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Baldassarro VA, Perut F, Cescatti M, Pinto V, Fazio N, Alastra G, Parziale V, Bassotti A, Fernandez M, Giardino L, Baldini N, Calzà L. Intra-individual variability in the neuroprotective and promyelinating properties of conditioned culture medium obtained from human adipose mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:128. [PMID: 37170115 PMCID: PMC10173531 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater knowledge of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies is driving the research into their secretome, identified as the main element responsible for their therapeutic effects. The aim of this study is to characterize the individual variability of the secretome of adipose tissue-derived MSCs (adMSCs) with regard to potential therapeutical applications in neurology. METHODS adMSCs were isolated from the intact adipose tissue of ten subjects undergoing abdominal plastic surgery or reduction mammoplasty. Two commercial lines were also included. We analyzed the expansion rate, production, and secretion of growth factors of interest for neurological applications (VEGF-A, BDNF, PDGF-AA and AA/BB, HGF, NGF, FGF-21, GDNF, IGF-I, IGF-II, EGF and FGF-2). To correlate these characteristics with the biological effects on the cellular targets, we used individual media conditioned with adMSCs from the various donors on primary cultures of neurons/astrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) exposed to noxious stimuli (oxygen-glucose deprivation, OGD) to evaluate their protective and promyelinating properties, using MSC medium as a control group. RESULTS The MSC secretome showed significant individual variability within the considered population with regard to PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, VEGF-A and BDNF. None of the MSC-derived supernatants affected neuron viability in normoxia, while substantial protection by high BDNF-containing conditioned MSC medium was observed in neuronal cultures exposed to OGD conditions. In OPC cultures, the MSC-derived supernatants protected cells from OGD-induced cell death, also increasing the differentiation in mature oligodendrocytes. Neuroprotection showed a positive correlation with VEGF-A, BDNF and PDGF-AA concentrations in the culture supernatants, and an inverse correlation with HGF, while OPC differentiation following OGD was positively correlated to PDGF-AA concentration. CONCLUSIONS Despite the limited number of adMSC donors, this study showed significant individual variability in the biological properties of interest for neurological applications for adMSC secretome, an under-researched aspect which may represent an important step in the translation of MSC-derived acellular products to clinical practice. We also showed the potential protection capability of MSC conditioned medium on neuronal and oligodendroglial lineages exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation. These effects are directly correlated to the concentration of specific growth factors, and indicate that the remyelination should be included as a primary target in MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Via Tolara Di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Health Science and Technologies, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara Di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Perut
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maura Cescatti
- IRET Foundation, Via Tolara Di Sopra 41/E, 40064, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Pinto
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola Fazio
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alastra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Via Tolara Di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Parziale
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bassotti
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mercedes Fernandez
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Via Tolara Di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Via Tolara Di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Health Science and Technologies, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara Di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Health Science and Technologies, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Via Tolara Di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
- Pharmacology and Biotecnology Department (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via San Donato, 15, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
- Monetecatone Rehabilitation Institute (MRI), Via Montecatone, 37, 40026, Imola, Bologna, Italy.
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2
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Borda M, Aquino JB, Mazzone GL. Cell-based experimental strategies for myelin repair in multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:86-111. [PMID: 36164729 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), diagnosed at a mean age of 32 years. CNS glia are crucial players in the onset of MS, primarily involving astrocytes and microglia that can cause/allow massive oligodendroglial cells death, without immune cell infiltration. Current therapeutic approaches are aimed at modulating inflammatory reactions during relapsing episodes, but lack the ability to induce very significant repair mechanisms. In this review article, different experimental approaches based mainly on the application of different cell types as therapeutic strategies applied for the induction of myelin repair and/or the amelioration of the disease are discussed. Regarding this issue, different cell sources were applied in various experimental models of MS, with different results, both in significant improvements in remyelination and the reduction of neuroinflammation and glial activation, or in neuroprotection. All cell types tested have advantages and disadvantages, which makes it difficult to choose a better option for therapeutic application in MS. New strategies combining cell-based treatment with other applications would result in further improvements and would be good candidates for MS cell therapy and myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Borda
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Derqui, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge B Aquino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Derqui, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
| | - Graciela L Mazzone
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Derqui, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
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3
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Schira-Heinen J, Agrelo IS, Estrada V, Küry P. Functional in vivo assessment of stem cell-secreted pro-oligodendroglial factors. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2194-2196. [PMID: 35259828 PMCID: PMC9083155 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schira-Heinen
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Iria Samper Agrelo
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Veronica Estrada
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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4
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Tang J, Liang X, Dou X, Qi Y, Yang C, Luo Y, Chao F, Zhang L, Xiao Q, Jiang L, Zhou C, Tang Y. Exercise rather than fluoxetine promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the hippocampus in a male mouse model of depression. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:622. [PMID: 34880203 PMCID: PMC8654899 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) systems have been meaningfully linked to the clinical phenomena of mood disorders, 15-35% of patients do not respond to multiple SSRI interventions or even experience an exacerbation of their condition. As we previously showed, both running exercise and fluoxetine reversed depression-like behavior. However, whether exercise reverses depression-like behavior more quickly than fluoxetine treatment and whether this rapid effect is achieved via the promotion of oligodendrocyte differentiation and/or myelination in the hippocampus was previously unknown. Sixty male C57BL/6 J mice were used in the present study. We subjected mice with unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) to a 4-week running exercise trial (UCS + RN) or intraperitoneally injected them with fluoxetine (UCS + FLX) to address these uncertainties. At the behavioral level, mice in the UCS + RN group consumed significantly more sugar water in the sucrose preference test (SPT) at the end of the 7th week than those in the UCS group, while those in the UCS + FLX group consumed significantly more sugar water than mice in the UCS group at the end of the 8th week. The unbiased stereological results and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that running exercise, and not fluoxetine treatment, increased the numbers of CC1+ and CC1+/Olig2+/BrdU+ oligodendrocytes in the CA1 subfield in depressed mice exposed to UCS. Moreover, running exercise rather than fluoxetine increased the level of myelin basic protein (MBP) and the G-ratio of myelinated nerve fibers in the CA1 subfield in the UCS mouse model. Unlike fluoxetine, exercise promoted hippocampal myelination and oligodendrocyte differentiation and thus has potential as a therapeutic strategy to reduce depression-like behaviors induced by UCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China
| | - Xin Liang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Pathologic Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Dou
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China
| | - Yingqiang Qi
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China
| | - Chunmao Yang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China
| | - Yanmin Luo
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China
| | - Fenglei Chao
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China
| | - Qian Xiao
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Radioactive Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China
| | - Lin Jiang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China
| | - Chunni Zhou
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 P. R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China. .,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China.
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5
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Reiche L, Göttle P, Lane L, Duek P, Park M, Azim K, Schütte J, Manousi A, Schira-Heinen J, Küry P. C21orf91 Regulates Oligodendroglial Precursor Cell Fate-A Switch in the Glial Lineage? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:653075. [PMID: 33796011 PMCID: PMC8008080 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.653075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathological diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are frequently associated with impaired differentiation of the oligodendroglial cell lineage and subsequent alterations in white matter structure and dynamics. Down syndrome (DS), or trisomy 21, is the most common genetic cause for cognitive impairments and intellectual disability (ID) and is associated with a reduction in the number of neurons and oligodendrocytes, as well as with hypomyelination and astrogliosis. Recent studies mainly focused on neuronal development in DS and underestimated the role of glial cells as pathogenic players. This also relates to C21ORF91, a protein considered a key modulator of aberrant CNS development in DS. We investigated the role of C21orf91 ortholog in terms of oligodendrogenesis and myelination using database information as well as through cultured primary oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs). Upon modulation of C21orf91 gene expression, we found this factor to be important for accurate oligodendroglial differentiation, influencing their capacity to mature and to myelinate axons. Interestingly, C21orf91 overexpression initiates a cell population coexpressing astroglial- and oligodendroglial markers indicating that elevated C21orf91 expression levels induce a gliogenic shift towards the astrocytic lineage reflecting non-equilibrated glial cell populations in DS brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Reiche
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Göttle
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lydie Lane
- CALIPHO Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paula Duek
- CALIPHO Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mina Park
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kasum Azim
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jana Schütte
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anastasia Manousi
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica Schira-Heinen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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6
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Manousi A, Göttle P, Reiche L, Cui QL, Healy LM, Akkermann R, Gruchot J, Schira-Heinen J, Antel JP, Hartung HP, Küry P. Identification of novel myelin repair drugs by modulation of oligodendroglial differentiation competence. EBioMedicine 2021; 65:103276. [PMID: 33714029 PMCID: PMC7970057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In multiple sclerosis loss of myelin and oligodendrocytes impairs saltatory signal transduction and leads to neuronal loss and functional deficits. Limited capacity of oligodendroglial precursor cells to differentiate into mature cells is the main reason for inefficient myelin repair in the central nervous system. Drug repurposing constitutes a powerful approach for identification of pharmacological compounds promoting this process. METHODS A phenotypic compound screening using the subcellular distribution of a potent inhibitor of oligodendroglial cell differentiation, namely p57kip2, as differentiation competence marker was conducted. Hit compounds were validated in terms of their impact on developmental cell differentiation and myelination using both rat and human primary cell cultures and organotypic cerebellar slice cultures, respectively. Their effect on spontaneous remyelination was then investigated following cuprizone-mediated demyelination of the corpus callosum. FINDINGS A number of novel small molecules able to promote oligodendroglial cell differentiation were identified and a subset was found to foster human oligodendrogenesis as well as myelination ex vivo. Among them the steroid danazol and the anthelminthic parbendazole were found to increase myelin repair. INTERPRETATION We provide evidence that early cellular processes involved in differentiation decisions are applicable for the identification of regeneration promoting drugs and we suggest danazol and parbendazole as potent therapeutic candidates for demyelinating diseases. FUNDING This work was supported by the Jürgen Manchot Foundation, Düsseldorf; Research Commission of the Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Christiane and Claudia Hempel Foundation; Stifterverband/Novartisstiftung; James and Elisabeth Cloppenburg, Peek and Cloppenburg Düsseldorf Stiftung and International Progressive MS Alliance (BRAVEinMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Manousi
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Peter Göttle
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Laura Reiche
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3K9, Canada
| | - Luke M Healy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3K9, Canada
| | - Rainer Akkermann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Joel Gruchot
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Jessica Schira-Heinen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Jack P Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3K9, Canada
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany.
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7
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Shao R, Sun D, Hu Y, Cui D. White matter injury in the neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain and potential therapies targeting microglia. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:991-1008. [PMID: 33416205 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) injury, which mainly causes neuronal damage and white matter injury (WMI), is among the predominant causes of infant morbidity (cerebral palsy, cognitive and persistent motor disabilities) and mortality. Disruptions to the oxygen and blood supply in the perinatal brain affect the cerebral microenvironment and may affect microglial activation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress. Microglia are significantly associated with axonal damage and myelinating oligodendrocytes, which are major pathological components of WMI. However, the effects of H-I injury on microglial functions and underlying transformation mechanisms remain poorly understood. The historical perception that these cells are major risk factors for ischemic stroke has been questioned due to our improved understanding of the diversity of microglial phenotypes and their alterable functions, which exacerbate or attenuate injuries in different regions in response to environmental instability. Unfortunately, although therapeutic hypothermia is an efficient treatment, death and disability remain the prognosis for a large proportion of neonates with H-I injury. Hence, novel neuroprotective therapies to treat WMI following H-I injury are urgently needed. Here, we review microglial mechanisms that might occur in the developing brain due to neonatal H-I injury and discuss whether microglia function as a double-edged sword in WMI. Then, we emphasize microglial heterogeneity, notably at the single-cell level, and sex-specific effects on the etiology of neurological diseases. Finally, we discuss current knowledge of strategies aiming to improve microglia modulation and remyelination following neonatal H-I injury. Overall, microglia-targeted therapy might provide novel and valuable insights into the treatment of neonatal H-I insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjiao Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Derong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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8
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DCX + neuronal progenitors contribute to new oligodendrocytes during remyelination in the hippocampus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20095. [PMID: 33208869 PMCID: PMC7674453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A pool of different types of neural progenitor cells resides in the adult hippocampus. Apart from doublecortin-expressing (DCX+) neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs), the hippocampal parenchyma also contains oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which can differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes. It is not clear yet to what extent the functions of these different progenitor cell types overlap and how plastic these cells are in response to pathological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hippocampal DCX+ NPCs can generate new oligodendrocytes under conditions in which myelin repair is required. For this, the cell fate of DCX-expressing NPCs was analyzed during cuprizone-induced demyelination and subsequent remyelination in two regions of the hippocampal dentate gyrus of DCX-CreERT2/Flox-EGFP transgenic mice. In this DCX reporter model, the number of GFP+ NPCs co-expressing Olig2 and CC1, a combination of markers typically found in mature oligodendrocytes, was significantly increased in the hippocampal DG during remyelination. In contrast, the numbers of GFP+PDGFRα+ cells, as well as their proliferation, were unaffected by de- or remyelination. During remyelination, a higher portion of newly generated BrdU-labeled cells were GFP+ NPCs and there was an increase in new oligodendrocytes derived from these proliferating cells (GFP+Olig2+BrdU+). These results suggest that DCX-expressing NPCs were able to contribute to the generation of mature oligodendrocytes during remyelination in the adult hippocampus.
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9
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: Recent Evidence from Pre-Clinical to Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228662. [PMID: 33212873 PMCID: PMC7698327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Nowadays, available therapies for MS can help to manage MS course and symptoms, but new therapeutic approaches are required. Stem cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) appeared promising in different neurodegenerative conditions, thanks to their beneficial capacities, including the immunomodulation ability, and to their secretome. The secretome is represented by growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MSCs. In this review, we focused on studies performed on in vivo MS models involving the administration of MSCs and on clinical trials evaluating MSCs administration. Experimental models of MS evidenced that MSCs were able to reduce inflammatory cell infiltration and disease score. Moreover, MSCs engineered to express different genes, preconditioned with different compounds, differentiated or in combination with other compounds also exerted beneficial actions in MS models, in some cases also superior to native MSCs. Secretome, both conditioned medium and EVs, also showed protective effects in MS models and appeared promising to develop new approaches. Clinical trials highlighted the safety and feasibility of MSC administration and reported some improvements, but other trials using larger cohorts of patients are needed.
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10
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Secretome Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Factors Fostering Oligodendroglial Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124350. [PMID: 32570968 PMCID: PMC7352621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secreted factors have been shown to significantly promote oligodendrogenesis from cultured primary adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) and oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs). Revealing underlying mechanisms of how aNSCs can be fostered to differentiate into a specific cell lineage could provide important insights for the establishment of novel neuroregenerative treatment approaches aiming at myelin repair. However, the nature of MSC-derived differentiation and maturation factors acting on the oligodendroglial lineage has not been identified thus far. In addition to missing information on active ingredients, the degree to which MSC-dependent lineage instruction is functional in vivo also remains to be established. We here demonstrate that MSC-derived factors can indeed stimulate oligodendrogenesis and myelin sheath generation of aNSCs transplanted into different rodent central nervous system (CNS) regions, and furthermore, we provide insights into the underlying mechanism on the basis of a comparative mass spectrometry secretome analysis. We identified a number of secreted proteins known to act on oligodendroglia lineage differentiation. Among them, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 1 (TIMP-1) was revealed to be an active component of the MSC-conditioned medium, thus validating our chosen secretome approach.
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Three Growth Factors Induce Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Precursor Cells In Vitro and Support Cell-Transplantation after Spinal Cord Injury In Vivo. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:5674921. [PMID: 32774390 PMCID: PMC7399764 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5674921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy with neural precursor cells (NPCs) has the potential to improve neuroregeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI). Unfortunately, survival and differentiation of transplanted NPCs in the injured spinal cord remains low. Growth factors have been successfully used to improve NPC transplantation in animal models, but their extensive application is associated with a relevant financial burden and might hinder translation of findings into the clinical practice. In our current study, we assessed the potential of a reduced number of growth factors in different combinations and concentrations to increase proliferation and differentiation of NPCs in vitro. After identifying a “cocktail” (EGF, bFGF, and PDGF-AA) that directed cell fate towards the oligodendroglial and neuronal lineage while reducing astrocytic differentiation, we translated our findings into an in vivo model of cervical clip contusion/compression SCI at the C6 level in immunosuppressed Wistar rats, combining NPC transplantation and intrathecal administration of the growth factors 10 days after injury. Eight weeks after SCI, we could observe surviving NPCs in the injured animals that had mostly differentiated into oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocytic precursors. Moreover, “Stride length” and “Average Speed” in the CatWalk gait analysis were significantly improved 8 weeks after SCI, representing beneficial effects on the functional recovery with NPC transplantation and the administration of the three growth factors. Nevertheless, no effects on the BBB scores could be observed over the course of the experiment and regeneration of descending tracts as well as posttraumatic myelination remained unchanged. However, reactive astrogliosis, as well as posttraumatic inflammation and apoptosis was significantly reduced after NPC transplantation and GF administration. Our data suggest that NPC transplantation is feasible with the use of only EGF, bFGF, and PDGF-AA as supporting growth factors.
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Rezaei N, Bojnordi MN, Ghasemi Hamidabadi H. Differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells seeded on silk scaffold to mature oligodendrocyte using cerebrospinal fluid. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 106:101790. [PMID: 32278022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of cultured Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) on silk scaffold into mature oligodendrocyte was done in the presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). BMSC were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and were seeded on silk scaffold. The seeded cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with CFS, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), Retinoic acid (RA) and Epidermal growth factor (EGF). The glial differentiation was investigated using Real time-PCR and immunofluorescence techniques for specific glial markers: Oligo 2, NG2, PLP and MBP. Our dates showed that the differentiated cells expressed specific glial markers: Oligo 2, NG2, PLP and MBP. The specific mature oligodendrocyte genes were up regulated in cultured cells on silk scaffold in the presence of CSF. It is concluded that CSF leads to improve glial differentiation of seeded BMSC on silk scaffold using preparation of appropriate niche. This culture condition may be served as an efficient differentiation induction protocol for glial phenotype, with the perspective of therapeutic application in neuroregenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourollah Rezaei
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Immunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Nazm Bojnordi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Immunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Hatef Ghasemi Hamidabadi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Immunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Beyer F, Jadasz J, Samper Agrelo I, Schira-Heinen J, Groh J, Manousi A, Bütermann C, Estrada V, Reiche L, Cantone M, Vera J, Viganò F, Dimou L, Müller HW, Hartung HP, Küry P. Heterogeneous fate choice of genetically modulated adult neural stem cells in gray and white matter of the central nervous system. Glia 2019; 68:393-406. [PMID: 31633850 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apart from dedicated oligodendroglial progenitor cells, adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) can also give rise to new oligodendrocytes in the adult central nervous system (CNS). This process mainly confers myelinating glial cell replacement in pathological situations and can hence contribute to glial heterogeneity. Our previous studies demonstrated that the p57kip2 gene encodes an intrinsic regulator of glial fate acquisition and we here investigated to what degree its modulation can affect stem cell-dependent oligodendrogenesis in different CNS environments. We therefore transplanted p57kip2 knockdown aNSCs into white and gray matter (WM and GM) regions of the mouse brain, into uninjured spinal cords as well as in the vicinity of spinal cord injuries and evaluated integration and differentiation in vivo. Our experiments revealed that under healthy conditions intrinsic suppression of p57kip2 as well as WM localization promote differentiation toward myelinating oligodendrocytes at the expense of astrocyte generation. Moreover, p57kip2 knockdown conferred a strong benefit on cell survival augmenting net oligodendrocyte generation. In the vicinity of hemisectioned spinal cords, the gene knockdown led to a similar induction of oligodendroglial features; however, newly generated oligodendrocytes appeared to suffer more from the hostile environment. This study contributes to our understanding of mechanisms of adult oligodendrogenesis and glial heterogeneity and further reveals critical factors when considering aNSC mediated cell replacement in injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Janusz Jadasz
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Iria Samper Agrelo
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica Schira-Heinen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Janos Groh
- Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Manousi
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Bütermann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Veronica Estrada
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Reiche
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Cantone
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francesca Viganò
- Physiological Genomics, Institute of Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Leda Dimou
- Physiological Genomics, Institute of Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Hans Werner Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Massoto TB, Santos ACR, Ramalho BS, Almeida FM, Martinez AMB, Marques SA. Mesenchymal stem cells and treadmill training enhance function and promote tissue preservation after spinal cord injury. Brain Res 2019; 1726:146494. [PMID: 31586628 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is considered a serious neurological disorder that can lead to severe sensory, motor and autonomic deficits. In this work, we investigated whether cell therapy associated with physical activity after mouse SCI could promote morphological and functional outcomes, using a lesion model established by our group. Mesenchymal stem cells (8 × 105 cells/2 µL) or DMEM (2 µL), were injected in the epicenter of the lesion at 7 days after SCI, and the mice started a moderate treadmill training 14 days after injury. Functional assessments were performed weekly up to 8 weeks after injury when the morphological analyses were also performed. Four injured groups were analyzed: DMEM (SCI plus DMEM injection), MSCT (SCI plus MSC injection), DMEM + TMT (SCI plus DMEM injection and treadmill training) and MSCT + TMT (SCI plus MSC injection and treadmill training). The animals that received the combined therapy (MSCT + TMT) were able to recover and maintained the better functional results throughout the analyzed period. The morphometric analysis from MSCT + TMT group evidenced a larger spared white matter area and a higher number of preserved myelinated fibers with the majority of them reaching the ideal G-ratio values, when compared to other groups. Ultrastructural analysis from this group, using transmission electron microscopy, showed better tissue preservation with few microcavitations and degenerating nerve fibers. Also, this group exhibited a significantly higher neurotrophin 4 (NT4) expression as compared to the other groups. The results provided by this study support the conclusion that the association of strategies is a potential therapeutic approach to treat SCI, with the possibility of translation into the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Braga Massoto
- Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Function - Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anne Caroline Rodrigues Santos
- Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Function - Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Medical School, Departament of Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna S Ramalho
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Medical School, Departament of Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins Almeida
- Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Medical School, Departament of Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suelen Adriani Marques
- Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Function - Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Rivera FJ, de la Fuente AG, Zhao C, Silva ME, Gonzalez GA, Wodnar R, Feichtner M, Lange S, Errea O, Priglinger E, O'Sullivan A, Romanelli P, Jadasz JJ, Brachtl G, Greil R, Tempfer H, Traweger A, Bátiz LF, Küry P, Couillard‐Despres S, Franklin RJM, Aigner L. Aging restricts the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to promote the generation of oligodendrocytes during remyelination. Glia 2019; 67:1510-1525. [PMID: 31038798 PMCID: PMC6618006 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to severe neurological deficits. Due to their immunomodulatory and neuroprotective activities and their ability to promote the generation of oligodendrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently being developed for autologous cell therapy in MS. As aging reduces the regenerative capacity of all tissues, it is of relevance to investigate whether MSCs retain their pro-oligodendrogenic activity with increasing age. We demonstrate that MSCs derived from aged rats have a reduced capacity to induce oligodendrocyte differentiation of adult CNS stem/progenitor cells. Aging also abolished the ability of MSCs to enhance the generation of myelin-like sheaths in demyelinated cerebellar slice cultures. Finally, in a rat model for CNS demyelination, aging suppressed the capability of systemically transplanted MSCs to boost oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation during remyelination. Thus, aging restricts the ability of MSCs to support the generation of oligodendrocytes and consequently inhibits their capacity to enhance the generation of myelin-like sheaths. These findings may impact on the design of therapies using autologous MSCs in older MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Rivera
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and PathologyFaculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe)Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative MedicineParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Alerie G. de la Fuente
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Chao Zhao
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Maria E. Silva
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and PathologyFaculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe)Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative MedicineParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of SciencesUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Ginez A. Gonzalez
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Roman Wodnar
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative MedicineParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Martina Feichtner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative MedicineParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Simona Lange
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative MedicineParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Oihana Errea
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Eleni Priglinger
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative MedicineParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical TraumatologyAUVA Research CenterLinz/ViennaAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Anna O'Sullivan
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative MedicineParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Institute of Experimental NeuroregenerationParacelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Pasquale Romanelli
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Institute of Experimental NeuroregenerationParacelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Janusz J. Jadasz
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of OphthalmologyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Gabriele Brachtl
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department for Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostasiology, Infectious Diseases, and RheumatologyFederal Hospital of Salzburg and Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy InstituteParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Richard Greil
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department for Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostasiology, Infectious Diseases, and RheumatologyFederal Hospital of Salzburg and Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
- Institute of Tendon and Bone RegenerationParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
- Institute of Tendon and Bone RegenerationParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | - Luis F. Bátiz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe)Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIB), Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de los AndesSantiagoChile
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical FacultyHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Sebastien Couillard‐Despres
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
- Institute of Experimental NeuroregenerationParacelsus Medical University SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Robin J. M. Franklin
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative MedicineParacelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS)Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationViennaAustria
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Effects of Different Doses of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Functional Recovery After Compressive Spinal-Cord Injury in Mice. Neuroscience 2019; 400:17-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Stem Cells as Potential Targets of Polyphenols in Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1483791. [PMID: 30112360 PMCID: PMC6077677 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1483791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis are major neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal pathogenic proteins due to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy, and pathogens, leading to neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits. Herein, we reviewed the utility of plant polyphenols in regulating proliferation and differentiation of stem cells for inducing brain self-repair in AD and multiple sclerosis. Firstly, we discussed the genetic, physiological, and environmental factors involved in the pathophysiology of both the disorders. Next, we reviewed various stem cell therapies available and how they have proved useful in animal models of AD and multiple sclerosis. Lastly, we discussed how polyphenols utilize the potential of stem cells, either complementing their therapeutic effects or stimulating endogenous and exogenous neurogenesis, against these diseases. We suggest that polyphenols could be a potential candidate for stem cell therapy against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Abu-Rub M, Miller RH. Emerging Cellular and Molecular Strategies for Enhancing Central Nervous System (CNS) Remyelination. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8060111. [PMID: 29914096 PMCID: PMC6024921 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8060111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelination is critical for the normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) in vertebrates. Conditions in which the development of myelin is perturbed result in severely compromised individuals often with shorter lifespans, while loss of myelin in the adult results in a variety of functional deficits. Although some form of spontaneous remyelination often takes place, the repair process as a whole often fails. Several lines of evidence suggest it is feasible to develop strategies that enhance the capacity of the CNS to undergo remyelination and potentially reverse functional deficits. Such strategies include cellular therapies using either neural or mesenchymal stem cells as well as molecular regulators of oligodendrocyte development and differentiation. Given the prevalence of demyelinating diseases and their effects on the quality of life for affected individuals it is imperative that effective therapies are developed. Here we discuss some of the new approaches to CNS myelin repair that hold promise for reducing the burden of diseases characterized by myelin loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu-Rub
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
| | - Robert H Miller
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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Ramalho BDS, Almeida FMD, Sales CM, de Lima S, Martinez AMB. Injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by intravenous or intraperitoneal routes is a viable alternative to spinal cord injury treatment in mice. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1046-1053. [PMID: 29926832 PMCID: PMC6022457 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.233448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of advances in surgical care and rehabilitation, the consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI) are still challenging. Several experimental therapeutic strategies have been studied in the SCI field, and recent advances have led to the development of therapies that may act on the inhibitory microenvironment. Assorted lineages of stem cells are considered a good treatment for SCI. This study investigated the effect of systemic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a compressive SCI model. Here we present results of the intraperitoneal route, which has not been used previously for MSC administration after compressive SCI. We used adult female C57BL/6 mice that underwent laminectomy at the T9 level, followed by spinal cord compression for 1 minute with a 30-g vascular clip. The animals were divided into five groups: sham (anesthesia and laminectomy but without compression injury induction), MSC i.p. (intraperitoneal injection of 8 × 105 MSCs in 500 µL of DMEM at 7 days after SCI), MSC i.v. (intravenous injection of 8 × 105 MSCs in 500 µL of DMEM at 7 days after SCI), DMEM i.p. (intraperitoneal injection of 500 µL of DMEM at 7 days after SCI), DMEM i.v. (intravenous injection of 500 µL of DMEM at 7 days after SCI). The effects of MSCs transplantation in white matter sparing were analyzed by luxol fast blue staining. The number of preserved fibers was counted in semithin sections stained with toluidine blue and the presence of trophic factors was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, we analyzed the locomotor performance with Basso Mouse Scale and Global Mobility Test. Our results showed white matter preservation and a larger number of preserved fibers in the MSC groups than in the DMEM groups. Furthermore, the MSC groups had higher levels of trophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and neurotrophin-4) in the spinal cord and improved locomotor performance. Our results indicate that injection of MSCs by either intraperitoneal or intravenous routes results in beneficial outcomes and can be elected as a choice for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Dos Santos Ramalho
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia - Faculdade de Medicina, HUCFF, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins de Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia - Faculdade de Medicina, HUCFF, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Conrado Mendonça Sales
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia - Faculdade de Medicina, HUCFF, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silmara de Lima
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia - Faculdade de Medicina, HUCFF, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia - Faculdade de Medicina, HUCFF, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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