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Lourenço R, Cesar R, Koifman G, Teixeira M, Santos D, Polivanov H, Alexandre K, Carneiro M, da Silva LID, Pereira MMSC, Castilhos Z. Land disposal of dredged sediments from an urbanized tropical lagoon: toxicity to soil fauna. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s10646-024-02757-9. [PMID: 38733499 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Urban tropical lagoons are commonly impacted by silting, domestic sewage and industrial wastes and the dredging of their sediments is often required to minimize environmental impacts. However, the ecological implications of land disposal of dredged sediments are still poorly investigated in the tropics. Aiming to contribute to filling this gap, an ecotoxicological evaluation was conducted with dredged sediments from Tijuca Lagoon (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) using different lines of evidence, including soil and sediment characterization, metal determination, and acute and avoidance bioassays with Eisenia andrei. Two different dredged sediment samples, a sandy sediment and another muddy one, were obtained in two distinct and spatially representative sectors of the Tijuca Lagoon. The sediments were mixed with an artificial soil, Ferralsol and Spodosol to obtain doses between 0 (pure soil) and 12%. The sediment dose that caused mortality (LC50) or avoidance responses (EC50) to 50% of the organisms was estimated through PriProbit analysis. Metal concentrations and toxicity levels were higher in the muddy sediment (artificial soil LC50 = 3.84%; Ferralsol LC50 = 4.58%; Spodosol LC50 = 2.85%) compared to the sandy one (artificial soil LC50 = 10.94%; Ferralsol LC50 = 14.36%; Spodosol LC50 = 10.38%), since fine grains tend to adsorb more organic matter and contaminants. Mortality and avoidance responses were the highest in Spodosol due to its extremely sandy texture (98% of sand). Metal concentrations in surviving earthworms were generally low, except sodium whose bioaccumulation was high. Finally, the toxicity is probably linked to marine salts, and the earthworms seem to accumulate water in excess to maintain osmotic equilibrium, increasing their biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Lourenço
- Department of Geography, CCMN-Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 274 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cesar
- Department of Geography, CCMN-Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 274 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Department of Geology, CCMN-Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 274 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Koifman
- Department of Geography, CCMN-Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 274 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Geochemistry, Fluminense Federal University, UFF, Outeiro São João Baptista, s/n. Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus Teixeira
- Department of Geography, CCMN-Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 274 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Geochemistry, Fluminense Federal University, UFF, Outeiro São João Baptista, s/n. Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Domynique Santos
- Department of Geography, CCMN-Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 274 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Helena Polivanov
- Department of Geology, CCMN-Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 274 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Katia Alexandre
- Centre for Mineral Technology, CETEM/MCTI, Av. Pedro Calmon, 900. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Manuel Carneiro
- Centre for Mineral Technology, CETEM/MCTI, Av. Pedro Calmon, 900. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lilian Irene Dias da Silva
- Centre for Mineral Technology, CETEM/MCTI, Av. Pedro Calmon, 900. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Zuleica Castilhos
- Centre for Mineral Technology, CETEM/MCTI, Av. Pedro Calmon, 900. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Dzul-Caamal R, Vega-López A, Osten JRV. Integrated evaluation of the biological response of the earthworm Eisenia fetida using two glyphosate exposure strategies: soil enriched and soils collected from crops in Southeastern Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:32152-32167. [PMID: 38648003 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Under laboratory conditions, the toxicological effects of pesticides tend to be less variable and realistic than under field conditions, limiting their usefulness in environmental risk assessment. In the current study, the earthworm Eisenia fetida was selected as a bioindicator for assessing glyphosate toxic effects in two different trials to solve this dilemma. In Trial 1, the worms were exposed for 7 and 14 days to concentrations of a commercial glyphosate formulation (1 to 500 mg a.i. kg-1) currently used in the field. In Trial 2, the worms were kept in nine soils collected from different plots with crops for 14 days of exposure. In both experiments, glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities and contents of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were evaluated. In T1, the glyphosate formulation produced a 40% inhibition of AChE activity and a significant increase in GST, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities and LPO contents in E. fetida on day 7. In T2, higher concentrations of glyphosate were detected in the soils of soybean, papaya, and corn (0.92, 0.87, and 0.85 mg kg-1), which induced a positive correlation between the levels of glyphosate residues with GST, SOD, CAT, GPx, and LPO and a negative correlation with AChE. These findings indicate that crop soils polluted with glyphosate elicited higher oxidative stress than under laboratory conditions, confirmed by IBRv2, PCA, and AHC analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Dzul-Caamal
- Instituto EPOMEX, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Héroe de Nacozari No. 480, 24070. San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, México
| | - Armando Vega-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental. Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/N, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, 07320, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Jaime Rendón-von Osten
- Instituto EPOMEX, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Av. Héroe de Nacozari No. 480, 24070. San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, México.
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Guerra-Camacho MÁ, Magaña-Tzuc MC, Vargas-Díaz AA, Silva-Rojas HV, Gamboa-Angulo M. [Identification and antifungal activity of halophilic bacteria isolated from saline soils in Campeche, México]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2024:S0325-7541(24)00023-3. [PMID: 38614909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides cause diseases in plant tissues as well as significant postharvest losses. The use of chemical fungicides for their control has negative effects on health and the environment. Secondary metabolites from halophilic bacteria are a promising alternative for new antifungal compounds. In the present study, halophilic bacteria were isolated and characterized from two sites with saline soils called branquizales in Campeche, Mexico. A total of 64 bacteria were isolated. Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Inquilinus, Gracilibacillus, Metabacillus, Neobacillus, Paenibacillus, Priestia, Staphylococcus, Streptomyces and Virgibacillus were among the identified genera. The antifungal potential of the culture supernatant (CS) of 39 halophilic bacteria was investigated against C. gloeosporioides and A. alternata. The bacteria showing the greatest inhibition of mycelial growth corresponded to Bacillus subtilis CPO 4292, Metabacillus sp. CPO 4266, Bacillus sp. CPO 4295 and Bacillus sp. CPO 4279. The CS of Bacillus sp. CPO 4279 exhibited the highest activity and its ethyl acetate extract (AcOEt) inhibited the germination of C. gloeosporioides, with IC50 values of 8,630μg/ml and IC90 of 10,720μg/ml. The organic partition of the AcOEt extract led to three fractions, with acetonitrile (FAcB9) showing the highest antifungal activity, with values exceeding 66%. Halophilic bacteria from 'blanquizales' soils of the genus Bacillus sp. produce metabolites with antifungal properties that inhibit the phytopathogenic fungus C. gloeosporioides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arely A Vargas-Díaz
- CONAHCYT-Colegio de Postgraduados, Champotón, Campus Campeche, Campeche, México.
| | - Hilda V Silva-Rojas
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Posgrado en Producción de Semillas, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México, México
| | - Marcela Gamboa-Angulo
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Ferreira NGC, da Silva KA, Guimarães ATB, de Oliveira CMR. Hotspots of soil pollution: Possible glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid risks on terrestrial ecosystems and human health. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 179:108135. [PMID: 37647703 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The study presents a literature review of glyphosate (GLY) occurrence and its breakdown product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in soils worldwide, but with a specific focus on South America. In addition, an ecological risk approach based on the ecotoxicological endpoints for key soil biota (e.g., collembolans, and earthworms) assessed the impact of GLY and AMPA on these organisms. A generic probabilistic model for human health risk was also calculated for the different world regions. For what reports the risk for edaphic species and the level of pollution under the worst-case scenario, the South American continent was identified as the region of most concern. Nonetheless, other areas may also be in danger, but no risk could be calculated due to the lack of data. Since tropical countries are the top food exporters worldwide, the results obtained in this study must be carefully examined for their implications on a global scale. Some of the factors behind the high levels of these two chemicals in soils are debated (e.g., permissive protection policies, the extensive use of genetically modified crops), and some possible guidelines are presented that include, for example, further environmental characterisation and management of pesticide residues. The present review integrates data that can be used as a base by policymakers and decision-makers to develop and implement environmental policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno G C Ferreira
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; School of Biosciences - Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom.
| | - Karlo Alves da Silva
- Graduate Program in Environmental Management (PPGAmb), Universidade Positivo (UP) and Centro de Pesquisa da Universidade Positivo (CPUP), Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 81280-330 Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães
- Laboratory of Biological Investigations, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, Cascavel 2069, Paraná, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, Cascavel 2069, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Mara Ribas de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Environmental Management (PPGAmb), Universidade Positivo (UP) and Centro de Pesquisa da Universidade Positivo (CPUP), Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 81280-330 Curitiba, Brazil.
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Daam MA. Toward a tiered regulatory framework for the prospective aquatic effect assessment of pesticides in (Neo)tropical areas. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:638-647. [PMID: 36437571 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Research and regulatory interest into (Neo)tropical aquatic pesticide ecotoxicology has increased considerably over the past few years. However, pesticide effect assessment frameworks in (Neo)tropical areas remain largely undeveloped and as such not implemented. The present study provides an overview of studies into the comparison of pesticide sensitivity between (Neo)tropical and temperate aquatic taxa. Recommended assessment factors to be applied to temperate toxicity data for use in tropical effect assessments differ significantly between these studies. Shortcomings and bottlenecks of available pesticide sensitivity comparison studies based on results from bioassays, species sensitivity distributions, and model ecosystem studies are scrutinized. Current data lacks and (subsequent) indications for future research are also covered. Ultimately, implications for procedures aimed at the derivation of regulatory acceptable concentrations for pesticides in (Neo)tropical edge-of-field surface waters are discussed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:638-647. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A Daam
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, CENSE, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
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Tincani F, Cione AP, Casallanovo F, Bottoms M, Alvarez T, Loutseti S, Mackenzie R, Thompson H. Applying a tiered environmental risk assessment framework to estimate the risk of pesticides to soil organisms in Latin America. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:446-460. [PMID: 35971871 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the application of a tiered risk assessment scheme for soil organisms based on the risk quotient (RQ) and the toxicity exposure ratio (TER). Forty-five pesticides registered in Latin America were chosen and the ecotoxicological endpoints for earthworms, Collembola, and microorganisms were collated. Tier I assessment was made on conservative assumptions in which no refinements were applied. There, 14 pesticides (31%) exceed the RQ regulatory trigger indicating unacceptable risk, whereas 27 (60%) indicate unacceptable risk on the TER approach. In a Tier II evaluation when refinement options such as foliar interception, field half-life, and the dissipation following the peak estimated environmental concentration are considered, eight (18%) pesticides indicate unacceptable risk based on the RQ, and 15 (33%) indicate unacceptable risk based on the TER. A nonmetric multidimensional scaling evaluation was performed to understand the relevant characteristics involved in how each pesticide poses a risk to soil organisms. Based on the outcome of this analysis, we observed that, for a given pesticide, the combination of high persistence, low or no crop interception, and high toxicity are likely to require higher tier risk assessment. Refinement options can consider either or both the exposure and/or the effect side of the framework. Exposure refinements are potentially simpler and can be conducted with data already available to risk assessors, whereas effect refinements involving further testing with the organisms potentially at risk are still under discussion for intermediate and higher tiers. A sensitive, simple, and logical environmental risk assessment framework can be used to adequately identify risks based on the relevant protection goals that, in turn, will help to protect the desired soil multifunctionality of the ecosystem. We encourage academia and industry to further investigate these topics to provide the most scientifically robust and evidence-based information to decision makers. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:446-460. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Tincani
- Syngenta Proteção de Cultivos Ltda, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paola Cione
- Syngenta Proteção de Cultivos Ltda, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Melanie Bottoms
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Tania Alvarez
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Stefania Loutseti
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Richard Mackenzie
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Helen Thompson
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
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Clasen B, Storck TR, Schneider SI, Tiecher TL. Challenges and perspectives in terrestrial ecotoxicological assessment methodologies. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:298-299. [PMID: 36853071 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Clasen
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), IEAM Editorial Board Member, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tamiris R Storck
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental (PPGEAmb), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Tadeu L Tiecher
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), Campus Restinga, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Li L, Fu G, Liu X, Xing S, Feng H, Chen B. The toxicity of hexavalent chromium to soil microbial processes concerning soil properties and aging time. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111941. [PMID: 34474034 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) pollution has attracted much attention due to its biological toxicity. However, little is known regarding Cr toxicity to soil microorganisms. The present study assesses the toxicity of Cr(VI) on two microbial processes, potential nitrification rate (PNR) and substrate-induced respiration (SIR), in a wide range of agricultural soils and detected the abundance of soil bacteria, fungi, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea. The toxicity thresholds of 10% and 50% effective concentrations (EC10 and EC50) for PNR varied by 32.18- and 38.66-fold among different soils, while for SIR they varied by 391.21- and 16.31-fold, respectively. Regression model analysis indicated that for PNR, CEC as a single factor explained 27% of the variation in EC10, with soil clay being the key factor explaining 47.3% of the variation in EC50. For SIR, organic matter and pH were found to be the most vital predictors for EC10 and EC50, explaining 34% and 61.1% of variation, respectively. In addition, extended aging time was found to significantly attenuate the toxicity of Cr on PNR. SIR was mainly driven by total bacteria rather than fungi, while PNR was driven by both AOA and AOB. These results were helpful in deriving soil Cr toxicity threshold based on microbial processes, and provided a theoretical foundation for ecological risk assessments and establishing a soil environmental quality criteria for Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Linfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Gengxue Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuping Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Feng
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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von Ameln Lovison O, Jank L, de Souza WM, Ramalho Guerra R, Lamas AE, da Costa Ballestrin RA, da Silva Morais Hein C, da Silva TCB, Corção G, Martins AF. Identification of pesticides in water samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2670-2680. [PMID: 34355448 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs), including pesticides, have been a trending topic and Brazil is the country with the highest usage of pesticides worldwide. This study aimed to measure the presence of pesticide residues in the water from different sources in the city of Porto Alegre. We analyzed 55 samples from drinking water treatment plants, public water sites, and sewage treatment plants from winter 2018 to summer 2020 by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Among 184 pesticides evaluated, 107 matched validation criteria (linearity, trueness, accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility) and 15 of them were detected in different water samples, including seven insecticides, five antifungals, and three herbicides, with a wide range of toxicity levels and noticeable seasonal differences. For the worst-case scenario evaluation, 20 out of 22 (90.9%) samples exceeded the Risk Quotient of 1. The sum of pesticide concentrations exceeded 100 ng L-1 in 66.7% of samples in February 19 and in 75% of samples in February 20 and the total pesticide concentration has reached the worrisome mark of 1615 and 954.96 ng L-1 respectively. Therefore, our results make evident the need to promote public policies to achieve better water quality monitoring. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Among 184 pesticides evaluated, 107 matched validation criteria (linearity, trueness, accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility). A total of 55 different water samples were analyzed, and 15 pesticides were detected and five quantified. For the worst-case scenario evaluation, 20 out of 21 samples exceeded the Risk Quotient of 1 on Feb/20. The pesticide concentrations sum exceeded 100 ng L-1 in 66.7% of samples on February 19 and in 75% of samples on February 20. It is mandatory to improve water monitoring to guide the development of public policies concerning its quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otávio von Ameln Lovison
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Louise Jank
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária - LFDA/RS, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - William Machado de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Ramalho Guerra
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alex Elias Lamas
- Coordenadoria Geral de Vigilância em Saúde de Porto Alegre, Diretoria Geral de Vigilância em Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Antonio da Costa Ballestrin
- Coordenadoria Geral de Vigilância em Saúde de Porto Alegre, Diretoria Geral de Vigilância em Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila da Silva Morais Hein
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Gertrudes Corção
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andreza Francisco Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Perin M, Dallegrave A, Suchecki Barnet L, Zanchetti Meneghini L, de Araújo Gomes A, Pizzolato TM. Pharmaceuticals, pesticides and metals/metalloids in Lake Guaíba in Southern Brazil: Spatial and temporal evaluation and a chemometrics approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148561. [PMID: 34175608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Compiling and reporting data related to the presence of pharmaceuticals and pesticides are crucial means of assessing the risk those chemicals pose to human health and environment. Data sets from different sources were combined using a data fusion approach to produce a spatial and temporal variation of contaminants presents in water from Lake Guaíba (29°55'-30°24' S; 51°01'-51°20' W). Lake Guaíba is a 496 km2 water body situated in the geological depression of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; that is fed by several rivers from the metropolitan area, the 5th largest metro area in Brazil, with approximately 5 million inhabitants. Analytical methodology to quantify pharmaceuticals and pesticides by LC-QTOF-MS and GC-MS/MS was validated for 41 pharmaceutical and 62 pesticides. Furthermore, 27 chemical elements were analyzed by ICP-MS, and physical chemical parameters were determined using established methodologies. All validation parameters were in accordance with the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization, and Industrial Quality. Thirty-five water samples were analyzed from January to August 2019, and 15 pharmaceuticals and 25 pesticides were present in concentrations ranging from 6.00 ng L-1 to 580.00 ng L-1. Twenty-seven elements were analyzed during the same period, and 18 were present in concentrations ranging from 0.2 μg L-1 to 7060 μg L-1. Samples were tagged according to the points and months of collection to identify temporal and spatial patterns. The main findings show that the compounds are distributed throughout the studied area without an apparent regular pattern, suggesting that events in a specific point affect the entire ecosystem. Conversely, temporal variations were well defined, as samples were grouped according to the climatic conditions of the months of collection. Considering the calculated quotient risks, atrazine, cyproconazole, diuron, and simazine showed the highest risk levels for algae; acetaminophen, diclofenac, and ibuprofen showed the highest risk levels for aquatics invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Perin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Dallegrave
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Suchecki Barnet
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária - LFDA, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil, Estrada da Ponta Grossa 3036, 91780-580 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Zanchetti Meneghini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriano de Araújo Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tânia Mara Pizzolato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Felipe MC, Bernegossi AC, Pinheiro FR, Castro GB, Moura L, Zaiat M, Corbi JJ. Counting Enchytraeus crypticus Juveniles in Chronic Exposures: An Alternative Method for Ecotoxicity Studies Using Tropical Artificial Soil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:494-499. [PMID: 34269820 PMCID: PMC8284039 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil toxicity tests are commonly applied using Enchytraeus crypticus to analyze reproductive outputs. However, the traditional method for counting potworms takes a long time due to the significant number of offspring. This paper compares the conventional total counting of E. crypticus juveniles (M1) and an alternative methodology (M2). The proposed methodology (M2) uses a simple random counting method (1/4) for the partial counting of juveniles and total estimation. Chronic bioassays (21 days of exposure) were performed in tropical artificial soil (TAS) using sugarcane vinasse as a hazardous substance. Comparing the final density of juveniles recorded in M1 and M2, no statistical differences were pointed out in either one. Applying analyses based on effective concentration (EC10 and EC50), no statistical differences were identified there either. The t-test showed that there was no statistical difference between the counting methods (M1 and M2) in each treatment (control and dilutions). Moreover, we ran the Tukey test for M1 and M2 methods separately and observed that 100 % of the vinasse showed a statistical difference compared to the control treatment in both (p ≤ 0.05), affirming that independent of the counting method, the ecotoxicological outputs were similar. Therefore, the proposed alternative is a suitable method for bioassay using. E. crypticus in tropical artificial soil, decreasing to 1/4 the total time required for counting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara C Felipe
- Biological Processes Laboratory (LPB), Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Aline C Bernegossi
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory (LEAA), Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Pinheiro
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory (LEAA), Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Gleyson B Castro
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory (LEAA), Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lidia Moura
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory (LEAA), Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zaiat
- Biological Processes Laboratory (LPB), Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Juliano J Corbi
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory (LEAA), Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, Brazil
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12
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Bernardino MM, Alves PRL, de Santo FB, Niemeyer JC, Leal RMP. Ecotoxicity of imidacloprid to soil invertebrates in two tropical soils with contrasting texture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:27655-27665. [PMID: 33512682 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is one of the most commercialized insecticides in agriculture in the world, with a broad spectrum of action. However, little is known about the effects of commercial formulations containing this active ingredient (a.i.) on non-target organisms in tropical soils. Our objective was to assess the toxicity based on the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of imidacloprid, in the avoidance behaviour of earthworms and collembolans as well as in the reproduction of collembolans, in two representative soils of the Brazilian Cerrado with contrasting texture (clayey Oxisol and sandy Entisol). Ecotoxicity tests were carried out according to ISO protocols to assess the avoidance behaviour of earthworms (Eisenia andrei) and avoidance and reproduction of collembolans (Folsomia candida). In the earthworm's avoidance test, more than 80% of the individuals were found in the control, in all tested concentrations, indicating a possible habitat function loss in both soils. The avoidance behaviour of collembolans was observed in both soils, being more expressive (up to 75% of escape) in Oxisol. In Entisol, only the two highest concentrations were avoided (up to 63%). There was a negative effect on the reproduction of collembolans in both soils, with a higher EC50 value (0.255 mg kg-1) in Oxisol than in Entisol (0.177 mg kg-1), demonstrating higher toxicity in the sandy soil. These differences were attributed to the contrasting texture of the studied soils, probably due to lower retention of the a.i. in the sandy soil, causing an increased bioavailability. This study demonstrated that imidacloprid can be highly toxic to soil invertebrates, even in soil concentrations lower than those expected from recommended dose, causing an impact on the edaphic organisms and, consequently, compromising its functions in the soil ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Martins Bernardino
- Postgraduate Program in Agrochemistry, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, P.O Box 66, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, Chapeco, SC, 89802112, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Benedet de Santo
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems (PPGEAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus of Curitibanos, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, 89520-000, Brazil
| | - Júlia Carina Niemeyer
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems (PPGEAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus of Curitibanos, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, 89520-000, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Marques Pereira Leal
- Postgraduate Program in Agrochemistry, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, P.O Box 66, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, 75901-970, Brazil
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Bandeira FO, Lopes Alves PR, Hennig TB, Toniolo T, Natal-da-Luz T, Baretta D. Effect of temperature on the toxicity of imidacloprid to Eisenia andrei and Folsomia candida in tropical soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115565. [PMID: 33254719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influence of temperature on the chronic toxicity and risk of imidacloprid to soil non-target species was assessed in tropical soils. Earthworms Eisenia andrei and collembolans Folsomia candida were exposed to a tropical artificial soil (TAS) and two natural tropical soils from Brazil (Entisol and Oxisol) with increasing concentrations of imidacloprid under atmospheric temperatures of 20, 25 and 28 °C. The effect of temperature on the reproduction of both species was assessed through the number of juveniles and earthworm's growth, and the risk associated was estimated through the Toxicity-Exposure Ratio (TER). Toxicity of imidacloprid increased with temperature in all tested soils, being generally lower in TAS soil (EC50s of 1.48, 0.66 and 0.40 mg kg-1 for E. andrei and 0.3, 0.2 and 0.06 mg kg-1 for F. candida at 20, 25 and 28 °C, respectively) compared to Entisol (EC50s of 0.19, 0.03 and 0.14 mg kg-1 for E. andrei and 0.04, 0.02, 0.01 mg kg-1 for F. candida at 20, 25 and 28 °C, respectively) and Oxisol (EC50s of 0.21, 0.07, 0.06 mg kg-1 for E. andrei and 0.16, 0.09, 0.06 mg kg-1 for F. candida at 20, 25 and 28 °C, respectively) within each temperature for both species. These values indicate that properties of TAS may not be representative of natural/local soils to adequately estimate the toxicity of pesticides to non-target soil species. At higher temperatures, the variability of imidacloprid toxicity between soils was lower, which suggests that the influence of soil properties on imidacloprid toxicity was overshadowed by temperature. TER values revealed that risk is also greater at higher temperatures. Data reported enforce the need for the inclusion of more realistic conditions in single-species tests in prospective risk assessment of pesticides to avoid underestimation of risk to non-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, 89802112, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| | - Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Tânia Toniolo
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, 89802112, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Tiago Natal-da-Luz
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dilmar Baretta
- Dep. of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil; Centro de Educação Superior Do Oeste, Santa Catarina State University, Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680-E, 89815-630, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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14
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Daam MA, Garcia MV, Scheffczyk A, Römbke J. Acute and chronic toxicity of the fungicide carbendazim to the earthworm Eisenia fetida under tropical versus temperate laboratory conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126871. [PMID: 32413796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Research efforts into the potential side-effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms have focused on temperate test species and conditions. There is thus a need for studies into the ecotoxicity of a vaster range of pesticides under tropical conditions. The present study therefore aimed to compare the acute and chronic toxicity of the fungicide carbendazim to the earthworm Eisenia fetida under tropical and temperate conditions. To this end, laboratory toxicity tests were conducted with a tropical and European strain of E. fetida, using different artificial (OECD and TAS) and natural (LUFA and TNS) soils, and under different test temperatures (20 °C and 28 °C). In the acute lethality tests with artificial soils, the tropical strain of E. fetida was three to four order of magnitude less sensitive than the European strain, which is ascribed to the higher test temperature and (hence) higher microbial activity/pesticide degradation. The tropical strain was particularly sensitive in the tropical natural soil, which was attributed to the low pH (3.9) of this soil. The chronic toxicity tests overall also showed a lower sensitivity of the tropical strain on reproduction. These findings thus support the use of toxicity data generated under temperate conditions in tropical pesticide effect assessments. However, intensive agricultural practices in the tropics may dictate that exposure levels (and hence potentially also risks) are higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Marcos V Garcia
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Rod. AM-10, Km 28, 69011-970, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Adam Scheffczyk
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Böttgerstr. 2-14, 65439, Flörsheim, Germany
| | - Jörg Römbke
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Böttgerstr. 2-14, 65439, Flörsheim, Germany.
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15
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Pitombeira de Figueirêdo L, Athayde DB, Daam MA, van Gestel CAM, Guerra GDS, Duarte-Neto PJ, Espíndola ELG. Impact of temperature on the toxicity of Kraft 36 EC® (a.s. abamectin) and Score 250 EC® (a.s. difenoconazole) to soil organisms under realistic environmental exposure scenarios. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110446. [PMID: 32171122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides can affect all receiving compartments, especially soils, and their fate and effects may be enhanced by temperature, increasing their risk to ecological functions of soils. In Brazil, the most widely used pesticides are the insecticide Kraft 36 EC® (a.s. abamectin) and the fungicide Score 250 EC® (a.s. difenoconazole), which are commonly used in strawberry, often simultaneously as a mixture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of realistic environmental applications, single and in mixtures, for both pesticides to the springtail Folsomia candida and the plant species Allium cepa (onion) and Lycopersicum esculentum (tomato). Mesocosms filled with Brazilian natural soil (lattosolo) were dosed with water (control), Kraft (10.8 g a.s/ha), Score (20 g.a.s/ha) and Kraft + Score (10.8 + 20 g a.s./ha). The applications were repeated every 7 days, during 18 days of experiment, and simulating rainfall twice a week. Collembola reproduction tests were conducted with soils from the first (day 1) and last day (day 18) of experiment for each treatment. Plant toxicity tests were carried out in the experimental units. The experiments were run at 23 °C and 33 °C. Kraft, alone and in the binary mixture, showed high toxicity to the springtails in soils from both days 1 and 18, especially at 23 °C where it caused 100% mortality. Score however, was not toxic to the springtails. Plant growth was reduced by Score, but responses varied depending on temperature. This study indicates a high environmental risk of the insecticide Kraft, particularly at lower temperatures (23 °C), and an influence of temperature on pesticide fate and effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Pitombeira de Figueirêdo
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Danillo B Athayde
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Michiel A Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Glauce da Silva Guerra
- PPGBEA, Department of Statistics and Informatics, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, S/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171900, Recife, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Duarte-Neto
- PPGBEA, Department of Statistics and Informatics, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, S/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171900, Recife, Brazil
| | - Evaldo L G Espíndola
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
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16
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Daam MA, Chelinho S, Niemeyer JC, Owojori OJ, De Silva PMCS, Sousa JP, van Gestel CAM, Römbke J. Environmental risk assessment of pesticides in tropical terrestrial ecosystems: Test procedures, current status and future perspectives. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:534-547. [PMID: 31234068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing use of pesticides in tropical countries, research and legislative efforts have focused on their temperate counterparts. This paper presents a review of the literature on environmental risk assessment of pesticides for tropical terrestrial agroecosystems. It aims at evaluating potential differences in pesticide risk between temperate and tropical regions as well as to highlight research needs in the latter. Peculiarities of pesticide risks in tropical terrestrial agroecosystems are discussed in subsections 1) agricultural practices; 2) research efforts; 3) fate and exposure; 4) toxicity testing methods; and 5) sensitivity. The intensive and often inadequate pesticide application practices in tropical areas are likely to result in a relatively greater pesticide exposure in edge-of-field water bodies. Since pesticide fate may be different under tropical conditions, tropical scenarios for models estimating predicted environmental pesticide concentrations should be developed. Sensitivity comparisons do not indicate a consistent similar, greater or lower relative sensitivity of tropical soil organisms as compared to temperate organisms. However, several methods and procedures for application in the tropics need to be developed, which include: 1) identifying and collecting natural soils to be used as reference test substrates in tests; 2) identifying and discerning the range of sensitivity of native test species to soil contaminants; 3) developing test guidelines applicable to tropical/subtropical conditions; and 4) developing methods and procedures for higher tier testing for full development and implementation of environmental risk assessment schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel A Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Chelinho
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, P-3000 456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Júlia C Niemeyer
- Centre of Curitibanos, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Olugbenga J Owojori
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - P Mangala C S De Silva
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara, 81000, Sri Lanka
| | - Jóse Paulo Sousa
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, P-3000 456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jörg Römbke
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Böttgerstr. 2-14, 65439, Flörsheim, Germany
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Camargo Carniel LS, Niemeyer JC, Iuñes de Oliveira Filho LC, Alexandre D, Gebler L, Klauberg-Filho O. The fungicide mancozeb affects soil invertebrates in two subtropical Brazilian soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 232:180-185. [PMID: 31154178 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mancozeb is a dithiocarbamate non-systemic fungicide widely used to control fungal diseases of plants, commonly applied in apple orchards in Brazil. Instead of its common use, there are no reports about the risk to non-target organisms in Brazilian soils. We studied the risk of Mancozeb (in the commercial formulation Dithane® NT) for standard invertebrate species (Folsomia candida, Eisenia andrei and Enchytraeus crypticus) in two subtropical Brazilian soils, Oxisol and Ultisol, which are representative of apple production areas in Brazil. Reproduction and survival tests were carried out following ISO guidelines. Results showed that Mancozeb in Oxisol reduced the survival and reproduction of collembolans (LC50 54.43 and EC50 2.72 mg a.i. kg-1) and enchytraeids (LC50 6.97 and EC50 3.56 mg a.i. kg-1), in lowest values than those observed in Ultisol (F. candida LC50 > 1000 and EC50 > 100 mg a.i. kg-1; E. crypticus LC50 280.21 and EC50 29.67). Effects to E. andrei were similar in both soils and indicated a lower sensitivity of this species to Mancozeb. The species F. candida and E. crypticus were more sensitive than E. andrei. These results reinforce the need to include other soil organisms besides earthworms, using chronical endpoints and considering different types of soils, to better predict the risk of pesticides for subtropical soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Scopel Camargo Carniel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo (PPGCS), Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), College of Agriculture and Veterinary (CAV), 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Julia Carina Niemeyer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecossistemas Agrícolas e Naturais (PPGEAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina, 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Iuñes de Oliveira Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo (PPGCS), Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), College of Agriculture and Veterinary (CAV), 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Douglas Alexandre
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo (PPGCS), Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), College of Agriculture and Veterinary (CAV), 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciano Gebler
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, BR 285, Km 115, POB 177, 95200-000, Vacaria, RS Brazil
| | - Osmar Klauberg-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo (PPGCS), Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), College of Agriculture and Veterinary (CAV), 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil.
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Barbosa DS, Barbosa DS, Espíndola ELG, Daam MA. The direct effects of a tropical natural humic substance to three aquatic species and its influence on their sensitivity to copper. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:550-558. [PMID: 31119590 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have been conducted so far into the effects of humic substances (HS) on aquatic organisms and their influence on the toxicity of chemical pollutants in the tropics. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the direct effects of locally-derived tropical natural HS on the cladoceran Daphnia similis, the midge Chironomus xanthus and the fish Danio rerio. The influence of a HS concentration series on the acute toxicity of copper to these organisms was also assessed through laboratory toxicity testing. The HS did not exert direct acute effects on the test organisms, but long-term exposure to higher HS concentrations provoked a stress response (increase in feces production) to D. rerio and exerted effects on chironomid adult emergence and sex ratio. The biotic ligand model proved to be a useful tool in converting total copper concentrations to the appropriate bio-available fraction to which tropical aquatic organisms are exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingos S Barbosa
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13.560-970, Brazil
- Environmental Technology and Management Laboratory (LTGA), Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. dos Estudantes 5055, Rondonópolis, 78735-901, Brazil
| | - Danilo S Barbosa
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13.560-970, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Paraná (IFPR), Rodovia PR 323, km 310, Umuarama, 87.507-014, Brazil
| | - Evaldo L G Espíndola
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13.560-970, Brazil
| | - Michiel A Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal.
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Zhu D, Zheng F, Chen QL, Yang XR, Christie P, Ke X, Zhu YG. Exposure of a Soil Collembolan to Ag Nanoparticles and AgNO 3 Disturbs Its Associated Microbiota and Lowers the Incidence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Gut. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12748-12756. [PMID: 30345766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota contribute to host health. Numerous recent studies have focused on the survival and reproduction of nontarget soil animals exposed to the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) but changes in the gut microbiota due to nanoparticle toxicity are largely unknown. Here, we examine some effects of AgNPs and silver nitrate (ionic Ag) on the gut microbiota of the common soil collembolan Folsomia candida using Illumina sequencing and concomitant changes in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of the gut microbiota using high-throughput quantitative PCR. A large number of Ag accumulated in Ag-exposed individuals after 28 days and ionic Ag significantly inhibited the reproduction of the collembolan (by 19.3%). Exposure to AgNPs disturbed the composition of the collembolan gut bacterial community, resulting in dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. However, the dominant microbiota was shared among different treatments. In addition, AgNPs exposure did indeed reduce the incidence of ARGs in the collembolan gut microbiota. A weak relationship was identified between gut bacterial communities and ARG profiles. These results extend our knowledge regarding the role of the gut microbiota in assessing the soil ecotoxicology of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health , Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1799 Jimei Road , Xiamen 361021 , China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health , Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1799 Jimei Road , Xiamen 361021 , China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qing-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health , Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1799 Jimei Road , Xiamen 361021 , China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiao-Ru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health , Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1799 Jimei Road , Xiamen 361021 , China
| | - Peter Christie
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health , Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1799 Jimei Road , Xiamen 361021 , China
| | - Xin Ke
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health , Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1799 Jimei Road , Xiamen 361021 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
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Mallmann GC, Sousa JP, Sundh I, Pieper S, Arena M, da Cruz SP, Klauberg-Filho O. Placing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the risk assessment test battery of plant protection products (PPPs). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:809-818. [PMID: 29802487 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are mutualistic symbionts considered a key group in soil systems involved in the provision of several ecosystem services. Recently they have been listed by EFSA as organisms to be included in the test battery for the risk assessment of plant protection product (PPPs). This study aimed to contribute to improve the ISO Protocol (ISO 10832: 2009) by assessing the feasibility of using other AMF species under different test conditions. Overall, results showed that AMF species Gigaspora albida and Rhizophagus clarus (selected out of five AMF species) are suitable to be used in spore germination tests using the ISO protocol (14 days incubation with sand or artificial soil as substrate) to test PPPs. However, several modifications to the protocol were made in order to accommodate the use of the tested isolates, namely the incubation temperature (28 °C instead of 24 °C) and the change of reference substance (boric acid instead of cadmium nitrate). The need for these changes, plus the results obtained with the three fungicides tested (chlorothalonil, mancozeb and metalaxyl-M) and comparisons made with literature on the relevance of the origin of AMF isolates in dictating the adequate test conditions, emphasize the importance of adjusting test conditions (AMF species/isolates and test temperature) when assessing effects for prospective risk assessment targeting different climatic zones. So, further studies should be conducted with different AMF species and isolates from different climatic regions, in order to better define which species/isolate and test conditions should be used to assess effects of a particular PPP targeting a given climatic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Paulo Sousa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ingvar Sundh
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silvia Pieper
- Federal Environment Agency, UBA, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | | | - Sonia Purin da Cruz
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC Curitibanos, Curitibanos, Brazil
| | - Osmar Klauberg-Filho
- Soil Science Department, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, CAV, Lages, Brazil.
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Niemeyer JC, de Santo FB, Guerra N, Ricardo Filho AM, Pech TM. Do recommended doses of glyphosate-based herbicides affect soil invertebrates? Field and laboratory screening tests to risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 198:154-160. [PMID: 29421725 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite glyphosate-based herbicides are widely used in agriculture, forestry and gardens, little is known about its effects on non-target organisms. The present work evaluated the ecotoxicity of four formulated products (Roundup® Original, Trop®, Zapp® Qi 620 and Crucial®) on soil invertebrates. Screening ecotoxicity tests were carried out with soil and oat straw collected in a field experiment, besides laboratory-spiked soils. Screening tests included avoidance behaviour of earthworms (Eisenia andrei), collembolans (Folsomia candida) and isopods (Porcellio dilatatus) in single and multispecies tests; reproduction of collembolans (F. candida), and bait lamina in field. Non-avoidance behaviour was observed in standard tests (earthworms) in soil, neither in multispecies tests (earthworm + isopods) using oat straw, while for collembolans it occurred for the product Zapp® Qi 620 even at the recommended dose. Reproduction of F. candida was not impaired even at high doses in laboratory-spiked soils. Feeding activity on bait lamina test was impaired in treatment corresponding to the red label product, Crucial®. Results showed the relevance of bait lamina test on screening the impact of herbicides in the field. The findings highlight the importance of considering different formulations for the same active ingredient in risk assessment of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Carina Niemeyer
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecossistemas Agrícolas e Naturais (PPGEAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil; Campus of Curitibanos, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Benedet de Santo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecossistemas Agrícolas e Naturais (PPGEAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil; Campus of Curitibanos, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Naiara Guerra
- Campus of Curitibanos, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiani Maria Pech
- Campus of Curitibanos, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
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