centre, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Leanne Haggerty
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ira M. Hall
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William T. Harvey
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marina Haukness
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - David Haussler
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Simon Heumos
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Biomedical Data Science, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Glenn Hickey
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Glenn Hickey, Jean Monlong
| | - Kendra Hoekzema
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thibaut Hourlier
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kerstin Howe
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miten Jain
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erich D. Jarvis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanlee P. Ji
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eimear E. Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara A. Koenig
- Program in Bioethics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jan O. Korbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kordosky
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sergey Koren
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - HoJoon Lee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra P. Lewis
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen-Wei Liao
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shuangjia Lu
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tsung-Yu Lu
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julian K. Lucas
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Hugo Magalhães
- Center for Digital Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Santiago Marco-Sola
- Computer Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d’Arquitectura de Computadors i Sistemes Operatius, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre Marijon
- Center for Digital Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Charles Markello
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Tobias Marschall
- Center for Digital Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fergal J. Martin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ann McCartney
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer McDaniel
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Karen H. Miga
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Jean Monlong
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Glenn Hickey, Jean Monlong
| | | | - Katherine M. Munson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Adam M. Novak
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sergey Nurk
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hugh E. Olsen
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Nathan D. Olson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Benedict Paten
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Trevor Pesout
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Adam M. Phillippy
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alice B. Popejoy
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David Porubsky
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pjotr Prins
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Daniela Puiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mikko Rautiainen
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allison A. Regier
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arang Rhie
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samuel Sacco
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ashley D. Sanders
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valerie A. Schneider
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Baergen I. Schultz
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)–National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jonas A. Sibbesen
- Center for Health Data Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jouni Sirén
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Michael W. Smith
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)–National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heidi J. Sofia
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)–National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ahmad N. Abou Tayoun
- Al Jalila Genomics Center of Excellence, Al Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital, Dubai, UAE
- Center for Genomic Discovery, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Françoise Thibaud-Nissen
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chad Tomlinson
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Francesca Floriana Tricomi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Flavia Villani
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mitchell R. Vollger
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justin Wagner
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Brian Walenz
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Aleksey V. Zimin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin M. Zook
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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4
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Mozhui K, Kim H, Villani F, Haghani A, Sen S, Horvath S. Pleiotropic influence of DNA methylation QTLs on physiological and ageing traits. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2252631. [PMID: 37691384 PMCID: PMC10496549 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2252631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is influenced by genetic and non-genetic factors. Here, we chart quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that modulate levels of methylation at highly conserved CpGs using liver methylome data from mouse strains belonging to the BXD family. A regulatory hotspot on chromosome 5 had the highest density of trans-acting methylation QTLs (trans-meQTLs) associated with multiple distant CpGs. We refer to this locus as meQTL.5a. Trans-modulated CpGs showed age-dependent changes and were enriched in developmental genes, including several members of the MODY pathway (maturity onset diabetes of the young). The joint modulation by genotype and ageing resulted in a more 'aged methylome' for BXD strains that inherited the DBA/2J parental allele at meQTL.5a. Further, several gene expression traits, body weight, and lipid levels mapped to meQTL.5a, and there was a modest linkage with lifespan. DNA binding motif and protein-protein interaction enrichment analyses identified the hepatic nuclear factor, Hnf1a (MODY3 gene in humans), as a strong candidate. The pleiotropic effects of meQTL.5a could contribute to variations in body size and metabolic traits, and influence CpG methylation and epigenetic ageing that could have an impact on lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyobeni Mozhui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hyeonju Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Flavia Villani
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Amin Haghani
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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de Jong TV, Pan Y, Rastas P, Munro D, Tutaj M, Akil H, Benner C, Chen D, Chitre AS, Chow W, Colonna V, Dalgard CL, Demos WM, Doris PA, Garrison E, Geurts AM, Gunturkun HM, Guryev V, Hourlier T, Howe K, Huang J, Kalbfleisch T, Kim P, Li L, Mahaffey S, Martin FJ, Mohammadi P, Ozel AB, Polesskaya O, Pravenec M, Prins P, Sebat J, Smith JR, Solberg Woods LC, Tabakoff B, Tracey A, Uliano-Silva M, Villani F, Wang H, Sharp BM, Telese F, Jiang Z, Saba L, Wang X, Murphy TD, Palmer AA, Kwitek AE, Dwinell MR, Williams RW, Li JZ, Chen H. A revamped rat reference genome improves the discovery of genetic diversity in laboratory rats. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.13.536694. [PMID: 37214860 PMCID: PMC10197727 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.13.536694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The seventh iteration of the reference genome assembly for Rattus norvegicus-mRatBN7.2-corrects numerous misplaced segments and reduces base-level errors by approximately 9-fold and increases contiguity by 290-fold compared to its predecessor. Gene annotations are now more complete, significantly improving the mapping precision of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomics data sets. We jointly analyzed 163 short-read whole genome sequencing datasets representing 120 laboratory rat strains and substrains using mRatBN7.2. We defined ~20.0 million sequence variations, of which 18.7 thousand are predicted to potentially impact the function of 6,677 genes. We also generated a new rat genetic map from 1,893 heterogeneous stock rats and annotated transcription start sites and alternative polyadenylation sites. The mRatBN7.2 assembly, along with the extensive analysis of genomic variations among rat strains, enhances our understanding of the rat genome, providing researchers with an expanded resource for studies involving rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan V de Jong
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yanchao Pan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pasi Rastas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Munro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Monika Tutaj
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chris Benner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Denghui Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Apurva S Chitre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William Chow
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincenza Colonna
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics; The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - Wendy M Demos
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Peter A Doris
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Center For Human Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erik Garrison
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hakan M Gunturkun
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Victor Guryev
- Genome Structure and Ageing, University of Groningen, UMC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thibaut Hourlier
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus in Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Kerstin Howe
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ted Kalbfleisch
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Panjun Kim
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Spencer Mahaffey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Fergal J Martin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus in Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Pejman Mohammadi
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ayse Bilge Ozel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oksana Polesskaya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pjotr Prins
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Smith
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Leah C Solberg Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Boris Tabakoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alan Tracey
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Flavia Villani
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Burt M Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Francesca Telese
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Laura Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xusheng Wang
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Terence D Murphy
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Rat Genome Database, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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6
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Maksimov MO, Wu C, Ashbrook DG, Villani F, Colonna V, Mousavi N, Ma N, Lu L, Pritchard JK, Goren A, Williams RW, Palmer AA, Gymrek M. A novel quantitative trait locus implicates Msh3 in the propensity for genome-wide short tandem repeat expansions in mice. Genome Res 2023; 33:689-702. [PMID: 37127331 PMCID: PMC10317118 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277576.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Short tandem repeats (STRs) are a class of rapidly mutating genetic elements typically characterized by repeated units of 1-6 bp. We leveraged whole-genome sequencing data for 152 recombinant inbred (RI) strains from the BXD family of mice to map loci that modulate genome-wide patterns of new mutations arising during parent-to-offspring transmission at STRs. We defined quantitative phenotypes describing the numbers and types of germline STR mutations in each strain and performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses for each of these phenotypes. We identified a locus on Chromosome 13 at which strains inheriting the C57BL/6J (B) haplotype have a higher rate of STR expansions than those inheriting the DBA/2J (D) haplotype. The strongest candidate gene in this locus is Msh3, a known modifier of STR stability in cancer and at pathogenic repeat expansions in mice and humans, as well as a current drug target against Huntington's disease. The D haplotype at this locus harbors a cluster of variants near the 5' end of Msh3, including multiple missense variants near the DNA mismatch recognition domain. In contrast, the B haplotype contains a unique retrotransposon insertion. The rate of expansion covaries positively with Msh3 expression-with higher expression from the B haplotype. Finally, detailed analysis of mutation patterns showed that strains carrying the B allele have higher expansion rates, but slightly lower overall total mutation rates, compared with those with the D allele, particularly at tetranucleotide repeats. Our results suggest an important role for inherited variants in Msh3 in modulating genome-wide patterns of germline mutations at STRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O Maksimov
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Cynthia Wu
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - David G Ashbrook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Flavia Villani
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Vincenza Colonna
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples 80111, Italy
| | - Nima Mousavi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Nichole Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Jonathan K Pritchard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Alon Goren
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Melissa Gymrek
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics
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7
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Liao WW, Asri M, Ebler J, Doerr D, Haukness M, Hickey G, Lu S, Lucas JK, Monlong J, Abel HJ, Buonaiuto S, Chang XH, Cheng H, Chu J, Colonna V, Eizenga JM, Feng X, Fischer C, Fulton RS, Garg S, Groza C, Guarracino A, Harvey WT, Heumos S, Howe K, Jain M, Lu TY, Markello C, Martin FJ, Mitchell MW, Munson KM, Mwaniki MN, Novak AM, Olsen HE, Pesout T, Porubsky D, Prins P, Sibbesen JA, Sirén J, Tomlinson C, Villani F, Vollger MR, Antonacci-Fulton LL, Baid G, Baker CA, Belyaeva A, Billis K, Carroll A, Chang PC, Cody S, Cook DE, Cook-Deegan RM, Cornejo OE, Diekhans M, Ebert P, Fairley S, Fedrigo O, Felsenfeld AL, Formenti G, Frankish A, Gao Y, Garrison NA, Giron CG, Green RE, Haggerty L, Hoekzema K, Hourlier T, Ji HP, Kenny EE, Koenig BA, Kolesnikov A, Korbel JO, Kordosky J, Koren S, Lee H, Lewis AP, Magalhães H, Marco-Sola S, Marijon P, McCartney A, McDaniel J, Mountcastle J, Nattestad M, Nurk S, Olson ND, Popejoy AB, Puiu D, Rautiainen M, Regier AA, Rhie A, Sacco S, Sanders AD, Schneider VA, Schultz BI, Shafin K, Smith MW, Sofia HJ, Abou Tayoun AN, Thibaud-Nissen F, Tricomi FF, Wagner J, Walenz B, Wood JMD, Zimin AV, Bourque G, Chaisson MJP, Flicek P, Phillippy AM, Zook JM, Eichler EE, Haussler D, Wang T, Jarvis ED, Miga KH, Garrison E, Marschall T, Hall IM, Li H, Paten B. A draft human pangenome reference. Nature 2023; 617:312-324. [PMID: 37165242 PMCID: PMC10172123 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 163.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Here the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium presents a first draft of the human pangenome reference. The pangenome contains 47 phased, diploid assemblies from a cohort of genetically diverse individuals1. These assemblies cover more than 99% of the expected sequence in each genome and are more than 99% accurate at the structural and base pair levels. Based on alignments of the assemblies, we generate a draft pangenome that captures known variants and haplotypes and reveals new alleles at structurally complex loci. We also add 119 million base pairs of euchromatic polymorphic sequences and 1,115 gene duplications relative to the existing reference GRCh38. Roughly 90 million of the additional base pairs are derived from structural variation. Using our draft pangenome to analyse short-read data reduced small variant discovery errors by 34% and increased the number of structural variants detected per haplotype by 104% compared with GRCh38-based workflows, which enabled the typing of the vast majority of structural variant alleles per sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Liao
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mobin Asri
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Jana Ebler
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Digital Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Doerr
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Digital Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marina Haukness
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Glenn Hickey
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Shuangjia Lu
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Genomic Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julian K Lucas
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Jean Monlong
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Haley J Abel
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Silvia Buonaiuto
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Xian H Chang
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Haoyu Cheng
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin Chu
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincenza Colonna
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jordan M Eizenga
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Xiaowen Feng
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Fischer
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert S Fulton
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shilpa Garg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristian Groza
- Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrea Guarracino
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Genomics Research Centre, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - William T Harvey
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon Heumos
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Biomedical Data Science, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Howe
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miten Jain
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tsung-Yu Lu
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles Markello
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Fergal J Martin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Katherine M Munson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Adam M Novak
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Hugh E Olsen
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Trevor Pesout
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - David Porubsky
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pjotr Prins
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jonas A Sibbesen
- Center for Health Data Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jouni Sirén
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Chad Tomlinson
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Flavia Villani
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mitchell R Vollger
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Carl A Baker
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Konstantinos Billis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah Cody
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Robert M Cook-Deegan
- Barrett and O'Connor Washington Center, Arizona State University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Omar E Cornejo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Mark Diekhans
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Peter Ebert
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Digital Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susan Fairley
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olivier Fedrigo
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam L Felsenfeld
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giulio Formenti
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Frankish
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yan Gao
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nanibaa' A Garrison
- Institute for Society and Genetics, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Garcia Giron
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard E Green
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Dovetail Genomics, Scotts Valley, CA, USA
| | - Leanne Haggerty
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kendra Hoekzema
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thibaut Hourlier
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hanlee P Ji
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara A Koenig
- Program in Bioethics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jan O Korbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kordosky
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sergey Koren
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - HoJoon Lee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra P Lewis
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hugo Magalhães
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Digital Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Santiago Marco-Sola
- Computer Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors i Sistemes Operatius, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre Marijon
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Digital Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ann McCartney
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer McDaniel
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Sergey Nurk
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathan D Olson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Alice B Popejoy
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Puiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mikko Rautiainen
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allison A Regier
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arang Rhie
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samuel Sacco
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ashley D Sanders
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valerie A Schneider
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Baergen I Schultz
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael W Smith
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heidi J Sofia
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ahmad N Abou Tayoun
- Al Jalila Genomics Center of Excellence, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai, UAE
- Center for Genomic Discovery, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Françoise Thibaud-Nissen
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francesca Floriana Tricomi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Justin Wagner
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Brian Walenz
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Aleksey V Zimin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mark J P Chaisson
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam M Phillippy
- Genome Informatics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Justin M Zook
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - David Haussler
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erich D Jarvis
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen H Miga
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Erik Garrison
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Tobias Marschall
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Center for Digital Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Ira M Hall
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Center for Genomic Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Benedict Paten
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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8
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Garrison E, Guarracino A, Heumos S, Villani F, Bao Z, Tattini L, Hagmann J, Vorbrugg S, Marco-Sola S, Kubica C, Ashbrook DG, Thorell K, Rusholme-Pilcher RL, Liti G, Rudbeck E, Nahnsen S, Yang Z, Moses MN, Nobrega FL, Wu Y, Chen H, de Ligt J, Sudmant PH, Soranzo N, Colonna V, Williams RW, Prins P. Building pangenome graphs. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.05.535718. [PMID: 37066137 PMCID: PMC10104075 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.05.535718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Pangenome graphs can represent all variation between multiple genomes, but existing methods for constructing them are biased due to reference-guided approaches. In response, we have developed PanGenome Graph Builder (PGGB), a reference-free pipeline for constructing unbi-ased pangenome graphs. PGGB uses all-to-all whole-genome alignments and learned graph embeddings to build and iteratively refine a model in which we can identify variation, measure conservation, detect recombination events, and infer phylogenetic relationships.
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9
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van der Meer PB, Maschio M, Dirven L, Taphoorn MJB, Koekkoek JAF, Coppola A, Maialetti A, Pietrella A, Rigamonti A, Zarabla A, Frigeni B, Salis B, Di. Bonaventura C, Marras CE, Palestini C, Ferlazzo E, Venturelli E, Dainese F, Martella F, Paladin F, Villani F, Capizzi G, Napoleoni L, Stanzani L, Stragapede L, Zummo L, Balducci M, Eoli M, Rizzi M, Vernaleone M, Messina R, Vittorini R, Gasparini S, Ius T, Cianci V, Manfioli V, Mariani V, Capovilla G. First-line levetiracetam versus enzyme-inducing antiseizure medication in glioma patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2023; 64:162-169. [PMID: 36380710 PMCID: PMC10100008 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to directly compare the effectiveness of first-line monotherapy levetiracetam (LEV) versus enzyme-inducing antiseizure medications (EIASMs) in glioma patients. METHODS In this nationwide retrospective observational cohort study, Grade 2-4 glioma patients were included, with a maximum duration of follow-up of 36 months. Primary outcome was antiseizure medication (ASM) treatment failure for any reason, and secondary outcomes were treatment failure due to uncontrolled seizures and due to adverse effects. For estimation of the association between ASM treatment and ASM treatment failure, multivariate cause-specific cox proportional hazard models were estimated, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS In the original cohort, a total of 808 brain tumor patients with epilepsy were included, of whom 109 glioma patients were prescribed first-line LEV and 183 glioma patients first-line EIASMs. The EIASM group had a significantly higher risk of treatment failure for any reason compared to LEV (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20-2.75, p = .005). Treatment failure due to uncontrolled seizures did not differ significantly between EIASMs and LEV (aHR = 1.32, 95% CI = .78-2.25, p = .300), but treatment failure due to adverse effects differed significantly (aHR = 4.87, 95% CI = 1.89-12.55, p = .001). SIGNIFICANCE In this study, it was demonstrated that LEV had a significantly better effectiveness (i.e., less ASM treatment failure for any reason or due to adverse effects) compared to EIASMs, supporting the current neuro-oncology guideline recommendations to avoid EIASMs in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim B van der Meer
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Maschio
- Center for Tumor-Related Epilepsy, Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale Neuro-oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Dirven
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Martin J B Taphoorn
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan A F Koekkoek
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, the Hague, the Netherlands
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10
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La Gualana F, Villani F, Cusano G, Gragnani L, Stefanini L, Santini S, Basili S, Casato M, Fiorilli M, Visentini M. AB1169 IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF SARS-CoV-2 VACCINATION: INCREASE OF REGULATORY T CELLS AFTER mRNA VACCINE. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundBesides the ability to induce antigen-specific responses, vaccines can be endowed with immunomodulatory properties including the capacity to induce or downregulate regulatory T cells (Treg) that suppress adaptative and autoreactive immune responses (1).ObjectivesWe asked if an anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine could also induce an accumulation of Treg cells in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis (MCV), who have a deficiency of Treg cells (2) and in healthy individuals. We also investigated immunologic variables possibly associated with a low immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in patients with MCV (3).MethodsWe analyzed peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological response in 24 patients with MCV and 9 Healthy donors (HD) before and after 2 weeks after the second dose of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine.ResultsAmong MCV patients we found 15 serological responders and 9 non-responders. All 5 seronegative patients treated recently with rituximab had <5 B cells/µL, whereas the absolute B cell count was increased in 2 of 4 untreated patients due to monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis, with monoclonal cells representing more than 90% of B cells, associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The percentage of pathologic CD21low B cells was significantly increased in seronegative patients.Before receiving the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, patients with MCV had a significantly reduced frequency of Treg cells among CD4+ T cells compared to HD. After the second dose of the vaccine, there was in MCV patients a significant increase in the percent and absolute count of Treg among CD4+ T cellsConcerning the pre-vaccination distribution of T cells subpopulations, including the percentages and absolute counts of total CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, HLA-DR+ activated, Treg or CD56+ natural killer T cells, we could not reveal any pattern significantly associated with lack of serological response to vaccine.ConclusionOur findings show that lack of immunoreactivity in patients with MCV may be associated with expansion of pathologic B cells and that anti-SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccine may induce an increase of Treg cells.References[1]Krienke C. et al. A noninflammatory mRNA vaccine for treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Science. 2021 Jan 8;371(6525):145-153.[2]Boyer O. et al. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cell deficiency in patients with hepatitis C-mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. Blood. 2004 May 1;103(9):3428-30.[3]Visentini M. et al. Flares of mixed cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Nov 24:annrheumdis-2021-221248.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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11
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Balasco N, Damaggio G, Esposito L, Villani F, Berisio R, Colonna V, Vitagliano L. A global analysis of conservative and non-conservative mutations in SARS-CoV-2 detected in the first year of the COVID-19 world-wide diffusion. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24495. [PMID: 34969951 PMCID: PMC8718531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to rapidly mutate represents a remarkable complicancy. Quantitative evaluations of the effects that these mutations have on the virus structure/function is of great relevance and the availability of a large number of SARS-CoV-2 sequences since the early phases of the pandemic represents a unique opportunity to follow the adaptation of the virus to humans. Here, we evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 amino acid mutations and their progression by analyzing publicly available viral genomes at three stages of the pandemic (2020 March 15th and October 7th, 2021 February 7th). Mutations were classified in conservative and non-conservative based on the probability to be accepted during the evolution according to the Point Accepted Mutation substitution matrices and on the similarity of the encoding codons. We found that the most frequent substitutions are T > I, L > F, and A > V and we observe accumulation of hydrophobic residues. These findings are consistent among the three stages analyzed. We also found that non-conservative mutations are less frequent than conservative ones. This finding may be ascribed to a progressive adaptation of the virus to the host. In conclusion, the present study provides indications of the early evolution of the virus and tools for the global and genome-specific evaluation of the possible impact of mutations on the structure/function of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Balasco
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Damaggio
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Luciana Esposito
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Villani
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Berisio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Colonna
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Vitagliano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.
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12
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Kornfield JA, Rocher L, Lennon AB, Ylitalo AS, Di Luccio T, Menary GH, Miscioscia R, De Filippo G, Pandolfi G, Villani F. Metastable structures, interplay of sequential deformations and interactions between tungsten disulfide nanotubes and poly( L-lactide) studied by in situ X-ray scattering. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767321091194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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13
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Eizenga JM, Novak AM, Kobayashi E, Villani F, Cisar C, Heumos S, Hickey G, Colonna V, Paten B, Garrison E. Efficient dynamic variation graphs. Bioinformatics 2021; 36:5139-5144. [PMID: 33040146 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Pangenomics is a growing field within computational genomics. Many pangenomic analyses use bidirected sequence graphs as their core data model. However, implementing and correctly using this data model can be difficult, and the scale of pangenomic datasets can be challenging to work at. These challenges have impeded progress in this field. RESULTS Here, we present a stack of two C++ libraries, libbdsg and libhandlegraph, which use a simple, field-proven interface, designed to expose elementary features of these graphs while preventing common graph manipulation mistakes. The libraries also provide a Python binding. Using a diverse collection of pangenome graphs, we demonstrate that these tools allow for efficient construction and manipulation of large genome graphs with dense variation. For instance, the speed and memory usage are up to an order of magnitude better than the prior graph implementation in the VG toolkit, which has now transitioned to using libbdsg's implementations. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION libhandlegraph and libbdsg are available under an MIT License from https://github.com/vgteam/libhandlegraph and https://github.com/vgteam/libbdsg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Eizenga
- Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Biomolecular Engineering and Bioinformatics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Adam M Novak
- Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Biomolecular Engineering and Bioinformatics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Emily Kobayashi
- Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Flavia Villani
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale di Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy.,Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80138,Italy
| | - Cecilia Cisar
- Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Biomolecular Engineering and Bioinformatics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Simon Heumos
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | | | - Vincenza Colonna
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale di Ricerche, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Benedict Paten
- Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Biomolecular Engineering and Bioinformatics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Erik Garrison
- Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Biomolecular Engineering and Bioinformatics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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14
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Villani F, Pucci S, Azzaro R, Civico R, Cinti FR, Pizzimenti L, Tarabusi G, Branca S, Brunori CA, Caciagli M, Cantarero M, Cucci L, D'Amico S, De Beni E, De Martini PM, Mariucci MT, Messina A, Montone P, Nappi R, Nave R, Pantosti D, Ricci T, Sapia V, Smedile A, Vallone R, Venuti A. Surface ruptures database related to the 26 December 2018, M W 4.9 Mt. Etna earthquake, southern Italy. Sci Data 2020; 7:42. [PMID: 32034156 PMCID: PMC7005827 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide a database of the surface ruptures produced by the 26 December 2018 Mw 4.9 earthquake that struck the eastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano in Sicily (southern Italy). Despite its relatively small magnitude, this shallow earthquake caused about 8 km of surface faulting, along the trace of the NNW-trending active Fiandaca Fault. Detailed field surveys have been performed in the epicentral area to map the ruptures and to characterize their kinematics. The surface ruptures show a dominant right-oblique sense of displacement with an average slip of about 0.09 m and a maximum value of 0.35 m. We have parsed and organized all observations in a concise database, with 932 homogeneous georeferenced records. The Fiandaca Fault is part of the complex active Timpe faults system affecting the eastern flank of Etna, and its seismic history indicates a prominent surface-faulting potential. Therefore, this database is essential for unravelling the seismotectonics of shallow earthquakes in volcanic areas, and contributes updating empirical scaling regressions that relate magnitude and extent of surface faulting.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Villani
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy.
| | - S Pucci
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - R Azzaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy
| | - R Civico
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - F R Cinti
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - L Pizzimenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - G Tarabusi
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - S Branca
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy
| | - C A Brunori
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - M Caciagli
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - M Cantarero
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy
| | - L Cucci
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - S D'Amico
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy
| | - E De Beni
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy
| | - P M De Martini
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - M T Mariucci
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - A Messina
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Catania, Italy
| | - P Montone
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - R Nappi
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - R Nave
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - D Pantosti
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - T Ricci
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - V Sapia
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - A Smedile
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - R Vallone
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - A Venuti
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
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15
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Stabile A, Deleo F, Didato G, Pastori C, Antozzi C, de Curtis M, Villani F. Adult-onset Rasmussen encephalitis treated with mitoxantrone. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:e125-e126. [PMID: 30403325 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Stabile
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Division, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - F Deleo
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Division, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - G Didato
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Division, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - C Pastori
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Division, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - C Antozzi
- Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - M de Curtis
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Division, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - F Villani
- Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Division, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milan, Italy
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16
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Villani F, Monti E, Piccinini F, Favalli L, Lanza E, Rozza Dionigi A, Poggi P. Relationship between Doxorubicin-Induced Ecg Changes and Myocardial Alterations in Rats. Tumori 2018; 72:323-9. [PMID: 3739010 DOI: 10.1177/030089168607200315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dose- and time-dependence of the effect displayed by doxorubicin (DXR) on the electrocardiogram (ECG) and to establish the relationship between structural alterations of the myocardium and ECG changes in rats administered DXR, at a dose of 1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg, every 3 days for a total of three administrations. The most interesting findings consisted of a dose-dependent, but reversible prolongation of the QRS complex, and in a dose-dependent and progressive irreversible increase in QaT and, in particular, in SaT duration. Furthermore, animals treated with the higher DXR dose showed a slight increase in serum K+ concentration and a significant decrease in serum Ca2+ levels. A good correlation was found between the morphologic score indicating the degree of observed tissue damage and SaT prolongation. These results therefore support the usefulness of measuring this ECG parameter for monitoring the development of DXR-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
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Loffredo F, Villani F, Cancro C, Nenna G, Borriello A, Miscioscia R, Minarini C, Roca F. Evaluation of the PMMA microlens efficiency for the realization of a solar micro-concentrator array. Appl Opt 2018; 57:4396-4401. [PMID: 29877384 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.004396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess the performance of solar micro-concentrators, specific methods and protocols need to be developed, tested, and applied. In detail, as in conventional concentration modules, one of the fundamental parameters to consider is the efficiency of optical concentrators. In fact, optical concentrators give fundamental information on the current potentially generated from solar microcells that receive the concentrated light radiation. To develop a measurement method for micrometer-size optical components, a suitable optical system was implemented and used. Moreover, the potential application of the printed microstructures in an optical system for solar micro-concentrators was demonstrated.
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Cascinelli N, Belli F, Marchini S, Marolda R, Prada A, Sciorelli G, Villani F, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Galazka A, Parmiani G. A Phase II Study of the Administration of Recombinant Interleukin 2 (rIL-2) Plus Lymphokine Activated Killer (LAK) Cells in Stage IV Melanoma Patients. Tumori 2018; 75:233-44. [PMID: 2788945 DOI: 10.1177/030089168907500309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
From January 1987 to February 1988, 15 stage IV melanoma patients were treated with two courses of bolus injection of rIL-2 plus LAK cell infusions at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. The original treatment regimen included a first course of rIL-2 administration (400 μg/m5 bolus injection 3 times a day [TID] for 4 days) and a second course of rIL-2 administration (800 μg/m2 bolus injection TID for 7 days) separated by 4 consecutive daily leukaphereses. Autologous lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells were reinfused into each patient on three occasions during the second period of rIL-2 administration. Due to the appearance of grade III–IV neurological, hepatic and cardiopulmonary toxicity, 7 patients discontinued dosing before the end of treatment, one patient desired to be withdrawn and one patient died from rapidly progressive disease, although complications of rIL-2 administration may have contributed to her death. Only 6 patients completed the schedule without evidence of major intolerance, even though the planned dose during the second course of rIL-2 was reduced to 400 μg/m2. The complete duration of treatment ranged from 11 to 19 days. The total dose of rIL-2 injected ranged from 12.6 to 30.4 mg. The number of infused LAK cells ranged from 15.5x109 to 60x109/patient. Two of the 14 evaluable patients showed a minor anti-tumor response. In 5 patients new metastases in other sites were documented from 2 to 5 months after completion of dosing. No apparent association was found between progression of the disease (or the appearance of new metastases) and the total dose of rIL-2 injected, the number of LAK cells administered or the number of days of treatment. By December 1988, all patients had died of their disease in a period ranging from 3 to 14 months from the last injection of rIL-2. The lack of significant clinical responses in this study and the high toxicity of this treatment lead us to conclude that at least as far as melanoma patients are concerned, adoptive immunotherapy with rIL-2 plus LAK cells (as described here) is not a justifiable treatment option unless new evidence presents itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cascinelli
- Division of Surgical Oncology B, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
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Abstract
In the present investigation, the cardiotoxic effects of three anthracycline analogs (doxorubicin, 4′-epi-doxorubicin and 4′-deoxy-doxorubicin) were compared. For this purpose, 9.0 mg/kg of doxorubicin, divided into three closely spaced sub-doses, were injected intravenously in rats. The two derivatives were administered according to the same time schedule and their doses were chosen on the basis of the clinically adopted ratio, doxorubicin : 4′-epidoxorubicin : 4′-deoxy-doxorubicin = 1:1: 0.5. The degree of cardiomyopathy induced by the three anthracyclines was evaluated by ECG changes and morphological alterations. Doxorubicin was found to produce a significant degree of cardiotoxicity, thus confirming the validity of the experimental model adopted. Both 4′-substituted derivatives proved to be less cardiotoxic than the parent compound, although not completely devoid of this side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lanza
- Istituto di Farmacologia, Università di Pavia, Italy
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Canobbio L, Fassio T, Gasparini G, Caruso G, Barzan L, Comoretto R, Brema F, Villani F. Cardiac Arrhythmia: Possible Complication from Treatment with Cisplatin. Tumori 2018; 72:201-4. [PMID: 3705195 DOI: 10.1177/030089168607200215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is rarely observed during cisplatin chemotherapy. A possible synergistic toxic effect of cisplatin with etoposide on cardiac electrical activity is discussed. A case of a 60-year-old woman with squamous cell lung carcinoma who developed paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during cisplatin chemotherapy is reported. The potential cardiotoxicity should be considered when cisplatin is combined with other cardiotoxic agents or used in patients with cardiac disease.
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Abstract
Cardiac function was monitored by means of ECG and systolic time intervals in 13 patients submitted to treatment with 4′-(9-acridinylamino) methanesulfon-m-aniside (AMSA) without the classical reconstitution vehicle N1N-dimethylacetamide. ECG changes were represented by flattening of T waves (100%), sporadic atrial extrasystoles (23 %), and sporadic or coupled ventricular premature beats (7.6 %). These alterations were transient and not dose related. The systolic time interval ratio, recorded at the end of infusion and 2 h after drug administration, did not change significantly from pretreatment values. Systolic time intervals recorded in 6 patients after the mean cumulative dose of 550 mg/m2, and in 3 patients after the mean cumulative dose of 1000 mg/m2, did not change from mean basal values. Present data failed to confirm the occurrence of a significantly cardiotoxic activity of AMSA.
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Piotti P, Genitoni V, Comazzi R, Pagnoni AM, Guindani A, Cerasoli S, Villani F. Relationship between Pulmonary Function Tests and Morphologic Changes in the Lung in Bleomycin-Treated Patients. Tumori 2018; 70:439-44. [PMID: 6209835 DOI: 10.1177/030089168407000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (TLCO) and the respiratory response to moderate exercise were determined in 16 patients with pulmonary metastasis pretreated with bleomycin who underwent pulmonary partial resection. The results of pulmonary function tests were related to histologic findings. No significant correlation was found between pulmonary morphologic changes and the TLCO: this questions the usefulness of TLCO as a predictive method for detecting subclinical bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. No significant correlation was found between morphologic findings and cumulative dose of bleomycin: this confirms the limit of a dose limitation strategy. In contrast, evaluation of pulmonary response to exercise seemed to improve the sensitivity of monitoring such patients for clinical evidence of latent pulmonary toxicity; however, it seems that critical morphologic changes must occur before pulmonary performance begins to deteriorate.
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Abstract
Mitoxantrone was administered at the dose of 14 mg/m2 i.v. every 3 weeks to 25 consecutive women with measurable progressive disease who relapsed after adjuvant CMF and endocrine therapy. The treatment plan consisted in the delivery of 6 cycles, unless disease progression or severe toxicity occurred. All patients were evaluable for drug response and toxicity. One patient achieved complete remission and 6 partial remission, for a total response rate of 28%. Objective tumor response was observed in all major sites of disease. The median time to achieve remission was 3 months. The median duration of response was 7 months (range, 5–39+), and the median survival for the entire group was 10 months (range, 3–39). Results were influenced only by the duration of diseasefree status from the end of adjuvant CMF chemotherapy. In fact, all tumor responses were documented in woman with free intervals exceeding 1 year (7 of 17 or 41 %). Treatment was generally well tolerated, with 10 patients developing leukopenia at some time during treatment. Only 2 patients received less than 75 % of the projected dose because of granulocytopenia. Complete alopecia occurred in only 2 cases. Three patients developed a fall > 15 % in left ventricular ejection fraction, but no episode of congestive heart failure was observed. We conclude that mitoxantrone is an effective and safe drug which can be utilized in women relapsing after adjuvant CMF.
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Abstract
Two cases of 5-fluorouracil cardiotoxicity, resulting in one patient in myocardial infarction, are described. A review of the literature confirms that cardiotoxicity is a rare but genuine complication of 5-fluorouracil treatment; the cardiotoxic effect seems to range from mild angina without persistent electrocardiographic changes to severe myocardial infarction. No factors predictive of this complication were identified. The authors therefore feel it is advisable to stop 5-fluorouracil treatment when precordial pain occurs, even if the ECG (after angina) is normal, since angina can in some cases result in myocardial infarction.
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Monti E, Bossa R, Galatulas I, Favalli L, Villani F, Piccinini F. Interaction between Doxorubicin and Mitomycin C on Mortality and Myocardial Contractility in Guinea PIG. Tumori 2018; 69:113-6. [PMID: 6407163 DOI: 10.1177/030089168306900205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present investigations were carried out in guinea pig to ascertain whether mitomycin C has a direct cardiotoxic effect or interacts with doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. I.p. administration of mitomycin C did not modify the survival rate up to 30 days, whereas the combined administration of doxorubicin and mitomycin C significantly decreased the survival time in comparison to the doxorubicin-treated group. On isolated atria, mitomycin C did not cause significant inhibition of the contractile force or an enhancement of the doxorubicin-induced negative inotropic effect. These results do not support the possibility that mitomycin C potentiates the acute cardiotoxic effects produced by doxorubicin.
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Villani F, Favalli L, Piccinini F. Relationship between the Effect on Calcium Turnover and Early Cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin and 4'-EPI-Doxorubicin in Guinea Pig Heart Muscle. Tumori 2018; 66:689-97. [PMID: 6940313 DOI: 10.1177/030089168006600603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin and 4'-epi-doxorubicin, two anthracycline derivatives with different cardiotoxic effects in experimental models, were found to decrease myocardial contractility in isolated guinea pig atria by significantly modifying calcium turnover. This effect seems to be mainly localized on the fast exchanging membrane-bound calcium, while these drugs do not significantly influence the intracellular stores of calcium. 4'-epi-doxorubicin, which induces a less negative inotropic effect than doxorubicin, produces a smaller inhibition of calcium turnover. This supports the hypothesis that the inhibition of calcium turnover and particularly of the fast exchanging calcium compartment is a general mechanism involved in the early anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Villani F, Comazzi R, Di Fronzo G, Bertuzzi A, Guindani A. Evaluation of Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity in Patients Treated Intermittently with Beta-Methyldigoxin. Tumori 2018; 68:349-53. [PMID: 7147362 DOI: 10.1177/030089168206800414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-one patients with various advanced neoplasms were treated with 60 to 75 mg/m2 of doxorubicin every 3 to 4 weeks and monitored by ECG and systolic time intervals (PEP/LVET) with the aim to establish whether a pretreatment with beta-methyldigoxin, administered intermittently, could prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. It was found that until patients received digitalis pretreatment the PEP/LVET ratio did not change significantly from mean basal values even after the highest cumulative dosages of doxorubicin. However, after interruption of the therapy with both drugs, PEP/LVET increased reaching a value not significantly different from that observed in a comparable group of patients treated only with doxorubicin. Moreover, of 9 patients who reached the cumulative limiting dose, 2 developed congestive heart failure. These results question the possibility that digitalis administered according to an intermittent treatment scheme may prevent doxorubicin cardiomyopathy.
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Marolda R, Belli F, Prada A, Villani F, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Galazka A, Parmiani G, Cascinelli N. A Phase I Study of Recombinant Interleukin 2 in Melanoma Patients. Toxicity and Clinical Effects. Tumori 2018; 73:575-84. [PMID: 3501624 DOI: 10.1177/030089168707300606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity and clinical effects of a new brand of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2, Bioleukin™, Biogen, Geneva) were evaluated by a phase I study in 12 patients with stage III melanoma. Escalating doses from 100 μg/m2 to 800 μg/m2 were administered thrice a day with bolus injections given via a peripheral venous catheter for up to a maximum of 7 days. All patients showed malaise, fever and chills and mild gastrointestinal side effects. A modest electrolyte imbalance (hypocalcemia and hypokalemia) was detected in all 12 patients. Renal toxicity as judged by serum creatinine was not observed, and hepatic toxicity was moderate with the possible exception of one patient who had an unclear previous history of liver dysfunction. Mild, transient leukopenia was found in several patients, whereas thrombocytopenia developed in 4 patients; no anemia was observed. Cutaneous rash was seen in half of the patients treated. Fluid retention was minimal, with a weight gain associated to treatment that never exceeded 10% of pretreatment body weight. Electrocardiographic alterations developed in 2 patients in the form of ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles. In 2 patients given the highest dose of rIL2, a significant reduction in transfer lung factor for carbon monoxide was seen, indicating alterations in pulmonary functions. Other dose-related toxicities were thrombocytopenia and malaise. All side effects disappeared 2-3 days after the end of rIL2 administration. No major responses were seen in association with the 4-8 days of treatment given in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Marolda
- Division of Surgical Oncology "B", Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Agostini M, Pucciarelli S, Calandra P, Villani F, Lise M, Nitti D. Genetic Heterogeneity of Variable Number Tandem Repeats in Thymidylate Synthase Gene in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Int J Biol Markers 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080401900413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the genetic variability in a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in the thymidylate synthase (TS) enhancer promoter region and assess the influence of functional alterations in mismatch repair genes by analyzing constitutional and tumoral DNA from patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma with a high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) or microsatellite stability (MSS) status. Patients and methods Patients who underwent surgery for colorectal adenocarcinoma were selected from the colorectal database of our institute and, on the basis of MSI status, assigned to a study group and a control group: group A, MSI-H; group B, MSS. Microsatellite status was investigated using the Bethesda recommended panel (BAT-26, BAT-25, D2S123, D5S346, D17S250). In MSI-H patients an additional analysis was made of the microsatellite loci D18S61 and D18S58, both mapping in the region containing the TS gene (18p11.2–11.32). Based on the number of altered microsatellites (≥2, 1, or 0), tumors were considered as having high (MSI-H) or low (MSI-L) instability or microsatellite stability (MSS), respectively. Genotyping for thymidylate synthase promoter polymorphism was carried out on constitutional and tumor DNA of each patient by PCR amplification of the polymorphic region. Results MSI-H was found in 55 patients (group A) and MSS in 50 patients (group B). In none of the MSI-H patients was microsatellite instability found in the additional D18S61 and D18S58 loci. In five group A and ten group B cases the analysis was not performed because constitutional DNA and/or tumoral DNA were not amplifiable. Homozygotes for the triple repeat variant (3R/3R) displayed only the large PCR product, homozygotes for the double repeat variant (2R/2R) displayed only the smaller PCR product, while heterozygotes (2R/3R) displayed both the larger and smaller PCR products. In 3/50 (6%) group A patients and 5/40 (12%) group B patients repeat variations were found in tumoral DNA. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that there is genetic homogeneity between constitutional and tumoral DNA but do not support the hypothesis that mismatch repair genes are involved in VNTR recombinant events in TS gene variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Agostini
- Second Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Padua, Padua - Italy
| | - S. Pucciarelli
- Second Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Padua, Padua - Italy
| | - P. Calandra
- Second Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Padua, Padua - Italy
| | - F. Villani
- Second Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Padua, Padua - Italy
| | - M. Lise
- Second Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Padua, Padua - Italy
| | - D. Nitti
- Second Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University of Padua, Padua - Italy
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Villani F, Schiattarella C, Polichetti T, Capua RD, Loffredo F, Alfano B, Miglietta ML, Massera E, Verdoliva L, Francia GD. Study of the correlation between sensing performance and surface morphology of inkjet-printed aqueous graphene-based chemiresistors for NO 2 detection. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2017; 8:1023-1031. [PMID: 28546896 PMCID: PMC5433170 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The extremely high sensitivity to the external environment and the high specific surface area, as well as the absence of bulk phenomena that could interfere with the response signal, make graphene highly attractive for the applications in the field of sensing. Among the various methods for producing graphene over large areas, liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) appears to be very promising, especially if combined with inkjet printing (IJP), which offers several advantages, including the selective and controlled deposition of small ink volumes and the versatility of the exploitable inks and substrates. Herein we present a feasibility study of chemiresistive gas sensors inkjet-printed onto paper substrates, in which a LPE graphene suspension dispersed in a water/isopropanol (H2O/IPA) mixture is used as sensing ink. The device performances, in terms of relative conductance variations, upon exposure to NO2 at standard ambient temperature and pressure, are analysed. In addition, we examine the effect of the substrate morphology and, more specifically, of the ink/substrate interaction on the device performances, by comparing the response of different chemiresistors fabricated by dispensing the same suspension also onto Al2O3 and Si/SiO2 substrates and carrying out a supportive atomic force microscopy analysis. The results prove the possibility to produce sensor devices by means of a wholly environmentally friendly, low-cost process that meets the requests coming from the increasing field of paper-based electronics and paving the way towards a flexible, green-by-design mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Villani
- ENEA - R.C. Portici, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, I-80055, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - C Schiattarella
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Pancini", Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Cintia, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - T Polichetti
- ENEA - R.C. Portici, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, I-80055, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - R Di Capua
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Pancini", Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Cintia, I-80126, Naples, Italy
- CNR-SPIN UOS Napoli, Via Cintia, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - F Loffredo
- ENEA - R.C. Portici, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, I-80055, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - B Alfano
- ENEA - R.C. Portici, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, I-80055, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - M L Miglietta
- ENEA - R.C. Portici, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, I-80055, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - E Massera
- ENEA - R.C. Portici, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, I-80055, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - L Verdoliva
- ENEA - R.C. Portici, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, I-80055, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - G Di Francia
- ENEA - R.C. Portici, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, I-80055, Portici (Naples), Italy
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Giovagnoli AR, Parente A, Didato G, Manfredi V, Deleo F, Tringali G, Villani F. The course of language functions after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: a prospective study. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:1713-1721. [PMID: 27529582 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) within the language-dominant hemisphere can impair naming. This prospective study examined the pre-operative to post-operative course of different language components, clarifying which changes are relevant within the short-term and long-term outcome of language. METHODS Patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) were evaluated using the Token, Boston Naming and Word Fluency tests assessing sentence comprehension and word-finding on visual, semantic or phonemic cues. RESULTS A total of 106 patients were evaluated before and 6 months, 1 and 2 years after ATL; 60 patients were also evaluated after 5 years and 38 controls were assessed at baseline. Seizure outcome was comparable between the left and right TLE patients. Before surgery, naming and word fluency were impaired in the left and right TLE patients, whereas sentence comprehension was normal. After left or right ATL, word fluency progressively improved, naming showed early worsening and late improvement after left ATL and progressive improvement after right ATL, and sentence comprehension did not change. At the 5-year follow-up, naming improvement was clinically significant in 31% and 71% of the left and right TLE patients, respectively. Pre-operative naming, ATL laterality, schooling, and post-operative seizure frequency and number of antiepileptic drugs predicted post-operative naming. Pre-operative word fluency and schooling predicted post-operative word fluency. CONCLUSIONS Left or right TLE can impair word-finding but not sentence comprehension. After ATL, word-finding may improve for a long time, depending on TLE laterality, seizure control and mental reserve. These findings may clarify prognosis prior to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Giovagnoli
- Unit of Neurology and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - A Parente
- Unit of Neurology and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - G Didato
- Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - V Manfredi
- Unit of Neurology and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - F Deleo
- Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - G Tringali
- Neurosurgery III, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - F Villani
- Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
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Grimaldi IA, Coppola S, Loffredo F, Villani F, Nenna G, Minarini C, Vespini V, Miccio L, Grilli S, Ferraro P. Graded-size microlens array by the pyro-electrohydrodynamic continuous printing method. Appl Opt 2013; 52:7699-7705. [PMID: 24216727 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.007699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the pyro-electrohydrodynamic technique was used for the realization of tunable-size microlens arrays. Poly(methyl methacrylate) dissolved in different solvent mixtures was used as the polymeric material for the realization of the microstructures. By controlling the experimental parameters and in particular, the volume of the drop reservoir, graded-size square arrays of tens of microlenses with focal length in the range 1.5-3 mm were produced. Moreover, the optical quality and geometrical features were investigated by profilometric and interferometric analysis.
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Rosazza C, Ghielmetti F, Minati L, Vitali P, Giovagnoli A, Deleo F, Didato G, Parente A, Marras C, Bruzzone M, D'Incerti L, Spreafico R, Villani F. Preoperative language lateralization in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) predicts peri-ictal, pre- and post-operative language performance: An fMRI study. Neuroimage Clin 2013; 3:73-83. [PMID: 24179851 PMCID: PMC3807502 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), assessment of language lateralization is important as anterior temporal lobectomy may lead to language impairments. Despite the widespread use of fMRI, evidence of its usefulness in predicting postsurgical language performance is scant. We investigated whether preoperative functional lateralization is related to the preoperative language performance, peri-ictal aphasia, and can predict language outcome one year post-surgery. We studied a total of 72 TLE patients (42 left, 30 right), by using three fMRI tasks: Naming, Verb Generation and Fluency. Functional lateralization indices were analyzed with neuropsychological scores and presence of peri-ictal aphasia. The key findings are:1)Both left and right TLE patients show decreased left lateralization compared to controls.2)Lateralization correlates with language performance before surgery. In left TLE, decreased left lateralization correlates with better fluency performance. In right TLE, increased left lateralization during the Naming task correlates with better naming.3)Left lateralization correlates with peri-ictal aphasia in left TLE patients.4)Lateralization correlates with language performance after surgery. In a subgroup of left TLE who underwent surgery (17 left), decreased left lateralization is predictive of better naming performance at 6 and 12 months after surgery. The present study highlights the clinical relevance of fMRI language lateralization in TLE, especially to predict language outcome one year post-surgery. We also underline the importance of using fMRI tasks eliciting frontal and anterior temporal activations, when studying left and right TLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Rosazza
- Neuroradiology Dept., Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
- Scientific Dept., Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
| | - F. Ghielmetti
- Neuroradiology Dept., Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
- Health Dept., Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
| | - L. Minati
- Scientific Dept., Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
| | - P. Vitali
- Brain MRI 3T Mondino Research Center, Istituto Neurologico “C. Mondino”, Pavia, Italy
| | - A.R. Giovagnoli
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
| | - F. Deleo
- Division of Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
| | - G. Didato
- Division of Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
| | - A. Parente
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
| | - C. Marras
- Neurosurgery Dept., Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
- Dept. of Neuroscience Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - M.G. Bruzzone
- Neuroradiology Dept., Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
| | - L. D'Incerti
- Neuroradiology Dept., Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
| | - R. Spreafico
- Division of Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
| | - F. Villani
- Division of Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, Milano, Italy
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Vaienti L, Merle M, Battiston B, Villani F, Gazzola R. Perineural fat grafting in the treatment of painful end-neuromas of the upper limb: a pilot study. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2013; 38:36-42. [PMID: 22415427 DOI: 10.1177/1753193412441122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and middle-term durability of the results achieved with perineural fat grafting of painful neuromas of the upper limb. We retrospectively analysed eight patients, affected by eight neuromas, treated by neuroma excision and fat grafting around the proximal nerve stump. Clinical parameters, the disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand score, and the visual analogue scale were recorded at 2, 6 and 12 months after surgery. A reduction of 23.2% was observed in the mean disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand scores at 12 months. The spontaneous baseline visual analogue scale score showed a mean improvement of 22% at 12 months, although not this was not statistically significant. Perineural fat grafting is a quick and useful procedure and could represent a useful primary operation in the treatment of pain syndromes of neuropatic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vaienti
- Plastic Surgery Department Università degli Studi di Milano, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.
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Grimaldi IA, Coppola S, Loffredo F, Villani F, Minarini C, Vespini V, Miccio L, Grilli S, Ferraro P. Printing of polymer microlenses by a pyroelectrohydrodynamic dispensing approach. Opt Lett 2012; 37:2460-2462. [PMID: 22743421 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.002460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of a method for fabricating microlenses by a nozzle-free inkjet printing approach is reported. The new method, based on a pyroelectrohydrodynamic mechanism, is also able to dispense viscous liquids and to draw liquid phase drops directly from the reservoir. Specifically, by dispensing optical grade polymer dissolved in different solvent mixtures, microlenses were printed with a pattern defined directly through this deposition method. The reliability of the microlenses and the tunability of their focal properties were demonstrated through profilometric and inteferometric analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Grimaldi
- ENEA—Portici Research Center, piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
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Merle M, Villani F, Lallemand B, Vaienti L. Proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty with silicone implants (NeuFlex) by a lateral approach: a series of 51 cases. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2012; 37:50-5. [PMID: 21724684 DOI: 10.1177/1753193411413851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess outcomes of a lateral surgical approach for proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty with NeuFlex(®) silicone implants for primary degenerative osteoarthritis. We reviewed 51 arthroplasties performed on 43 patients. The mean follow up period was 36 months (range 18-42). The average preoperative range of motion (ROM) was 38°. The average postoperative ROM was 63°. In 21/51 (41%) cases, there was an average axial deviation of 17° (range 10-30°). VAS and Quick DASH scores improved. In 5/51 (10%) cases, further surgery was required. Our lateral approach seems to be effective and minimally invasive, providing adequate exposure. Contralateral incision and contralateral ligament reinforcement should be performed, whenever necessary, to improve lateral stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Merle
- Institut Européen de la Main, Hopital Kirchberg, Rue Edward Steichen, Luxembourg.
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Torrieri E, Russo F, Di Monaco R, Cavella S, Villani F, Masi F. Shelf life prediction of fresh Italian pork sausage modified atmosphere packed. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2011; 17:223-32. [PMID: 21693619 DOI: 10.1177/1082013210382328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The shelf life of fresh Italian pork sausages packed in modified atmosphere was studied. Samples were packed using different levels of oxygen (high and low) with different levels of carbon dioxide (high-low) in the atmospheres headspace and were stored at 4 °C for 9 days. Microbial, physiochemical and sensory parameters were analyzed during storage. A consumer test was performed to determine the critical acceptability levels. Sensory data were mathematically modelled to estimate product shelf life. A first-order kinetic model and a Weibull-type model aptly described, respectively, the changes in fresh pork sausage odor and color over storage time. These models may be used to predict the sensory shelf life of fresh pork sausage. Results showed that 20% O(2) and 70% CO(2) extend fresh pork sausage shelf life to 9 days at 4 °C. The microbial quality of the samples at the critical sensory level of acceptability was within the range of microbial acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Torrieri
- Department of Food Science, University of Naples Federico, 80055 Portici, Italy.
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Loffredo F, Grimaldi IA, De Girolamo Del Mauro A, Villani F, Bizzarro V, Nenna G, D'Amato R, Minarini C. Polyethylenimine/N-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticle based inks for ink-jet printing applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Grimaldi IA, De Girolamo Del Mauro A, Nenna G, Loffredo F, Minarini C, Villani F. Microstructuring of polymer films by inkjet etching. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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De Girolamo Del Mauro A, Grimaldi IA, Loffredo F, Massera E, Polichetti T, Villani F, Di Francia G. Geometry of the inkjet-printed sensing layer for a better volatile organic compound sensor response. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Garbelli R, Zucca I, Milesi G, Mastropietro A, D'Incerti L, Tassi L, Colombo N, Marras C, Villani F, Minati L, Spreafico R. Combined 7-T MRI and histopathologic study of normal and dysplastic samples from patients with TLE. Neurology 2011; 76:1177-85. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318212aae1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Pennacchia C, Ercolini D, Villani F. Spoilage-related microbiota associated with chilled beef stored in air or vacuum pack. Food Microbiol 2011; 28:84-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pepe O, Sannino L, Palomba S, Anastasio M, Blaiotta G, Villani F, Moschetti G. Heterotrophic microorganisms in deteriorated medieval wall paintings in southern Italian churches. Microbiol Res 2010; 165:21-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Villani F, Choughri H, Pelissier P. Intérêt de la greffe de peau dans la prévention des récidives de la maladie de Dupuytren. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 28:349-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.main.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pennacchia C, Blaiotta G, Pepe O, Villani F. Isolation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains from different food matrices and their preliminary selection for a potential use as probiotics. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 105:1919-28. [PMID: 19120638 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate acid- and bile-resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains directly from food samples and to preliminarily select them on the basis of fundamental probiotic properties. METHODS AND RESULTS A rapid screening method allowed the isolation and selection of 20 acid- and bile-resistant yeasts from foods, avoiding time-consuming isolation steps. The strains were characterized for their specific survival in simulated gastric juice and in intestinal fluid after pre-exposure at low pH. Ten isolates demonstrated a satisfactory survival percentage in intestinal fluid after pre-exposure to gastric juice and appreciable lipolytic and proteolytic properties, as demonstrated by the API-ZYM test. By using molecular methods five strains were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, three as Candida spp., one as Candida pararugosa and one as Pichia spp. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains showed considerable probiotic properties, achieving a 80< % <90 survival through the simulated gastrointestinal tract, as well as interesting glucosidase activities. CONCLUSIONS The research represents an efficient strategy to select and identify Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with desirable acid and bile resistances. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This paper reports the direct selection of potentially probiotic yeasts from foods and provides indications about the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to survive conditions simulating the human gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pennacchia
- Dipartimento di Scienza degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
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Vitali P, Ghielmetti F, D'Incerti FL, Maccagnano C, Rosazza C, Giovagnoli AR, Marras C, Dylgieri S, Deleo F, Spreafico R, Bruzzone MG, Villani F. Presurgical assessment of language lateralization in temporal lobe during word fluency and response naming tasks. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Rosazza C, Minati L, Ghielmetti F, Maccagnano E, Erbetta A, Villani F, Epifani F, Spreafico R, Bruzzone MG. Engagement of the medial temporal lobe in verbal and nonverbal memory: assessment with functional MR imaging in healthy subjects. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:1134-41. [PMID: 19357387 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus have a central role in the acquisition of new memories. Although functional MR imaging (fMRI) can provide information on the functional status of these brain regions, it has not reached widespread use in the presurgical assessment of patients undergoing temporal lobectomy. We aimed to evaluate whether simple memory-encoding paradigms could be used to elicit robust activations in the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus and to determine the lateralization of verbal and nonverbal memory. We also studied the relative contribution of the anterior and posterior portions of these structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted this study on 16 healthy subjects by performing event-related fMRI using 3 memory encoding tasks with words, objects, and faces. In addition to a second-level group analysis, region-of-interest (ROI)-based measurements of the signal intensity percent change and of the percentage of activated voxels, determined at 2 thresholds, were performed. ROIs were drawn on the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, divided into anterior and posterior segments. RESULTS We found overall left-lateralized activation with words, bilateral activation with objects, and right-lateralized activation with faces. In particular, significant hippocampal activations were observed with all 3 categories of stimuli, and the head of the hippocampus was generally more engaged than its body and tail. Data on the signal intensity percent change and percentage of activated voxels are provided for each ROI and task. CONCLUSIONS The combination of these 3 undemanding memory tasks could be considered, following appropriate validation, as a tool to assess the functional status of the medial temporal lobe in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rosazza
- Scientific Department, Division of Clinical Epileptology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
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Villani F, Busia A, Villani M, Laffranchi A, Viviani S, Bonfante V. Cardiopulmonary response to exercise in patients with different degrees of lung toxicity after radio-chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Anticancer Res 2009; 29:777-783. [PMID: 19331235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The combination of mediastinal radiotherapy (RT) and polychemotherapy (CT) regimens can produce late toxic pulmonary and cardiac effects which often remain at the subclinical level. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cardiopulmonary response to exercise in this kind of patient. Therefore, 126 patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease were investigated after a follow-up of at least 5 years from the completion of the combined treatment. Sixty-two patients had been submitted to ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine)-RT, 40 to ABVD-MOPP (mechloretamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone)-RT and 24 to VEBEP (vincristine, epidoxorubicin, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, prednisone)-RT. The patients were divided into three groups on the basis of respiratory function: group 1 (67 patients), normal spirometry and lung transfer function for carbon monoxide (DLCO); group 2 (52 patients), normal spirometry and DLCO less than 80% of predicted; and group 3 (7 patients), total lung capacity and DLCO less than 80% of predicted. The patients were submitted to respiratory function evaluation and 2D-echocardiography before exercise, and to the determination of cardiac output by the acetylene rebreathing method before and during symptom-limited exercise on a cycloergometer using an incremental protocol. The patients of group 3 and to a lesser extent the patients of group 2 showed, in comparison to patients of group 1, a lower tolerance to exercise, a lower oxygen consumption, a higher respiratory rate, a lower O2 pulse and a lower cardiac output per oxygen uptake. These data indicated an abnormal exercise physiology in the patients with persistent pulmonary impairment, especially when the reduction of DLCO was associated with a decrease of total lung capacity. The lower exercise capacity seems to be due to a combination of decreased cardiac performance and an impairment of gas diffusion capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Villani
- U.O. Pneumologia e Fisiopatologia Respiratoria, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.
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Villani F, Caviggioli F, Banzatti B, Bandi V, Maione L. Correlation between complication rate and perioperative risk-factors in superior pedicle reduction mammaplasty: our experience in 127 patients. Acta Chir Plast 2009; 51:65-68. [PMID: 20514889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Reduction mammaplasty, one of the most common plastic surgery procedures, has been shown to confer significant sustained health benefits for patients with symptomatic breast enlargement providing a remedy for back, neck, and shoulder pain. Unfortunately, operations of breast reduction may lead to patient dissatisfaction for poor aesthetic outcome due to complications. Complications, including infection, hematoma, seroma, dehiscence, fat necrosis, and skin loss, may occur in as many as 50% of patients. Unacceptable scarring has also been reported. Complication data revealed several significant features, although there isn't much objective evidence to support that. Over the period 2004-2008, 127 consecutive patients were admitted for breast reduction surgery, data have been analyzed retrospectively to determine whether any correlation could be found between complication rate and perioperative risk-factors using a multifactorial ANOVA F-test. Analysis of variables associated with complications showed that, after adjusting for age and smoking status, only BMI was associated with any complication (p < 0.05). By power analysis, based on a comparison of three proportions, a power of 92% with a significance level of 0.05 was found for the hypothesis that the outcomes of the procedures depends on BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Villani
- Cattedra di Chirurgia Plastica, Università degli Studi di Milano--Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Plastica 2, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano Milano, Italy
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