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Encerrado-Manriquez AM, Pouv AK, Fine JD, Nicklisch SCT. Enhancing knowledge of chemical exposures and fate in honey bee hives: Insights from colony structure and interactions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170193. [PMID: 38278225 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Honey bees are unintentionally exposed to a wide range of chemicals through various routes in their natural environment, yet research on the cumulative effects of multi-chemical and sublethal exposures on important caste members, including the queen bee and brood, is still in its infancy. The hive's social structure and food-sharing (trophallaxis) practices are important aspects to consider when identifying primary and secondary exposure pathways for residential hive members and possible chemical reservoirs within the colony. Secondary exposures may also occur through chemical transfer (maternal offloading) to the brood and by contact through possible chemical diffusion from wax cells to all hive members. The lack of research on peer-to-peer exposures to contaminants and their metabolites may be in part due to the limitations in sensitive analytical techniques for monitoring chemical fate and dispersion. Combined application of automated honey bee monitoring and modern chemical trace analysis techniques could offer rapid progress in quantifying chemical transfer and accumulation within the hive environment and developing effective mitigation strategies for toxic chemical co-exposures. To enhance the understanding of chemical fate and toxicity within the entire colony, it is crucial to consider both the intricate interactions among hive members and the potential synergistic effects arising from combinations of chemical and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amara K Pouv
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Fisheries, Animal, and Veterinary Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Julia D Fine
- Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 3026 Bee Biology Rd., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sascha C T Nicklisch
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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2
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Urbaneja-Bernat P, Tena A, González-Cabrera J, Rodriguez-Saona C. An insect's energy bar: the potential role of plant guttation on biological control. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 61:101140. [PMID: 37939848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant guttation is an exudation fluid composed of xylem and phloem sap secreted at the margins of leaves of many agricultural crops. Although plant guttation is a widespread phenomenon, its effect on natural enemies remains largely unexplored. A recent study showed that plant guttation can be a reliable nutrient-rich food source for natural enemies, affecting their communities in highbush blueberries. This review highlights the potential role of plant guttation as a food source for natural enemies, with a particular emphasis on its nutritional value, effects on insect communities, and potential use in conservation biological control. We also discuss possible negative implications and conclude with some open questions and future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Tena
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joel González-Cabrera
- Universitat de València, Institute BIOTECMED Department of Genetics, Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Straw EA, Stanley DA. Weak evidence base for bee protective pesticide mitigation measures. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1604-1612. [PMID: 37458300 PMCID: PMC10564266 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides help produce food for humanity's growing population, yet they have negative impacts on the environment. Limiting these impacts, while maintaining food supply, is a crucial challenge for modern agriculture. Mitigation measures are actions taken by pesticide users, which modify the risk of the application to nontarget organisms, such as bees. Through these, the impacts of pesticides can be reduced, with minimal impacts on the efficacy of the pesticide. Here we collate the scientific evidence behind mitigation measures designed to reduce pesticide impacts on bees using a systematic review methodology. We included all publications which tested the effects of any pesticide mitigation measure (using a very loose definition) on bees, at any scale (from individual through to population level), so long as they presented evidence on the efficacy of the measure. We found 34 publications with direct evidence on the topic, covering a range of available mitigation measures. No currently used mitigation measures were thoroughly tested, and some entirely lacked empirical support, showing a weak evidence base for current recommendations and policy. We found mitigation measure research predominantly focuses on managed bees, potentially failing to protect wild bees. We also found that label-recommended mitigation measures, which are the mitigation measures most often applied, specifically are seldom tested empirically. Ultimately, we recommend that more, and stronger, scientific evidence is required to justify existing mitigation measures to help reduce the impacts of pesticides on bees while maintaining crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Straw
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dara A Stanley
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Using Pop-GUIDE to Assess the Applicability of MCnest for Relative Risk of Pesticides to Hummingbirds. ECOLOGIES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ecologies4010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Hummingbirds are charismatic fauna that provide important pollination services, including in the continental US, where 15 species regularly breed. Compared to other birds in North America, hummingbirds (family Trochilidae) have a unique exposure route to pesticides because they forage on nectar. Therefore, hummingbirds may be exposed to systemic pesticides borne in nectar. They also may be particularly vulnerable to pesticide exposure due to their small size and extreme metabolic demands. We review relevant factors including hummingbird life history, nectar residue uptake, and avian bioenergetic considerations with the goal of clearly identifying and articulating the specific modeling challenges that must be overcome to develop and/or adapt existing modeling approaches. To help evaluate these factors, we developed a dataset for ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris) and other avian species potentially exposed to pesticides. We used the systemic neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid as an illustration and compared results to five other common current use pesticides. We use the structure of Pop-GUIDE to provide a conceptual modeling framework for implementation of MCnest and to compile parameter values and relevant algorithms to predict the effects of pesticide exposure on avian pollinators. Conservative screening assessments suggest the potential for adverse effects from imidacloprid, as do more refined assessments, though many important limitations and uncertainties remain. Our review found many areas in which current USEPA avian models must be improved in order to conduct a full higher-tier risk assessment for avian pollinators exposed to neonicotinoid insecticides, including addition of models suitable for soil and seed treatments within the MCnest environment, ability to include empirical residue data in both nectar and invertebrates rather than relying on existing nomograms, expansion of MCnest to a full annual cycle, and increased representation of spatial heterogeneity. Although this work focuses on hummingbirds, the methods and recommendations may apply more widely to other vertebrate pollinators.
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Giorio C, Safer A, Sánchez-Bayo F, Tapparo A, Lentola A, Girolami V, van Lexmond MB, Bonmatin JM. An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides. Part 1: new molecules, metabolism, fate, and transport. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11716-11748. [PMID: 29105037 PMCID: PMC7920890 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the exponential number of published data on neonicotinoids and fipronil during the last decade, an updated review of literature has been conducted in three parts. The present part focuses on gaps of knowledge that have been addressed after publication of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides in 2015. More specifically, new data on the mode of action and metabolism of neonicotinoids and fipronil, and their toxicity to invertebrates and vertebrates, were obtained. We included the newly detected synergistic effects and/or interactions of these systemic insecticides with other insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, adjuvants, honeybee viruses, and parasites of honeybees. New studies have also investigated the contamination of all environmental compartments (air and dust, soil, water, sediments, and plants) as well as bees and apicultural products, food and beverages, and the exposure of invertebrates and vertebrates to such contaminants. Finally, we review new publications on remediation of neonicotinoids and fipronil, especially in water systems. Conclusions of the previous WIA in 2015 are reinforced; neonicotinoids and fipronil represent a major threat worldwide for biodiversity, ecosystems, and all the services the latter provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- Laboratoire Chimie de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Anton Safer
- Institute of Public Health, Ruprecht-Karls-University, INF324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Bayo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 1 Central Avenue, Eveleigh, NSW, 2015, Australia
| | - Andrea Tapparo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Lentola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Girolami
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Jean-Marc Bonmatin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, France.
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Zioga E, Kelly R, White B, Stout JC. Plant protection product residues in plant pollen and nectar: A review of current knowledge. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109873. [PMID: 32795671 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to Plant Protection Products, PPPs, (fungicides, herbicides and insecticides) is a significant stressor for bees and other pollinators, and has recently been the focus of intensive debate and research. Specifically, exposure through contaminated pollen and nectar is considered pivotal, as it presents the highest risk of PPP exposure across all bee species. However, the actual risk that multiple PPP residues might pose to non-target species is difficult to assess due to the lack of clear evidence of their actual concentrations. To consolidate the existing knowledge of field-realistic residues detected in pollen and nectar directly collected from plants, we performed a systematic literature review of studies over the past 50 years (1968-2018). We found that pollen was the matrix most frequently evaluated and, of the compounds investigated, the majority were detected in pollen samples. Although the overall most studied category of PPPs were the neonicotinoid insecticides, the compounds with the highest median concentrations of residues in pollen were: the broad spectrum carbamate carbofuran (1400 ng/g), the fungicide and nematicide iprodione (524 ng/g), and the organophosphate insecticide dimethoate (500 ng/g). In nectar, the highest median concentration of PPP residues detected were dimethoate (1595 ng/g), chlorothalonil (76 ng/g), and the insecticide phorate (53.5 ng/g). Strong positive correlation was observed between neonicotinoid residues in pollen and nectar of cultivated plant species. The maximum concentrations of several compounds detected in nectar and pollen were estimated to exceed the LD50s for honey bees, bumble bees and four solitary bee species, by several orders of magnitude. However, there is a paucity of information for the biggest part of the world and there is an urgent need to expand the range of compounds evaluated in PPP studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zioga
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Ruth Kelly
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Blánaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences, DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jane C Stout
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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7
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Urbaneja-Bernat P, Tena A, González-Cabrera J, Rodriguez-Saona C. Plant guttation provides nutrient-rich food for insects. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201080. [PMID: 32933440 PMCID: PMC7542811 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant guttation is a fluid from xylem and phloem sap secreted at the margins of leaves from many plant species. All previous studies have considered guttation as a water source for insects. Here, we hypothesized that plant guttation serves as a reliable and nutrient-rich food source for insects with effects on their communities. Using highbush blueberries as a study system, we demonstrate that guttation droplets contain carbohydrates and proteins. Insects from three feeding lifestyles, a herbivore, a parasitic wasp and a predator, increased their longevity and fecundity when fed on these guttation droplets compared to those fed on control water. Our results also show that guttation droplets, unlike nectar, are present on leaves during the entire growing season and are visited by numerous insects of different orders. In exclusion-field experiments, the presence of guttation modified the insect community by increasing the number of predators and parasitic wasps that visited the plants. Overall, our results demonstrate that plant guttation is highly reliable, compared to other plant-derived food sources such as nectar, and that it increases the communities and fitness of insects. Therefore, guttation represents an important plant trait with profound implications on multi-trophic insect–plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Urbaneja-Bernat
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, P.E. Marucci Center, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, NJ, USA
| | - Alejandro Tena
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joel González-Cabrera
- Department of Genetics, ERI-BIOTECMED, Unidad Mixta Gestión Biotecnológica de Plagas UV-IVIA, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, P.E. Marucci Center, 125A Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, NJ, USA
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8
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Mörtl M, Takács E, Klátyik S, Székács A. Appearance of Thiacloprid in the Guttation Liquid of Coated Maize Seeds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3290. [PMID: 32397272 PMCID: PMC7246591 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thiacloprid (TCL) uptake by maize plants that emerge from coated seeds has been investigated and characterized via measurements of the compound in the guttation liquid. TCL levels were determined in the guttation liquid: (a) under field and semi-field conditions, (b) for different maize varieties, (c) applying different dosages, and (d) as affected by cross-contamination between maize seeds via soil. Cross-contamination was described by uptake interactions between seeds coated with TCL and neighboring seeds not coated or coated with other neonicotinoids, e.g., either thiamethoxam (TMX) or clothianidin (CLO). TCL levels remained under 100 µg/mL in the guttation liquid under field conditions, and were quantifiable even on the 39th day after planting of coated seeds. Higher levels up to 188.6 µg/mL were detected in plants grown under semi-field conditions in pots. Levels in the guttation liquid were also found to be influenced by the applied dosages. The uptake of TCL was found to vary for different maize varieties. Appearance of TCL as a cross-contaminant in the guttation liquid of neighboring plants emerging from non-coated maize seeds indicates translocation of the compound via soil. Peak levels of TCL cross-contamination were found to be lower (43.6 µg/mL) than the corresponding levels in the parent maize plants emerging from coated seeds (107.5 µg/mL), but values converge to each other. Similar trends were observed with neighboring seeds coated with other neonicotinoids (TMX or CLO). The translocation rate of TCL and its uptake by other plants seem to be lower than that of TMX or CLO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Mörtl
- Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H−1022 Budapest, Hungary; (E.T.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
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Coy RM, Held DW, Kloepper JW. Rhizobacterial treatments of tall fescue and bermudagrass increases tolerance to damage from white grubs. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:3210-3217. [PMID: 30957395 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inoculation of hybrid bermudagrass with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can increase plant growth and influence relationships with above-ground herbivores like fall armyworms. However, few experiments have evaluated PGPR applications relative to root herbivory. Root-feeding white grubs cause severe damage to grasses, especially in tall fescue pastures, golf courses, and lawns. Since bacterial inoculants enhance root growth, the goal of this study was to determine if the inoculation of hybrid bermudagrass by rhizobacteria can increase the tolerance of tall fescue and hybrid bermudagrass to damage from white grub feeding, and if PGPR are compatible with neonicotinoid insecticides commonly used for white grub control. RESULTS In trials with tall fescue and hybrid bermudagrass, grasses were treated with the PGPR strain mixture Blend 20 or nitrogen or left non-treated and were then infested with Japanese beetle grubs. Grasses treated with PGPR and nitrogen fertilizer produced significantly more top growth than the non-treated grub-infested controls. Tall fescue and hybrid bermudagrass treated with Blend 20 produced root mass similar to or greater than nitrogen fertilized grasses. Both grasses treated with Blend 20 had greater root mass than non-treated infested grass. No treatment negatively impacted grub survival, and weight gains of grubs were similar for all treatments. Bacterial strains were typically compatible with insecticides used to control white grubs. CONCLUSION PGPR and nitrogen fertilization stimulate root growth resulting in tolerance of tall fescue and hybrid bermudagrass to white grub infestation. PGPR, acting as biostimulants to increase root biomass on grasses, may have utility for IPM of root herbivores. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Murphey Coy
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, Alabama
| | - David W Held
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Joseph W Kloepper
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, CASIC, Auburn, Alabama
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10
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Pflugmacher S, Sulk A, Kim S, Esterhuizen-Londt M. Translocation of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR into guttation drops of Triticum aestivum and remaining toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:61-67. [PMID: 31302403 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of the commonly occurring cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR) into crop plants via spray irrigation has been demonstrated. As other hazardous compounds such as pesticides were shown to be transported within plants, it was essential to understand the transport and fate of MC-LR in plants and the risks posed to grazers and other consumers. Of specific interest was to investigate if MC-LR could be detected in guttation drops and the toxicity thereof. Triticum aestivum (wheat) seedlings were exposed to 100 μg L-1 MC-LR in two separate experiments during which guttation drops were collected at various time points. The plants of one experiment were sectioned to investigate MC-LR distribution to the various plant appendages via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. After exposure, MC-LR could be detected in the roots, stems, leaves, and the guttation drops. However, the guttation drops were not toxic to Daphnia. As the environmentally relevant toxin concentration used was not sufficient to promote mortality in Daphnia, the physiological effect in insects, which rely on guttation drops as a water source, remains unknown. Combined with other contaminants that insects may be exposed to, the additional MC-LR exposure could contribute to the overall toxicity through the "tears of death".
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Pflugmacher
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Aquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST Europe) Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Universität des Saarlandes Campus E7 1, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability (HELSUS), Fabianinkatu 33, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Amalia Sulk
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Aquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST Europe) Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Universität des Saarlandes Campus E7 1, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Sanghun Kim
- Kyung-sung University, Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 309, Suyeong-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48434, Korea
| | - Maranda Esterhuizen-Londt
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Aquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST Europe) Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Universität des Saarlandes Campus E7 1, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability (HELSUS), Fabianinkatu 33, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Mörtl M, Darvas B, Vehovszky Á, Győri J, Székács A. Contamination of the guttation liquid of two common weeds with neonicotinoids from coated maize seeds planted in close proximity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:1137-1143. [PMID: 30308885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid uptake by maize plants emerged from coated seeds and by two common weeds grown in close proximity to coated seeds has been studied. Uptake of thiamethoxam (TMX) and clothianidin (CLO) have been characterized via guttation liquid measurements. The creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), a well-known maize weed, as well as red poppy or Flanders poppy (Papaver rhoeas) were chosen as model species. The results confirmed that cross-contamination may occur by uptake of the neonicotinoid AIs through soil from neighbouring plants that emerged from coated seeds. Although the levels of these neonicotinoids were substantially lower in the guttation liquid of the weeds than in that of maize plants emerged from coated seeds, the compounds were detected up to 36th day after planting of the maize seeds. The highest peak concentrations of TMX were around 150 and 21 mg L-1, while similar data for CLO were around 70 and 21 mg L-1 for maize and creeping thistle, respectively. Mostly due to its higher guttation intensity significantly lower values were determined for red poppy (0.740 mg L-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Mörtl
- Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman O. u. 15, Hungary.
| | - Béla Darvas
- Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman O. u. 15, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes Vehovszky
- Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-8237 Tihany, POB 35, Hungary.
| | - János Győri
- Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-8237 Tihany, POB 35, Hungary.
| | - András Székács
- Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman O. u. 15, Hungary.
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12
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Mogren CL, Lundgren JG. Neonicotinoid-contaminated pollinator strips adjacent to cropland reduce honey bee nutritional status. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29608. [PMID: 27412495 PMCID: PMC4944152 DOI: 10.1038/srep29608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide pollinator declines are attributed to a number of factors, including pesticide exposures. Neonicotinoid insecticides specifically have been detected in surface waters, non-target vegetation, and bee products, but the risks posed by environmental exposures are still not well understood. Pollinator strips were tested for clothianidin contamination in plant tissues, and the risks to honey bees assessed. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) quantified clothianidin in leaf, nectar, honey, and bee bread at organic and seed-treated farms. Total glycogen, lipids, and protein from honey bee workers were quantified. The proportion of plants testing positive for clothianidin were the same between treatments. Leaf tissue and honey had similar concentrations of clothianidin between organic and seed-treated farms. Honey (mean±SE: 6.61 ± 0.88 ppb clothianidin per hive) had seven times greater concentrations than nectar collected by bees (0.94 ± 0.09 ppb). Bee bread collected from organic sites (25.8 ± 3.0 ppb) had significantly less clothianidin than those at seed treated locations (41.6 ± 2.9 ppb). Increasing concentrations of clothianidin in bee bread were correlated with decreased glycogen, lipid, and protein in workers. This study shows that small, isolated areas set aside for conservation do not provide spatial or temporal relief from neonicotinoid exposures in agricultural regions where their use is largely prophylactic.
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Lundin O, Rundlöf M, Smith HG, Fries I, Bommarco R. Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Their Impacts on Bees: A Systematic Review of Research Approaches and Identification of Knowledge Gaps. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136928. [PMID: 26313444 PMCID: PMC4552548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that the widespread use of neonicotinoid insecticides threatens bees, but research on this topic has been surrounded by controversy. In order to synthesize which research approaches have been used to examine the effect of neonicotinoids on bees and to identify knowledge gaps, we systematically reviewed research on this subject that was available on the Web of Science and PubMed in June 2015. Most of the 216 primary research studies were conducted in Europe or North America (82%), involved the neonicotinoid imidacloprid (78%), and concerned the western honey bee Apis mellifera (75%). Thus, little seems to be known about neonicotinoids and bees in areas outside Europe and North America. Furthermore, because there is considerable variation in ecological traits among bee taxa, studies on honey bees are not likely to fully predict impacts of neonicotinoids on other species. Studies on crops were dominated by seed-treated maize, oilseed rape (canola) and sunflower, whereas less is known about potential side effects on bees from the use of other application methods on insect pollinated fruit and vegetable crops, or on lawns and ornamental plants. Laboratory approaches were most common, and we suggest that their capability to infer real-world consequences are improved when combined with information from field studies about realistic exposures to neonicotinoids. Studies using field approaches often examined only bee exposure to neonicotinoids and more field studies are needed that measure impacts of exposure. Most studies measured effects on individual bees. We suggest that effects on the individual bee should be linked to both mechanisms at the sub-individual level and also to the consequences for the colony and wider bee populations. As bees are increasingly facing multiple interacting pressures future research needs to clarify the role of neonicotinoids in relative to other drivers of bee declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Lundin
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- University of California, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Davis, California 95616, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Lund University, Department of Biology, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik G. Smith
- Lund University, Department of Biology, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Lund University, Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Fries
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Ansoar-Rodríguez Y, Christofoletti CA, Marcato AC, Correia JE, Bueno OC, Malaspina O, Fontanetti CS. Genotoxic Potential of the Insecticide Imidacloprid in a Non-Target Organism (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>-Pisces). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2015.612118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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