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Lalloo F, Kulkarni A, Chau C, Nielsen M, Sheaff M, Steele J, van Doorn R, Wadt K, Hamill M, Torr B, Tischkowitz M, Hanson H. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and surveillance of BAP1 tumour predisposition syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:1261-1269. [PMID: 37607989 PMCID: PMC10620132 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) is a recognised tumour suppressor gene. Germline BAP1 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants are associated with predisposition to multiple tumours, including uveal melanoma, malignant pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma and specific non-malignant neoplasms of the skin, as part of the autosomal dominant BAP1-tumour predisposition syndrome. The overall lifetime risk for BAP1 carriers to develop at least one BAP1-associated tumour is up to 85%, although due to ascertainment bias, current estimates of risk are likely to be overestimated. As for many rare cancer predisposition syndromes, there is limited scientific evidence to support the utility of surveillance and, therefore, management recommendations for BAP1 carriers are based on expert opinion. To date, European recommendations for BAP1 carriers have not been published but are necessary due to the emerging phenotype of this recently described syndrome and increased identification of BAP1 carriers via large gene panels or tumour sequencing. To address this, the Clinical Guideline Working Group of the CanGene-CanVar project in the United Kingdom invited European collaborators to collaborate to develop guidelines to harmonize surveillance programmes within Europe. Recommendations with respect to BAP1 testing and surveillance were achieved following literature review and Delphi survey completed by a core group and an extended expert group of 34 European specialists including Geneticists, Ophthalmologists, Oncologists, Dermatologists and Pathologists. It is recognised that these largely evidence-based but pragmatic recommendations will evolve over time as further data from research collaborations informs the phenotypic spectrum and surveillance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Lalloo
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Anju Kulkarni
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Cindy Chau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Sheaff
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Steele
- Department of Oncology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monica Hamill
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK
| | - Beth Torr
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Hanson
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK.
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Greer SU, Chen J, Ogmundsdottir MH, Ayala C, Lau BT, Delacruz RGC, Sandoval IT, Kristjansdottir S, Jones DA, Haslem DS, Romero R, Fulde G, Bell JM, Jonasson JG, Steingrimsson E, Ji HP, Nadauld LD. Germline variants of ATG7 in familial cholangiocarcinoma alter autophagy and p62. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10333. [PMID: 35725745 PMCID: PMC9209431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a housekeeping mechanism tasked with eliminating misfolded proteins and damaged organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy deficiency results in increased oxidative stress, DNA damage and chronic cellular injury. Among the core genes in the autophagy machinery, ATG7 is required for autophagy initiation and autophagosome formation. Based on the analysis of an extended pedigree of familial cholangiocarcinoma, we determined that all affected family members had a novel germline mutation (c.2000C>T p.Arg659* (p.R659*)) in ATG7. Somatic deletions of ATG7 were identified in the tumors of affected individuals. We applied linked-read sequencing to one tumor sample and demonstrated that the ATG7 somatic deletion and germline mutation were located on distinct alleles, resulting in two hits to ATG7. From a parallel population genetic study, we identified a germline polymorphism of ATG7 (c.1591C>G p.Asp522Glu (p.D522E)) associated with increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma. To characterize the impact of these germline ATG7 variants on autophagy activity, we developed an ATG7-null cell line derived from the human bile duct. The mutant p.R659* ATG7 protein lacked the ability to lipidate its LC3 substrate, leading to complete loss of autophagy and increased p62 levels. Our findings indicate that germline ATG7 variants have the potential to impact autophagy function with implications for cholangiocarcinoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie U Greer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Margret H Ogmundsdottir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Carlos Ayala
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Billy T Lau
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Richard Glenn C Delacruz
- Intermountain Precision Genomics Program, Intermountain Healthcare, Saint George, UT, 84790, USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma University, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Imelda T Sandoval
- Intermountain Precision Genomics Program, Intermountain Healthcare, Saint George, UT, 84790, USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma University, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | | | - David A Jones
- Intermountain Precision Genomics Program, Intermountain Healthcare, Saint George, UT, 84790, USA
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma University, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Derrick S Haslem
- Intermountain Precision Genomics Program, Intermountain Healthcare, Saint George, UT, 84790, USA
| | - Robin Romero
- Intermountain Precision Genomics Program, Intermountain Healthcare, Saint George, UT, 84790, USA
| | - Gail Fulde
- Intermountain Precision Genomics Program, Intermountain Healthcare, Saint George, UT, 84790, USA
| | - John M Bell
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jon G Jonasson
- Department of Pathology, Landspítali-University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eirikur Steingrimsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hanlee P Ji
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Lincoln D Nadauld
- Intermountain Precision Genomics Program, Intermountain Healthcare, Saint George, UT, 84790, USA.
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Çalım-Gürbüz B, Güvendir İ, Ünal B, Erdoğan-Durmuş Ş, Topal CS, Ağaoğlu NB, Doğanay HL, Kızılboğa T, Zemheri IE. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of BAP1 Expression in Breast Cancer with Known BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations and Comparison with Histopathological Features. Int J Surg Pathol 2022; 30:397-404. [PMID: 35261270 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221085969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. BRCA-mutated breast cancers have specific pathological characteristics. BAP1 is a tumor suppressor gene that is important in many cancers with different pathways. The relationship between BRCA1 mutation and BAP1 immunohistochemical staining is still unclear. Our aim is to determine whether BAP1 immunohistochemical expression indicates BRCA mutation status in breast carcinomas with specific pathological characteristics. In addition, we aim to determine the histopathological characteristics of tumors according to BRCA mutations. Methods. Histomorphology, molecular subtypes and BAP1 immunohistochemical expression patterns of the BRCA1/BRCA2 mutated and non-mutated tumors were evaluated. The BAP1 immunohistochemical stain was applied to nine tumor tissues with the BRCA1 mutation, six tumor tissues with the BRCA2 mutation, and 16 tumor tissues without any BRCA mutation. Pearson's chi square test and the Fisher Freeman Halton test were used to analyze the associations between the datas. The statistical significance was considered as P value of <.05. Results. Immunohistochemical BAP1 loss was not detected in any mutated or non-mutated tumor group. BRCA1 mutated tumors had the statistically highest histopathological grade (P = .04) and BRCA1/2 mutated tumors had significant immunohistochemical triple negative expression pattern (P = .01). Conclusions. Intrinsic and histopathological characteristics may vary between BRCA1 mutated and non-BRCA1 mutated tumors. Also, BAP1 loss was not detected in BRCA mutated breast tumors because of several effects of BAP1 that are non-related with BRCA in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begüm Çalım-Gürbüz
- Pathology Department, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İrem Güvendir
- Pathology Department, 147021Health Sciences University Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Ünal
- Genomic Laboratory (GLAB), 147021Health Sciences University Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Cumhur Selçuk Topal
- Pathology Department, 147021Health Sciences University Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nihat Buğra Ağaoğlu
- Genomic Laboratory (GLAB), 147021Health Sciences University Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hamdi Levent Doğanay
- Genomic Laboratory (GLAB), 147021Health Sciences University Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Kızılboğa
- Genomic Laboratory (GLAB), 147021Health Sciences University Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Itır Ebru Zemheri
- Pathology Department, 147021Health Sciences University Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Seedor RS, Orloff M, Sato T. Genetic Landscape and Emerging Therapies in Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5503. [PMID: 34771666 PMCID: PMC8582814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite successful treatment of primary uveal melanoma, up to 50% of patients will develop systemic metastasis. Metastatic disease portends a poor outcome, and no adjuvant or metastatic therapy has been FDA approved. The genetic landscape of uveal melanoma is unique, providing prognostic and potentially therapeutic insight. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular and cytogenetic mutations in uveal melanoma, and the importance of obtaining such information. Most of our knowledge is based on primary uveal melanoma and a better understanding of the mutational landscape in metastatic uveal melanoma is needed. Clinical trials targeting certain mutations such as GNAQ/GNA11, BAP1, and SF3B1 are ongoing and promising. We also discuss the role of liquid biopsies in uveal melanoma in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rino S. Seedor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (M.O.); (T.S.)
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Shao YF, DeBenedictis M, Yeaney G, Singh AD. Germ Line BAP1 Mutation in Patients with Uveal Melanoma and Renal Cell Carcinoma. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2021; 7:340-345. [PMID: 34722490 DOI: 10.1159/000516695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can occur sporadically and as a manifestation of BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome. We aimed to understand the prevalence of germ line BAP1 pathogenic variants in patients with UM and RCC. We reviewed patients managed at Cleveland Clinic between November 2003 and November 2019 who were diagnosed with UM and RCC. Charts were reviewed for demographic and cancer-related characteristics. RCC samples were tested for BAP1 protein expression using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and testing for germ line BAP1 pathogenic variants was performed as part of routine clinical care. Thirteen patients were included in the study. The average age at diagnosis of UM was 61.3 years. Seven patients underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy for prognostic testing of UM (low risk =5, high risk =2). Twelve patients were treated with plaque radiation therapy, and 3 patients developed metastatic disease requiring systemic therapy. The median time to diagnosis of RCC from time of diagnosis of UM was 0 months. RCC samples were available for 7 patients for BAP1 IHC staining (intact =6, loss =1). All patients underwent nephrectomy (total = 3, partial = 8, unknown =2), and 1 received systemic therapy for metastatic RCC. Six patients underwent germ line BAP1 genetic testing. Of these, 1 patient was heterozygous for a pathogenic variant of BAP1 gene: c.1781-1782delGG, p.Gly594Valfs*48. The overall prevalence of germ line BAP1 pathogenic variants in our study was high (1/6; 17%; 95% CI 0-46%). Patients with UM and RCC should be referred for genetic counseling to discuss genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusra F Shao
- Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Gabrielle Yeaney
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Arun D Singh
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Tabuenca Del Barrio L, Nova-Camacho LM, Zubicoa Enériz A, Martínez de Espronceda Ezquerro I, Córdoba Iturriagagoitia A, Borque Rodríguez-Maimón E, García-Layana A. Prognostic Factor Utility of BAP1 Immunohistochemistry in Uveal Melanoma: A Single Center Study in Spain. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215347. [PMID: 34771510 PMCID: PMC8582434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As uveal melanoma metastasis rates are still very high, the mechanisms by which it spreads need to be evaluated. Our research sought to determine which pathological and clinical features were correlated with the prognosis of uveal melanoma in a Spanish community. BAP1 (BRCA1-Associated Protein 1) gene mutation is one of the strongest predictors for metastasis in uveal melanoma. The BAP1 protein has a tumor suppressor function and the presence of the BAP1 protein can be shown using immunohistochemical staining. Our study showed that nuclear BAP1 immunostaining had a significant correlation with survival rate in our sample, and patients with a lack of nuclear BAP1 immunostaining should be considered high-risk and receive a close follow-up. This stain can be used as routine technique in the pathological examination of uveal melanoma. Abstract Even today, the mortality rate for uveal melanoma (UM) remains very high. In our research, we sought to determine which pathological and clinical features were correlated with the prognosis of UM. BAP1 (BRCA1-Associated Protein 1) gene mutation has been analyzed as one of the strongest predictors for metastasis in UM. The BAP1 gene codifies the BAP1 protein which has a tumor suppressor function. The presence of this protein can be determined by BAP1 immunohistochemical staining. Eighty-four uveal melanoma patients and forty enucleated eyeballs were examined. Metastasis was present in 24 patients. Nuclear BAP1 staining was low in 23 patients. The presence of a higher large basal diameter tumor (p < 0.001), tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (p = 0.020), and a lack of nuclear BAP1 immunostaining (p = 0.001) ocurred significantly more often in the metastatic group. Metastasis-free survival was lower in patients with low nuclear BAP1 staining (p = 0.003). In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that BAP1 staining has been studied in uveal melanoma in a Spanish community. We believe that this technique should become routine in the pathological examination of uveal melanoma in order to allow adequate classification of patients and to establish an individual follow-up plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tabuenca Del Barrio
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Department of Ophthalmology, Calle Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pam-plona, Spain; (A.Z.E.); (E.B.R.-M.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Calle Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.d.E.E.); (A.G.-L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luiz Miguel Nova-Camacho
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Department of Pathology, Calle Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplo-na, Spain; (L.M.N.-C.); (A.C.I.)
| | - Alicia Zubicoa Enériz
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Department of Ophthalmology, Calle Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pam-plona, Spain; (A.Z.E.); (E.B.R.-M.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Calle Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.d.E.E.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - Iñigo Martínez de Espronceda Ezquerro
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Calle Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.d.E.E.); (A.G.-L.)
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Department of Dermatology, Calle Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplo-na, Spain
| | - Alicia Córdoba Iturriagagoitia
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Department of Pathology, Calle Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplo-na, Spain; (L.M.N.-C.); (A.C.I.)
| | - Enrique Borque Rodríguez-Maimón
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Department of Ophthalmology, Calle Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pam-plona, Spain; (A.Z.E.); (E.B.R.-M.)
| | - Alfredo García-Layana
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Calle Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.M.d.E.E.); (A.G.-L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida de Pio XII 36, 31008 Pam-plona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Kolbach-Rengifo M, Alfaro-Sepúlveda D, Villarroel A, Martin-Parada C, González-Bombardiere S. Melanocytic BAP-1-Mutated Atypical Intradermal Tumor in Two Siblings: A Case Report. Am J Dermatopathol 2020; 42:694-6. [PMID: 32000218 DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000001615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytic BAP-1-mutated atypical intradermal tumor (MBAIT) is a tumor that appears early on life. It can be the first manifestation of a tumor predisposition syndrome. Prompt diagnosis will allow for the implementation of early screening techniques for associated malignancies. We present a case of 2 siblings with MBAITs and their future management.
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Zaayman M, Nguyen P, Silfvast-Kaiser A, Frieder J, West C, Tumminello K, Paek SY. BAPoma presenting as an incidental scalp papule: case report, literature review, and screening recommendations for BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome. J DERMATOL TREAT 2021; 33:1855-1860. [PMID: 34106034 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2021.1939847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) tumor predisposition syndrome (BAP1-TPDS) is associated with an increased risk for aggressive cancers. BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumors (BIMTs) are observed in 75% of BAP1-TPDS, often presenting as early as the second decade of life. These lesions may serve as a predictive marker to identify patients who carry germline BAP1 mutations and thus are at higher risk of developing associated cancers. Early diagnosis for these malignancies is crucial for curative treatment. METHODS We report a patient who presented with an incidental scalp papule for which biopsy was consistent with a BIMT. A review of literature was conducted by accessing the PubMed database to delineate present knowledge of BIMTs, assess recommendations for screening of germline BAP1 mutations, and evaluate cancer surveillance strategies for BAP1-TPDS associated cancers. RESULTS Consensus in literature indicates that genetic evaluation should be encouraged in patients presenting with multiple BIMTs or a new BIMT with significant family history of BAP1-TPDS related cancers. If positive for a germline BAP1 mutation, cancer surveillance should be recommended for early diagnosis and timely intervention. CONCLUSIONS Further workup should be encouraged in patients who meet the proposed screening criteria for germline BAP1 mutations. Patients could benefit from cancer surveillance for earlier diagnosis, management, and improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Zaayman
- Division of Dermatology, Baylor Scott & White, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Peter Nguyen
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Jillian Frieder
- Division of Dermatology, Baylor Scott & White, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - So Yeon Paek
- Division of Dermatology, Baylor Scott & White, Dallas, TX, USA.,College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
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Parikh R, Gal-Or O, Sakurada Y, Leong B, Freund KB. DOCUMENTATION OF A NEW CHOROIDAL NEVUS. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2021; 15:202-206. [PMID: 30289791 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the occurrence of an acquired choroidal nevus in a 73-year-old white man. METHODS Case report. RESULTS A 73-year-old white man was referred for an evaluation and treatment of macular changes in his left eye consistent with pachychoroid neovasculopathy. Baseline funduscopic examination and color fundus photographs showed two small peripheral choroidal nevi in the right eye and a single small choroidal nevus in the far temporal macula of the left eye. Treatment with intravitreal aflibercept was initiated in the left eye on a treat-and-extend dosing regimen. Approximately 1 year later, a new pigmented choroidal lesion was detected in the left macula in an area where previous high-resolution color fundus photographs had shown no abnormal pigmentation. Swept-source optical coherence tomography of the new pigmented lesion showed flat hyperreflectivity within the inner choroid consistent with a small choroidal nevus. The patient was referred to his internist who found no evidence of an occult malignancy. Over the course of more than 4 additional years of continuous follow-up, the new choroidal nevus remained stable, no new fundus abnormalities were detected in either eye, and the patient remained medically stable. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of a new choroidal nevus. Multimodal imaging performed before lesion detection and over the ensuing 4 years showed its stability, thus allowing for the conclusion that it was a benign choroidal nevus rather than a neoplastic or paraneoplastic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Parikh
- LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, New York
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York
| | - Orly Gal-Or
- LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, New York
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoichi Sakurada
- LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, New York
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan ; and
| | - Belinda Leong
- LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, New York
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York
| | - K Bailey Freund
- LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, New York
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Singh N, Singh R, Bowen RC, Abdel-Rahman MH, Singh AD. Uveal Melanoma in BAP1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome: Estimation of Risk. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 224:172-177. [PMID: 33316260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate point prevalence of uveal melanoma in the patients with germline BAP1 pathogenic variant. DESIGN Cohort study with risk assessment using Bayesian analysis. METHODS The point prevalence estimate was obtained by Bayes's rule of reverse conditional probabilities. The probability of uveal melanoma given that BAP1 mutation exists was derived from the prevalence of uveal melanoma, prevalence of germline BAP1 pathogenic variants, and the probability of germline BAP1 pathogenic variant given that uveal melanoma is present. Confidence intervals (CIs) for each variable were calculated as the mean of Bernoulli random variables and for the risk estimate, by the delta method. The age at diagnosis and the gender of the uveal melanoma patients with BAP1 germline pathogenic variants obtained from previous publications or from authors' unpublished cohort was compared with those in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. RESULTS The point prevalence of uveal melanoma in patients with the germline BAP1 pathogenic variants in the US population was estimated to be 2.8% (95% CI, 0.88%-4.81%). In the SEER database, the median age at diagnosis of uveal melanomas was 63 (range 3-99 years) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.01:1. In comparison, uveal melanoma cases with BAP1 germline pathogenic variants from the US population (n = 27) had a median age at diagnosis of 50.5 years (range 16-71). CONCLUSIONS Quantification of the risk of developing uveal melanoma can enhance counseling regarding surveillance in patients with germline BAP1 pathogenic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul Singh
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Economics and Statistics and Data Science Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randy Chris Bowen
- Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohamed H Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Arun D Singh
- Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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11
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Goldberg Y, Laitman Y, Ben David M, Bazak L, Lidzbarsky G, Salmon LB, Shkedi-Rafid S, Barshack I, Avivi C, Darawshe M, Shomron N, Bruchim R, Vinkler C, Yannoukakos D, Fostira F, Bernstein-Molho R, Friedman E. Re-evaluating the pathogenicity of the c.783+2T>C BAP1 germline variant. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:592-599. [PMID: 33600035 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BAP1 germline pathogenic sequence variants (PSVs) underlie a unique tumor predisposition syndrome (BAP1-TPDS) associated with an increased lifetime risk for developing primarily pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma and uveal and cutaneous melanoma. Overwhelmingly, BAP1 PSVs are unique, family-specific inactivating variants. We identified seven families, six of Jewish Iraqi origin, harboring an identical BAP1 splice variant (c.783+2T>C), currently assigned a "likely pathogenic" status. Given a nonclassical BAP1-TPDS tumor type clustering and low penetrance in these families, the pathogenicity of this variant was re-evaluated by a combined approach including literature analysis, revised bioinformatics analysis, allelic loss, effect on the transcript, and tumor protein expression patterns. None of the three available tumors showed an allelic loss, there was no discernable effect on alternative splicing based on reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and there was no decrease or loss of somatic protein expression in 2/3 analyzed tumors. This led to assigning a Benign Strong (BS) criteria, BS4, supporting BS3 criteria, and weakening the Pathogenic Supporting (PP) criteria PP5. Combined, these data suggest that this sequence variant should be reclassified as a variant of unknown significance by American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Goldberg
- The Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Laitman
- Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Merav Ben David
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Radiation Oncology Unit, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lily Bazak
- The Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Gabriel Lidzbarsky
- The Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Lina B Salmon
- The Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shiri Shkedi-Rafid
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Pathology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Camila Avivi
- Pathology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Malak Darawshe
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Revital Bruchim
- Naot Clinic, Maccabi Health Care Organization, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Chana Vinkler
- Onco Genetis Unit, Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Rinat Bernstein-Molho
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Breast Cancer Unit, Institute of Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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12
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Slaught C, Berry EG, Bacik L, Skalet AH, Anadiotis G, Tuohy T, Leachman SA. Clinical challenges in interpreting multiple pathogenic mutations in single patients. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2021; 19:15. [PMID: 33541411 PMCID: PMC7863461 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-021-00172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the past two decades, genetic testing for cancer risk assessment has entered mainstream clinical practice due to the availability of low-cost panels of multiple cancer-associated genes. However, the clinical value of multiple-gene panels for cancer susceptibility is not well established, especially in cases where panel testing identifies more than one pathogenic variant. The risk for specific malignancies as a result of a mutated gene is complex and likely influenced by superimposed modifier variants and/or environmental effects. Recent data suggests that the combination of multiple pathogenic variants may be fewer than reported by chance, suggesting that some mutation combinations may be detrimental. Management of patients with “incidentally” discovered mutations can be particularly challenging, especially when established guidelines call for radical procedures (e.g. total gastrectomy in CDH1) in patients and families without a classic clinical history concerning for that cancer predisposition syndrome. Case presentation We present two cases, one of an individual and one of a family, with multiple pathogenic mutations detected by multi-gene panel testing to highlight challenges practitioners face in counseling patients about pathogenic variants and determining preventive and therapeutic interventions. Conclusions Ongoing investigation is needed to improve our understanding of inherited susceptibility to disease in general and cancer predisposition syndromes, as this information has the potential to lead to the development of more precise and patient-specific counseling and surveillance strategies. The real-world adoption of new or improved technologies into clinical practice frequently requires medical decision-making in the absence of established understanding of gene-gene interactions. In the meantime, practitioners must be prepared to apply a rationale based on currently available knowledge to clinical decision-making. Current practice is evolving to rely heavily on clinical concordance with personal and family history in making specific therapeutic decisions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13053-021-00172-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Slaught
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Suite 16D, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Berry
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Suite 16D, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Lindsay Bacik
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Health, Hershey, USA
| | - Alison H Skalet
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Suite 16D, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - George Anadiotis
- Legacy Cancer Institute, Cancer Genetics Services, Legacy Health Systems, Portland, USA
| | - Therese Tuohy
- Legacy Cancer Institute, Cancer Genetics Services, Legacy Health Systems, Portland, USA
| | - Sancy A Leachman
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Suite 16D, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
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13
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Diskin C, Ryan TAJ, O'Neill LAJ. Modification of Proteins by Metabolites in Immunity. Immunity 2020; 54:19-31. [PMID: 33220233 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunometabolism has emerged as a key focus for immunologists, with metabolic change in immune cells becoming as important a determinant for specific immune effector responses as discrete signaling pathways. A key output for these changes involves post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins by metabolites. Products of glycolysis and Krebs cycle pathways can mediate these events, as can lipids, amino acids, and polyamines. A rich and diverse set of PTMs in macrophages and T cells has been uncovered, altering phenotype and modulating immunity and inflammation in different contexts. We review the recent findings in this area and speculate whether they could be of use in the effort to develop therapeutics for immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Diskin
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - T A J Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - L A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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14
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Brandi G, Deserti M, Palloni A, Turchetti D, Zuntini R, Pedica F, Frega G, De Lorenzo S, Abbati F, Rizzo A, Di Marco M, Massari F, Tavolari S. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma development in a patient with a novel BAP1 germline mutation and low exposure to asbestos. Cancer Genet 2020; 248-249:57-62. [PMID: 33093002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1 associated protein-1 (BAP1) germline mutations define a novel hereditary cancer syndrome, namely BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome (BAP1-TPDS), characterized by an increased susceptibility to develop different cancer types, including mesothelioma, uveal and cutaneous melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. Currently, the role of BAP1 germline mutations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) pathogenesis is less known. Here we report the first clinical case of a female patient who developed an iCCA when she was 47-years-old and was found to carry a novel germline mutation at a splicing site of exon 4 in BAP1 gene (NM_004656.4: c.255_255+6del). An accurate anamnesis revealed the absence of risk factors linked to iCCA development, except for a low occupational exposure to asbestos. In tumor tissue, BAP1 sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and immunoistochemistry showed the loss of heterozygosity and lack of nuclear expression, suggesting that BAP1 wild-type allele and functional protein were lost in cancer cells, in line with the classical two-hit model of tumor suppressor genes. Further studies are needed to confirm whether iCCA may be included into BAP1-TPDS cancer phenotypes and whether minimal asbestos exposure may facilitate the development of this malignancy in individuals carrying BAP1 germline mutations.
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15
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Xiong Z, Xia P, Zhu X, Geng J, Wang S, Ye B, Qin X, Qu Y, He L, Fan D, Du Y, Tian Y, Fan Z. Glutamylation of deubiquitinase BAP1 controls self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoiesis. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190974. [PMID: 31699823 PMCID: PMC7041701 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Xiong et al. show that CCP3 performs deglutamylation of BAP1 to stabilize BAP1, which eliminates H2AK119Ub from Hoxa1 promoter and initiates Hoxa1 expression, leading to enhanced HSC self-renewal. All hematopoietic lineages are derived from a limited pool of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Although the mechanisms underlying HSC self-renewal have been extensively studied, little is known about the role of protein glutamylation and deglutamylation in hematopoiesis. Here, we show that carboxypeptidase CCP3 is most highly expressed in BM cells among CCP members. CCP3 deficiency impairs HSC self-renewal and hematopoiesis. Deubiquitinase BAP1 is a substrate for CCP3 in HSCs. BAP1 is glutamylated at Glu651 by TTLL5 and TTLL7, and BAP1-E651A mutation abrogates BAP1 glutamylation. BAP1 glutamylation accelerates its ubiquitination to trigger its degradation. CCP3 can remove glutamylation of BAP1 to promote its stability, which enhances Hoxa1 expression, leading to HSC self-renewal. Bap1E651A mice produce higher numbers of LT-HSCs and peripheral blood cells. Moreover, TTLL5 and TTLL7 deficiencies sustain BAP1 stability to promote HSC self-renewal and hematopoiesis. Therefore, glutamylation and deglutamylation of BAP1 modulate HSC self-renewal and hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Geng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Buqing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiwen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luyun He
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Fan
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Du
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of RNA Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zusen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Carbone M, Harbour JW, Brugarolas J, Bononi A, Pagano I, Dey A, Krausz T, Pass HI, Yang H, Gaudino G. Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Significance of BAP1 Mutations in Human Cancer. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1103-1120. [PMID: 32690542 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among more than 200 BAP1-mutant families affected by the "BAP1 cancer syndrome," nearly all individuals inheriting a BAP1 mutant allele developed one or more malignancies during their lifetime, mostly uveal and cutaneous melanoma, mesothelioma, and clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. These cancer types are also those that, when they occur sporadically, are more likely to carry somatic biallelic BAP1 mutations. Mechanistic studies revealed that the tumor suppressor function of BAP1 is linked to its dual activity in the nucleus, where it is implicated in a variety of processes including DNA repair and transcription, and in the cytoplasm, where it regulates cell death and mitochondrial metabolism. BAP1 activity in tumor suppression is cell type- and context-dependent. BAP1 has emerged as a critical tumor suppressor across multiple cancer types, predisposing to tumor development when mutated in the germline as well as somatically. Moreover, BAP1 has emerged as a key regulator of gene-environment interaction.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1079.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J William Harbour
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Angela Bononi
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - Ian Pagano
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - Anwesha Dey
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas Krausz
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai'i
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17
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Panou V, Røe OD. Inherited Genetic Mutations and Polymorphisms in Malignant Mesothelioma: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124327. [PMID: 32560575 PMCID: PMC7352726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is mainly caused by air-born asbestos but genetic susceptibility is also suspected to be a risk factor. Recent studies suggest an increasing number of candidate genes that may predispose to MM besides the well-characterized BRCA1-associated protein-1 gene. The aim of this review is to summarize the most important studies on germline mutations for MM. A total of 860 publications were retrieved from Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science, of which 81 met the inclusion criteria and were consider for this review. More than 50% of the genes that are reported to predispose to MM are involved in DNA repair mechanisms, and the majority of them have a role in the homologous recombination pathway. Genetic alterations in tumor suppressor genes involved in chromatin, transcription and hypoxia regulation have also been described. Furthermore, we identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that may promote MM tumorigenesis as a result of an asbestos-gene interaction, including SNPs in DNA repair, carcinogen detoxification and other genes previously associated with other malignancies. The identification of inherited mutations for MM and an understanding of the underlying pathways may allow early detection and prevention of malignancies in high-risk individuals and pave the way for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Panou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
| | - Oluf Dimitri Røe
- Clinical Institute, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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18
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Tedaldi G, Tebaldi M, Zampiga V, Cangini I, Pirini F, Ferracci E, Danesi R, Arcangeli V, Ravegnani M, Martinelli G, Falcini F, Ulivi P, Calistri D. Male Breast Cancer: Results of the Application of Multigene Panel Testing to an Italian Cohort of Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E269. [PMID: 32365798 PMCID: PMC7277207 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare tumor, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancers. In MBC, genetic predisposition plays an important role; however, only a few studies have investigated in depth the role of genes other than BRCA1 and BRCA2. We performed a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis with a panel of 94 cancer predisposition genes on germline DNA from an Italian case series of 70 patients with MBC. Moreover, we searched for large deletions/duplications of BRCA1/2 genes through the Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) technique. Through the combination of NGS and MLPA, we identified three pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 gene and six in the BRCA2 gene. Besides these alterations, we found six additional pathogenic/likely-pathogenic variants in PALB2, CHEK2, ATM, RAD51C, BAP1 and EGFR genes. From our study, BRCA1 and BRCA2 emerge as the main genes associated with MBC risk, but also other genes seem to be associated with the disease. Indeed, some of these genes have already been implicated in female breast cancer predisposition, but others are known to be involved in other types of cancer. Consequently, our results suggest that novel genes could be involved in MBC susceptibility, shedding new light on their role in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Tedaldi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (V.Z.); (I.C.); (F.P.); (E.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Michela Tebaldi
- Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Valentina Zampiga
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (V.Z.); (I.C.); (F.P.); (E.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Ilaria Cangini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (V.Z.); (I.C.); (F.P.); (E.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Francesca Pirini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (V.Z.); (I.C.); (F.P.); (E.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Elisa Ferracci
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (V.Z.); (I.C.); (F.P.); (E.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Rita Danesi
- Romagna Cancer Registry, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (R.D.); (M.R.); (F.F.)
| | | | - Mila Ravegnani
- Romagna Cancer Registry, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (R.D.); (M.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Fabio Falcini
- Romagna Cancer Registry, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (R.D.); (M.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (V.Z.); (I.C.); (F.P.); (E.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniele Calistri
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (V.Z.); (I.C.); (F.P.); (E.F.); (D.C.)
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Z Young
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sara L Fossum
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lori Lowe
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tobias Else
- Department of Internal Medicine - Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leslie A Fecher
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hakan Demirci
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kelly B Cha
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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20
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Angeli D, Salvi S, Tedaldi G. Genetic Predisposition to Breast and Ovarian Cancers: How Many and Which Genes to Test? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1128. [PMID: 32046255 PMCID: PMC7038038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast and ovarian cancers are some of the most common tumors in females, and the genetic predisposition is emerging as one of the key risk factors in the development of these two malignancies. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the best-known genes associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. However, recent advances in molecular techniques, Next-Generation Sequencing in particular, have led to the identification of many new genes involved in the predisposition to breast and/or ovarian cancer, with different penetrance estimates. TP53, PTEN, STK11, and CDH1 have been identified as high penetrance genes for the risk of breast/ovarian cancers. Besides them, PALB2, BRIP1, ATM, CHEK2, BARD1, NBN, NF1, RAD51C, RAD51D and mismatch repair genes have been recognized as moderate and low penetrance genes, along with other genes encoding proteins involved in the same pathways, possibly associated with breast/ovarian cancer risk. In this review, we summarize the past and more recent findings in the field of cancer predisposition genes, with insights into the role of the encoded proteins and the associated genetic disorders. Furthermore, we discuss the possible clinical utility of genetic testing in terms of prevention protocols and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Angeli
- Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Samanta Salvi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Tedaldi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
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21
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Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is associated with the exposure to asbestos fibers. Recent discovery of the BAP1 cancer syndrome, a Mendelian disorder with high-penetrance autosomal dominant inheritance fostered the genotyping for nucleotide-level or larger structural alteration of germline DNA. Inherited heterozygous mutations of the BAP1 gene increase the susceptibility to carcinogenic fibers, leading to a concept of gene x environment interaction (GxE) as a pathogenetic mechanism of mesothelioma. Several studies on cohorts of unselected patients with mesothelioma or on familial/early-onset cohorts of mesothelioma cases converged on BAP1 as the more frequent germline mutated gene, followed by other genes involved in DNA repair and homologous recombination. Evidence has been emerging that patients with mesothelioma carrying germline mutations of BAP1 and of other genes, such as those involved in DNA repair and tumor suppressor genes, have better prognosis and higher chemosensitivity when compared with patients with germline wildtype Bap1. We report here a germline genomic analysis targeted 22 genes in a cohort of 101 Japanese patients irrespective of asbestos exposure, age at diagnosis, or personal or family history of cancer. By comparing the results with the Human Genetic Variation Database (HGVD) and the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) we selected rare germline variants with a Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) >20. We show here that 31 of 101 subjects were carrying 25 rare variants in 14 genes, neither reported in the HGVD nor in the gnomAD database for 14/25 variants. Besides pathogenic variants of BAP1, rare missense variants were found in genes encoding lysine-specific histone methyltransferase SETD2 and SETDB1 and genes encoding subunits of the mSWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. The complete scenario of the genetic background consisting of pathogenic germline variants required for the predisposition and GxE for pathogenesis of mesothelioma appears complex, and further large-scale studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Yoshikawa
- Department of Genetic, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Emi
- Department of Genetic, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.,University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Center for Respiratory Medicine, Otemae Hospital, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Abstract
Mesothelioma has long been associated with the exposure to asbestos, which was largely used in manufacturing activities. Toxicology studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that asbestos fibers were carcinogenic, and epidemiology studies revealed that asbestos exposure was paralleled by the increase in the incidence of mesothelioma and related mortality rates. More recently, the role of chronic inflammation and the molecular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis by mineral fibers were elucidated following the discovery of the roles of HMGB1 and inflammasome. A change of paradigm was the discovery of a prevalence of mesotheliomas attributable to inherited mutations of cancer susceptibility genes. The discovery of BAP1 as a predisposition gene for the development of familial mesothelioma and other cancers implemented genome studies in patients with mesothelioma and routine clinical surveys in individuals at risk to identify germline mutations associated with cancers included in the BAP1 syndrome. A further progress in the approach to asbestos-related malignancy was the adoption of combined genetics and environmental analyses according to the model of gene-environment (GxE) interactions. This review aims at updating on the most recently discovered mechanisms of tumorigenesis and the pivotal role of GxE interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiaming Xue
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Haining Yang
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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23
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Maynard H, Stadler ZK, Berger MF, Solit DB, Ly M, Lowery MA, Mandelker D, Zhang L, Jordan E, El Dika I, Kemel Y, Ladanyi M, Robson ME, O'Reilly EM, Abou-Alfa GK. Germline alterations in patients with biliary tract cancers: A spectrum of significant and previously underappreciated findings. Cancer 2020; 126:1995-2002. [PMID: 32012241 PMCID: PMC7584349 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With limited information on germline mutations in biliary tract cancers, this study performed somatic and germline testing for patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center with known biliary tract carcinoma with the aim of determining the frequency and range of pathogenic germline alterations (PGAs). METHODS Patients with biliary tract carcinoma were consented for somatic tumor and matched blood testing of up to 468 genes via the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets next-generation sequencing platform. A germline variant analysis was performed on a panel of up to 88 genes associated with an increased predisposition for cancer. Demographic and diagnostic details were collected. RESULTS Germline mutations were tested in 131 patients. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was the most common cancer (63.4%), and it was followed by gallbladder adenocarcinoma (16.8%), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (16%), and otherwise unspecified biliary tract cancer (3.8%). Known and likely PGAs were present in 21 patients (16.0%), with 9.9% harboring a PGA in a high/moderate-penetrance cancer predisposition gene. Among high-penetrance cancer susceptibility genes, PGAs were most commonly observed in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (33.3%), which made up 5.3% of the entire cohort, and they were followed by PALB2, BAP1, and PMS2. Mutations in ATM, MITF, and NBN, moderate-penetrance cancer susceptibility genes, were identified in 1 patient each. There was no observed difference in the types of mutations among the subtypes of biliary tract cancer. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of PGAs found was comparable to existing data on the prevalence of germline mutations in other solid tumor types with matched tumor analysis. This provides support for the role of the BRCA1/2, ATM, and BAP1 genes in biliary tract cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Maynard
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zsofia K Stadler
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Michael F Berger
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - David B Solit
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Michele Ly
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Maeve A Lowery
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Liying Zhang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Emmett Jordan
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Imane El Dika
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yelena Kemel
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Mark E Robson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Eileen M O'Reilly
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ghassan K Abou-Alfa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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24
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Boru G, Grosel TW, Pilarski R, Stautberg M, Massengill JB, Jeter J, Singh A, Marino MJ, McElroy JP, Davidorf FH, Cebulla CM, Abdel-Rahman MH. Germline large deletion of BAP1 and decreased expression in non-tumor choroid in uveal melanoma patients with high risk for inherited cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:650-656. [PMID: 30883995 PMCID: PMC6612571 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common phenotype in patients with germline BAP1 mutation. This study aimed to identify selection criteria for BAP1 germline testing and assessed the role of large deletion/duplication and epigenetic inactivation. One hundred seventy-two UM patients with high risk of hereditary cancer were included. Germline variants in BAP1 were assessed by direct sequencing and large deletion/duplication by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. BAP1 expression in unaffected choroid tissue from a patient with UM was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and methylation by pyrosequencing. Twenty-eight patients had one or more germline sequence variants in BAP1; seven of these were pathogenic. One hundred forty patients were assessed for large deletion/duplication and in one BAP1 whole gene deletion was detected. In total, eight patients (4.7%) had pathogenic alterations in BAP1 with the highest frequencies of in patients with a personal/family history of ≥2 BAP1-related cancers 6/16 (38%), age of onset <35 years 4/21 (19%) and familial UM 6/34 (18%). One of 19 non-tumor choroid tissues tested showed uncharacteristically low expression as compared to the controls decrease in BAP1 RNA expression but no evidence of constitutional promotor hypermethylation was detected. UM patients with a strong personal or family history of cancers associated with BAP1, early age of onset and familial UM should be assessed for germline variants in BAP1, including large deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Boru
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
| | - Timothy W. Grosel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert Pilarski
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
| | - Meredith Stautberg
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
| | - James B. Massengill
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joanne Jeter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Arun Singh
- Cole Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Meghan J. Marino
- Cole Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joseph P. McElroy
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Frederick H. Davidorf
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
| | - Colleen M. Cebulla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mohamed H. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
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25
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Chau C, van Doorn R, van Poppelen NM, van der Stoep N, Mensenkamp AR, Sijmons RH, van Paassen BW, van den Ouweland AMW, Naus NC, van der Hout AH, Potjer TP, Bleeker FE, Wevers MR, van Hest LP, Jongmans MCJ, Marinkovic M, Bleeker JC, Jager MJ, Luyten GPM, Nielsen M. Families with BAP1-Tumor Predisposition Syndrome in The Netherlands: Path to Identification and a Proposal for Genetic Screening Guidelines. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081114. [PMID: 31382694 PMCID: PMC6721807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants in the BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) gene cause the BAP1-tumor predisposition syndrome (BAP1-TPDS, OMIM 614327). BAP1-TPDS is associated with an increased risk of developing uveal melanoma (UM), cutaneous melanoma (CM), malignant mesothelioma (MMe), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), meningioma, cholangiocarcinoma, multiple non-melanoma skin cancers, and BAP1-inactivated nevi. Because of this increased risk, it is important to identify patients with BAP1-TPDS. The associated tumors are treated by different medical disciplines, emphasizing the need for generally applicable guidelines for initiating genetic analysis. In this study, we describe the path to identification of BAP1-TPDS in 21 probands found in the Netherlands and the family history at the time of presentation. We report two cases of de novo BAP1 germline mutations (2/21, 9.5%). Findings of this study combined with previously published literature, led to a proposal of guidelines for genetic referral. We recommend genetic analysis in patients with ≥2 BAP1-TPDS-associated tumors in their medical history and/or family history. We also propose to test germline BAP1 in patients diagnosed with UM <40 years, CM <18 years, MMe <50 years, or RCC <46 years. Furthermore, other candidate susceptibility genes for tumor types associated with BAP1-TPDS are discussed, which can be included in gene panels when testing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Chau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Natasha M van Poppelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke van der Stoep
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf H Sijmons
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara W van Paassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicole C Naus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas P Potjer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fonnet E Bleeker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke R Wevers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Liselotte P van Hest
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn C J Jongmans
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Marinkovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco C Bleeker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gregorius P M Luyten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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26
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Betti M, Aspesi A, Sculco M, Matullo G, Magnani C, Dianzani I. Genetic predisposition for malignant mesothelioma: A concise review. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research 2019; 781:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Fouassier L, Marzioni M, Afonso MB, Dooley S, Gaston K, Giannelli G, Rodrigues CMP, Lozano E, Mancarella S, Segatto O, Vaquero J, Marin JJG, Coulouarn C. Signalling networks in cholangiocarcinoma: Molecular pathogenesis, targeted therapies and drug resistance. Liver Int 2019; 39 Suppl 1:43-62. [PMID: 30903728 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a deadly disease. While surgery may attain cure in a minor fraction of cases, therapeutic options in either the adjuvant or advanced setting are limited. The possibility of advancing the efficacy of therapeutic approaches to CCA relies on understanding its molecular pathogenesis and developing rational therapies aimed at interfering with oncogenic signalling networks that drive and sustain cholangiocarcinogenesis. These efforts are complicated by the intricate biology of CCA, which integrates not only the driving force of tumour cell-intrinsic alterations at the genetic and epigenetic level but also pro-tumorigenic cues conveyed to CCA cells by different cell types present in the rich tumour stroma. Herein, we review our current understanding of the mechanistic bases underpinning the activation of major oncogenic pathways causative of CCA pathogenesis. We subsequently discuss how this knowledge is being exploited to implement rationale-based and genotype-matched therapeutic approaches that predictably will radically transform CCA clinical management in the next decade. We conclude by highlighting the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in CCA and reviewing innovative approaches to combat resistance at the preclinical and clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fouassier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti - University Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marta B Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Molecular Hepatology Section, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kevin Gaston
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisa Lozano
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Serena Mancarella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Oreste Segatto
- Unit of Oncogenomics and Epigenetics, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Ecole Polytech., Univ. Paris-Sud, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cédric Coulouarn
- Inserm, Univ Rennes, Inra, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France
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28
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Christensen MB, Wadt K, Jensen UB, Lautrup CK, Bojesen A, Krogh LN, van Overeem Hansen T, Gerdes AM. Exploring the hereditary background of renal cancer in Denmark. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215725. [PMID: 31034483 PMCID: PMC6488054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every year more than 800 patients in Denmark are diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of which 3-5% are expected to be part of a hereditary renal cancer syndrome. We performed genetic screening of causative and putative RCC-genes (VHL, FH, FLCN, MET, SDHB, BAP1, MITF, CDKN2B) in RCC-patients suspected of a genetic predisposition. METHODS The cohort consisted of forty-eight Danish families or individuals with early onset RCC, a family history of RCC, a family history of RCC and melanoma or both RCC- and melanoma diagnosis in the same individual. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples or cancer-free formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. RESULTS One start codon variant of unknown clinical significance (VUS) (c.3G>A, p.Met1Ile) and one missense VUS (c.631A>C, p.Met211Leu) was found in VHL in a patient with RCC-onset at twenty-eight years of age but without other manifestations or family history of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL). Furthermore, in three families we found three different variants in BAP1, one of which was a novel non-segregating missense variant (c.1502G>A, p.Ser501Asn) in a family with two brothers affected with RCC. Finally, we found the known E318K-substitution in MITF in a RCC-affected member of a family with multiple melanomas. No variants were detected in CDKN2B. CONCLUSION Although we did find three VUS's in BAP1 in three families and a pathogenic variant in MITF in one family, pathogenic germline variants in BAP1, MITF or CDKN2B are not frequent causes of hereditary renal cancer in Denmark. It is possible that the high prevalence of risk factors such as male gender, smoking and obesity has influenced the development of cancer in the patients of the current study. Further investigations into putative predisposing genes and risk factors of RCC are necessary to enable better prediction of renal cancer risk or presymptomatic testing of relatives in hereditary renal cancer families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sygehus Lillebaelt, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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29
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Walpole S, Pritchard AL, Cebulla CM, Pilarski R, Stautberg M, Davidorf FH, de la Fouchardière A, Cabaret O, Golmard L, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Garfield E, Njauw CN, Cheung M, Turunen JA, Repo P, Järvinen RS, van Doorn R, Jager MJ, Luyten GPM, Marinkovic M, Chau C, Potrony M, Höiom V, Helgadottir H, Pastorino L, Bruno W, Andreotti V, Dalmasso B, Ciccarese G, Queirolo P, Mastracci L, Wadt K, Kiilgaard JF, Speicher MR, van Poppelen N, Kilic E, Al-Jamal RT, Dianzani I, Betti M, Bergmann C, Santagata S, Dahiya S, Taibjee S, Burke J, Poplawski N, O’Shea SJ, Newton-Bishop J, Adlard J, Adams DJ, Lane AM, Kim I, Klebe S, Racher H, Harbour JW, Nickerson ML, Murali R, Palmer JM, Howlie M, Symmons J, Hamilton H, Warrier S, Glasson W, Johansson P, Robles-Espinoza CD, Ossio R, de Klein A, Puig S, Ghiorzo P, Nielsen M, Kivelä TT, Tsao H, Testa JR, Gerami P, Stern MH, Paillerets BBD, Abdel-Rahman MH, Hayward NK. Comprehensive Study of the Clinical Phenotype of Germline BAP1 Variant-Carrying Families Worldwide. J Natl Cancer Inst 2018; 110:1328-1341. [PMID: 30517737 PMCID: PMC6292796 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) tumor predisposition syndrome (BAP1-TPDS) is a hereditary tumor syndrome caused by germline pathogenic variants in BAP1 encoding a tumor suppressor associated with uveal melanoma, mesothelioma, cutaneous melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and cutaneous BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumors. However, the full spectrum of tumors associated with the syndrome is yet to be determined. Improved understanding of the BAP1-TPDS is crucial for appropriate clinical management of BAP1 germline variant carriers and their families, including genetic counseling and surveillance for new tumors. Methods We collated germline variant status, tumor diagnoses, and information on BAP1 immunohistochemistry or loss of somatic heterozygosity on 106 published and 75 unpublished BAP1 germline variant-positive families worldwide to better characterize the genotypes and phenotypes associated with the BAP1-TPDS. Tumor spectrum and ages of onset were compared between missense and null variants. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results The 181 families carried 140 unique BAP1 germline variants. The collated data confirmed the core tumor spectrum associated with the BAP1-TPDS and showed that some families carrying missense variants can exhibit this phenotype. A variety of noncore BAP1-TPDS -associated tumors were found in families of variant carriers. Median ages of onset of core tumor types were lower in null than missense variant carriers for all tumors combined (P < .001), mesothelioma (P < .001), cutaneous melanoma (P < .001), and nonmelanoma skin cancer (P < .001). Conclusions This analysis substantially increases the number of pathogenic BAP1 germline variants and refines the phenotype. It highlights the need for a curated registry of germline variant carriers for proper assessment of the clinical phenotype of the BAP1-TPDS and pathogenicity of new variants, thus guiding management of patients and informing areas requiring further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Walpole
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antonia L Pritchard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - Colleen M Cebulla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Robert Pilarski
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Meredith Stautberg
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Frederick H Davidorf
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Odile Cabaret
- Département de Biopathologie, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Lisa Golmard
- Département De Biologie Des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Département De Biologie Des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U830, DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.), Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, University Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Erin Garfield
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ching-Ni Njauw
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mitchell Cheung
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joni A Turunen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Repo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reetta-Stiina Järvinen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Cindy Chau
- Department of Ophthalmology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Potrony
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Veronica Höiom
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hildur Helgadottir
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenza Pastorino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Genetics of Rare Cancers, University of Genoa, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - William Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Genetics of Rare Cancers, University of Genoa, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Virginia Andreotti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Genetics of Rare Cancers, University of Genoa, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bruna Dalmasso
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Genetics of Rare Cancers, University of Genoa, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Ciccarese
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Genetics of Rare Cancers, University of Genoa, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Queirolo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Karin Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Folke Kiilgaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael R Speicher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Natasha van Poppelen
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emine Kilic
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rana’a T Al-Jamal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Oncology Service, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Betti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Bioscientia Center for Human Genetics, Ingelheim, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandro Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sonika Dahiya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Saleem Taibjee
- Department of Dermatology, Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Dorchester, UK
| | - Jo Burke
- Tasmanian Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Hobart Hospital, TAS, Australia
| | - Nicola Poplawski
- Adult Genetics Unit, Medicine Directorate, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- University Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sally J O’Shea
- Dermatology Department, Mater Private Hospital Cork, Citygate, Mahon, Cork, Ireland
| | - Julia Newton-Bishop
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Julian Adlard
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Lane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Melanoma Center and Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ivana Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Melanoma Center and Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders University and SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - J William Harbour
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Michael L Nickerson
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rajmohan Murali
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jane M Palmer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Madeleine Howlie
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Judith Symmons
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hayley Hamilton
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sunil Warrier
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, The Terrace Eye Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - William Glasson
- Queensland Ocular Oncology Service, The Terrace Eye Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Johansson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Raul Ossio
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susana Puig
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Maartje Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tero T Kivelä
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hensin Tsao
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph R Testa
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Pedram Gerami
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties and Genetics of Rare Cancers, University of Genoa, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- The Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Marc-Henri Stern
- Département De Biologie Des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U830, DNA Repair and Uveal Melanoma (D.R.U.M.), Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Bressac-de Paillerets
- Département de Biopathologie, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Mohamed H Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Pathology, Menoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Ewens KG, Lalonde E, Richards-Yutz J, Shields CL, Ganguly A. Comparison of Germline versus Somatic BAP1 Mutations for Risk of Metastasis in Uveal Melanoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1172. [PMID: 30477459 PMCID: PMC6260582 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline mutations in BAP1 have been associated with BAP1-Tumor Predisposition Syndrome (BAP1-TPDS), a predisposition to multiple tumors within a family that includes uveal melanoma (UM), cutaneous melanoma, malignant mesothelioma and renal cell carcinoma. Alternatively, somatic mutations in BAP1 in UM have been associated with high risk for metastasis. In this study, we compare the risk of metastasis in UM that carry germline versus somatic BAP1 mutations and mutation-negative tumors. METHODS DNA extracted from 142 UM and matched blood samples was sequenced using Sanger or next generation sequencing to identify BAP1 gene mutations. RESULTS Eleven of 142 UM (8%) carried germline BAP1 mutations, 43 (30%) had somatic mutations, and 88 (62%) were mutation-negative. All BAP1 mutations identified in blood samples were also present in the matched UM. There were 52 unique mutations in 54 tumors. All were pathogenic or likely pathogenic. A comparison of tumors carrying somatic vs. germline mutations, or no mutations, showed a higher frequency of metastasis in tumors carrying somatic mutations: 74% vs. 36%, P=0.03 and 74% vs. 26% P<0.001, respectively. Tumors with a somatic mutation compared to mutation-negative had an older age of diagnosis of (61.8 vs. 52.2 years, P=0.002), and shorter time to metastasis (16 vs. 26 months, P=0.04). Kaplan-Meier analysis further showed that tumors with somatic (vs. germline) mutations demonstrated a greater metastatic risk (P=0.03). Cox multivariate analysis showed in addition to chromosome-3 monosomy and larger tumor diameter, the presence of BAP1 somatic, but not germline mutations, was significantly associated with risk of metastasis(P=0.02). Personal or family history of BAP1-TPDS was available for 79 of the cases. All eight cases with germline mutations reported a history of BAP1-TPDS, which was significantly greater than what was observed in cases with somatic mutations (10 of 23, P=0.009) or mutation-negative cases (11 of 48, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Defining germline vs. somatic nature of BAP1 mutations in UM can inform the individual about both the risk of metastasis, and the time to metastasis, which are critically important outcomes for the individual. This information can also change the cascade screening and surveillance of family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. G. Ewens
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145 United States
| | - E. Lalonde
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145 United States
| | - J. Richards-Yutz
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145 United States
| | - C. L. Shields
- Oncology Services, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, 840 Walnut St, Suite #1440, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 United States
| | - A. Ganguly
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145 United States
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31
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Hirosawa T, Ishida M, Ishii K, Kanehara K, Kudo K, Ohnuma S, Kamei T, Motoi F, Naitoh T, Selaru FM, Unno M. Loss of BAP1 expression is associated with genetic mutation and can predict outcomes in gallbladder cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206643. [PMID: 30395583 PMCID: PMC6218052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BRCA-1 associated protein (BAP1) is a de-ubiquitinating enzyme that regulates gene expression. Recently, the BAP1 mutation and its involvement in cancer survival have been reported in a range of tumor types, including uveal melanoma, mesothelioma, renal cancers, and biliary tract cancers. However, the frequency of BAP1 mutation and down-regulation varies among tumor types, and little is known about the function of BAP1 silencing in cancer cells. Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a type of biliary tract cancer with a poor prognosis. Few mutational studies have investigated the role of BAP1 in GBC, and no functional study in vitro-, or clinical studies about cancer survival have been done. Methods GBC cells were studied by following the small interfering RNA mediated silencing of BAP1 with regard to proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug sensitivity. We carried out genomic, epigenomic and immunohistochemical analyses to detect somatic BAP1 alterations in 47 GBC patients undergoing surgical resection. Results BAP1 depletion resulted in increased migration and invasion, but not proliferation, and also resulted in decreased sensitivity to bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor. Suppressed expression of BAP1 occurred in 22 GBC cases (46.8%) and showed a strong trend toward a worse median survival time of 13.3 months (95% CI, 17.6–62.6) (p = 0.0034). Sanger sequencing revealed a loss-of-function mutation of BAP1 in 11 out of these 22 GBC cases (50%) with low BAP1 expression, whereas 2 out of 25 GBC cases (8%) were detected in cases with high BAP1 expression. Partial changes in methylation were observed in 6 out of 47 cases, but methylation did not show a strong relationship to BAP1 expression or to the prognosis. Conclusion Our findings showed that genetic mutations are involved in BAP1 down-regulation, leading to promotion of the invasive character of cancer cells and poor prognosis in GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hirosawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masaharu Ishida
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kentaro Ishii
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keigo Kanehara
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Kudo
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinobu Ohnuma
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Motoi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Naitoh
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Florin M. Selaru
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Liao L, Liu ZZ, Langbein L, Cai W, Cho EA, Na J, Niu X, Jiang W, Zhong Z, Cai WL, Jagannathan G, Dulaimi E, Testa JR, Uzzo RG, Wang Y, Stark GR, Sun J, Peiper S, Xu Y, Yan Q, Yang H. Multiple tumor suppressors regulate a HIF-dependent negative feedback loop via ISGF3 in human clear cell renal cancer. eLife 2018; 7:37925. [PMID: 30355451 PMCID: PMC6234029 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas VHL inactivation is a primary event in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the precise mechanism(s) of how this interacts with the secondary mutations in tumor suppressor genes, including PBRM1, KDM5C/JARID1C, SETD2, and/or BAP1, remains unclear. Gene expression analyses reveal that VHL, PBRM1, or KDM5C share a common regulation of interferon response expression signature. Loss of HIF2α, PBRM1, or KDM5C in VHL-/-cells reduces the expression of interferon stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), a transcription factor that regulates the interferon signature. Moreover, loss of SETD2 or BAP1 also reduces the ISGF3 level. Finally, ISGF3 is strongly tumor-suppressive in a xenograft model as its loss significantly enhances tumor growth. Conversely, reactivation of ISGF3 retards tumor growth by PBRM1-deficient ccRCC cells. Thus after VHL inactivation, HIF induces ISGF3, which is reversed by the loss of secondary tumor suppressors, suggesting that this is a key negative feedback loop in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liao
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Pathology, Yale University, Connecticut, United States
| | - Zongzhi Z Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, Connecticut, United States
| | - Lauren Langbein
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Weijia Cai
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Eun-Ah Cho
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, United States.,Fox Chase Cancer Center, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jie Na
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, United States
| | - Xiaohua Niu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Zhijiu Zhong
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Wesley L Cai
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, Connecticut, United States
| | - Geetha Jagannathan
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Essel Dulaimi
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Robert G Uzzo
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, United States
| | - George R Stark
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, United States
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Stephen Peiper
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yaomin Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Tennessee, United States
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, Connecticut, United States
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, United States
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Betti M, Aspesi A, Ferrante D, Sculco M, Righi L, Mirabelli D, Napoli F, Rondón-Lagos M, Casalone E, Vignolo Lutati F, Ogliara P, Bironzo P, Gironi CL, Savoia P, Maffè A, Ungari S, Grosso F, Libener R, Boldorini R, Valiante M, Pasini B, Matullo G, Scagliotti G, Magnani C, Dianzani I. Sensitivity to asbestos is increased in patients with mesothelioma and pathogenic germline variants in BAP1
or other DNA repair genes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018; 57:573-583. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Betti
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Department of Translational Medicine, Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CPO-Piemonte; University of Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Marika Sculco
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Luisella Righi
- Department of Oncology; University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital; Turin Italy
| | - Dario Mirabelli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology; CPO-Piemonte and University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - Francesca Napoli
- Department of Oncology; University of Turin at San Luigi Hospital; Turin Italy
| | - Milena Rondón-Lagos
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; Tunja Colombia
| | - Elisabetta Casalone
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine; Turin Italy
| | | | - Paola Ogliara
- Medical Genetics Unit; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza; Turin Italy
| | - Paolo Bironzo
- Department of Oncology; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - C. Laura Gironi
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Paola Savoia
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Antonella Maffè
- Molecular Genetics and Biology Unit; Santa Croce e Carle Hospital; Cuneo Italy
| | - Silvana Ungari
- Molecular Genetics and Biology Unit; Santa Croce e Carle Hospital; Cuneo Italy
| | - Federica Grosso
- Division of Medical Oncology; SS. Antonio e Biagio General Hospital; Alessandria Italy
| | - Roberta Libener
- Pathology Unit; SS. Antonio e Biagio General Hospital; Alessandria Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Pathological Anatomy; University of Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Michele Valiante
- Clinical Genetics Unit, AO San Camillo-Forlanini; University La Sapienza; Rome Italy
| | - Barbara Pasini
- Medical Genetics Unit; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza; Turin Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine; Turin Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza; Turin Italy
| | | | - Corrado Magnani
- Department of Translational Medicine, Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CPO-Piemonte; University of Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Piemonte Orientale; Novara Italy
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Cohen VML, Pavlidou E, DaCosta J, Arora AK, Szyszko T, Sagoo MS, Szlosarek P. Staging Uveal Melanoma with Whole-Body Positron-Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Abdominal Ultrasound: Low Incidence of Metastatic Disease, High Incidence of Second Primary Cancers. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2018; 25:91-95. [PMID: 30122854 PMCID: PMC6071338 DOI: 10.4103/meajo.meajo_96_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report the results of staging primary uveal melanoma with whole-body (18) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and abdominal ultrasound. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2012, patients with uveal melanoma over 4 mm in thickness were staged with FDG PET/CT and abdominal ultrasound. RESULTS: Over 2 years, 108 patients with medium-to-large melanoma underwent dual imaging. According to the tumor, node, and metastasis classification, there were 75% T3, 11% T2, and 14% T1 uveal melanomas. Only, three of 108 patients (2.8%) were found to have metastatic uveal melanoma. All three had liver metastases confirmed following biopsy; one of three had additional extrahepatic widespread metastases. In these three patients, liver findings using both imaging techniques were consistent in one patient. In the second case, abdominal ultrasound missed the diagnosis of metastatic disease; however, FDG PET/CT revealed intense metabolic activity of the liver. In the third case, PET/CT missed the liver metastases; however, this was identified on abdominal ultrasound. PET/CT identified incidental second primary malignancies in 10 patients (9%). Second malignancies were found in the lung, breast, colon, thyroid, and adrenal gland. Abdominal ultrasound detected benign hepatic abnormalities in 20 patients (18%). CONCLUSIONS: Whole-body PET/CT and abdominal ultrasound complement each other in the staging of uveal melanoma. Benign hepatic abnormalities found using ultrasound is common. Of importance, a second asymptomatic primary malignancy associated with uveal melanoma was detected almost one in 10 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M L Cohen
- Ocular Oncology Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital and St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Efthymia Pavlidou
- Ocular Oncology Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital and St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Joanna DaCosta
- Ocular Oncology Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital and St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Amit K Arora
- Ocular Oncology Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital and St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Teressa Szyszko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Barts health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mandeep S Sagoo
- Ocular Oncology Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital and St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Peter Szlosarek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts health NHS Trust, London, UK
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35
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Kittaneh M, Berkelhammer C. Detecting germline BAP1 mutations in patients with peritoneal mesothelioma: benefits to patient and family members. J Transl Med 2018; 16:194. [PMID: 30001711 PMCID: PMC6044070 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in the BRCA-1 associated tumor protein 1 (BAP1) increase susceptibility to mesothelioma and other cancers. We describe a patient with a family history of peritoneal mesothelioma, who developed malignant peritoneal mesothelioma at age 45 in the absence of known asbestos exposure. These findings lead us to hypothesize that the mesothelioma occurred in the setting of germline a BAP1 mutation. This was confirmed by genetic testing. The subsequent therapeutic choices for the patient and testing of at-risk family members highlight the importance of recognizing this genetic syndrome and screening for individuals at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaiad Kittaneh
- Loyola University, 15300 West Avenue, Orland Park, IL, 60462, USA.
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36
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Hylebos M, Op de Beeck K, van den Ende J, Pauwels P, Lammens M, van Meerbeeck JP, Van Camp G. Molecular analysis of an asbestos-exposed Belgian family with a high prevalence of mesothelioma. Fam Cancer 2018; 17:569-576. [DOI: 10.1007/s10689-018-0095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare tumour with a high propensity to metastasize. Although no effective treatment for metastases yet exists, prognostication in UM is relevant for patient counselling, planning of follow-up and stratification in clinical trials. Besides conventional clinicopathologic characteristics, genetic tumour features with prognostic significance have been identified. Non-random chromosome aberrations such as monosomy 3 and gain of chromosome 8q are strongly correlated with metastatic risk, while gain of chromosome 6p indicates a low risk. Recently, mutations in genes such as BAP1, SF3B1 and EIF1AX have been shown to be related to patient outcome. Genetics of UM is a rapidly advancing field, which not only contributes to the understanding of the pathogenesis of this cancer, but also results in further refinement of prognostication. Concomitantly, advances have been made in the use of genetic tests. New methods for genetic typing of UM have been developed. Despite the considerable progress made recently, many questions remain, such as those relating to the reliability of prognostic genetic tests, and the use of biopsied or previously irradiated tumour tissue for prognostication by genetic testing. In this article, we review genetic prognostic indicators in UM, also comparing available genetic tests, addressing the clinical application of genetic prognostication and discussing future perspectives for improving genetic prognostication in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Dogrusöz
- Department of Ophthalmology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Martine J. Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
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Abstract
CONTEXT - Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a component of the BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome. Other than in BAP1 familial studies, nonmesothelial neoplasms in individuals with MM has not been comprehensively assessed. OBJECTIVE - To assess the spectrum and prevalence of nonmesothelial neoplasms in individuals with MM. DESIGN - Individuals with MM and second neoplasms were identified from a database of 3900 MM cases. The expected prevalence of each type of neoplasm was calculated and compared with the actual prevalence in the study population using available Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data and other published data. RESULTS - Two hundred seventy nonmesothelial neoplasms were identified in 241 individuals (6% of the study population) with MM. Prostate adenocarcinoma was most common. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, lung carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, breast carcinoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, multiple myeloma/plasmacytoma, meningioma, pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, ocular melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, liposarcoma, and Wilms tumor all were more prevalent than expected. CONCLUSIONS - Nonmesothelial neoplasms are uncommon in individuals with MM, but certain tumor types are increased in prevalence. In an unselected study population with respect to BAP1 status, the prevalence of several tumor types described in BAP1 mutation carriers, including lung carcinoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, breast carcinoma, meningioma, pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma, and ocular melanoma, was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Victor L Roggli
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (Dr Butnor); and the Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Drs Pavlisko, Sporn, and Roggli)
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Star P, Goodwin A, Kapoor R, Conway RM, Long GV, Scolyer RA, Guitera P. Germline BAP1-positive patients: the dilemmas of cancer surveillance and a proposed interdisciplinary consensus monitoring strategy. Eur J Cancer 2018; 92:48-53. [PMID: 29413689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The germline BAP1 (BRCA1-associated protein-1) mutation and associated cancer pre-disposition syndrome was first described in 2011. Since then, physicians have considered this diagnosis for patients with a characteristic personal or family history of BAP1-associated tumours (mainly uveal and cutaneous melanoma, pleural/peritoneal mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma and BAP1-deficient melanocytic lesions). However, a positive germline BAP1 mutation detection creates significant uncertainty in terms of appropriate cancer surveillance. A number of groups have proposed surveillance plans but important management dilemmas remain unresolved. The lifetime risk of developing cancer is not known and it is not clear if surveillance would lead to detecting cancer at an earlier stage or change survival outcomes. A consensus monitoring strategy was initially proposed at the Melanoma Institute Australia Melanoma Multidisciplinary Team meeting and later discussed with specialists in the field of cancer genetics, pathology, radiology, medical oncology, ophthalmology and dermatology. The objectives were to facilitate early diagnosis, incorporating where possible, clinically based and low/non-ionising radiation imaging modalities, applying the principles of a good screening test and a multidisciplinary focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Star
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Annabel Goodwin
- Cancer Genetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rony Kapoor
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - R Max Conway
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Ocular Oncology Unit, Save Sight Institute, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Pascale Guitera
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre (SMDC), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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Farquhar N, Thornton S, Coupland SE, Coulson JM, Sacco JJ, Krishna Y, Heimann H, Taktak A, Cebulla CM, Abdel-Rahman MH, Kalirai H. Patterns of BAP1 protein expression provide insights into prognostic significance and the biology of uveal melanoma. J Pathol Clin Res 2017; 4:26-38. [PMID: 29416875 PMCID: PMC5783957 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare aggressive intraocular tumour with a propensity for liver metastases, occurring in ∼50% of patients. The tumour suppressor BAP1 is considered to be key in UM progression. Herein, we present the largest study to date investigating cellular expression patterns of BAP1 protein in 165 UMs, correlating these patterns to prognosis. Full clinical, histological, genetic, and follow‐up data were available for all patients. BAP1 gene sequencing was performed on a subset of 26 cases. An independent cohort of 14 UMs was examined for comparison. Loss of nuclear BAP1 (nBAP1) protein expression was observed in 54% (88/165) UMs. nBAP1 expression proved to be a significant independent prognostic parameter: it identified two subgroups within monosomy 3 (M3) UM, which are known to have a high risk of metastasis. Strikingly, nBAP1‐positiveM3 UMs were associated with prolonged survival compared to nBAP1‐negative M3 UMs (Log rank, p = 0.014). nBAP1 protein loss did not correlate with a BAP1 mutation in 23% (6/26) of the UMs analysed. Cytoplasmic BAP1 protein (cBAP1) expression was also observed in UM: although appearing ‘predominantly diffuse’ in most nBAP1‐negative UM, a distinct ‘focal perinuclear’ expression pattern – localized immediately adjacent to the cis Golgi – was seen in 31% (18/59). These tumours tended to carry loss‐of‐function BAP1 mutations. Our study demonstrates loss of nBAP1 expression to be the strongest prognostic marker in UM, confirming its importance in UM progression. Our data suggest that non‐genetic mechanisms account for nBAP1 loss in a small number of UMs. In addition, we describe a subset of nBAP1‐negative UM, in which BAP1 is sequestered in perinuclear bodies, most likely within Golgi, warranting further mechanistic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Farquhar
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineInstitute of Translational Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Sophie Thornton
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineInstitute of Translational Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineInstitute of Translational Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK.,Department of Cellular PathologyRoyal Liverpool University HospitalLiverpoolUK
| | - Judy M Coulson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of Translational Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Joseph J Sacco
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineInstitute of Translational Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK.,Department of Medical OncologyClatterbridge Cancer CentreClatterbridgeUK
| | - Yamini Krishna
- Department of Cellular PathologyRoyal Liverpool University HospitalLiverpoolUK
| | - Heinrich Heimann
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineInstitute of Translational Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK.,Liverpool Ocular Oncology CentreRoyal Liverpool University HospitalLiverpoolUK
| | - Azzam Taktak
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineInstitute of Translational Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK.,Department of Medical Physics & Clinical EngineeringRoyal Liverpool University HospitalLiverpoolUK
| | - Colleen M Cebulla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceHavener Eye Institute, The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Mohamed H Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceHavener Eye Institute, The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA.,Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Helen Kalirai
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer MedicineInstitute of Translational Medicine, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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Kaszuba MC, Pulido JS, Folpe AL, Pichurin PN, Goodenberger ML, Spinner RJ. Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in a Patient With BAP1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome. World Neurosurg 2017; 109:362-364. [PMID: 29061454 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1), a nuclear ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase with evidence suggestive of independent tumor suppressor function, predispose affected families to uveal melanoma, cutaneous melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, and possibly a range of other tumors and malignancies as part of the BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome, a recently recognized hereditary cancer syndrome. CASE DESCRIPTION A 50-year-old woman presented with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the left fifth metatarsal head. Further examination revealed a right renal mass and left breast mass. Her family history was significant for astrocytoma, melanoma, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Genetic testing revealed a BAP1 mutation in the proband. CONCLUSIONS Although there have been reports of sarcomas and meningiomas in patients affected with BAP1 mutations, to our knowledge malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in this patient population have not been previously reported. We report a case of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a patient affected by a BAP1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Kaszuba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Jose S Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew L Folpe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Pavel N Pichurin
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Robert J Spinner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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42
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Haugh AM, Njauw CN, Bubley JA, Verzì AE, Zhang B, Kudalkar E, VandenBoom T, Walton K, Swick BL, Kumar R, Rana HQ, Cochrane S, McCormick SR, Shea CR, Tsao H, Gerami P. Genotypic and Phenotypic Features of BAP1 Cancer Syndrome: A Report of 8 New Families and Review of Cases in the Literature. JAMA Dermatol 2017; 153:999-1006. [PMID: 28793149 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Importance Patients with germline mutations in BAP1 may develop several flesh-colored melanocytic BAP1-mutated atypical intradermal tumors (MBAITs). These tumors generally develop earlier than other BAP1-associated tumors, highlighting an important role for dermatologists in identifying and screening patients with a history suggestive of a germline mutation. Objective To describe 8 new families with germline mutations in BAP1 and provide a comprehensive review of reported cases. Design, Settings and Participants Patients were identified in an outpatient dermatology clinical setting over a 6-month period (10 mutation carriers from 8 families) and through a literature review using PubMed (205 patients). Exposures Mutations were identified through next-generation sequencing of saliva or blood samples, and RNA was extracted from fibroblasts cultured from a patient with an intronic variant to determine the impact of the mutation on the coding sequence. Main Outcomes and Measures All 215 patients were assessed for personal and/or family history and genotype. These findings were compiled and assessed for any association between genotype and phenotype. Results Overall, this study included 215 patients (108 women, 91 men, and 16 gender unspecified; median [range] age, 46.5 [10.0-79.0] years). Nine of the 10 patients who were identified in the outpatient dermatology setting were found to have MBAITs on clinical examination. Forty of 53 patients (75%) identified in the literature review who underwent total-body skin examinations (TBSE) were found to have MBAITs, suggesting a high penetrance in patients who have undergone TBSE. The most prevalent malignancies among BAP1 mutation carriers were uveal melanoma (n = 60 [28%]), mesothelioma (n = 48 [22%]), cutaneous melanoma (n = 38 [18%]), and renal cell carcinoma (n = 20 [9%]). A total of 71 unique mutations in BAP1 have been reported. Conclusions and Relevance Our results indicate that germline mutations in both coding and noncoding regions throughout the BAP1 gene can impair protein function, leading to an increased risk for several associated malignancies. Four of the 8 probands we present had no history of BAP1-associated malignancies and were assessed for germline mutations when found to have MBAITs on dermatologic examination. Dermatologists can identify patients with a high likelihood of the BAP1 cancer syndrome through personal and family history and TBSE for the presence of possible MBAITs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Haugh
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ching-Ni Njauw
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Jeffrey A Bubley
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anna Elisa Verzì
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emily Kudalkar
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Timothy VandenBoom
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kara Walton
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian L Swick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, and Iowa City VAMC, Iowa City
| | - Raj Kumar
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Huma Q Rana
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusettss
| | | | | | - Christopher R Shea
- Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hensin Tsao
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Pedram Gerami
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,The Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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43
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Shields CL, Say EAT, Hasanreisoglu M, Saktanasate J, Lawson BM, Landy JE, Badami AU, Sivalingam MD, Hauschild AJ, House RJ, Daitch ZE, Mashayekhi A, Shields JA, Ganguly A. Personalized Prognosis of Uveal Melanoma Based on Cytogenetic Profile in 1059 Patients over an 8-Year Period. Ophthalmology 2017; 124:1523-1531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Mandelker D, Zhang L, Kemel Y, Stadler ZK, Joseph V, Zehir A, Pradhan N, Arnold A, Walsh MF, Li Y, Balakrishnan AR, Syed A, Prasad M, Nafa K, Carlo MI, Cadoo KA, Sheehan M, Fleischut MH, Salo-Mullen E, Trottier M, Lipkin SM, Lincoln A, Mukherjee S, Ravichandran V, Cambria R, Galle J, Abida W, Arcila ME, Benayed R, Shah R, Yu K, Bajorin DF, Coleman JA, Leach SD, Lowery MA, Garcia-Aguilar J, Kantoff PW, Sawyers CL, Dickler MN, Saltz L, Motzer RJ, O'Reilly EM, Scher HI, Baselga J, Klimstra DS, Solit DB, Hyman DM, Berger MF, Ladanyi M, Robson ME, Offit K. Mutation Detection in Patients With Advanced Cancer by Universal Sequencing of Cancer-Related Genes in Tumor and Normal DNA vs Guideline-Based Germline Testing. JAMA 2017; 318:825-835. [PMID: 28873162 PMCID: PMC5611881 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.11137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Guidelines for cancer genetic testing based on family history may miss clinically actionable genetic changes with established implications for cancer screening or prevention. OBJECTIVE To determine the proportion and potential clinical implications of inherited variants detected using simultaneous sequencing of the tumor and normal tissue ("tumor-normal sequencing") compared with genetic test results based on current guidelines. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS From January 2014 until May 2016 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10 336 patients consented to tumor DNA sequencing. Since May 2015, 1040 of these patients with advanced cancer were referred by their oncologists for germline analysis of 76 cancer predisposition genes. Patients with clinically actionable inherited mutations whose genetic test results would not have been predicted by published decision rules were identified. Follow-up for potential clinical implications of mutation detection was through May 2017. EXPOSURE Tumor and germline sequencing compared with the predicted yield of targeted germline sequencing based on clinical guidelines. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Proportion of clinically actionable germline mutations detected by universal tumor-normal sequencing that would not have been detected by guideline-directed testing. RESULTS Of 1040 patients, the median age was 58 years (interquartile range, 50.5-66 years), 65.3% were male, and 81.3% had stage IV disease at the time of genomic analysis, with prostate, renal, pancreatic, breast, and colon cancer as the most common diagnoses. Of the 1040 patients, 182 (17.5%; 95% CI, 15.3%-19.9%) had clinically actionable mutations conferring cancer susceptibility, including 149 with moderate- to high-penetrance mutations; 101 patients tested (9.7%; 95% CI, 8.1%-11.7%) would not have had these mutations detected using clinical guidelines, including 65 with moderate- to high-penetrance mutations. Frequency of inherited mutations was related to case mix, stage, and founder mutations. Germline findings led to discussion or initiation of change to targeted therapy in 38 patients tested (3.7%) and predictive testing in the families of 13 individuals (1.3%), including 6 for whom genetic evaluation would not have been initiated by guideline-based testing. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this referral population with selected advanced cancers, universal sequencing of a broad panel of cancer-related genes in paired germline and tumor DNA samples was associated with increased detection of individuals with potentially clinically significant heritable mutations over the predicted yield of targeted germline testing based on current clinical guidelines. Knowledge of these additional mutations can help guide therapeutic and preventive interventions, but whether all of these interventions would improve outcomes for patients with cancer or their family members requires further study. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01775072.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liying Zhang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yelena Kemel
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York
| | - Zsofia K Stadler
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Vijai Joseph
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ahmet Zehir
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nisha Pradhan
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Angela Arnold
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael F Walsh
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Yirong Li
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Meera Prasad
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Khedoudja Nafa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Maria I Carlo
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Karen A Cadoo
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Meg Sheehan
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Magan Trottier
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Anne Lincoln
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Semanti Mukherjee
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York
| | | | - Roy Cambria
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jesse Galle
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wassim Abida
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Ryma Benayed
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ronak Shah
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth Yu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Dean F Bajorin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Steven D Leach
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Maeve A Lowery
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Julio Garcia-Aguilar
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Charles L Sawyers
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Maura N Dickler
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Leonard Saltz
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Robert J Motzer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Eileen M O'Reilly
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Howard I Scher
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jose Baselga
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - David S Klimstra
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - David B Solit
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - David M Hyman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Michael F Berger
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York
| | - Mark E Robson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanie Chui
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Arjun Singh
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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46
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Loeser H, Waldschmidt D, Kuetting F, Schallenberg S, Zander T, Bollschweiler E, Hoelscher A, Weckermann K, Plum P, Alakus H, Buettner R, Quaas A. Somatic BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) loss is an early and rare event in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 7:225-228. [PMID: 28781790 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common malignant tumor worldwide, and the number of incidences of esophageal adenocarcinoma is increasing in the Western world. Despite improvements in perioperative treatment, the overall survival rate of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma remains poor. Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1)-associated protein (BAP1) is located on chromosome 3p21, and it is an enzyme with ubiquitin carboxyl hydrolase activity that regulates cell growth. It interacts with BRCA1, and the nuclear localization of BAP1 is required for its tumor suppressor function. BAP1 is frequently mutated in uveal melanomas, malignant mesothelioma and several carcinomas, including a subtype of renal cell carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Furthermore, several germline-associated mutations of tumors have been described (BAP1 hereditary cancer syndrome). However, the importance and frequency of BAP1 alterations in adenocarcinoma of the esophagus remain to be elucidated. In the present study, tissue microarrays of 332 resected adenocarcinomas (including a few cases of concomitant Barrett dysplasia) of the esophagus were constructed. The tumor tissue was analyzed using immunohistochemistry to investigate the levels of BAP1 expression. Fibroblasts or inflammatory cells served as an internal positive control. Three adenocarcinomas revealed nuclear loss of BAP1 (0.9%). One case with concomitant Barrett dysplasia also exhibited a loss of BAP1. Of the resected adenocarcinomas, 329 of them exhibited an intact and uniform strong nuclear staining pattern. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of BAP1 deficiency in adenocarcinomas of the esophagus. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that BAP1 loss is possibly an early event in esophageal adenocarcinoma. These results warrant further functional and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Loeser
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Waldschmidt
- Department of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Hepatology, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabian Kuetting
- Department of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Hepatology, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Zander
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Center of Integrated Oncology, University of Cologne, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne (GCGC), D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Elfriede Bollschweiler
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University of Cologne, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne (GCGC), D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnulf Hoelscher
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University of Cologne, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne (GCGC), D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Plum
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University of Cologne, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne (GCGC), D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hakan Alakus
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University of Cologne, Gastrointestinal Cancer Group Cologne (GCGC), D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
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Abstract
Like cancer generally, malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a genetic disease at the cellular level. DNA copy number analysis of mesothelioma specimens has revealed a number of recurrent sites of chromosomal loss, including 3p21.1, 9p21.3, and 22q12.2. The key inactivated driver genes located at 9p21.1 and 22q12.2 were discovered two decades ago as being the tumor suppressor loci CDKN2A and NF2, respectively. Only relatively recently was the BAP1 gene determined to be the driver gene at 3p21.1 that is somatically inactivated. In 2011, we reported germline mutations in BAP1 in two families with a high incidence of mesothelioma and other cancers such as uveal melanoma (UM). As a result of a flurry of research activity over the last 5-6 years, the BAP1 gene is now firmly linked causally to a novel tumor predisposition syndrome (TPDS) characterized by increased susceptibility to mesothelioma, UM, cutaneous melanoma (CM) and benign melanocytic tumors, as well as several other cancer types. Moreover, results from recent in vivo studies with genetically engineered Bap1-mutant mouse models and new functional studies have provided intriguing biological insights regarding BAP1's role in tumorigenesis. These and other recent findings offer new possibilities for novel preventative and therapeutic strategies for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Cheung
- Cancer Biology Program Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph R Testa
- Cancer Biology Program Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abdel-Rahman MH, Rai K, Pilarski R, Davidorf FH, Cebulla CM. Germline BAP1 mutations misreported as somatic based on tumor-only testing. Fam Cancer 2016; 15:327-30. [PMID: 26748926 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-016-9865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We present three unrelated patients with germline mutations in BAP1 misreported as somatic mutations. All had strong family histories of cancer. One of these patients presented with an invasive breast cancer with the tumor tissue showing partial loss of the mutant rather than the wild type allele, suggesting that the germline BAP1 mutation didn't contribute to breast cancer development in this patient. This data highlights the importance of sequencing matching germline and tumor DNA for proper assessment of somatic versus germline mutation status. In patients with somatic mutations reported from laboratories carrying out tumor-only genomic testing, the possibility that a variant may be a germline mutation should be considered, especially if the personal and/or family history suggests hereditary cancer predisposition. Since tumor-only testing can reveal germline mutations, ethical issues for patients being tested should be considered including proper consent and genetic counseling.
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Rai K, Pilarski R, Boru G, Rehman M, Saqr AH, Massengill JB, Singh A, Marino MJ, Davidorf FH, Cebulla CM, H Abdel-Rahman M. Germline BAP1 alterations in familial uveal melanoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 56:168-174. [PMID: 27718540 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most commonly diagnosed primary intraocular tumor in adults. Familial UM (FUM), defined as two or more family members diagnosed with UM, is rare and estimated at less than 1% of all UM. Currently, BAP1 is the only gene known to contribute significant risk for UM. In this study we aimed to estimate the frequency of BAP1 mutation in FUM and to characterize the family and personal histories of other cancers in these families. We identified 32 families with FUM, including seven families previously reported by our group. BAP1 mutation testing was carried out by direct sequencing of the coding exons and the adjacent untranslated regions of the gene. Germline deletion and duplication analysis of BAP1 was assessed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Germline BAP1 mutations were found in 6/32 (19%) families. No deletions or duplications were identified in any of the 24 samples tested by MLPA. Combined with published studies, the frequency of BAP1 mutations was 14/64 (22%) in FUM. FUM families without BAP1 mutations have distinct family histories with high rates of prostate cancer in first- and second-degree relatives. It is likely that additional genes conferring risk for FUM exist. It is important to understand key shared features of FUM to focus future research on identifying these additional tumor predisposition syndromes. Though BAP1 should be tested first in these families, FUM families without BAP1 mutation should be explored for additional predisposition genes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Rai
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert Pilarski
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Getachew Boru
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Muneeb Rehman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ahmad H Saqr
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James B Massengill
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Arun Singh
- Cole Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Meghan J Marino
- Cole Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Frederick H Davidorf
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Colleen M Cebulla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mohamed H Abdel-Rahman
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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