1
|
Peluso J, Chehda AM, Olivelli MS, Ivanic FM, Pérez Coll CS, Gonzalez F, Valenzuela L, Rojas D, Cristos D, Butler M, Candal RJ, Aronzon CM. Metals, pesticides, and emerging contaminants on water bodies from agricultural areas and the effects on a native amphibian. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115692. [PMID: 36931378 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the Paraná River lower basin, an important agro-productive area of Argentina, crop fields and cattle breeding activities are common and may affect water quality. So, the aim of this study was to analyze the impacts of cattle breeding and agricultural activities on a stream from Buenos Aires, through physicochemical parameters (metals, pesticides, and emerging contaminants) and ecotoxicological parameters with Rhinella arenarum larvae, a native amphibian species. Three sites were selected on an ordinary plain stream that goes through agricultural fields and a cattle breeding establishment (upstream -S1-, near -S2- and downstream -S3- the establishment). Physicochemical parameters were measured in situ (in water) and in laboratory (in water and sediment samples: metals, pesticides, ivermectin and oxytetracycline). A semi-static chronic toxicity bioassay (504 h) was performed with water samples, and neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and genotoxicity biomarkers were measured after acute exposure (96 h). According to the index, a degradation in the water quality was observed in all sites. Ivermectin (8.03 mg/kg) and oxytetracycline (1.9 mg/kg) were detected in sediment samples from S2. Pesticides were detected in all sites, mainly in water samples: S1 presented the highest variability (7 residues) and in S3 AMPA, glyphosate and acetochlor concentrations were higher (10.3, 22.4 and 23.8 μg/L). Also, all sites significantly produced lethality at chronic exposure. Lethality at 504h was 40% for S1, 56.66% for S2 and 93.33% for S3. At acute exposure, the oxidative stress biomarkers were altered on R. arenarum larvae exposed to all sites and the neurotoxicity biomarkers were altered on larvae exposed to S1 and S3. Water quality was severely degraded by the surrounding agricultural and cattle breeding activities, which may represent a threat to the ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Peluso
- IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Agostina Martínez Chehda
- IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa S Olivelli
- IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Federico M Ivanic
- IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Cristina S Pérez Coll
- IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Florencia Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Fluorescencia de Rayos X, Gerencia Química, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - Lautaro Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Fluorescencia de Rayos X, Gerencia Química, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - Dante Rojas
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de los Alimentos, Argentina
| | - Diego Cristos
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de los Alimentos, Argentina
| | - Matías Butler
- IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Roberto J Candal
- IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Carolina M Aronzon
- IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peluso J, Aronzon CM, Martínez Chehda A, Cuzziol Boccioni AP, Peltzer PM, De Geronimo E, Aparicio V, Gonzalez F, Valenzuela L, Lajmanovich RC. Environmental quality and ecotoxicity of sediments from the lower Salado River basin (Santa Fe, Argentina) on amphibian larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 253:106342. [PMID: 36327688 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The lower Salado River basin receive agricultural, industrial and domestic waste water. So, the aim was to evaluate the quality of three sampling sites that belong to the Salado River basin (S1: Cululú stream; S2: Salado River, at Esperanza City, S3: Salado River at Santo Tomé City) based on physicochemical parameters, metals and pesticides analyses and ecotoxicity on Rhinella arenarum larvae. R. arenarum larvae (Gosner Stage -GS- 25) were chronically exposed (504h) to complex matrixes of surface water and sediment samples of each site for the determination of the survival rate. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity were analyzed in R. arenarum larvae (GS. 25) after exposure (96h) to the complex matrix of water and sediment. The water quality index showed a marginal quality for all sites, influenced mainly by low dissolved oxygen, high total suspended solid, phosphate, nitrite, conductivity, Pb, Cr and Cu levels. Metal concentrations were higher in sediment than in water samples (˜34-35000 times). In total, thirty different pesticides were detected in all water and sediment samples, S1 presented the greatest variety (26). Glyphosate and AMPA were detected in sediments from all sites, being higher in S3. N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) and atrazine were detected in all water samples. Greatest mortality was observed in larvae exposed to samples from S1 from 288h (43.3%), reaching a maximum value of 50% at 408h. Oxidative stress and genotoxicity were observed in larvae exposed to S1 and S3 matrix samples. Neurotoxicity was observed in larvae exposed to all matrix samples. The integrated biomarker response index showed that larvae exposed to S1 and S3 were the most affected. According to the physicochemical data and the ecotoxicity assessment, this important river basin is significantly degraded and may represent a risk to aquatic biota, especially for R. arenarum larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Peluso
- IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Carolina M Aronzon
- IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Agostina Martínez Chehda
- IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Cuzziol Boccioni
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Paola M Peltzer
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Eduardo De Geronimo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Aparicio
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Fluorescencia de Rayos X, Gerencia Química, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lautaro Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Fluorescencia de Rayos X, Gerencia Química, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael C Lajmanovich
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peluso J, Pérez Coll CS, Rojas DE, Cristos D, Aronzon CM. Ecotoxicological assessment of complex environmental matrices from the lower Paraná River basin. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135385. [PMID: 35753422 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sediments of aquatic ecosystems constitute the fate of most atmospheric and terrestrial pollutants. Since aquatic organisms, such as amphibians, interact with sediments, the presence of pollutants may affect their survival, growth and reproduction. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate, the sediment and water quality of five sites from the lower basin of the Paraná River (Buenos Aires, Argentina) with different anthropic impacts: Morejón stream (S1), de la Cruz stream upstream (S2) and downstream (S3), Arrecifes river (S4), tributary stream of Arrecifes river (S5). Physicochemical parameters were measured in situ (water) and in laboratory (water and sediment samples). Also, a screening of metals and pesticides was performed. Chronic (504 h) lethal toxicity bioassays were performed exposing Rhinella arenarum larvae to sediment and water samples. Oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S transferase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation) and genotoxicity (micronuclei test) biomarkers were analyzed at acute (96 h) exposure. According to the calculated water quality index, S1 and S3 showed excellent quality, S2 good quality and, S4 and S5 poor quality. Dissolved oxygen was low in all sites (2.26-5.63 mg/L) and S5 had the highest organic matter content. Copper levels exceeded the limit for the protection of aquatic life in S2 and S4; arsenic levels exceeded its limit in S4; and selenium levels exceeded its limit in S4 and S5. Pesticides were mainly detected in water samples. Sediment from S5 showed higher sulfide and organic matter concentrations. At 504 h, no significant mortality was observed in the control group while S5 caused the greatest mortality (80%), followed by S2 (66.67%), S1 (63.33%), S3 (46.67%) and S4 (43.4%). All samples caused oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and samples from S4 also caused genotoxicity. The analysis of sediment and water samples was a suitable approach to assess the effects of water bodies on a native amphibian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Peluso
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, CONICET-UNSAM, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Cristina S Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, CONICET-UNSAM, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Dante E Rojas
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de Los Alimentos, Argentina
| | - Diego Cristos
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de Los Alimentos, Argentina
| | - Carolina M Aronzon
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, CONICET-UNSAM, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peluso J, Pérez Coll CS, Cristos D, Rojas DE, Aronzon CM. Comprehensive assessment of water quality through different approaches: Physicochemical and ecotoxicological parameters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149510. [PMID: 34391159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, water quality was assessed by physicochemical parameters. However, a more comprehensive analysis is needed to study the effects of polluted water bodies on key species over time. So, the aim of this study was to monitor through physicochemical and ecotoxicological indicators the surface water quality of four study sites with different land uses from the lower Paraná river basin (Argentina) during spring and summer of two years: Morejón stream (S1), De la Cruz stream upstream (S2), downstream (S3) and Arrecifes river (S4). Physicochemical parameters were measured in situ and in laboratory, and a Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated. Chronic toxicity bioassays were performed with surface water samples using Rhinella arenarum embryos and larvae. Also, oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation), neurotoxicity (butyrylcholinesterase) and genotoxicity (micronuclei frequency) biomarkers were measured at acute exposure, and an Integrated Biomarkers Response (IBR) index was calculated. The water quality varied between excellent and bad in S1, good and bad in S2 and S3, and bad and marginal in S4. S1 presented the greatest variability of pesticides and S4 the highest number of metals exceeding the limits for the local protection of aquatic life. Mainly, S4 caused lethality in R. arenarum larvae, reaching a maximum mortality of 83.3% at 504 h of exposure. The lethal toxicity of S1 and S2 varied between periods. Water samples from all sites altered the oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity biomarkers, and the IBR was negatively correlated with the WQI. The IBR reflected the effects of the degraded water quality on the exposed organisms. So, the importance of evaluating both physicochemical and ecotoxicological parameters to analyze integrally the water quality of polluted areas is highlighted. A degradation of the studied water bodies and its negative impact to the native amphibian R. arenarum were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Peluso
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, CONICET-UNSAM, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Cristina S Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, CONICET-UNSAM, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Diego Cristos
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de los Alimentos, Argentina
| | - Dante E Rojas
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de los Alimentos, Argentina
| | - Carolina M Aronzon
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, CONICET-UNSAM, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Azizishirazi A, Klemish JL, Pyle GG. Sensitivity of Amphibians to Copper. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1810-1821. [PMID: 33749926 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian populations are declining globally. Major drivers of these global declines are known. However, the contribution of these major drivers to population declines varies by the presence or absence and the interactive effect of drivers, thus creating local challenges for conservation of populations. Studies have determined that environmental contaminants contribute to amphibian population declines. However, there is a disagreement over the use of amphibians as sentinel species in ecotoxicological testing rather than the traditional taxa used, fish and invertebrates. Reviews of ecotoxicological studies have demonstrated that amphibians are generally less sensitive than fish and invertebrates to different groups of contaminants. Nonetheless, because of the distinct nature and mechanism of toxicity of various contaminants, it is necessary to study contaminants individually to be able to come to any conclusion on the relative sensitivity of amphibians. Copper is one of the most studied environmental contaminants. We conducted a literature review of Cu toxicity to amphibians and the relative sensitivity of amphibians to other aquatic animals. The available data suggest that although amphibians may be tolerant of acute Cu exposure, they are relatively sensitive to chronic exposure (i.e., 100-fold greater sensitivity to chronic compared to acute exposure). In addition, ecologically relevant endpoints specific to amphibians (e.g., duration of metamorphosis and behavior) are shown to provide a better understanding of their sensitivity compared to traditional endpoints (e.g., survival and growth). Our current knowledge on amphibian sensitivity is far from complete. Considering the current status of this globally threatened class of animals, it is necessary to fill the knowledge gaps regarding their sensitivity to individual contaminants, beginning with Cu. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1810-1821. © 2021 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azizishirazi
- British Columbia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaimie L Klemish
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory G Pyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peluso J, Pérez Coll CS, Aronzon CM. In situ exposure of amphibian larvae (Rhinella fernandezae) to assess water quality by means of oxidative stress biomarkers in water bodies with different anthropic influences. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129598. [PMID: 33465620 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ bioassays provide valuable information about the environment and offer more realistic results than usual laboratory experiments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of water bodies from the lower Paraná River basin, the second most important in South America, through analysis of physiochemical parameters, metals and pesticides and in situ exposure of Rhinella fernandezae larvae to assess oxidative stress biomarkers. The sites were: S1(Morejón stream, reference); S2, S3(De la Cruz stream upstream and downstream, respectively) and S4(Arrecifes River). In all sites, dissolved oxygen was low, atrazine was detected and Cu was higher than the limit for aquatic life protection. According to the water quality index, S2, S3 and S4 presented bad water quality, while S1 good water quality. Larvae were exposed in situ for 96h in order to analyze: lipid peroxidation(TBARS) as oxidative damage, antioxidant enzymatic (catalase-CAT-, superoxide dismutase-SOD- and glutathione s-transferase-GST-) and non-enzymatic defenses (reduced glutathione-GSH-). Larvae exposed in the most impacted sites (S2, S3 and S4) presented oxidative stress since the levels of TBARS were around 2 times higher than in S1. Also, the other oxidative stress biomarkers were altered in larvae exposed at S2, S3 and S4. These results highlight the importance of analyzing oxidative stress biomarkers during in situ exposures since they are useful tools for documenting the extent of exposure at sublethal levels. The complex pollution of the water bodies affected the exposed larvae, which may jeopardize the native populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Peluso
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA. Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Cristina S Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA. Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Carolina M Aronzon
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA. Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Acquaroni M, Svartz G, Pérez Coll C. Developmental Toxicity Assessment of a Chlorothalonil-Based Fungicide in a Native Amphibian Species. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:680-690. [PMID: 32313977 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of a commercial formulation of the fungicide chlorothalonil in sensitive stages of the native amphibian Rhinella arenarum (Ra) was assessed by means continuous treatments from embryo and larval development and 24-h pulse exposures evaluating acute and chronic lethal and sublethal effects and stage-dependent sensitivity. A risk assessment of chlorothalonil in Ra development also was performed. The results of continuous exposure in embryos showed a significant toxicity increase with exposure time, whereas sensitivity of larvae remained relatively constant through time (24 and 504-h LC50 = 0.86 and 0.04 mg L-1, and 0.37 and 0.34 mg L-1 for embryos and larvae respectively). Embryos exhibited several sublethal effects, such as delayed development, tail/axial flexures, edemas, and behavioral alterations. The 96-h NOEC values for lethal and sublethal effects were 0.025 and 0.01 mg L-1 respectively, so the 96-h Teratogenic Index was 2.5, which indicates the severe teratogenic potential of the fungicide. For 24-h pulse exposure experiments, S.21 and S.23 were the most sensitive stages for lethality (504-h NOEC = 0.05 mg L-1), whereas earlier stages exhibited severe morphological alterations. The results obtained in this study and the ecological risk evaluation highlight the severe toxicity of chlorothalonil threatening the continuity of Ra populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Acquaroni
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Svartz
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Peluso J, Aronzon CM, Ríos de Molina MDC, Rojas DE, Cristos D, Pérez Coll CS. Integrated analysis of the quality of water bodies from the lower Paraná River basin with different productive uses by physicochemical and biological indicators. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114434. [PMID: 32259719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Paraná River basin is one of the most important in South America and is affected by human activities that take place on its margins. In particular, the De la Cruz stream flows through an industrial pole and the Arrecifes River goes mainly through agricultural fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the water quality of the De la Cruz stream (S1) and the Arrecifes River (S2) by means of physicochemical parameters, including metals and pesticides concentrations. Since amphibians are good indicators of environmental quality, bioassays with Rhinella arenarum were carried on. For lethal and sublethal parameters, embryos and larvae were exposed to a dilution gradient of water samples and AMPHITOX Solution (AS) as negative control for 504 h. For the determination of oxidative stress biomarkers (Catalase -CAT-, Glutathione S-Transferase -GST-, Reduced Glutathione -GSH-, and lipid peroxidation -TBARS-), embryos and larvae were exposed to undiluted water samples and AS. For the determination of micronuclei, larvae at hind limb bud stage (S.28) were exposed to undiluted water samples, simultaneously with negative and positive controls (AS and cyclophosphamide 40 mg/L, respectively). Dissolved oxygen was low in both sites and the copper levels exceeded the Argentine limit for the protection of aquatic life. In embryos exposure, water sample from S1 caused lethal effects (504h-LC50 = 49 (28-71.6)%), increased TBARS levels, and GST and CAT activities. In larvae exposure, water sample from this site decreased CAT activity, while the water sample from S2 caused important lethal effects (504h-LC50 = 98.72 (60.60-302.52)%), low GSH levels and increased GST activity. Water samples from both sites induced higher micronuclei frequency than the negative control. This study alerts about the degradation of water quality of the studied sites including lethal and sublethal effects in R. arenarum that can jeopardize the native populations of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Peluso
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650-San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Carolina M Aronzon
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650-San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Ríos de Molina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de los Alimentos, Argentina
| | - Dante E Rojas
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Cristos
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina S Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650-San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aronzon CM, Peluso J, Coll CP. Mixture toxicity of copper and nonylphenol on the embryo-larval development of Rhinella arenarum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13985-13994. [PMID: 32036534 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Copper and nonylphenol are two commonly found chemicals in the aquatic environment, particularly in the distribution area of the amphibian Rhinella arenarum. The current work evaluated the lethal toxicity of equitoxic and non-equitoxic binary mixtures of copper and nonylphenol on embryos and larvae of the South America toad by means of the standardized test, AMPHITOX. Joint toxicity of mixtures was assessed in several proportions of these compounds at different exposure times and was analyzed at different level of mortality effect (LC10, LC50 and LC90). Considering the LC50, the equitoxic mixture was always antagonistic independently of the exposure time and the developmental stage. Joint toxicity showed mainly an antagonistic pattern; nonetheless, some time-dependent additive interactions were observed. Regarding the LC10, synergistic interactions were found in embryos and larvae exposed to two different mixture proportions at several exposure times. This highlights the possible synergism of these chemicals at environmentally relevant concentrations. These results point out the relevance of assessing joint toxicity of environmental pollutants for environmental risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mariel Aronzon
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia (1650), San Martin, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Peluso
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia (1650), San Martin, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia (1650), San Martin, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peluso J, Aronzon CM, Pérez Coll CS. Assessment of environmental quality of water bodies next to agricultural areas of Buenos Aires province (Argentina) by means of ecotoxicological studies with Rhinella arenarum. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:655-664. [PMID: 31177923 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1622979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of polluted water bodies from Buenos Aires Province on the development of native fauna. Ecotoxicological quality of water bodies from agricultural sites was evaluated by means of standardized laboratory bioassays with embryos and larvae of the native amphibian Rhinella arenarum. The organisms were acutely and chronically exposed to surface water samples from streams of Arrecifes (A), Pergamino (P) and Salto (S) districts that represent the most important agricultural core from the region. Lethal, sublethal and genotoxic effects were assessed. Water sample from (A) caused chronic toxicity (LC50:45.35%) in embryos, followed by (S) and the water sample from (P) was not toxic. In larvae, an inversion of the toxicity pattern was found. Thus, the 504 h-LC50s were 28.12%, 39% and 61% for (S), (P) and (A), respectively. A stage-dependent sensitivity was registered, being larvae more affected than embryos. Significant genotoxic effects, estimated by micronucleus test were observed in the larvae exposed to water samples from all sites. The present study warns about environmental degradation of surface waters next to agricultural areas of Buenos Aires Province. This fact jeopardizes R. arenarum populations in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Peluso
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, UNSAM, CONICET , San Martín , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , San Martín , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Carolina M Aronzon
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, UNSAM, CONICET , San Martín , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , San Martín , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Cristina S Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, UNSAM, CONICET , San Martín , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , San Martín , Provincia de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sievers M, Hale R, Swearer SE, Parris KM. Contaminant mixtures interact to impair predator-avoidance behaviours and survival in a larval amphibian. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:482-488. [PMID: 29913416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Global declines in amphibian populations are a significant conservation concern, and environmental contamination is likely a contributing driver. Although direct toxicity may be partly responsible, contaminants are often present at sub-lethal concentrations in the wild. Behavioural end-points are becoming an increasingly useful method to estimate the impact of contaminants, particularly if the behavioural responses manifest to affect individual fitness (i.e. survival, growth, or reproduction). In the wild, most animals are affected by multiple stressors, and determining how these interact to affect behaviour is critical for understanding the ecological implications of contaminant exposure. Here, we examined the individual and interactive effect of the heavy metal copper and the insecticide imidacloprid on mortality rates and anti-predator behaviours of spotted marsh frog (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis) tadpoles. This common species frequently occupies and breeds in contaminated stormwater and agricultural wetlands, where copper and imidacloprid are often present. These contaminants may alter behaviour via physiological and neurological pathways, as well as affecting how tadpoles respond to chemical cues. Tadpoles suffered unexpectedly high mortality rates when exposed to imidacloprid concentrations well below published LC50 concentrations. Only unexposed tadpoles significantly avoided predator cues. Copper and imidacloprid reduced swimming speed and distance, and escape responses, while increasing erratic swimming. We observed an interactive effect of imidacloprid and copper on erratic swimming, but in general imidacloprid and copper did not act synergistically. Our results suggest that as contaminants enter waterbodies, tadpoles will suffer considerable direct mortality, reduced foraging capacity, and increased susceptibility to predation. Our results provide the first evidence of imidacloprid affecting amphibian behaviour, and highlight both the adverse effects of copper and imidacloprid, and the importance of exploring the effect of multiple contaminants simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sievers
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Robin Hale
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen E Swearer
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kirsten M Parris
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lanctôt CM, Cresswell T, Callaghan PD, Melvin SD. Bioaccumulation and Biodistribution of Selenium in Metamorphosing Tadpoles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5764-5773. [PMID: 28423270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an important macronutrient with a very narrow margin between essentiality and toxicity. Amphibians are hypothesized to be particularly sensitive due to the potential for metamorphosis-driven mobilization, which could transfer or concentrate contaminant burdens within specific organs. We explored the potential role of tissue degeneration and remodeling during anuran metamorphosis as a mechanism for altering tissue-specific Se burdens. Limnodynastes peronii tadpoles were exposed to dissolved 75Se (as selenite) for 7 days and depurated until completion of metamorphosis. Bioaccumulation and retention kinetics were assessed in whole tadpoles and excised tissues using gamma spectroscopy, and temporal changes in biodistribution were assessed using autoradiography. Tadpoles retained Se throughout metamorphosis, and partitioned the element predominantly within digestive and excretory tissues, including livers > mesonephros > guts > gallbladder. Importantly, our results demonstrate that Se biodistribution varies significantly throughout development. This is indicative of tissue transference, and particularly in tissues developing de novo after depuration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating Se transference during metamorphic tissue remodelling. Further research is warranted to explore the fate and metabolism of Se (and other metal and metalloids) during anuran development and the implications of transference for influencing toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal M Lanctôt
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment, Griffith University , Southport, Queensland 4215, Australia
| | - Tom Cresswell
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) , Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Paul D Callaghan
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) , Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Steven D Melvin
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment, Griffith University , Southport, Queensland 4215, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fonovich TM, Perez-Coll CS, Fridman O, D'Eramo JL, Herkovits J. Phospholipid changes in Rhinella arenarum embryos under different acclimation conditions to copper. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 189:10-6. [PMID: 27394964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Fonovich
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Argentina
| | - Cristina S Perez-Coll
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Argentina; Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, (UNSAM), Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Fridman
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Av. San Juan 951, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José L D'Eramo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Salud, Fundación PROSAMA., Paysandú 752, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Herkovits
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Salud, Fundación PROSAMA., Paysandú 752, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hojman JY, Meichtry JM, Litter MI, Pérez Coll CS. Abatement of toxicity of effluents containing Cr(VI) by heterogeneous photocatalysis. Toxicity assessment by AMPHITOX assay. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:545-550. [PMID: 26432027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of a Cr(VI) solution before and after treatment by TiO2 heterogeneous photocatalysis (HP) was performed with AMPHITOX bioassay. Changes in toxicity on Rhinella arenarum larvae for 10-d were monitored after exposure to an untreated Cr(VI) solution and to the same solution after HP treatment. The HP treatment of a 41.60 mg L(-1) Cr(VI) solution reduced to 37.5% the concentration of the metal ion. A 10-fold reduction in toxicity at acute exposure (72 h) and 150-fold reduction in toxicity after 240 h was found. Further, the LOEC value increased from 0.001% for the untreated solution to 0.153% after HP treatment. Moreover, the safe concentration in untreated solution corresponded to 0.0001% sample, and it was 0.01% after the treatment, i.e., 100 times higher. A saving of water of about 100,000 L per L of effluent would be possible through dilution to allow safer concentrations for discharge; the saving would reach the highest value (1,000,000 L per L) at 240 h. Sub-lethal effects were completely absent in larvae exposed to the treated solution. The AMPHITOX test allowed to detect chronic effects at low Cr concentrations, i.e. at environmentally relevant levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Y Hojman
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Gral. San Martín, Campus Miguelete, Av. 25 de Mayo y Martín de Irigoyen, 1650 San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Martín Meichtry
- Gerencia Química, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, 1650 San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Rivadavia 1917, 1033 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta I Litter
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Gral. San Martín, Campus Miguelete, Av. 25 de Mayo y Martín de Irigoyen, 1650 San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Gerencia Química, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, 1650 San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Rivadavia 1917, 1033 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina S Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Gral. San Martín, Campus Miguelete, Av. 25 de Mayo y Martín de Irigoyen, 1650 San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Av. Rivadavia 1917, 1033 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Herkovits J, Castañaga LA, D'Eramo JL, Jourani VP. Living organisms influence on environmental conditions: pH modulation by amphibian embryos versus aluminum toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:210-215. [PMID: 26126231 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The LC10, 50 and 90/24h of aluminum for Rhinella arenarum embryos at complete operculum stage were 0.55, 0.75 and 1mgAl(3+)/L respectively. Those values did not change significantly by expanding the exposure period till 168h. The aluminum toxicity was evaluated in different pH conditions by means of a citrate buffer resulting for instance, 1mgAl(3+)/L at pH 4, 4.1, 5 and 6 in 100%, 70%, 35% and 0% of lethality respectively. As an outstanding feature, the embryos changed the pH of the maintaining media both in the case of Al(3+) or citrate buffer treatments toward neutral. 10 embryos in 40mL of AMPHITOX solution were able to increase the pH from 4.2 to 7.05, a fact related with a metabolic shift resulting in an increase in nitrogen loss as ammonia. Our study point out the natural selection of the most resistant amphibian embryos both for pH or aluminum as well as the capacity of living organisms (as a population) to alter their chemical environment toward optimal conditions for their survival. As these facts occur at early life stages, it expand the concept that living organisms at ontogenic stages are biomarker of environmental signatures of the evolutionary process (Herkovits, 2006) to a global Onto-Evo concept which imply also the feedback mechanisms from living organisms to shape environmental conditions in a way that benefits them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Herkovits
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Salud, Fundacion PROSAMA, Paysandú 752, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Luis Alberto Castañaga
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Salud, Fundacion PROSAMA, Paysandú 752, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Luis D'Eramo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Salud, Fundacion PROSAMA, Paysandú 752, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Platonova Jourani
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Salud, Fundacion PROSAMA, Paysandú 752, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu L, Wu L, Xue Y, Zhu J, Shi H. An assay to determine the sensitive window of embryos to chemical exposure usingXenopus tropicalis. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:685-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Costal Research; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Lijiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Costal Research; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Yingang Xue
- Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Center; Jiangsu 213001 China
| | - Jingmin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Costal Research; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Costal Research; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Flynn RW, Scott DE, Kuhne W, Soteropoulos D, Lance SL. Lethal and sublethal measures of chronic copper toxicity in the eastern narrowmouth toad, Gastrophryne carolinensis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:575-582. [PMID: 25475581 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many metals are acutely toxic to aquatic organisms at high concentrations and for some metals, such as copper (Cu), even low-level chronic contamination may be cause for conservation concern. Amphibian susceptibility to Cu has been examined in only a few species, and susceptibility is highly variable. The lethal and sublethal effects were examined of chronic aqueous Cu exposure on embryonic and larval eastern narrowmouth toads, Gastrophryne carolinensis. Copper levels as low as 10 μg Cu/L reduced embryonic and larval survival. Embryonic survivorship varied within- and between-source populations, with embryos derived from uncontaminated-wetland parents having greater survival at lower Cu levels than embryos from parents from a metal-contaminated constructed wetland. At 30 μg/L, embryos from the contaminated site had greater survival. Overall survival from oviposition to metamorphosis was 68.9% at 0 μg/L and 5.4% at 10 μg/L. Similarly, embryos exposed to ≥50 μg/L demonstrated developmental delays in transition from embryo to free-swimming larva. These results demonstrate a negative population-specific response to environmentally relevant levels of Cu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Wesley Flynn
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mariel AC, Alejandra BP, Silvia PCC. Developmental toxicity and risk assessment of nonylphenol to the South American toad, Rhinella arenarum. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:634-642. [PMID: 25195099 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of Nonylphenol, an emerging pollutant, on the common South American toad Rhinella arenarum was stage and time dependent, thus Median Lethal Concentrations (LC50) for acute (96h), short-term chronic (168h) and chronic exposure (336h) were 1.06; 0.96 and 0.17mgNP/L from embryonic period (S.4), whereas for exposure from larvae (S.25), LC50 remained constant at 0.37mgNP/L from 96h to 168h, decreasing to 0.11mgNP/L at 336h. NOEC-168h for exposure from embryos was 0.025mgNP/L. The Teratogenic Potential (NOEC-lethality/NOEC-sublethal effects) was 23 times higher than the threshold value, indicating a high risk for embryos to be malformed in absence of significant lethality and representing a threat for the species conservation. By comparing with other amphibians, the early development of R. arenarum was very sensitive to NP. The results highlight the relevance of extending the exposure time and look for the most sensitive stage in order to perform the bioassays for conservation purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aronzon Carolina Mariel
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3iA) Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia. C.P.: 1650. San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Babay Paola Alejandra
- Gerencia Química, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pérez Coll Cristina Silvia
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3iA) Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia. C.P.: 1650. San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Soteropoulos DL, Lance SL, Flynn RW, Scott DE. Effects of copper exposure on hatching success and early larval survival in marbled salamanders, Ambystoma opacum. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:1631-1637. [PMID: 24729474 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The creation of wetlands, such as urban and industrial ponds, has increased in recent decades, and these wetlands often become enriched in pollutants over time. One metal contaminant trapped in created wetlands is copper (Cu(2+)). Copper concentrations in sediments and overlying water may affect amphibian species that breed in created wetlands. The authors analyzed the Cu concentration in dried sediments from a contaminated wetland and the levels of aqueous Cu released after flooding the sediments with different volumes of water, mimicking low, medium, and high pond-filling events. Eggs and larvae of Ambystoma opacum Gravenhorst, a salamander that lays eggs on the sediments in dry pond beds that hatch on pond-filling, were exposed to a range of Cu concentrations that bracketed potential aqueous Cu levels in created wetlands. Embryo survival varied among clutches, but increased Cu levels did not affect embryo survival. At Cu concentrations of 500 µg/L or greater, however, embryos hatched earlier, and the aquatic larvae died shortly after hatching. Because Cu concentrations in sediments increase over time in created wetlands, even relatively tolerant species such as A. opacum may be affected by Cu levels in the posthatching environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Soteropoulos
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Aronzon CM, Marino DJG, Ronco AE, Pérez Coll CS. Differential toxicity and uptake of Diazinon on embryo-larval development of Rhinella arenarum. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 100:50-56. [PMID: 24485812 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diazinon, an anti-cholinesterase organophosphate, is an extensively used pesticide. The main objective of this work was to assess the lethal and sublethal effects of Diazinon and its comparison with the uptake by embryos and larvae of the common South American toad Rhinella arenarum by means of standardized bioassays during acute (96 h), short-term chronic (168 h) and chronic (504 h) exposures. Toxicity resulted time- and stage-dependent, thus the lethal concentration 50 for 96 h, 168 h and 504 h were 27.2; 20.1 and 6.8 mg Diazinon L(-1) for embryos and 8, 6.7 and 1.9 mg Diazinon L(-1) for larvae. It is noteworthy the remarkable differences found in the concentration which caused lethality with those causing adverse effects on development such as malformations (teratogenic effects). Therefore, the teratogenic index from 144 h was greater than two; the main adverse effects were axial flexures, irregular borders, wavy tail, microcephaly, malformed mouth and adhesive structures, gut miscoiling, underdeveloped gills, cloacal edema, desquamation and severe hydropsy. Moreover, the characteristic sublethal effect of Diazinon on larvae was abnormal behavior related to neurotoxicity with a NOEC-168 h of 4.5 mg Diazinon L(-1). Diazinon contents in R. arenarum were time-dependent and significantly related to exposure concentration for both embryos and larvae. Diazinon contents were also stage-dependent, as it was up to 27 times higher for organisms exposed from blastula stage onwards than early larvae. These facts and the Hazard Quotients, a numerical expression of ecological risk, of 2.73, which is above USEPA's Level of Concern, showed the threat that Diazinon represents for R. arenarum populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mariel Aronzon
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3iA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damián J G Marino
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115, C.P. 1900 La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia E Ronco
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115, C.P. 1900 La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Silvia Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3iA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, C.P. 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Araújo CVM, Shinn C, Moreira-Santos M, Lopes I, Espíndola ELG, Ribeiro R. Copper-driven avoidance and mortality in temperate and tropical tadpoles. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 146:70-75. [PMID: 24291082 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians have experienced an accentuated population decline in the whole world due to many factors, one of them being anthropogenic contamination. The present study aimed to assess the potential effect of copper, as a worldwide and reference contaminant, on the immediate decline of exposed population due to avoidance and mortality responses in tadpoles of three species of amphibians across climatic zones: a South American species, Leptodactylus latrans, a North American species, Lithobates catesbeianus, and a European species, Pelophylax perezi. A non-forced exposure system with a copper gradient along seven compartments through which organisms could freely move was used to assess the ability of tadpoles to detect and avoid copper contamination. All species were able to avoid copper at a concentration as low as 100 μg L(-1). At the lowest (sublethal) concentrations (up to 200 μg L(-1)) avoidance played an exclusive role for the population decline, whereas at the highest concentrations (> 450 μg L(-1)) mortality was the response determining population decline. The median concentrations causing exposed population immediate decline were 93, 106 and 180 μg L(-1) for Le. latrans, Li. catesbeianus and P. perezi, respectively. Contaminants might, therefore, act as environmental disruptors both by generating low-quality habitats and by triggering avoidance of tadpoles, which could be an important response contributing to dispersion patterns, susceptibility to future stressors and decline of amphibian populations (together with mortality).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano V M Araújo
- IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Cândida Shinn
- IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Matilde Moreira-Santos
- IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Evaldo L G Espíndola
- NEEA-Núcleo de Estudos em Ecossistemas Aquáticos, CRHEA, USP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Ribeiro
- IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hutler Wolkowicz IR, Aronzon CM, Pérez Coll CS. Lethal and sublethal toxicity of the industrial chemical epichlorohydrin on Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) embryos and larvae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 263 Pt 2:784-791. [PMID: 24231313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lethal and sublethal toxicity of the major chemical used in epoxide compounds, epichlorohydrin (ECH) was evaluated on the early life cycle of the common South American toad, Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae). The stages evaluated were (according to Del Conte and Sirlin): early blastula (S.3-S.4), gastrula (S.10-S.12), rotation (S.15), tail bud (S.17), muscular response (S.18), gill circulation (S.20), open mouth (S.21), opercular folds (S.23) and complete operculum (S.25). The LC50 and EC50 values for lethal and sublethal effects were calculated. The early blastula was the most sensitive stage to ECH both for continuously and pulse-exposures (LC50-24h=50.9 mg L(-1)), while S.20 was the most resistant (LC50-24h=104.9 mg L(-1)). Among sublethal effects, early blastula was also the most sensitive stage (LOEC-48 h=20 mg L(-1)) and it has a Teratogenic Index of 2.5, which indicates the teratogenic potential of the substance. The main abnormalities were persistent yolk plugs, cell dissociation, tumors, hydropsy, oral malformations, axial/tail flexures, delayed development and reduced body size. ECH also caused neurotoxicity including scarce response to stimuli, reduction in the food intake, general weakness, spasms and shortening, erratic or circular swimming. Industrial contamination is considered an important factor on the decline of amphibian populations. Considering the available information about ECH's toxicity and its potential hazard to the environment, this work shows the first results of its developmental toxicity on a native amphibian species, Rhinella arenarum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ianina R Hutler Wolkowicz
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1 piso (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Severtsova EA, Aguillon Gutierrez DR. Postembryonic development of anurans in ponds littered with metal-containing refuse (simulation experiments). BIOL BULL+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359013090094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|