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Victor CR, Gamble LD, Pentecost C, Quinn C, Charlwood C, Matthews FE, Clare L. Living well with dementia: An exploratory matched analysis of minority ethnic and white people with dementia and carers participating in the IDEAL programme. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 39:e6048. [PMID: 38180319 PMCID: PMC10952883 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The increasing heterogeneity of the population of older people is reflected in an increasing number of people with dementia and carers drawn from minority ethnic groups. Data from the IDEAL study are used to compare indices of 'living well' among people with dementia and carers from ethnic minority groups with matched white peers. METHODS We used an exploratory cross-sectional case-control design to compare 'living well' for people with dementia and carers from minority ethnic and white groups. Measures for both groups were quality of life, life satisfaction, wellbeing, loneliness, and social isolation and, for carers, stress, relationship quality, role captivity and caring competence. RESULTS The sample of people with dementia consisted of 20 minority ethnic and 60 white participants and for carers 15 and 45 respectively. People with dementia from minority ethnic groups had poorer quality of life (-4.74, 95% CI: -7.98 to -1.50) and higher loneliness (1.72, 95% CI: 0.78-2.66) whilst minority ethnic carers had higher stress (8.17, 95% CI: 1.72-14.63) and role captivity (2.00, 95% CI: 0.43-3.57) and lower relationship quality (-9.86, 95% CI: -14.24 to -5.48) than their white peers. CONCLUSION Our exploratory study suggests that people with dementia from minority ethnic groups experience lower quality of life and carers experience higher stress and role captivity and lower relationship quality than their white peers. Confirmatory research with larger samples is required to facilitate analysis of the experiences of specific minority ethnic groups and examine the factors contributing to these disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R. Victor
- Department of Health SciencesCollege of Health, Medicine and Life SciencesBrunel University LondonLondonUK
| | - Laura D. Gamble
- Population Health Sciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Catherine Quinn
- Centre for Applied Dementia StudiesFaculty of Health StudiesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | | | - Fiona E. Matthews
- Population Health Sciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Linda Clare
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolUniversity of Exeter, and NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South‐West PeninsulaExeterUK
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Jenkins C, Kamal A. A qualitative study exploring nurses' experiences of supporting South Asian people with dementia and their family carers. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:161-175. [PMID: 37427809 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore nurses' experiences of providing support to South Asian (SA) people with dementia and their family carers and to identify barriers and enablers of good transcultural care. DESIGN A qualitative, phenomenological design was used. METHODS Fifteen registered community and in-patient nurses were recruited via one NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust. Nurses were from diverse backgrounds (Black, Ghanaian, Irish, Mauritian and White), 13 females and 2 males, and had been qualified from between 2 and 49 years. One-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted between July and October 2019. RESULTS A thematic analysis identified three themes. 'Communication challenges' highlighted the impact of language barriers and the consequences of misunderstandings due to a dissonance in cultural values between nurses and interpreters. 'The bi-directional impact of culture' identified the two-way dynamics of transcultural work, the process of countering mutual stigma, and revealed an original perspective on how 'cultural desire' grows through practice experiences rather than being a prior motivation for learning. 'Learning experiences' showed that most learning was informal, experiential and prolonged, with nurses feeling they had unmet learning needs. CONCLUSION Nurses have minimal training opportunities and are under-supported in their transcultural work, potentially perpetuating the disadvantages that SA people with dementia and their families face in relation to healthcare. Enhanced cultural understanding of self and others and application of specific communication strategies could support nurses, together with interpreters, to build rapport and effective working relationships with each other and service users. IMPACT Transcultural nursing is a key competency, but nurses experience difficulties with providing care which is recognized as effective by SA family carers. The development of more acceptable and effective services requires improved mutual cultural understanding between nurses, interpreters and families, underpinned by joint brief training interventions, leading to more effective professional communication, better care outcomes and improved satisfaction with services.
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Ball HA, Coulthard E, Fish M, Bayer A, Gallacher J, Ben-Shlomo Y. Predictors and prognosis of population-based subjective cognitive decline: longitudinal evidence from the Caerphilly Prospective Study (CaPS). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073205. [PMID: 37844990 PMCID: PMC10582873 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand associations between the subjective experience of cognitive decline and objective cognition. This subjective experience is often conceptualised as an early step towards neurodegeneration, but this has not been scrutinised at the population level. An alternative explanation is poor meta-cognition, the extreme of which is seen in functional cognitive disorder (FCD). DESIGN Prospective cohort (Caerphilly Prospective Study). SETTING Population-based, South Wales, UK. PARTICIPANTS This men-only study began in 1979; 1225 men participated at an average age of 73 in 2002-2004, including assessments of simple subjective cognitive decline (sSCD, defined as a subjective report of worsening memory or concentration). Dementia outcomes were followed up to 2012-2014. Data on non-completers was additionally obtained from death certificates and local health records. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was incident dementia over 10 years. Secondary outcome measures included prospective change in objective cognition and cross-sectional cognitive internal inconsistency (the existence of a cognitive ability at some times, and its absence at other times, with no intervening explanatory factors except for focus of attention). RESULTS sSCD was common (30%) and only weakly associated with prior objective cognitive decline (sensitivity 36% (95% CI 30 to 42) and specificity 72% (95% CI 68 to 75)). Independent predictors of sSCD were older age, poor sleep quality and higher trait anxiety. Those with sSCD did not have excess cognitive internal inconsistency, but results suggested a mild attentional deficit. sSCD did not predict objective cognitive change (linear regression coefficient -0.01 (95% CI -0.13 to 0.15)) nor dementia (odds ratio 1.35 (0.61 to 2.99)) 10 years later. CONCLUSIONS sSCD is weakly associated with prior objective cognitive decline and does not predict future cognition. Prior sleep difficulties and anxiety were the most robust predictors of sSCD. sSCD in the absence of objective decline appears to be a highly prevalent example of poor meta-cognition (ie, poor self-awareness of cognitive performance), which could be a driver for later FCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet A Ball
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth Coulthard
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark Fish
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Antony Bayer
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - John Gallacher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Watt L, Li M, Bladon S, Martin GP, White C, Majeed-Ariss R. Use of SARC services by victims of sexual violence: Auditing the ethnicity of Saint Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre's clients. J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 99:102593. [PMID: 37734254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saint Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre (SARC) in Manchester provides services to adults and children who have suffered sexual assault. The ethnic composition of those who attended the centre was audited in 2001 and 2003 to measure how well it serves different ethnic groups. This paper provides an updated audit using 2019 data. METHODOLOGY Census data for Greater Manchester, and data from the Crime Survey of England and Wales (CSEW) showing rates of sexual assault for different ethnic groups, were used to predict the ethnic composition of sexual assault victims in Greater Manchester. These predicted figures were then compared with the ethnic composition of Saint Mary's SARC 2019 client base to measure how well the SARC is serving different groups. This comparison was repeated using data from the 2001 SARC client base to explore change over time. RESULTS The analysis shows that South Asians and Chinese individuals are underrepresented in the SARC client base, and that this issue has become more pronounced over time. Every other group is overrepresented. CONCLUSION The underrepresentation of South Asian and Chinese clients at Saint Mary's SARC is concerning. Making the service more accessible to those from these ethnic groups should be a priority for the centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Watt
- Department of Sociology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mingze Li
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Bladon
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Glen P Martin
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine White
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Institute for Addressing Strangulation Sexual Offences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rabiya Majeed-Ariss
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Saint Mary's Sexual Assault Referral Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Dodd E, Pracownik R, Popel S, Collings S, Emmens T, Cheston R. Dementia services for people from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic and White-British communities: Does a primary care based model contribute to equality in service provision? HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:622-630. [PMID: 32959489 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study set out to investigate whether there were disparities in service provision for people from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities compared to White British (WB) communities within a primary care led dementia service in the UK. Data were extracted from 30 cases from three BAME (African-Caribbean, South Asian and Chinese) communities who had been referred to a dementia service between April 2016 and December 2017. We then extracted data from 30 WB cases matched for gender, age (within 5 years) and General Practitioner surgery. We compared service provision for both samples around assessment, diagnosis and post-diagnostic support. The primary source of information in the BAME sample was less likely to be recorded as being the main carer and more likely to be an adult child. Cases from both samples were equally likely to have a CT scan. People from BAME communities were less likely to receive a cognitive assessment, and when they did they scored at a lower level. There was no difference between samples for the diagnoses that cases received, but BAME cases were more likely to be assessed as being low rather than medium or high risk. While cases from both samples were equally likely to receive medication, BAME cases were more likely to be seen by a psychiatrist. Significantly more people from the WB sample were recorded as using or being offered more than one form of community support. This study of a primary care-based dementia service suggests that while many areas of service provision showed no evidence of inequality, important differences remain including the time at which people present for assessment and the range of post-diagnostic services which are discussed. Further research is required to establish the likely causes of these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dodd
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Shaun Popel
- Research and Development Department, Devon Partnership NHS Trust, Wonford House Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Stephen Collings
- Research and Development Department, Devon Partnership NHS Trust, Wonford House Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Tobit Emmens
- Research and Development Department, Devon Partnership NHS Trust, Wonford House Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Richard Cheston
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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Milne R, Altomare D, Ribaldi F, Molinuevo JL, Frisoni GB, Brayne C. Societal and equity challenges for Brain Health Services. A user manual for Brain Health Services-part 6 of 6. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:173. [PMID: 34635173 PMCID: PMC8507368 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Brain Health Services are a novel approach to the personalized prevention of dementia. In this paper, we consider how such services can best reflect their social, cultural, and economic context and, in doing so, deliver fair and equitable access to risk reduction. We present specific areas of challenge associated with the social context for dementia prevention. The first concentrates on how Brain Health Services engage with the "at-risk" individual, recognizing the range of factors that shape an individual's risk of dementia and the efficacy of risk reduction measures. The second emphasizes the social context of Brain Health Services themselves and their ability to provide equitable access to risk reduction. We then elaborate proposals for meeting or mitigating these challenges. We suggest that considering these challenges will enable Brain Health Services to address two fundamental questions: the balance between an individualized "high-risk" and population focus for public health prevention and the ability of services to meet ethical standards of justice and health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Milne
- Society and Ethics Research Group, Wellcome Connecting Science, Hinxton, UK.
- Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Daniele Altomare
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Federica Ribaldi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), Saint John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Shiekh SI, Cadogan SL, Lin LY, Mathur R, Smeeth L, Warren-Gash C. Ethnic Differences in Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:337-355. [PMID: 33554910 PMCID: PMC8075390 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Globally around 50 million people have dementia. Risk factors for dementia such as hypertension and diabetes are more common in Black, Asian, and other ethnic minorities. There are also marked ethnic inequalities in care seeking, likelihood of diagnosis, and uptake of treatments for dementia. Nevertheless, ethnic differences in dementia incidence and prevalence remain under-explored. Objective: To examine published peer-reviewed observational studies comparing age-specific or age-adjusted incidence or prevalence rates of dementia between at least two ethnic groups. Methods: We searched seven databases on 1 September 2019 using search terms for ethnicity, dementia, and incidence or prevalence. We included population-based studies comparing incidence or prevalence of dementia after accounting for age of at least two ethnic groups in adults aged 18 or more. Meta-analysis was conducted for eligible ethnic comparisons. Results: We included 12 cohort studies and seven cross-sectional studies. Thirteen were from the US, and two studies each from the UK, Singapore, and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China. The pooled risk ratio for dementia incidence obtained from four studies comparing Black and White ethnic groups was 1.33 (95% CI 1.07–1.65; I-squared = 58.0%). The pooled risk ratio for dementia incidence comparing the Asian and White ethnic groups was 0.86 (95% CI 0.728–1.01; I-squared = 43.9%). There was no difference in the incidence of dementia for Latino ethnic group compared to the White ethnic group. Conclusion: Evidence to date suggest there are ethnic differences in risk of dementia. Better understanding of the drivers of these differences may inform efforts to prevent or treat dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Ismail Shiekh
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, The United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Louise Cadogan
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, The United Kingdom
| | - Liang-Yu Lin
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, The United Kingdom
| | - Rohini Mathur
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, The United Kingdom
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, The United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Warren-Gash
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, The United Kingdom
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