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Gao C, Uchitomi H, Miyake Y. Influence of Multimodal Emotional Stimulations on Brain Activity: An Electroencephalographic Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4801. [PMID: 37430714 PMCID: PMC10221168 DOI: 10.3390/s23104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the influence of emotional valence and sensory modality on neural activity in response to multimodal emotional stimuli using scalp EEG. In this study, 20 healthy participants completed the emotional multimodal stimulation experiment for three stimulus modalities (audio, visual, and audio-visual), all of which are from the same video source with two emotional components (pleasure or unpleasure), and EEG data were collected using six experimental conditions and one resting state. We analyzed power spectral density (PSD) and event-related potential (ERP) components in response to multimodal emotional stimuli, for spectral and temporal analysis. PSD results showed that the single modality (audio only/visual only) emotional stimulation PSD differed from multi-modality (audio-visual) in a wide brain and band range due to the changes in modality and not from the changes in emotional degree. The most pronounced N200-to-P300 potential shifts occurred in monomodal rather than multimodal emotional stimulations. This study suggests that emotional saliency and sensory processing efficiency perform a significant role in shaping neural activity during multimodal emotional stimulation, with the sensory modality being more influential in PSD. These findings contribute to our understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in multimodal emotional stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Gao
- Department of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan; (H.U.); (Y.M.)
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2
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Key AP, Thornton-Wells TA, Smith DG. Electrophysiological biomarkers and age characterize phenotypic heterogeneity among individuals with major depressive disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 16:1055685. [PMID: 36699961 PMCID: PMC9870293 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1055685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Despite the high need for effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), the development of novel medicines is hampered by clinical, genetic and biological heterogeneity, unclear links between symptoms and neural dysfunction, and tenuous biomarkers for clinical trial contexts of use. Methods: In this study, we examined the International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression (iSPOT-D) clinical trial database for new relationships between auditory event-related potential (ERP) responses, demographic features, and clinical symptoms and behavior, to inform strategies for biomarker-driven patient stratification that could be used to optimize future clinical trial design and drug development strategy in MDD. Results: We replicate findings from previous analyses of the classic auditory oddball task in the iSPOT-D sample showing smaller than typical N1 and P300 response amplitudes and longer P300 latencies for target and standard stimuli in patients with MDD, suggesting altered bottom-up sensory and top-down attentional processes. We further demonstrate that age is an important contributor to clinical group differences, affecting both topographic distribution of the clinically informative ERP responses and the types of the stimuli sensitive to group differences. In addition, the observed brain-behavior associations indicate that levels of anxiety and stress are major contributing factors to atypical sensory and attentional processing among patients with MDD, particularly in the older subgroups. Discussion: Our novel findings support the possibility of accelerated cognitive aging in patients with MDD and identify the frontal P300 latency as an additional candidate biomarker of MDD. These results from a large, well-phenotyped sample support the view that heterogeneity of the clinical population with MDD can be systematically characterized based on age and neural biomarkers of sensory and attentional processing, informing patient stratification strategies in the design of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P. Key
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Alexandra P. Key
| | - Tricia A. Thornton-Wells
- Translational Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Early-Stage Clinical Development, Alkermes, Inc., Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Daniel G. Smith
- Translational Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Early-Stage Clinical Development, Alkermes, Inc., Waltham, MA, United States
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Kangas ES, Vuoriainen E, Lindeman S, Astikainen P. Auditory event-related potentials in separating patients with depressive disorders and non-depressed controls: A narrative review. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 179:119-142. [PMID: 35839902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review brings together the findings regarding the differences in the auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) between patients with depressive disorder and non-depressed control subjects. These studies' results can inform us of the possible alterations in sensory-cognitive processing in depressive disorders and the potential of using these ERPs in clinical applications. Auditory P3, mismatch negativity (MMN) and loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) were the subjects of the investigation. A search in PubMed yielded 84 studies. The findings of the reviewed studies were not highly consistent, but some patterns could be identified. For auditory P3b, the common findings were attenuated amplitude and prolonged latency among depressed patients. Regarding auditory MMN, especially the amplitude of duration deviance MMN was commonly attenuated, and the amplitude of frequency deviance MMN was increased in depressed patients. In LDAEP studies, generally, no differences between depressed patients and non-depressed controls were reported, although some group differences concerning specific depression subtypes were found. This review posits that future research should investigate whether certain stimulus conditions are particularly efficient at separating depressed and non-depressed participant groups. Future studies should contrast responses in different subpopulations of depressed patients, as well as different clinical groups (e.g., depressive disorder and anxiety disorder patients), to investigate the specificity of the auditory ERP alterations for depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina S Kangas
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Elisa Vuoriainen
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences / Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sari Lindeman
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Piia Astikainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Cognitive impairment in the co-occurrence of alcohol dependence and major depression: neuropsychological assessment and event-related potentials analyses. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09899. [PMID: 35874061 PMCID: PMC9305349 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the putative detrimental effect of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) on the cognitive impairment associated with Alcohol Dependence (AD), we contrasted the neuropsychological profile and behavioral responses of AD subjects, MDD individuals, and in those with a co-occurring AD-MDD diagnosis (DD). Patients and healthy subjects completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and were recorded for P200, P300, and N450 event-related potentials during memory and Stroop tasks. AD subjects exhibited a generalized detrimental neuropsychological performance; in contrast, in MDD individuals, impairment was limited to discrete domains. Notably, the deficits were distinctive in DD cases. A P200 increased amplitude in MDD, a decrease in P300 amplitude in AD, and increased latency of P300 in DD patients were the overt electrophysiological abnormalities identified. Dual patients also exhibited a distinct pattern of behavioral responses, particularly apparent during high-demand cognitive tasks. Specific ERP adjustments were associated with the short-term fluoxetine treatment in DD and MDD subjects; the SSRI also improved altered baseline performance in learning and cognitive flexibility in DD subjects. In conclusion, the neuropsychological and behavioral alterations detected in the co-occurrence of AD-MDD did not seem to be merely the sum of the negative contributions of the independent disorders. Dual diagnosis (DD) patients exhibited a distinctive pattern of cognitive impairments compared to single diagnosis subjects. The ERP alterations identified were not shared among affected groups. Dual patients exhibited idiosyncratic behavioral responses. Impaired executive functions in DD subjects improved with SSRI medication. Neuropsychological and behavioral alterations are not explained as the sum of negative contributions of individual diagnosis.
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Koo YS, An S, Kim MJ, Kim HW, Lee SA. Psychomotor Speed Predicts Outcome in Patients with Acute Meningitis and Encephalitis: A Prospective Observational Study. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022; 53:229-237. [PMID: 34255579 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211031137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose. Although acute meningitis and encephalitis are known to cause cognitive dysfunction, the prognostic values of neuropsychological and neurophysiological tests in predicting clinical outcomes are seldom studied. We investigated specific neurocognitive dysfunction and event-related potentials (ERPs), which can predict functional outcomes in patients with acute meningitis and encephalitis. Methods. We enrolled consecutive adult patients with acute meningitis and encephalitis and performed neuropsychological tests and ERP studies using a passive auditory oddball paradigm at enrollment. Patient functional outcomes were assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 (GOS6) months after discharge. Results. Twenty-two patients were included in the study. Among 21 patients who performed neuropsychological tests, Korean-Trail Making Test-Elderly's version, Part A time (TMT-A time) correlated with GOS6, which remained significant even after controlling for age. We identified a significant association between TMT-A time and P3a latency. Post-hoc analysis showed that patients with longer TMT-A time (≥23 s) tended to have longer P3a latency than those with shorter TMT-A time. Conclusions. Decreased psychomotor speed predicted poor clinical outcomes. Because TMT-A time can be performed at the bedside in a relatively short time, this might be a useful neuropsychological biomarker to predict or monitor clinical outcomes. Furthermore, passive oddball P3a may be useful in patients with more severe disease who are unable to perform the TMT task.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soyeon An
- 65526Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kim
- 65526Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- 194197Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
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Cao C, Huang Y, Chen A, Xu G, Song J. Improvement in Attention Processing After Surgical Treatment in Functional Pituitary Adenomas: Evidence From ERP Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:656255. [PMID: 34659078 PMCID: PMC8517483 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.656255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive abilities are impaired in patients with pituitary adenoma. However, studies on attention processing impairment in preoperative patients and attention processing recovery after transsphenoidal adenomectomy are lacking. The study aims to identify the electrophysiological change that relates to attention processing in pituitary patients before and after treatment. Twenty five preoperative pituitary patients and 25 follow-up postoperative patients were recruited. 27 healthy controls (HCs) were matched to the patients with age, gender, and education. Event-related potentials were used to investigate the attention processing in the preoperative patients, postoperative patients, and HCs. Across three groups, all emotional stimuli evoked P200 components. Compared with the HCs or postoperative patients, the amplitudes of P200 in the preoperative patients were higher. Moreover, The amplitudes of P200 decreased in the postoperative patients, which were similar to that in the HCs. The attention processing was improved after surgery, but no significant differences were detected between the postoperative patients and HCs. Abnormal hormone levels may be relevant to the factor that impair attention processing. Compared with that of the HCs and postoperative patients, the P200 component elicited by negative stimuli is higher in preoperative patients, which may illustrate compensatory activity after attention impairments. Furthermore, these data indicate that improvements in attention processing may be attributed to the amelioration of endocrine disorders. This study shows that the P200 component may be used to diagnose attention processing in preoperative pituitary patients and prove the improvement of attention processing in postoperative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Cao
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- The First School of Clinical Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aobo Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozheng Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Theater Command General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
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7
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Francis AM, Bissonnette JN, Hull KM, Leckey J, Pimer L, Berrigan LI, Fisher DJ. Alterations of novelty processing in major depressive disorder. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Tavakoli P, Boafo A, Jerome E, Campbell K. Active and Passive Attentional Processing in Adolescent Suicide Attempters: An Event-Related Potential Study. Clin EEG Neurosci 2021; 52:29-37. [PMID: 32579028 DOI: 10.1177/1550059420933086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents. Suicidal behavior is associated with impairments in attention. Attention can be directed toward relevant events in the environment either actively, under voluntary control, or passively, by external salient events. The extent to which the risk for suicidal behavior affects active and passive attention is largely unknown. METHODS Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while 14 adolescents with acute suicidal behavior and 14 healthy controls performed an auditory 3-stimulus oddball task. The task consisted of standard (80%), target (10%), and novel (10%) stimuli. The participants were instructed to press a button upon presentation of the target. The novel stimuli were unexpected and irrelevant to the target detection task. RESULTS Accuracy of target detection was slightly but significantly reduced in the suicidal group. There were no significant differences in the amplitude of the target-N2 or -P3b between groups. There was a slight, but nonsignificant, increase in the amplitude of the novel-N2 and -P3 in the suicidal group. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to explore both passive and controlled aspects of attention using ERPs in adolescents with acute suicidal behavior. Although there were no significant ERP group differences, this is an important step in identifying objective markers of suicide risk among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paniz Tavakoli
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Addo Boafo
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Conley AC, Key AP, Taylor WD, Albert KM, Boyd BD, Vega JN, Newhouse PA. EEG as a Functional Marker of Nicotine Activity: Evidence From a Pilot Study of Adults With Late-Life Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:721874. [PMID: 35002791 PMCID: PMC8732868 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life depression (LLD) is a debilitating condition that is associated with poor response to antidepressant medications and deficits in cognitive performance. Nicotinic cholinergic stimulation has emerged as a potentially effective candidate to improve cognitive performance in patients with cognitive impairment. Previous studies of nicotinic stimulation in animal models and human populations with cognitive impairment led to examining potential cognitive and mood effects of nicotinic stimulation in older adults with LLD. We report results from a pilot study of transdermal nicotine in LLD testing whether nicotine treatment would enhance cognitive performance and mood. The study used electroencephalography (EEG) recordings as a tool to test for potential mechanisms underlying the effect of nicotine. Eight non-smoking participants with LLD completed EEG recordings at baseline and after 12 weeks of transdermal nicotine treatment (NCT02816138). Nicotine augmentation treatment was associated with improved performance on an auditory oddball task. Analysis of event-related oscillations showed that nicotine treatment was associated with reduced beta desynchronization at week 12 for both standard and target trials. The change in beta power on standard trials was also correlated with improvement in mood symptoms. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence for the impact of nicotine in modulating cortical activity and improving mood in depressed older adults and shows the utility of using EEG as a marker of functional engagement in nicotinic interventions in clinical geriatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Conley
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alexandra P Key
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Warren D Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kimberly M Albert
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brian D Boyd
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jennifer N Vega
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Paul A Newhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
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Effects of maternal mental health on fetal visual preference for face-like compared to non-face like light stimulation. Early Hum Dev 2020; 151:105227. [PMID: 33070096 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The question of whether humans react differentially to face-like versus non face-like light stimulation in the prenatal period has been much discussed, but to date has remained unresolved. In this feasibility study we have come closer to understanding fetal vision. In contrast to other studies examining fetal reactions to prenatal light stimulation, we controlled maternal factors known to affect fetal neurodevelopment; including maternal mental health and attachment. We found that, for fetuses at 33 weeks gestation, maternal mental health (anxiety and depression), and fetal growth factors (femur length) all had a significant effect on fetal reactivity to face-like compared to a non-face-like control light stimulus. This calls into question some previously published results. We discuss implications of these findings in terms of the development of fetal visual perception.
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Keller AS, Leikauf JE, Holt-Gosselin B, Staveland BR, Williams LM. Paying attention to attention in depression. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:279. [PMID: 31699968 PMCID: PMC6838308 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention is the gate through which sensory information enters our conscious experiences. Oftentimes, patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) complain of concentration difficulties that negatively impact their day-to-day function, and these attention problems are not alleviated by current first-line treatments. In spite of attention's influence on many aspects of cognitive and emotional functioning, and the inclusion of concentration difficulties in the diagnostic criteria for MDD, the focus of depression as a disease is typically on mood features, with attentional features considered less of an imperative for investigation. Here, we summarize the breadth and depth of findings from the cognitive neurosciences regarding the neural mechanisms supporting goal-directed attention in order to better understand how these might go awry in depression. First, we characterize behavioral impairments in selective, sustained, and divided attention in depressed individuals. We then discuss interactions between goal-directed attention and other aspects of cognition (cognitive control, perception, and decision-making) and emotional functioning (negative biases, internally-focused attention, and interactions of mood and attention). We then review evidence for neurobiological mechanisms supporting attention, including the organization of large-scale neural networks and electrophysiological synchrony. Finally, we discuss the failure of current first-line treatments to alleviate attention impairments in MDD and review evidence for more targeted pharmacological, brain stimulation, and behavioral interventions. By synthesizing findings across disciplines and delineating avenues for future research, we aim to provide a clearer outline of how attention impairments may arise in the context of MDD and how, mechanistically, they may negatively impact daily functioning across various domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle S Keller
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John E Leikauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bailey Holt-Gosselin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brooke R Staveland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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12
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Watters AJ, Carpenter JS, Harris AWF, Korgaonkar MS, Williams LM. Characterizing neurocognitive markers of familial risk for depression using multi-modal imaging, behavioral and self-report measures. J Affect Disord 2019; 253:336-342. [PMID: 31078833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with poorer behavioral performance in domains of working memory and associated cognitive systems for cognitive control and attention. Functional neuroimaging studies show altered functioning in MDD in frontal executive control circuits implicated in these cognitive processes. It is not yet known whether poor cognitive performance involving these circuits is part of the familial risk for MDD, and we addressed this issue using a multi-modal imaging, behavioral and self-report approach in unaffected first-degree relatives of parent probands with MDD. METHODS 72 unaffected adult first-degree relatives of probands with MDD (mean age 30.5 ± 13.4 years) with and 66 case-wise matched non-relative controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of 'n-back' working memory task, a Go/No-go task assessing cognitive control and an Auditory Oddball test of selective attention. Groups were compared on imaging data analyzed voxel wise with a focus on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and insula regions of interest, and on corresponding behavioral accuracy and reaction time data. Symptoms were assessed using self-report scales. RESULTS Relatives were distinguished by comparatively decreased activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during updating of working memory. Behaviorally, relatives also showed more errors of omission during working memory updating. DLPFC hypo-activation was associated with greater depressive symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS Deficits in cognitive processing may be part of the profile of familial risk for depression, preceding illness onset, specifically in the domain of working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Watters
- Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanne S Carpenter
- Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony W F Harris
- Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, Stanford University, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto (Sierra-Pacific MIRECC), CA, USA.
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Sill J, Popov T, Schauer M, Elbert T. Rapid brain responses to affective pictures indicate dimensions of trauma-related psychopathology in adolescents. Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13353. [PMID: 30807662 PMCID: PMC6991163 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A variety of mental disorders are related to deviant brain activity, but these neural alterations do not validate psychiatric diagnostic categories. High symptom overlap and variable symptom patterns encourage a dimensional approach. Following the logic of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), we investigated trauma survivors for symptom clusters that might be associated with characteristics of ERPs, in particular with the early posterior negativity (EPN) elicited during affective picture processing. In rapid serial visual presentation, 90 adolescents (40 male/50 female, age M = 15.0 ± 2.5 years) who had been exposed to varying amounts of traumatic stress passively viewed a stream of high‐arousing positive and low‐arousing neutral pictures taken from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Using standardized interviews, symptoms of trauma‐related mental disorders were assessed (including those for PTSD, depression, borderline personality disorder, and behavioral problems). A principal component analysis was performed to derive potential dimensions of psychopathology. Multiple regression analysis confirmed a factor comprising problems concentrating, sleeping difficulties, and mistrust as a predictor of a larger EPN difference between high‐arousing positive and low‐arousing neutral IAPS pictures (β = 0.19, p < 0.05). Sex predicted the magnitude of the EPN (β = 0.45, p < 0.001). Male adolescents displayed a stronger EPN suppression than female adolescents. The result suggests that problems concentrating, sleeping difficulties, and mistrust seem to be trans‐diagnostic elements related to diminished early emotional discrimination represented by the EPN. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the EPN in response to emotional processing is modulated by sex. Based on the RDoC heuristic, symptom clusters that may be associated with the early posterior negativity (EPN) elicited during affective picture processing were investigated in youth trauma survivors. Analysis confirmed a factor comprising problems concentrating, sleeping difficulties, and mistrust as a predictor of a larger EPN difference between high arousing positive and low arousing neutral IAPS pictures using rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). The EPN component was also modulated by sex. The findings also extend those of prior research on emotional processing confirming that EPN suppression can also be found in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sill
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tzvetan Popov
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maggie Schauer
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas Elbert
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Macatee RJ, Albanese BJ, Clancy K, Allan NP, Bernat EM, Cougle JR, Schmidt NB. Distress intolerance modulation of neurophysiological markers of cognitive control during a complex go/no-go task. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 127:12-29. [PMID: 29369665 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Distress intolerance (DI), a trait-like individual difference reflective of the inability to endure aversive affective states, is relevant to multiple forms of psychopathology, but its relations to theoretically relevant neurobiological systems have received little attention. Altered cognitive control-related neurobiology has been theorized to underlie individual differences in DI, but little empirical work has been conducted. To test this hypothesis, baseline data from a large community sample with elevated high levels of emotional psychopathology and comorbidity was utilized (N = 256). Participants completed a complex go/no-go task while EEG was recorded, and P2, N2, and P3 amplitudes were measured. Based upon prior findings on the relations between these components and response inhibition, a core cognitive control function, we hypothesized that DI would predict reduced no-go N2 and P3 amplitude while controlling for current anxious/depressive symptom severity (i.e., negative affect). Peak amplitudes from the raw data and principal components analysis were used to quantify amplitude of ERP components. Partially consistent with predictions, high DI was independently associated with reduced no-go N2 peak amplitude in the raw ERP data, and was significantly related to a frontal positivity factor in the N2 time window across no-go and go trials. Contrary to predictions, no relations between DI and the P3 were found. Overall, results support the theorized relevance of cognitive control-linked neurobiology to individual differences in tolerance of distress over and above distress severity itself, and suggest specific relations between DI and alterations in early controlled attention/conflict-monitoring but not response inhibition or response inhibition-related sequelae. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin Clancy
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University
| | | | - Edward M Bernat
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park
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Zhou L, Wang G, Nan C, Wang H, Liu Z, Bai H. Abnormalities in P300 components in depression: an ERP-sLORETA study. Nord J Psychiatry 2019; 73:1-8. [PMID: 30636465 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1478991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in P300 components occur in depressed patients, but the brain regions contributing to these changes remain unclear. AIMS Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the underlying neural activation of P300 components in patients with depression to explore brain regions related to depression. METHODS P300 components were evoked by an oddball auditory paradigm and recorded from 30 patients with current depression, as well as 30 age-, gender-, and education level-matched healthy controls. The standardized Low-Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA) method was used to explore the source activation of P300 components. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, depressed patients tended to exhibit lower P200 and P300 amplitudes and prolonged P300 latency. In depressed patients, P200 source activations were reduced in the right insula, right precentral gyrus, left anterior cingulate, medial frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus. Decreased source activations of P300 were identified in the right insula, postcentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, transverse temporal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, and paracentral gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Extensive dysfunction over the right hemisphere and bilateral prefrontal dysfunction may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhou
- a Department of Psychiatry , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- a Department of Psychiatry , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Cai Nan
- a Department of Psychiatry , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Huiling Wang
- a Department of Psychiatry , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- a Department of Psychiatry , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Hanping Bai
- a Department of Psychiatry , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
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Ye G, Yin GZ, Tang Z, Fu JL, Chen J, Chen SS, Li J, Fu T, Yu X, Xu DW, Yao JK, Hui L. Association between increased serum interleukin-6 levels and sustained attention deficits in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychol Med 2018; 48:2508-2514. [PMID: 29415791 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in patients with the major depressive disorder (MDD) may involve neuroinflammation mediated by cytokines. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, sustained attention, and their association in patients with MDD. METHODS Thirty patients with MDD and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Sustained attention was measured using the Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP) task in the Cambridge Neuropsychological Tests Automated Battery. The serum IL-6 levels of all subjects were assessed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS There were significant differences in the log10RVP total hits, log10RVP total misses, and log10RVP mean latency between patients with MDD and healthy controls (F = 6.04, p = 0.017; F = 19.77, p < 0.0001; F = 14.42, p < 0.0001, respectively). The serum levels of Log10IL-6 were significantly higher in patients with MDD than in healthy controls (F = 192.27, p < 0.0001). The log10IL-6 levels were also positively correlated with the log10RVP mean latency in patients with MDD (r = 0.45, p = 0.013). A further stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated that the log10IL-6 levels were significantly associated with the log10RVP mean latency in patients with MDD (β = 0.31, t = 2.41, p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that increased IL-6 levels were associated with the psychopathology of MDD, and that abnormal IL-6 levels were implicated in the impairment of sustained attention in patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ye
- Institute of Mental Health,Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital,The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou, Jiangsu,PR China
| | - Guang Zhong Yin
- Institute of Mental Health,Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital,The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou, Jiangsu,PR China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Institute of Mental Health,Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital,The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou, Jiangsu,PR China
| | - Jia Lin Fu
- Institute of Mental Health,Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital,The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou, Jiangsu,PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Mental Health,Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital,The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou, Jiangsu,PR China
| | - Shan Shan Chen
- School of Mental Health,Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang,PR China
| | - Jia Li
- Institute of Mental Health,Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital,The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou, Jiangsu,PR China
| | - Tian Fu
- Institute of Mental Health,Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital,The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou, Jiangsu,PR China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Mental Health,Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang,PR China
| | - Dong Wu Xu
- School of Mental Health,Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang,PR China
| | - Jeffrey K Yao
- Medical Research Service,VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
| | - Li Hui
- Institute of Mental Health,Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital,The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou, Jiangsu,PR China
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The P300 component decreases in a bimodal oddball task in individuals with depression: An event-related potentials study. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:2525-2533. [PMID: 30366168 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated auditory-visual stimulation-induced P300 and examined whether P300 was differentially modulated between individuals with clinical depression and healthy controls. We hypothesized that the P300 component would significantly differ between individuals with depression and healthy individuals Specifically, we predicted that the P300 component induced by the bimodal oddball task would be significantly different from that induced by the unimodal task. METHODS Forty-five individuals with depression and forty-five healthy controls participated in this study. All participants were instructed to complete three oddball tasks-auditory (A), visual (V), and bimodal (AV)-while their electroencephalographic signals were recorded. RESULTS Individuals with depression had a lower P300 amplitude and a longer latency than controls in the bimodal task. P300 amplitudes in the bimodal task were significantly higher than in the auditory or visual tasks in both groups. In the depression group, the P300 amplitude was negatively correlated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores in the bimodal task. CONCLUSIONS Our results, which agree with those reported previously, suggest that there is a heightened P300 amplitude sensitivity in the bimodal task in individuals with depression. Our data also suggest that P300 amplitudes in the bimodal task may reflect the severity of depression. SIGNIFICANCE The reduced task-related ERP response in individuals with depression suggests significant impairments in these individuals in stimulus integration and response functions.
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State or trait? Auditory event-related potentials in adolescents with current and remitted major depression. Neuropsychologia 2018; 113:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Slobodskoy-Plusnin J. Behavioral and brain oscillatory correlates of affective processing in subclinical depression. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2017; 40:437-448. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2017.1371281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Shao TN, Yin GZ, Yin XL, Wu JQ, Du XD, Zhu HL, Liu JH, Wang XQ, Xu DW, Tang WJ, Hui L. Elevated triglyceride levels are associated with cognitive impairments among patients with major depressive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 75:103-109. [PMID: 28342378 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits have been identified as one of core clinical symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). Accumulating evidence indicated that triglycerides (TG) might be associated with MDD and cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether patients with MDD had poorer cognitive functions than healthy controls, and further investigate whether TG levels were involved in MDD, and its cognitive impairments in a Han Chinese population. METHOD 115 patients with MDD and 119 healthy controls were enrolled. Cognitive functions were assessed by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and serum TG levels were examined using enzymatic colorimetry. RESULTS TG levels were higher in patients with MDD than healthy controls after controlling for the variables. Cognitive test scores were lower in patients with MDD than healthy controls except for visuospatial/constructional index after controlling for the variables. TG levels were negatively correlated with visuospatial/constructional score, delayed memory score and RBANS total score of MDD. Further multivariate regression analysis showed that TG levels were negatively associated with visuospatial/constructional score, attention score, delayed memory score and RBANS total score of MDD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings supported that serum TG levels might be involved in MDD, and play an important role in cognitive impairments of MDD, especially in delayed memory. Moreover, patients with MDD experienced greater cognitive impairments than healthy controls except for visuospatial/constructional index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Nan Shao
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Kangning Hospital attached to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Guang Zhong Yin
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao Li Yin
- Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Kangning Hospital attached to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jing Qin Wu
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiang Dong Du
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hong Liang Zhu
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jia Hong Liu
- Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Kangning Hospital attached to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiao Qiong Wang
- Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Kangning Hospital attached to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Dong Wu Xu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wen Jie Tang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Li Hui
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Kangning Hospital attached to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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21
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Bartczak M, Bokus B. Semantic Distances in Depression: Relations Between ME and PAST, FUTURE, JOY, SADNESS, HAPPINESS. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2017; 46:345-366. [PMID: 27339227 PMCID: PMC5368207 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-016-9442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using the Semantic Distance Task, we investigated the semantic distances between ME and five metaphorically conceptualized notions: PAST, FUTURE, JOY, SADNESS, and HAPPINESS. Three Polish-speaking groups participated in the study: depressive subjects ([Formula: see text]), patients in remission ([Formula: see text]), and non-depressed individuals ([Formula: see text]). T-test and the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric equivalent of ANOVA analyses showed that subjects in remission placed ME significantly farther away from PAST than non-depressed individuals and depressed patients. Data mining algorithms indicated the distances ME-SADNESS, ME-PAST, and ME-FUTURE as the three strongest predictors of group membership. We interpret the findings in the light of a contrast effect and defense mechanisms. We propose that intergroup differences are especially prominent in tasks requiring creation of semantic associative relations, that is, in the first stage of conceptual processing. We suggest treating the results as confirmation that Beck's theory of depression applies at the level of notion comprehension, proving that processing of key concepts in depression symptoms (particularly PAST) runs differently in all three groups under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Bartczak
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Bokus
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183 Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Monnart A, Kornreich C, Verbanck P, Campanella S. Just Swap Out of Negative Vibes? Rumination and Inhibition Deficits in Major Depressive Disorder: Data from Event-Related Potentials Studies. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1019. [PMID: 27516743 PMCID: PMC4963408 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression is a serious disorder of impaired emotion regulation. Emotion hyperactivity leads to excessive negative ruminations that daily hijack the patient’s mental life, impacting their mood. Evidence from past researches suggest that depressive patients present several cognitive impairments in attention and working memory, leading to a more acute selective attention for negative stimuli and a greater accessibility of negative memories. Recently, is has been proposed that impaired inhibitory functioning with regard to emotional information processing might be one of the mechanisms of ruminations linking memory, attention and depression. It seems that inhibition deficit is present at both the input level (i.e., the ability to reduce the interference from emotional distracters) and the higher level (i.e., the ability to direct the attention away from emotional material that has already been processed) of emotional information processing. Event-related potentials (ERP) have widely been used to study inhibition in adults suffering from various psychopathological states. In particular, depressive disorder has been linked to ERPs modulations, at early as well as at latter stages of the information-processing stream, when processing affective material. For instance, deficits in inhibiting negative information have been indexed by changes in the parameters (amplitudes and latencies) of early P2, P1 and N1 components while other ERP studies have shown an ability to differentiate depressed patients from normal controls based upon response inhibition difficulties in go-nogo tasks, indexed by later NoGo P3 differences. In this review, we will focus on results of ERP studies investigating inhibition and its interaction with emotional related cue processing in depressive populations. Implications for future research and theoretical perspectives will be discussed within the framework of current models of depressive disorder, based upon the hypothesis that negative ruminations are at the center of depression processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Monnart
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels Belgium
| | - Charles Kornreich
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels Belgium
| | - Paul Verbanck
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels Belgium
| | - Salvatore Campanella
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie, ULB Neuroscience Institute, CHU Brugmann-Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels Belgium
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Bakos S, Töllner T, Trinkl M, Landes I, Bartling J, Grossheinrich N, Schulte-Körne G, Greimel E. Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Auditory Information Processing in Adolescence: A Study on Sex Differences. Dev Neuropsychol 2016; 41:201-14. [PMID: 27379950 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2016.1194840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To date, little is known about sex differences in the neurophysiological correlates underlying auditory information processing. In the present study, auditory evoked potentials were evoked in typically developing male (n = 15) and female (n = 14) adolescents (13-18 years) during an auditory oddball task. Girls compared to boys displayed lower N100 and P300 amplitudes to targets. Larger N100 amplitudes in adolescent boys might indicate higher neural sensitivity to changes of incoming auditory information. The P300 findings point toward sex differences in auditory working memory and might suggest that adolescent boys might allocate more attentional resources when processing relevant auditory stimuli than adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarolta Bakos
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Munich , Munich , Germany.,b Department of Experimental Psychology , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Thomas Töllner
- b Department of Experimental Psychology , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany.,c Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Monika Trinkl
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Iris Landes
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Jürgen Bartling
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Nicola Grossheinrich
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Munich , Munich , Germany.,d Translational Brain Medicine in Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy , University Hospital RWTH Aachen/JARA Brain Translational Medicine , Aachen and Jülich , Germany.,e Neurophysiological Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Ellen Greimel
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Hospital Munich , Munich , Germany
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Bi K, Hua L, Wei M, Qin J, Lu Q, Yao Z. Dynamic functional-structural coupling within acute functional state change phases: Evidence from a depression recognition study. J Affect Disord 2016; 191:145-55. [PMID: 26655124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic functional-structural connectivity (FC-SC) coupling might reflect the flexibility by which SC relates to functional connectivity (FC). However, during the dynamic acute state change phases of FC, the relationship between FC and SC may be distinctive and embody the abnormality inherent in depression. This study investigated the depression-related inter-network FC-SC coupling within particular dynamic acute state change phases of FC. METHODS Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were collected from 26 depressive patients (13 women) and 26 age-matched controls (13 women). We constructed functional brain networks based on MEG data and structural networks from DTI data. The dynamic connectivity regression algorithm was used to identify the state change points of a time series of inter-network FC. The time period of FC that contained change points were partitioned into types of dynamic phases (acute rising phase, acute falling phase,acute rising and falling phase and abrupt FC variation phase) to explore the inter-network FC-SC coupling. The selected FC-SC couplings were then fed into the support vector machine (SVM) for depression recognition. RESULTS The best discrimination accuracy was 82.7% (P=0.0069) with FC-SC couplings, particularly in the acute rising phase of FC. Within the FC phases of interest, the significant discriminative network pair was related to the salience network vs ventral attention network (SN-VAN) (P=0.0126) during the early rising phase (70-170ms). LIMITATIONS This study suffers from a small sample size, and the individual acute length of the state change phases was not considered. CONCLUSIONS The increased values of significant discriminative vectors of FC-SC coupling in depression suggested that the capacity to process negative emotion might be more directly related to the SC abnormally and be indicative of more stringent and less dynamic brain function in SN-VAN, especially in the acute rising phase of FC. We demonstrated that depressive brain dysfunctions could be better characterized by reduced FC-SC coupling flexibility in this particular phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Research Centre for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lingling Hua
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Maobin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Research Centre for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jiaolong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Research Centre for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Research Centre for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Suzhou Research Institute of Southeast University, 399 Linquan Street, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China; Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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van Dinteren R, Arns M, Kenemans L, Jongsma MLA, Kessels RPC, Fitzgerald P, Fallahpour K, Debattista C, Gordon E, Williams LM. Utility of event-related potentials in predicting antidepressant treatment response: An iSPOT-D report. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1981-90. [PMID: 26282359 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is essential to improve antidepressant treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and one way this could be achieved is by reducing the number of treatment steps by employing biomarkers that can predict treatment outcome. This study investigated differences between MDD patients and healthy controls in the P3 and N1 component from the event-related potential (ERP) generated in a standard two-tone oddball paradigm. Furthermore, the P3 and N1 are investigated as predictors for treatment outcome to three different antidepressants. In the international Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression (iSPOT-D)--a multi-center, international, randomized, prospective practical trial--1008 MDD participants were randomized to escitalopram, sertraline or venlafaxine-XR. The study also recruited 336 healthy controls. Treatment response and remission were established after eight weeks using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. P3 and N1 latencies and amplitudes were analyzed using a peak-picking approach and further replicated by using exact low resolution tomography (eLORETA). A reduced P3 was found in MDD patients compared to controls by a peak-picking analysis. This was validated in a temporal global field power analysis. Source density analysis revealed that the difference in cortical activity originated from the posterior cingulate and parahippocampal gyrus. Male non-responders to venlafaxine-XR had significantly smaller N1 amplitudes than responders. This was demonstrated by both analytical methods. Male non-responders to venlafaxine-XR had less activity originating from the left insular cortex. The observed results are discussed from a neural network viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik van Dinteren
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Arns
- Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Leon Kenemans
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijtje L A Jongsma
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School and the Alfred, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Kamran Fallahpour
- Department of Psychiatry at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Brain Resource Center, New York, USA
| | - Charles Debattista
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Evian Gordon
- Brain Resource, Sydney, NSW, Australia and San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Antidepressant-like effects induced by NMDA receptor blockade and NO synthesis inhibition in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex of rats exposed to the forced swim test. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:2263-73. [PMID: 25589143 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Systemic treatment with NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists, inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) or of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), induce antidepressant-like effects in rats. Increased levels of glutamate and nitric oxide (NO) in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) of stressed animals have been described in the literature. However, the role of the NMDAR-nNOS-sGC pathway of the MPFC in the mediation of forced swim-induced behaviors remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that the inhibition of the NMDAR-nNOS-sGC pathway in the ventral MPFC (infralimbic (IL) or prelimbic (PL)) would elicit antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test (FST). METHODS Rats implanted with cannulae aimed at the PL or the IL were exposed to the FST and injected with LY235959 (NMDAR antagonist), NPA (nNOS inhibitor), ODQ (sGC inhibitor), or carboxy-PTIO (NO scavenger). Additional groups received the AMPA antagonist, NBQX, before the effective doses of LY235959 or NPA. RESULTS LY235959 administration into PL or IL before the FS pretest produced no effects. Administration of LY235959 (3 and 10 nmol/0.2 μL) after pretest was effective only when administered into the PL. However, the administration of NPA (0.01 nmol/0.2 μL), c-PTIO (1.0 nmol/0.2 μL), and ODQ (1.0 nmol/0.2 μL) into the PL or IL before the FST produced antidepressant-like effects. NBQX blocked the antidepressant-like effect of LY235959 but not of NPA. CONCLUSION Blocking NMDAR or NO signaling in the vMPFC, either in the IL or the PL, induces antidepressant-like effects in the rat FST. These effects seemingly occur through independent mechanisms, since NBQX blocked the former effect but not the latter.
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Grunewald M, Stadelmann S, Brandeis D, Jaeger S, Matuschek T, Weis S, Kalex V, Hiemisch A, von Klitzing K, Döhnert M. Early processing of emotional faces in a Go/NoGo task: lack of N170 right-hemispheric specialisation in children with major depression. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:1339-52. [PMID: 26093649 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Emotionally biased information processing towards sad and away from happy information characterises individuals with major depression. To learn more about the nature of these dysfunctional modulations, developmental and neural aspects of emotional face processing have to be considered. By combining measures of performance (attention control, inhibition) in an emotional Go/NoGo task with an event-related potential (ERP) of early face processing (N170), we obtained a multifaceted picture of emotional face processing in a sample of children and adolescents (11-14 years) with major depression (MDD, n = 26) and healthy controls (CTRL, n = 26). Subjects had to respond to emotional faces (fearful, happy or sad) and withhold their response to calm faces or vice versa. Children of the MDD group displayed shorter N170 latencies than children of the CTRL group. Typical right lateralisation of the N170 was observed for all faces in the CTRL but not for happy and calm faces in the MDD group. However, the MDD group did not differ in their behavioural reaction to emotional faces, and effects of interference by emotional information on the reaction to calm faces in this group were notably mild. Although we could not find a typical pattern of emotional bias, the results suggest that alterations in face processing of children with major depression can be seen at early stages of face perception indexed by the N170. The findings call for longitudinal examinations considering effects of development in children with major depression as well as associations to later stages of processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Grunewald
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,
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Greimel E, Trinkl M, Bartling J, Bakos S, Grossheinrich N, Schulte-Körne G. Auditory selective attention in adolescents with major depression: An event-related potential study. J Affect Disord 2015; 172:445-52. [PMID: 25451449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression (MD) is associated with deficits in selective attention. Previous studies in adults with MD using event-related potentials (ERPs) reported abnormalities in the neurophysiological correlates of auditory selective attention. However, it is yet unclear whether these findings can be generalized to MD in adolescence. Thus, the aim of the present ERP study was to explore the neural mechanisms of auditory selective attention in adolescents with MD. METHODS 24 male and female unmedicated adolescents with MD and 21 control subjects were included in the study. ERPs were collected during an auditory oddball paradigm. RESULTS Depressive adolescents tended to show a longer N100 latency to target and non-target tones. Moreover, MD subjects showed a prolonged latency of the P200 component to targets. Across groups, longer P200 latency was associated with a decreased tendency of disinhibited behavior as assessed by a behavioral questionnaire. LIMITATIONS To be able to draw more precise conclusions about differences between the neural bases of selective attention in adolescents vs. adults with MD, future studies should include both age groups and apply the same experimental setting across all subjects. CONCLUSIONS The study provides strong support for abnormalities in the neurophysiolgical bases of selective attention in adolecents with MD at early stages of auditory information processing. Absent group differences in later ERP components reflecting voluntary attentional processes stand in contrast to results reported in adults with MD and may suggest that adolescents with MD possess mechanisms to compensate for abnormalities in the early stages of selective attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Greimel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 8a, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - M Trinkl
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 8a, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - J Bartling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 8a, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - S Bakos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 8a, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - N Grossheinrich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 8a, D-80336 Munich, Germany; Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Translational Brain Medicine in Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen/JARA Brain Translational Medicine, Aachen and Juelich, Germany
| | - G Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 8a, D-80336 Munich, Germany
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Steele VR, Fink BC, Maurer JM, Arbabshirani MR, Wilber CH, Jaffe AJ, Sidz A, Pearlson GD, Calhoun VD, Clark VP, Kiehl KA. Brain potentials measured during a Go/NoGo task predict completion of substance abuse treatment. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:75-83. [PMID: 24238783 PMCID: PMC3984370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND U.S. nationwide estimates indicate that 50% to 80% of prisoners have a history of substance abuse or dependence. Tailoring substance abuse treatment to specific needs of incarcerated individuals could improve effectiveness of treating substance dependence and preventing drug abuse relapse. We tested whether pretreatment neural measures of a response inhibition (Go/NoGo) task would predict which individuals would or would not complete a 12-week cognitive behavioral substance abuse treatment program. METHODS Adult incarcerated participants (n = 89; women n = 55) who volunteered for substance abuse treatment performed a Go/NoGo task while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Stimulus- and response-locked ERPs were compared between participants who completed (n = 68; women = 45) and discontinued (n = 21; women = 10) treatment. RESULTS As predicted, stimulus-locked P2, response-locked error-related negativity (ERN/Ne), and response-locked error positivity (Pe), measured with windowed time-domain and principal component analysis, differed between groups. Using logistic regression and support-vector machine (i.e., pattern classifiers) models, P2 and Pe predicted treatment completion above and beyond other measures (i.e., N2, P300, ERN/Ne, age, sex, IQ, impulsivity, depression, anxiety, motivation for change, and years of drug abuse). CONCLUSIONS Participants who discontinued treatment exhibited deficiencies in sensory gating, as indexed by smaller P2; error-monitoring, as indexed by smaller ERN/Ne; and adjusting response strategy posterror, as indexed by larger Pe. The combination of P2 and Pe reliably predicted 83.33% of individuals who discontinued treatment. These results may help in the development of individualized therapies, which could lead to more favorable, long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn R Steele
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
| | - Brandi C Fink
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - J Michael Maurer
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Mohammad R Arbabshirani
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | | | - Anna Sidz
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living; Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Vincent P Clark
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Outhred T, Kemp AH, Malhi GS. Physiological Correlates of Bipolar Spectrum Disorders and their Treatment. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 21:47-102. [PMID: 24844679 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2014_297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) are associated with great personal and socioeconomic burden, with patients often facing a delay in detection, misdiagnosis when detected, and a trial-and-error approach to finding the most appropriate treatment. Therefore, improvement in the assessment and management of patients with BSDs is critical. Should valid physiological measures for BSDs be identified and implemented, significant clinical improvements are likely to be realized. This chapter reviews the physiological correlates of BSDs and treatment, and in doing so, examines the neuroimaging, electroencephalogram, and event-related potential, and peripheral physiological correlates that both characterize and differentiate BSDs and their response to treatment. Key correlates of BSDs involve underlying disturbances in prefrontal and limbic network neural activity, early neural processing, and within the autonomic nervous system. These changes appear to be mood-related and can be normalized with treatment. We adopt an "embodied" perspective and propose a novel, working framework that takes into account embodied psychophysiological mechanisms in which the physiological correlates of BSD are integrated. This approach may in time provide the objective physiological measures needed to improve assessment and decision making when treating patients with BSDs. Future research with integrative, multimodal measures is likely to yield potential applications for physiological measures of BSD that correlate closely with diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Outhred
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
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Korgaonkar MS, Grieve SM, Etkin A, Koslow SH, Williams LM. Using standardized fMRI protocols to identify patterns of prefrontal circuit dysregulation that are common and specific to cognitive and emotional tasks in major depressive disorder: first wave results from the iSPOT-D study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:863-71. [PMID: 23303059 PMCID: PMC3671994 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging studies have implicated dysregulation of prefrontal circuits in major depressive disorder (MDD), and these circuits are a viable target for predicting treatment outcomes. However, because of the heterogeneity of tasks and samples used in studies to date, it is unclear whether the central dysfunction is one of prefrontal hyperreactivity or hyporeactivity. We used a standardized battery of tasks and protocols for functional magnetic resonance imaging, to identify the common vs the specific prefrontal circuits engaged by these tasks in the same 30 outpatients with MDD compared with 30 matched, healthy control participants, recruited as part of the International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression (iSPOT-D). Reflecting cognitive neuroscience theory and established evidence, the battery included cognitive tasks designed to assess functions of selective attention, sustained attention-working memory and response inhibition, and emotion tasks to assess explicit conscious and implicit nonconscious viewing of facial emotion. MDD participants were distinguished by a distinctive biosignature of: hypoactivation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during working memory updating and during conscious negative emotion processing; hyperactivation of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during working memory and response inhibition cognitive tasks and hypoactivation of the dorsomedial prefrontal during conscious processing of positive emotion. These results show that the use of standardized tasks in the same participants provides a way to tease out prefrontal circuitry dysfunction related to cognitive and emotional functions, and not to methodological or sample variations. These findings provide the frame of reference for identifying prefrontal biomarker predictors of treatment outcomes in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- The Brain Dynamics Center, University of Sydney Medical School and Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Stuart M Grieve
- The Brain Dynamics Center, University of Sydney Medical School and Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Brain Resource, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Brain Resource, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amit Etkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA,Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Leanne M Williams
- The Brain Dynamics Center, University of Sydney Medical School and Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA,BRAINnet Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Kerr CE, Sacchet MD, Lazar SW, Moore CI, Jones SR. Mindfulness starts with the body: somatosensory attention and top-down modulation of cortical alpha rhythms in mindfulness meditation. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:12. [PMID: 23408771 PMCID: PMC3570934 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a common set of mindfulness exercises, mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) have been shown to reduce distress in chronic pain and decrease risk of depression relapse. These standardized mindfulness (ST-Mindfulness) practices predominantly require attending to breath and body sensations. Here, we offer a novel view of ST-Mindfulness's somatic focus as a form of training for optimizing attentional modulation of 7-14 Hz alpha rhythms that play a key role in filtering inputs to primary sensory neocortex and organizing the flow of sensory information in the brain. In support of the framework, we describe our previous finding that ST-Mindfulness enhanced attentional regulation of alpha in primary somatosensory cortex (SI). The framework allows us to make several predictions. In chronic pain, we predict somatic attention in ST-Mindfulness "de-biases" alpha in SI, freeing up pain-focused attentional resources. In depression relapse, we predict ST-Mindfulness's somatic attention competes with internally focused rumination, as internally focused cognitive processes (including working memory) rely on alpha filtering of sensory input. Our computational model predicts ST-Mindfulness enhances top-down modulation of alpha by facilitating precise alterations in timing and efficacy of SI thalamocortical inputs. We conclude by considering how the framework aligns with Buddhist teachings that mindfulness starts with "mindfulness of the body." Translating this theory into neurophysiology, we hypothesize that with its somatic focus, mindfulness' top-down alpha rhythm modulation in SI enhances gain control which, in turn, sensitizes practitioners to better detect and regulate when the mind wanders from its somatic focus. This enhanced regulation of somatic mind-wandering may be an important early stage of mindfulness training that leads to enhanced cognitive regulation and metacognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D. Sacchet
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford UniversityStanford, CA, USA
| | - Sara W. Lazar
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center For Biomedical Imaging, Mass General HospitalCharlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Stephanie R. Jones
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center For Biomedical Imaging, Mass General HospitalCharlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown UniversityProvidence, RI, USA
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Baskaran A, Milev R, McIntyre RS. A review of electroencephalographic changes in diabetes mellitus in relation to major depressive disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2013; 9:143-50. [PMID: 23355785 PMCID: PMC3552551 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s38720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A bidirectional relationship exists between diabetes mellitus (DM) and major depressive disorder (MDD), with depression commonly reported in both type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM), and depressive symptoms associated with a higher incidence of diabetes. However, how the two conditions are pathologically connected is not completely understood. Similar neurophysiological abnormalities have been reported in both DM and MDD, including elevated electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in low-frequency slow waves and increased latency and/or reduced amplitude of event-related potentials. It is possible that this association reflects some common underlying pathology, and it has been proposed that diabetes may place patients at risk for depression through a biological mechanism linking the metabolic changes of DM to changes in the central nervous system. In this review we will discuss EEG abnormalities in DM, as well as the biological mechanisms underlying various EEG parameters, in order to evaluate whether or not a common EEG biosignature exists between DM and MDD. Identifying such commonalities could significantly inform the current understanding of the mechanisms that subserve the development of the two conditions. Moreover, this new insight may provide the basis for informing new drug discovery capable of mitigating and possibly even preventing both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Baskaran
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston ; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto
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Shen TW, Liu FC, Chen SJ, Chen ST. Changes in heart rate variability during TOVA testing in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 67:35-40. [PMID: 23331286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to identify major depressive disorder (MDD) based on heart rate variability (HRV) during tests of variables of attention (TOVA). METHOD Forty-five MDD patients without cardiovascular disease and 45 controls matched by age and gender participated in this study. RESULTS Compared to the controls, the MDD group had lower resting HRV parameters, more omissions and variability and longer response times on TOVA, and failure of attention employment to decrease HRV. CONCLUSIONS The resting HRV parameters may provide easily measured, clinically useful ways to identify patients with MDD and to monitor their progress in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Wang Shen
- Department of Medical Informatics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with deficits in executive cognitive function, including inhibitory control. However, inconsistencies have been found across studies. Depression is a heterogeneous disorder and these inconsistencies may therefore relate to heterogeneity in relatively small samples. METHOD Here we sought to examine event-related potentials (ERPs) during a cognitive Go/No-Go task in melancholic (n = 60) and non-melancholic depressed patients (n = 54) relative to controls (n = 114). RESULTS Behavioural responses indicate that inhibitory control processes are differentially affected by subtypes of depression such that melancholic patients exhibit a greater number of commission errors and more variable response rates in comparison to non-melancholic patients and controls respectively. However, ERPs do not differ during a cognitive Go/No-Go task when ERPs associated with correct responses are examined. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that while patients with melancholia differ from patients without melancholia and controls, no neurophysiological differences are observed when controlling for observable behavioural impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice R Quinn
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
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Lee TW, Wu YT, Yu YWY, Chen MC, Chen TJ. The implication of functional connectivity strength in predicting treatment response of major depressive disorder: a resting EEG study. Psychiatry Res 2011; 194:372-377. [PMID: 22041534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Predicting treatment response in major depressive disorder (MDD) has been an important clinical issue given that the initial intent-to-treat response rate is only 50 to 60%. This study was designed to examine whether functional connectivity strengths of resting EEG could be potential biomarkers in predicting treatment response at 8 weeks of treatment. Resting state 3-min eyes-closed EEG activity was recorded at baseline and compared in 108 depressed patients. All patients were being treated with selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors. Baseline coherence and power series correlation were compared between responders and non-responders evaluated at the 8th week by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Pearson correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were applied to evaluate the performance of connectivity strengths in predicting/classifying treatment responses. The connectivity strengths of right fronto-temporal network at delta/theta frequencies differentiated responders and non-responders at the 8th week of treatment, such that the stronger the connectivity strengths, the poorer the treatment response. ROC analyses supported the value of these measures in classifying responders/non-responders. Our results suggest that fronto-temporal connectivity strengths could be potential biomarkers to differentiate responders and slow responders or non-responders in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Wen Lee
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Yu-Te Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Tai-Jui Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan.
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Pogarell O, Padberg F, Karch S, Segmiller F, Juckel G, Mulert C, Hegerl U, Tatsch K, Koch W. Dopaminergic mechanisms of target detection - P300 event related potential and striatal dopamine. Psychiatry Res 2011; 194:212-218. [PMID: 22104371 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The P300 is a cortically generated event related potential (ERP) widely used in neurophysiological research since it is related to cognitive functions and central information processing. Intracerebral recordings and functional neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that this potential is generated by various brain regions including frontal, temporal and parietal cortices. Regarding the neurochemical background, clinical and genetic investigations suggest that dopaminergic neurons could be involved in the generation of the P300. However, there is no direct evidence in vivo that P300 amplitudes and latencies are related to dopaminergic parameters. The aim of this study was to further elucidate dopaminergic aspects of the P300 ERP by combining neurophysiological and nuclear medicine assessments in vivo. Patients with a major depressive episode underwent both P300 recordings and dynamic [¹²³I] IBZM SPECT for the evaluation of striatal dopamine D₂/D₃-receptor availability. There were statistically significant positive correlations of the striatal dopamine D₂/D₃-receptor status with P300 amplitudes and significant negative correlations with P300 latencies. Using this combined approach, the study presents direct evidence in vivo that the central dopaminergic system might play an important role in the generation of the P300 and that central dopaminergic activity could be involved in the modulation of P300 parameters. This association might be of relevance for the interpretation of P300 studies in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Frank Padberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Segmiller
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph Mulert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hegerl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus Tatsch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Municipal Hospital of Karlsruhe Inc., Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Walter Koch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Kerr CC, Kemp AH, Rennie CJ, Robinson PA. Thalamocortical changes in major depression probed by deconvolution and physiology-based modeling. Neuroimage 2011; 54:2672-82. [PMID: 21073966 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) have been extensively studied in patients with depression, but most studies have focused on purely phenomenological analysis methods, such as component scoring. In contrast, this study applies two recently developed physiology-based methods-fitting using a thalamocortical model of neuronal activity and waveform deconvolution - to data from a selective-attention task in four subject groups (49 patients with melancholic depression, 34 patients with non-melancholic depression, 111 participants with subclinical depressed mood, and 98 healthy controls), to yield insight into physiological differences in attentional processing between participants with major depression and controls. This approach found evidence that: participants with depressed mood, regardless of clinical status, shift from excitation in the thalamocortical system towards inhibition; that clinically depressed participants have decreased relative response amplitude between target and standard waveforms; and that patients with melancholic depression also have increased thalamocortical delays. These findings suggest possible physiological mechanisms underlying different depression subtypes, and may eventually prove useful in motivating new physiology-based diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliff C Kerr
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Williams LM, Rush AJ, Koslow SH, Wisniewski SR, Cooper NJ, Nemeroff CB, Schatzberg AF, Gordon E. International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment for Depression (iSPOT-D), a randomized clinical trial: rationale and protocol. Trials 2011; 12:4. [PMID: 21208417 PMCID: PMC3036635 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-12-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinically useful treatment moderators of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) have not yet been identified, though some baseline predictors of treatment outcome have been proposed. The aim of iSPOT-D is to identify pretreatment measures that predict or moderate MDD treatment response or remission to escitalopram, sertraline or venlafaxine; and develop a model that incorporates multiple predictors and moderators. Methods/Design The International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment - in Depression (iSPOT-D) is a multi-centre, international, randomized, prospective, open-label trial. It is enrolling 2016 MDD outpatients (ages 18-65) from primary or specialty care practices (672 per treatment arm; 672 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls). Study-eligible patients are antidepressant medication (ADM) naïve or willing to undergo a one-week wash-out of any non-protocol ADM, and cannot have had an inadequate response to protocol ADM. Baseline assessments include symptoms; distress; daily function; cognitive performance; electroencephalogram and event-related potentials; heart rate and genetic measures. A subset of these baseline assessments are repeated after eight weeks of treatment. Outcomes include the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (primary) and self-reported depressive symptoms, social functioning, quality of life, emotional regulation, and side-effect burden (secondary). Participants may then enter a naturalistic telephone follow-up at weeks 12, 16, 24 and 52. The first half of the sample will be used to identify potential predictors and moderators, and the second half to replicate and confirm. Discussion First enrolment was in December 2008, and is ongoing. iSPOT-D evaluates clinical and biological predictors of treatment response in the largest known sample of MDD collected worldwide. Trial registration International Study to Predict Optimised Treatment - in Depression (iSPOT-D) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00693849 URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00693849?term=International+Study+to+Predict+Optimized+Treatment+for+Depression&rank=1
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Williams
- BRAINnet Foundation, 71 Stephenson Street, Suite 400, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA.
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Cha CB, Najmi S, Park JM, Finn CT, Nock MK. Attentional bias toward suicide-related stimuli predicts suicidal behavior. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 119:616-22. [PMID: 20677851 DOI: 10.1037/a0019710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A long-standing challenge for scientific and clinical work on suicidal behavior is that people often are motivated to deny or conceal suicidal thoughts. The authors proposed that people considering suicide would possess an objectively measurable attentional bias toward suicide-related stimuli and that this bias would predict future suicidal behavior. Participants were 124 adults presenting to a psychiatric emergency department who were administered a modified emotional Stroop task and followed for 6 months. Suicide attempters showed an attentional bias toward suicide-related words relative to neutral words, and this bias was strongest among those who had made a more recent attempt. Importantly, this suicide-specific attentional bias predicted which people made a suicide attempt over the next 6 months, above and beyond other clinical predictors. Attentional bias toward more general negatively valenced words did not predict any suicide-related outcomes, supporting the specificity of the observed effect. These results suggest that suicide-specific attentional bias can serve as a behavioral marker for suicidal risk, and ultimately improve scientific and clinical work on suicide-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine B Cha
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, 1280, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Yang W, Zhu X, Wang X, Wu D, Yao S. Time course of affective processing bias in major depression: An ERP study. Neurosci Lett 2010; 487:372-7. [PMID: 21036200 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the time course of the affective processing bias in major depressive disorder (MDD) in a visual three-stimulus semantic oddball task using event-related potentials (ERPs). MDD patients showed decreased P1 latency over right posterior regions to negative relative to positive target stimuli, reflecting a very early onset of the negativity bias in emotional perception. Compared to controls, MDD patients showed enlarged anterior P2 amplitude to positive target stimuli, reflecting an affective bias in the early attentional stages of processing. In addition, MDD patients showed relatively high N2 and reduced P3 amplitudes to negative compared with positive target stimuli, as well as marginally reduced N2 amplitude to positive target stimuli compared with controls. This suggests that the negativity bias also occurs during later strategic evaluation stages. Therefore, the present study extended previous findings by demonstrating that the affective processing bias in MDD begins in the early stages of perceptual processing and continues at later cognitive stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yang
- Medical Psychological Research Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Olvet DM, Klein DN, Hajcak G. Depression symptom severity and error-related brain activity. Psychiatry Res 2010; 179:30-7. [PMID: 20630603 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between depression and neural correlates of response monitoring using event-related potentials (ERPs). The error-related negativity (ERN) and correct response negativity (CRN) are ERPs that present as a negative deflection approximately 50 ms following an erroneous and correct response, respectively; the error positivity (Pe) is a positive deflection approximately 200 ms following an erroneous response. Some studies have reported an increased ERN in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), but others have failed to find such differences. Results on the Pe in MDD have also been mixed. In the current study, unmedicated individuals with MDD (N=22) and healthy controls (N=22) performed an arrow version of the flanker task. Although these groups did not differ on the ERN or CRN overall, depression severity related to the CRN and the differentiation between the ERN and CRN (DeltaERN) in the MDD group: more severe depression was associated with an increased CRN and a reduced DeltaERN. Additionally, the difference between the Pe on error and correct trials (DeltaPe) was reduced among individuals with MDD compared to healthy controls. These data suggest that individuals with severe depression have a reduced differentiation between error and correct trials on ERPs that index error monitoring and awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen M Olvet
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA.
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Kemp AH, Pe Benito L, Quintana DS, Clark CR, McFarlane A, Mayur P, Harris A, Boyce P, Williams LM. Impact of depression heterogeneity on attention: an auditory oddball event related potential study. J Affect Disord 2010; 123:202-7. [PMID: 19740547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is associated with a reduced ability to attend and concentrate, however, the extent to which attentional impairment is dependent on subtype remains to be clarified. METHODS Event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with a well-validated auditory oddball, selective attention task, were recorded to determine the impact of melancholia (n=57) versus non-melancholia (n=48) relative to controls (n=116). RESULTS The key findings were an exaggeration of the P200 to both non-target and target stimuli and a reduction in the P300 to targets in patients with melancholia, relative to patients with non-melancholia and controls. In addition, the N200/P300 complex was slowed in latency corresponding to the slowed behavioural responses to targets in melancholia. Stepwise regression analysis also revealed that depression severity, but not psychomotor slowing, contributed to increases in P200 amplitude. LIMITATIONS This study is cross-sectional and cannot determine whether the observed ERP changes are a state or trait marker, highlighting the need for a longitudinal study of ERP characteristics in different subgroups of depressed patients. CONCLUSIONS Results point to a difficulty in differentiating significant stimuli in the environment in the depressed individual. The combined disruption of early sensory processing (P200) and subsequent context processing (N200/P300 complex) may provide a potential mechanism for the attentional impairment that is frequently observed in depression, particularly in more severe depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Kemp
- The School of Psychology, Brennan MacCallum, Building (A18), University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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He W, Chai H, Zheng L, Yu W, Chen W, Li J, Chen W, Wang W. Mismatch negativity in treatment-resistant depression and borderline personality disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:366-71. [PMID: 20074609 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive dysfunctions, such as attentional impairment, are central features of both treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). The treatment failure of TRD due to its comorbidity with BPD is debated in the literature. The mismatch negativity (MMN) of the event-related potentials provides an objective marker of involuntary stimulus selective processing, which might help shed light on this issue and provide an avenue for investigating a possible endophenotypic marker for TRD. METHOD We investigated MMN in 22 patients with TRD, 19 with BPD, and 22 with TRD cormorbid with BPD (TRD+BPD), as well as in 32 healthy volunteers, by employing an acoustic frequency deviance paradigm. In addition, we measured the depressive mood using the Plutchik-van Praag (PVP) depression inventory. RESULTS There was no significant between-group difference for the N1 latencies/amplitudes, both to the standard and deviant stimuli, and no significant between-group difference for MMN latencies. However, MMN amplitudes were higher in the TRD group than those in the other three groups. PVP scores were highest in TRD+BPD, then TRD, BPD patients, and lowest in healthy subjects. The higher MMN was not correlated with PVP score, nor with the duration of life-long depression, which can be considered as a neurophysiological marker for TRD. CONCLUSION An atypical lack of inhibition on the irrelevant stimuli or increased cortical neuronal activity, especially frontal area, or both, might be responsible for the finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Goldberg DP, Krueger RF, Andrews G, Hobbs MJ. Emotional disorders: cluster 4 of the proposed meta-structure for DSM-V and ICD-11. Psychol Med 2009; 39:2043-2059. [PMID: 19796429 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291709990298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extant major psychiatric classifications DSM-IV, and ICD-10, are atheoretical and largely descriptive. Although this achieves good reliability, the validity of a medical diagnosis would be greatly enhanced by an understanding of risk factors and clinical manifestations. In an effort to group mental disorders on the basis of aetiology, five clusters have been proposed. This paper considers the validity of the fourth cluster, emotional disorders, within that proposal. METHOD We reviewed the literature in relation to 11 validating criteria proposed by a Study Group of the DSM-V Task Force, as applied to the cluster of emotional disorders. RESULTS An emotional cluster of disorders identified using the 11 validators is feasible. Negative affectivity is the defining feature of the emotional cluster. Although there are differences between disorders in the remaining validating criteria, there are similarities that support the feasibility of an emotional cluster. Strong intra-cluster co-morbidity may reflect the action of common risk factors and also shared higher-order symptom dimensions in these emotional disorders. CONCLUSION Emotional disorders meet many of the salient criteria proposed by the Study Group of the DSM-V Task Force to suggest a classification cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Goldberg
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.
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