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Briant N, Freydier R, Araújo DF, Delpoux S, Elbaz-Poulichet F. Cu isotope records of Cu-based antifouling paints in sediment core profiles from the largest European Marina, The Port Camargue. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157885. [PMID: 35944646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of copper (Cu) compounds as an alternative biocide in antifouling paints (APs) has resulted in wide Cu contamination into the marine environment, especially near marina harbor activities. In this work, the applicability of Cu isotopes to discriminate Cu origins related to the use of Cu-based APs in marine environments was tested. To this, Cu isotopes in APs, shipyard sludges, and sediment cores sampled in the Cu-contaminated Mediterranean marina of Port Camargue were determined. APs represent an important dominant anthropogenic source for metals in this site, making it ideal to test Cu isotopes as tracers. The overall isotope composition of four sediment cores and a surface sample varied between -0.13 and 0.44 ‰ (δ65Cu relative to NIST-976). Selected APs brands show a similar Cu concentration ~0.15 % and δ65Cu average of 0.54 ± 0.05 ‰. The plot of δ65Cu vs concentration for all datasets allowed dissociating natural and APs end-members. However, sample isotope systematics were not consistent with a conservative mixing binary source process. Heavily Cu-contaminated sediments show isotope signatures lighter than APs brands. However, the most Cu-contaminated sample, located directly above the careening area, shows a δ65Cu slightly lighter than APs (0.44 ‰ vs 0.54 ‰, respectively). Results suggest the preferential releasing of a heavy isotope pool by APs when these compounds are solubilized in seawater. The isotope fractionation was attributed to potential chemical Cu coordination changes during its elemental partition between paint and marina seawater and the fractionation induced by the organic ligands in the water column, before deposition. Further laboratory experiments are recommended to model the isotope fractionation mechanisms related to Cu release by APs. Because the APs' isotope signature is modified in marine environments, the use of Cu isotopes as tracers of AP in marine environments is challenging and needs more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Briant
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Rémi Freydier
- Laboratoire HydroSciences UMR 5569, CNRS, Université Montpellier, IRD, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, CC 57, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel F Araújo
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Delpoux
- Laboratoire HydroSciences UMR 5569, CNRS, Université Montpellier, IRD, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, CC 57, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Elbaz-Poulichet
- Laboratoire HydroSciences UMR 5569, CNRS, Université Montpellier, IRD, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, CC 57, 34090 Montpellier, France
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Rodrigo Sanz M, Millán Gabet V, Gonzalez JL. Inputs of Total and Labile Dissolved Metals from Six Facilities Continuously Discharging Treated Wastewaters to the Marine Environment of Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands, Spain). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111582. [PMID: 34770100 PMCID: PMC8583637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of ten metals (Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Al, Fe, Mn, and Co) was investigated in the final discharge of six facilities, including four wastewater treatment plants, which were continuously discharging treated wastewater to the coastal environment in Gran Canaria Island. A four-day sampling campaign was carried out at each facility in July 2020, in which both the spot samplings technique and the diffusive gradient in thin-film technique (DGT) were carried out to measure total dissolved metals and the in situ labile metal fraction, respectively. After the necessary sample preparation steps, measurements were carried out by ICP-MS for both samplings. Raw data referred to the spot total dissolved and DGT-labile metal concentrations were reported. In general, the average metal concentrations were dispersed in a broad range. As expected, the highest metal contents were found in those facilities with larger industrial contributions. The values of annual average environmental quality standards (AA-EQS) were used to assess the total dissolved metal concentrations for every metal in every final discharge. In only one of the studied facilities, some metals (Ni and Zn) exceeded these EQS within the receiving waterbody, highlighting the need for more efficient treatment targeted towards a specific discharging-water quality. In addition, the total dissolved and labile metal daily fluxes of discharge were calculated to estimate the contribution of every effluent to the receiving water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rodrigo Sanz
- Water Department, Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias (ITC), Pozo Izquierdo, s/n, 35019 Santa Lucía, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.S.); (V.M.G.); Tel.: +34-928-727-524 (M.R.S.)
| | - Vanessa Millán Gabet
- Water Department, Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias (ITC), Pozo Izquierdo, s/n, 35019 Santa Lucía, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.S.); (V.M.G.); Tel.: +34-928-727-524 (M.R.S.)
| | - Jean-Louis Gonzalez
- Unit of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), 83507 La Seyne-sur-Mer, France;
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Amato ED, Pfeiffer F, Estoppey N, Subotic D, Herweyers L, Breugelmans T, Weyn M, Du Bois E, Dardenne F, Covaci A, Town RM, Blust R. Field application of a novel active-passive sampling technique for the simultaneous measurement of a wide range of contaminants in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130598. [PMID: 33901895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A first test of the field capabilities of a novel in situ sampling technique combining active and passive sampling (APS) was conducted in the sea. The proof-of-concept device uses a pump to draw water into a diffusion cell where dissolved target substances are accumulated onto sorbents which are selective for different classes of contaminants (i.e., metal cations, polar and non-polar organic compounds), simultaneously. A controlled laminar flow established in the diffusion cell enables measurements of contaminant concentrations that are fully independent from the hydrodynamic conditions in the bulk solution. APS measurements were consistent with those obtained using conventional passive sampling techniques such as organic diffusive gradients in thin films (o-DGT) and silicone rubber (SR) samplers (generally < 40% difference), taking into account the prevailing hydrodynamic conditions. The use of performance reference compounds (PRC) for hydrophobic contaminants provided additional information. Field measurements of metal ions in seawater showed large variability due to issues related to the device configuration. An improved field set-up deployed in supplementary freshwater mesocosm experiments provided metal speciation data that was consistent with passive sampling measurements (DGT), taking into account the hydrodynamic conditions. Overall, the results indicate that the APS technique provides a promising approach for the determination of a wide range of contaminants simultaneously, and independently from the hydrodynamic conditions in the bulk solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvio D Amato
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Fabienne Pfeiffer
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Estoppey
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dragan Subotic
- Internet and Data Lab (IDLab), University of Antwerp - Imec, Belgium
| | - Laure Herweyers
- Department of Product Development, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tom Breugelmans
- Research Group Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maarten Weyn
- Internet and Data Lab (IDLab), University of Antwerp - Imec, Belgium
| | - Els Du Bois
- Department of Product Development, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Freddy Dardenne
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Raewyn M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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El Agawany N, Kaamoush M, El-Zeiny A, Ahmed M. Effect of heavy metals on protein content of marine unicellular green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:584. [PMID: 34406496 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are rich source of protein containing necessary amino acids at different levels. The present study was designed to assess stimulatory and/or inhibitory impact of five different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/L) of three essential heavy metals (nickel, zinc, and copper) on protein content (soluble, insoluble, and total) of the marine unicellular green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. Further, geospatial analyses were used to assess the suitability of Qaroun Lake for D. tertiolecta proliferation. The experimental results showed a gradual increase in protein content of D. tertiolecta with low concentrations of the three investigated heavy metals. However, increasing levels of heavy metals led to inhibitory effect on protein synthesis in alga with different grades. Ni, Zn and Cu levels in Qaroun lake were found suitable for the proliferation of Dunaliella (Lower than 5 mg/L). The present study highly recommends the necessity to encourage site selection of optimal marine environments suitable for the proliferation of marine algae rich in protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa El Agawany
- Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona Kaamoush
- Environmental and Crises Management Department, Simulator Complex, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Zeiny
- Environmental Studies Department, National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed
- Marine Sciences Department, National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), Cairo, Egypt
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Ytreberg E, Lagerström M, Nöu S, Wiklund AKE. Environmental risk assessment of using antifouling paints on pleasure crafts in European Union waters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 281:111846. [PMID: 33401119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To ensure sustainable use of antifouling paints, the European Union have developed a new environmental risk assessment tool, which a product must pass prior to its placement on the market. In this new tool, environmental concentrations are predicted based on estimated release rates of biocides to the aquatic environment and risk characterization ratios are calculated in regional spreadsheets. There are currently two methods in use to predict release rates of biocides; a calculation method and a laboratory method. These methods have been believed to overestimate environmental release of biocides and therefore fixed correction factors to reduce the release rate can be applied. An alternative method, known as the XRF method, has recently been developed and used to derive field release rates from antifouling paints. The aim of this study was to review the new environmental risk assessment tool and assess how the choice of release rate method and application of correction factors impact the approval of antifouling paint products. Eight coatings were environmentally risk assessed for usage in four European marine regions; Baltic, Baltic Transition, Atlantic and Mediterranean; by applying release rates of copper and zinc determined with the different methods. The results showed none of the coatings to pass the environmental risk assessment in the Baltic, Baltic Transition and the Mediterranean if field release rates were used. In contrast, most of the coatings passed if the correction factors were applied on the release rates obtained with the calculation or laboratory method. The results demonstrate the importance of release rate method choice on the outcome of antifouling product approval in EU. To reduce the impact of antifouling paints on the marine environment it is recommended that no correction factors should be allowed in the environmental risk assessment or preferably that site-specific field release rates are used. If the regulation in the European Union (and elsewhere) continues to allow correction factors, the pressure of biocides to the environment from leisure boating will result in degradation of marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Ytreberg
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Maria Lagerström
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Nöu
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Kristin E Wiklund
- Department of Envx§ironmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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