1
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Kassim FM. Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits. Hum Psychopharmacol 2023; 38:e2856. [PMID: 36251504 PMCID: PMC10078276 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research aimed to systematically review the acute effects of amphetamine (AMP), a dopamine-releasing agent, on working memory (WM) and other cognitive performances. The investigation also aimed to review the impact of personality traits on the subjective and objective effects of AMP and possible links between personality traits and effects of AMP. METHODS Previous double-blind controlled studies assessing the main effects of AMP on WM and other cognitive performances in healthy volunteers were systematically reviewed. An electronic search was performed in the PUBMED and SCOPUS databases. Narrative reviews of the influence of personality traits on the subjective and objective effects of AMP were included. RESULTS Nineteen WM studies were included in the current review. Seven studies found effects of AMP on spatial WM, but only one study found the effect of AMP on verbal WM. Thirty-seven independent studies on other aspects of cognitive performance were identified. Twenty-two reported effects of AMP on cognitive functions. Studies also showed that personality traits are associated with the subjective effects of AMP. However, few studies reported the impacts of personality traits on the objective (such as WM) effects of AMP. CONCLUSION Overall, findings indicate that AMP has mixed-effects on spatial WM and other cognitive functions, but it lacks effects on verbal WM. Although there are insufficient studies on objective measures, studies also indicated that the subjective effects of AMP administration are linked to between-person variations in personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz M Kassim
- Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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2
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Li Y, Cai H, Li X, Qian Y, Zhang C, Zhu J, Yu Y. Functional connectivity of the central autonomic and default mode networks represent neural correlates and predictors of individual personality. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:2187-2200. [PMID: 36069656 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There is solid evidence for the prominent involvement of the central autonomic and default mode systems in shaping personality. However, whether functional connectivity of these systems can represent neural correlates and predictors of individual variation in personality traits is largely unknown. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 215 healthy young adults were used to construct the sympathetic (SN), parasympathetic (PN), and default mode (DMN) networks, with intra- and internetwork functional connectivity measured. Personality factors were assessed using the five-factor model. We examined the associations between personality factors and functional network connectivity, followed by performance of personality prediction based on functional connectivity using connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM), a recently developed machine learning approach. All personality factors (neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) other than openness were significantly correlated with intra- and internetwork functional connectivity of the SN, PN, and DMN. Moreover, the CPM models successfully predicted conscientiousness and agreeableness at the individual level using functional network connectivity. Our findings may expand existing knowledge regarding the neural substrates underlying personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yinfeng Qian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
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3
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Yang Y, Li J, Zhang J, Zhou K, Kao HSR, Bi H, Xu M. Personality traits modulate the neural responses to handwriting processing. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1516:222-233. [PMID: 35899373 PMCID: PMC9796404 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Handwriting is a vital skill for everyday human activities. It has a wealth of information about writers' characteristics and can hint toward underlying neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, autism, dyslexia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Many previous studies have reported a link between personality and individual differences in handwriting, but the evidence for the relationship tends to be anecdotal in nature. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined whether the association between personality traits and handwriting was instantiated at the neural level. Results showed that the personality trait of conscientiousness modulated brain activation in the left premotor cortex and right inferior/middle frontal gyrus, which may reflect the impact of personality on orthography-to-grapheme transformation and executive control involved in handwriting. Such correlations were not observed in symbol-drawing or word-reading tasks, suggesting the specificity of the link between conscientiousness and handwriting in these regions. Moreover, using a connectome-based predictive modeling approach, we found that individuals' conscientiousness scores could be predicted based on handwriting-related functional brain networks, suggesting that the influence of personality on handwriting may occur within a broader network. Our findings provide neural evidence for the link between personality and handwriting processing, extending our understanding of the nature of individual differences in handwriting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Center for Brain Science and Learning DifficultiesInstitute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Junjun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Center for Brain Science and Learning DifficultiesInstitute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of EducationCapital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ke Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of PsychologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Henry S. R. Kao
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Hong‐Yan Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Center for Brain Science and Learning DifficultiesInstitute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Min Xu
- Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
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4
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Xiu B, Andanty C, Dai N, Zai CC, Graff A, McNeely H, Daskalakis ZJ, De Luca V. Association Between the Visual N1-P2 Complex and Neuroticism. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022; 53:95-103. [PMID: 34515573 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211039937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism is a personality trait associated with impaired attention, memory, and error detection. Thus, the present study investigated the visual N100 and P200 event-related potentials components associated with attention using a 2-back working memory task in healthy neurotic and nonneurotic participants, evaluated using the Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Five Factor Inventory. A total of 35 healthy participants were asked to perform the 2-back task while recording electroencephalographic activity from 64 electrodes on the scalp. Analysis of the N100 and P200 amplitude and latency in high neuroticism and low neuroticism subjects showed an increased P200 amplitude and latency for high neuroticism subjects in the frontal and parietal regions, respectively. However, there were no significant performance differences between the high and low neuroticism subjects for the 2-back working memory task. Therefore, the results suggest that neuroticism is associated with the P200 component elicited in the context of a working memory task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xiu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher Andanty
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nasia Dai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Institute of Medical Science, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff
- Institute of Medical Science, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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5
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The relations between personality, components of executive functions, and intelligence in children and young adults. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 86:1904-1917. [PMID: 34932156 PMCID: PMC9363279 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-021-01623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in adults showed heterogeneous results regarding the associations of personality with intelligence and executive functions (EF). In children, there is a lack of studies investigating the relations between personality and EF. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the relations between the Big Five personality traits, EF, and intelligence in a sample of children (Experiment 1) and young adults (Experiment 2). A total of 155 children (Experiment 1, mean age = 9.54 years) and 91 young adults (Experiment 2, mean age = 23.49 years) participated in the two studies. In both studies, participants performed tasks measuring working memory (WM), inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and fluid intelligence and completed a personality questionnaire. In Experiment 1, we found a negative relation between neuroticism and intelligence. In Experiment 2, we found a positive relation between conscientiousness and intelligence and a positive relation between conscientiousness and cognitive flexibility. Our results suggest a complex interplay between personality factors, EF, and intelligence both in children as well as in young adults.
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6
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Higginson CI, Valenti M, Ibrahim K, Knarr BA, Ryan R, Higginson JS. Neuroticism and Extraversion Are Related to Changes in Postural Stability During Anatomically-Related Cognitive Tasks. J Mot Behav 2021; 54:401-409. [PMID: 34657579 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2021.1988504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between personality and postural stability has received little attention. This study addressed whether neuroticism and extraversion correlate with changes in postural stability while performing cognitive tasks related to brain regions selectively associated with neuroticism and extraversion. Thirty-two adults stood on a foam mat in tandem stance and completed a 2-back task and a weather prediction task (WPT). As predicted, higher neuroticism was related to increased dual task sway during the 2-back task, r = 0.40, p = 0.023, and lower extraversion was related to increased dual task sway during the WPT, r = -0.43, p = 0.013, suggesting that personality is related to postural stability in healthy young adults and that personality could be considered in the prediction and treatment of individuals with balance difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marisa Valenti
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karlie Ibrahim
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian A Knarr
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rob Ryan
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jill S Higginson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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7
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Zufferey V, Gunten AV, Kherif F. Interactions between Personality, Depression, Anxiety and Cognition to Understand Early Stage of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:782-791. [PMID: 32066361 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200211110545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The multifaceted nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can lead to wide inter-individual differences in disease manifestation in terms of brain pathology and cognition. The lack of understanding of phenotypic diversity in AD arises from a difficulty in understanding the integration of different levels of network organization (i.e. genes, neurons, synapses, anatomical regions, functions) and in inclusion of other information such as neuropsychiatric characteristics, personal history, information regarding general health or subjective cognitive complaints in a coherent model. Non-cognitive factors, such as personality traits and behavioral and psychiatric symptoms, can be informative markers of early disease stage. It is known that personality can affect cognition and behavioral symptoms. The aim of the paper is to review the different types of interactions existing between personality, depression/anxiety, and cognition and cognitive disorders at behavioral and brain/genetic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Zufferey
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie (LREN), Departement des Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Universite de Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Age Avance (SUPAA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Age Avance (SUPAA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ferath Kherif
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie (LREN), Departement des Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Universite de Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Van den Bergh O, Brosschot J, Critchley H, Thayer JF, Ottaviani C. Better Safe Than Sorry: A Common Signature of General Vulnerability for Psychopathology. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 16:225-246. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691620950690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several labels, such as neuroticism, negative emotionality, and dispositional negativity, indicate a broad dimension of psychopathology. However, largely separate, often disorder-specific research lines have developed that focus on different cognitive and affective characteristics that are associated with this dimension, such as perseverative cognition (worry, rumination), reduced autobiographical memory specificity, compromised fear learning, and enhanced somatic-symptom reporting. In this article, we present a theoretical perspective within a predictive-processing framework in which we trace these phenotypically different characteristics back to a common underlying “better-safe-than-sorry” processing strategy. This implies information processing that tends to be low in sensory-perceptual detail, which allows threat-related categorical priors to dominate conscious experience and for chronic uncertainty/surprise because of a stagnated error-reduction process. This common information-processing strategy has beneficial effects in the short term but important costs in the long term. From this perspective, we suggest that the phenomenally distinct cognitive and affective psychopathological characteristics mentioned above represent the same basic processing heuristic of the brain and are only different in relation to the particular type of information involved (e.g., in working memory, in autobiographical memory, in the external and internal world). Clinical implications of this view are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jos Brosschot
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University
| | - Hugo Critchley
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex
| | - Julian F. Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Cristina Ottaviani
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome
- Laboratorio di Neuroimmagini Funzionali, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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9
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Hoch MM, Doucet GE, Moser DA, Hee Lee W, Collins KA, Huryk KM, DeWilde KE, Fleysher L, Iosifescu DV, Murrough JW, Charney DS, Frangou S, Iacoviello BM. Initial Evidence for Brain Plasticity Following a Digital Therapeutic Intervention for Depression. CHRONIC STRESS 2020; 3:2470547019877880. [PMID: 32440602 PMCID: PMC7219906 DOI: 10.1177/2470547019877880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Digital therapeutics such as cognitive-emotional training have begun to show promise for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Available clinical trial data suggest that monotherapy with cognitive-emotional training using the Emotional Faces Memory Task is beneficial in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Emotional Faces Memory Task training for major depressive disorder is associated with changes in brain connectivity and whether changes in connectivity parameters are related to symptomatic improvement. Methods Fourteen major depressive disorder patients received Emotional Faces Memory Task training as monotherapy over a six-week period. Patients were scanned at baseline and posttreatment to identify changes in resting-state functional connectivity and effective connectivity during emotional working memory processing. Results Compared to baseline, patients showed posttreatment reduced connectivity within resting-state networks involved in self-referential and salience processing and greater integration across the functional connectome at rest. Moreover, we observed a posttreatment increase in the Emotional Faces Memory Task-induced modulation of connectivity between cortical control and limbic brain regions, which was associated with clinical improvement. Discussion These findings provide initial evidence that cognitive-emotional training may be associated with changes in short-term plasticity of brain networks implicated in major depressive disorder. Conclusion Our findings pave the way for the principled design of large clinical and neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Hoch
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gaelle E Doucet
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dominik A Moser
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine A Collins
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn M Huryk
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychology, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, USA
| | - Kaitlin E DeWilde
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lazar Fleysher
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - James W Murrough
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis S Charney
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian M Iacoviello
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Click Therapeutics, Inc., New York, NY, USA
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10
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Cai H, Zhu J, Yu Y. Robust prediction of individual personality from brain functional connectome. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 15:359-369. [PMID: 32248238 PMCID: PMC7235956 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have linked inter-individual variability in the brain to individualized personality traits. However, only one or several aspects of personality have been effectively predicted based on brain imaging features. The objective of this study was to construct a reliable prediction model of personality in a large sample by using connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM), a recently developed machine learning approach. High-quality resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 810 healthy young participants from the Human Connectome Project dataset were used to construct large-scale brain networks. Personality traits of the five-factor model (FFM) were assessed by the NEO Five Factor Inventory. We found that CPM successfully and reliably predicted all the FFM personality factors (agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness and neuroticism) other than extraversion in novel individuals. At the neural level, we found that the personality-associated functional networks mainly included brain regions within default mode, frontoparietal executive control, visual and cerebellar systems. Although different feature selection thresholds and parcellation strategies did not significantly influence the prediction results, some findings lost significance after controlling for confounds including age, gender, intelligence and head motion. Our finding of robust personality prediction from an individual's unique functional connectome may help advance the translation of 'brain connectivity fingerprinting' into real-world personality psychological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Cai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
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11
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Kopala-Sibley DC, Chartier GB, Bhanot S, Cole J, Chan PY, Berlim MT, McGirr A. [Not Available]. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2020; 65:264-272. [PMID: 31043062 PMCID: PMC7385423 DOI: 10.1177/0706743719839705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cost-efficient and non-invasive predictors of antidepressant response to
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are required. The
personality vulnerabilities—neuroticism and self-criticism—are associated
with antidepressant outcomes in other modalities; however, self-criticism
has not been examined in response to rTMS, and the literature on neuroticism
and rTMS is inconsistent. Methods: This naturalistic, 4-week study involved daily dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
(DLFPC) rTMS for major depression (15 unipolar, 2 bipolar). Participants
completed the Big Five Inventory (neuroticism) and the Depressive
Experiences Questionnaire (self-criticism) at baseline and at the end of
treatment. Changes in depressive symptoms, as rated by the clinician, were
quantified using the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Given the
inconsistencies in data regarding the stability of neuroticism in patients
receiving rTMS, we performed a systematic review and quantitative
meta-analysis of trials examining rTMS and neuroticism. Results: rTMS significantly improved depressive symptoms, and this was predicted by
higher levels of self-criticism but not neuroticism. Self-criticism was
stable over the 4 weeks of rTMS; however, neuroticism decreased, and this
was not related to decreases in depressive symptoms. Our quantitative
meta-analysis of 4 rTMS trials in major depression (n = 52
patients) revealed decreases in neuroticism, with a moderate effect
size. Limitations: Our results are limited by a small sample size, and the absence of a
sham-rTMS group. Our meta-analysis included only 4 trials. Conclusion: Highly self-critical patients appear to benefit more from rTMS than less
self-critical patients. Neuroticism, a conceptually similar but distinct
personality domain, does not appear to predict antidepressant response, yet
this vulnerability factor for depression decreases after rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Kopala-Sibley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary,
Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of
Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Shiv Bhanot
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary,
Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of
Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaeden Cole
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary,
Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter Y. Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British
Columbia, Canada
| | - Marcelo T. Berlim
- Neuromodulation Research Clinic, Douglas Institute, Montreal,
Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada
| | - Alexander McGirr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary,
Alberta, Canada
- Alexander McGirr, MD PhD FRCPC, University
of Calgary, TRW 4D68 | 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2 N 4Z6, Canada.
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12
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Passamonti L, Riccelli R, Indovina I, Duggento A, Terracciano A, Toschi N. Time-resolved connectome of the five-factor model of personality. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15066. [PMID: 31636295 PMCID: PMC6803687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is characterized by highly dynamic patterns of functional connectivity. However, it is unknown whether this time-variant 'connectome' is related to the individual differences in the behavioural and cognitive traits described in the five-factor model of personality. To answer this question, inter-network time-variant connectivity was computed in n = 818 healthy people via a dynamical conditional correlation model. Next, network dynamicity was quantified throughout an ad-hoc measure (T-index) and the generalizability of the multi-variate associations between personality traits and network dynamicity was assessed using a train/test split approach. Conscientiousness, reflecting enhanced cognitive and emotional control, was the sole trait linked to stationary connectivity across several circuits such as the default mode and prefronto-parietal network. The stationarity in the 'communication' across large-scale networks offers a mechanistic description of the capacity of conscientious people to 'protect' non-immediate goals against interference over-time. This study informs future research aiming at developing more realistic models of the brain dynamics mediating personality differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Passamonti
- Institute of Bioimaging & Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Milano, Italy. .,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - R Riccelli
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - I Indovina
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - A Duggento
- Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, University "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - A Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, USA
| | - N Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, University "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston & Harvard medical School, Boston, USA
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13
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Wang S, Zhao Y, Li J, Wang X, Luo K, Gong Q. Brain structure links trait conscientiousness to academic performance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12168. [PMID: 31434943 PMCID: PMC6704183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the long history of identifying factors to predict academic performance, conscientiousness, a so-called ‘big five’ personality trait describing self-regulation and goal-directed behavior, has emerged as a stable predictor for this purpose. However, the neuroanatomical substrates of trait conscientiousness and the underlying brain mechanism linking trait conscientiousness and academic performance are still largely unknown. Here, we examined these issues in 148 high school students within the same grade by estimating cortical gray matter volume (GMV) utilizing a voxel-based morphometry method based on structural magnetic resonance imaging. A whole-brain regression analysis showed that trait conscientiousness was positively associated with the GMV in the bilateral superior parietal lobe (SPL) and was negatively associated with the GMV in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that trait conscientiousness mediated the influences of the SPL and MFG volume on academic performance. Importantly, our results persisted even when we adjusted for general intelligence, family socioeconomic status and ‘big five’ personality traits other than conscientiousness. Altogether, our study suggests that the GMV in the frontoparietal network is a neurostructural marker of adolescents’ conscientiousness and reveals a potential brain-personality-achievement pathway for predicting academic performance in which gray matter structures affect academic performance through trait conscientiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- College of Education, Dali University, Dali, 671003, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, China. .,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2018RU011), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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14
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Saylik R, Szameitat AJ, Cheeta S. Neuroticism related differences in working memory tasks. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208248. [PMID: 30557302 PMCID: PMC6296742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two influential theories relating to personality traits, i.e. arousal-based theory (ABT) and attentional control theory (ACT), made predictions on how neuroticism may affect task performance. ABT suggested that high neurotics perform worse than low neurotics in all difficult tasks, whereas they perform similar in easy tasks. On the other hand, ACT suggested that high neurotics perform worse than low neurotics only if the task relies on central executive functions of working memory (WM), such as switching or inhibition. However, currently it is still unclear whether neuroticism affects all difficult tasks, as proposed by ABT, or whether it is specific to certain tasks, as proposed by ACT. To test this, we used the Cambridge Neuropsychological Tasks Automated Battery (CANTAB) as our test tool and we selected three working memory tasks which tested the effect of neuroticism on both the central executive system (CES) and the WM storage system (i.e. visuospatial sketchpad) in 21 low and 24 high neurotics. Results showed that high neurotics, as compared to low neurotics, exhibited lower performance only when the working memory task is specifically associated with switching and/or inhibition, but not in a task which is associated with the visuospatial sketchpad. We conclude that the results support the ACT rather than the ABT, because high levels of neuroticism impaired behavioural performance specifically in demanding tasks associated with switching and inhibition, but not in tasks associated with the visuospatial sketchpad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmi Saylik
- Medical Science Division, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience (CCN), Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Andre J. Szameitat
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience (CCN), Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Survjit Cheeta
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience (CCN), Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Conscientiousness is associated with improvement in visuospatial working memory and mood following acute physical exercise: A randomized controlled trial. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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An integrated brain-behavior model for working memory. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1974-1980. [PMID: 29203849 PMCID: PMC5988862 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is a central construct in cognitive neuroscience because it comprises mechanisms of active information maintenance and cognitive control that underpin most complex cognitive behavior. Individual variation in WM has been associated with multiple behavioral and health features including demographic characteristics, cognitive and physical traits and lifestyle choices. In this context, we used sparse canonical correlation analyses (sCCAs) to determine the covariation between brain imaging metrics of WM-network activation and connectivity and nonimaging measures relating to sensorimotor processing, affective and nonaffective cognition, mental health and personality, physical health and lifestyle choices derived from 823 healthy participants derived from the Human Connectome Project. We conducted sCCAs at two levels: a global level, testing the overall association between the entire imaging and behavioral-health data sets; and a modular level, testing associations between subsets of the two data sets. The behavioral-health and neuroimaging data sets showed significant interdependency. Variables with positive correlation to the neuroimaging variate represented higher physical endurance and fluid intelligence as well as better function in multiple higher-order cognitive domains. Negatively correlated variables represented indicators of suboptimal cardiovascular and metabolic control and lifestyle choices such as alcohol and nicotine use. These results underscore the importance of accounting for behavioral-health factors in neuroimaging studies of WM and provide a neuroscience-informed framework for personalized and public health interventions to promote and maintain the integrity of the WM network.
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17
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Wang MY, Zhang J, Lu FM, Xiang YT, Yuan Z. Neuroticism and conscientiousness respectively positively and negatively correlated with the network characteristic path length in dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex: A resting-state fNIRS study. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01074. [PMID: 30054989 PMCID: PMC6160652 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence shows that the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is implicated in personality traits. In this study, resting-state functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) combined with small-world analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between the network properties of dlPFC and personality traits. METHODS Thirty college students (aged between 20 and 29) were recruited from the University of Macau campus, whose personality scores were accessed with the NEO-FFT questionnaire. Graph theory combined with resting-state fNIRS data was used to quantify the network properties of dlPFC, whereas Pearson correlation analysis was performed to generate the relationship between the small-world indicators and personality scores. RESULTS Compared to matched random networks, the resting-state brain networks exhibited a larger clustering coefficient (Cp , 0.1-0.66), shorter characteristic path length (Lp , 0.1-0.66), and higher global (Eg , 0.1-0.66) and local efficiency (Eloc , 0.1-0.65). In particular, conscientiousness (r = -0.63) and neuroticism (r = 0.40) respectively showed negative and positive correlation with the Lp . CONCLUSIONS The resting-state functional brain networks in dlPFC exhibited the small-world properties. In addition, participants with higher conscientiousness scores showed a shorter Lp .
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yun Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Feng-Mei Lu
- Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
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18
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Abstract
A key objective of the emerging field of personality neuroscience is to link the great variety of the enduring dispositions of human behaviour with reliable markers of brain function. This can be achieved by analysing big data-sets with methods that model whole-brain connectivity patterns. To meet these expectations, we exploited a large repository of personality and neuroimaging measures made publicly available via the Human Connectome Project. Using connectomic analyses based on graph theory, we computed global and local indices of functional connectivity (e.g., nodal strength, efficiency, clustering, betweenness centrality) and related these metrics to the five-factor model (FFM) personality traits (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness). The maximal information coefficient was used to assess for linear and nonlinear statistical dependencies across the graph “nodes”, which were defined as distinct large-scale brain circuits identified via independent component analysis. Multivariate regression models and “train/test” approaches were used to examine the associations between FFM traits and connectomic indices as well as to assess the generalizability of the main findings, while accounting for age and sex variability. Conscientiousness was the sole FFM trait linked to measures of higher functional connectivity in the fronto-parietal and default mode networks. This offers a mechanistic explanation of the behavioural observation that conscientious people are reliable and efficient in goal-setting or planning. Our study provides new inputs to understanding the neurological basis of personality and contributes to the development of more realistic models of the brain dynamics that mediate personality differences.
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19
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Chapman BP, Benedict RHB, Lin F, Roy S, Porteinsson A, Szigeti K, Federoff H, Mapstone M. Apolipoprotein E genotype impact on memory and attention in older persons: the moderating role of personality phenotype. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:332-339. [PMID: 28612377 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if phenotypic personality traits modify the association of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes with different domains of cognitive function. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS 172 non-demented older adults were administered the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), a battery of neuropsychological tests assessing memory, attention, executive function, language, and visuospatial ability, and underwent APOE genotyping. Multivariate (multiple-dependent variable) regression models predicting cognitive domains tested APOE interactions with personality traits, adjusting for age, sex, and education. RESULTS The APOE ε4 allele showed small to modest main effects on memory and executive function (1/3 SD deficits for carriers, p < .05), with ε2 status evidencing minimal and non-significant benefit. Neuroticism interacted with both ε2 and ε4 alleles in associations with attention scores (p = .001), with ε2 benefits and ε4 deficits being marked at high Neuroticism (Mean [M] covariate-adjusted Z-score = .39 for ε2, -.47 for ε4). The association of ε4 with memory was moderated by Conscientiousness (p < .001), such that ε4 memory deficits were apparent at low Conscientiousness (M = -.56), but absent at high levels of Conscientiousness. Weaker patterns (p < .05) also suggested ε4-related detriments in executive function only at lower Conscientiousness, and ε2 memory benefits only at higher Openness. CONCLUSIONS Conscientiousness and Neuroticism moderate APOE associations with memory and executive function. As such, they may be useful phenotypic markers in refining the prognostic significance of this polymorphism. Effect-modifying personality traits also provide clues about behavioral and psychological factors that influence the cognitive impact of APOE. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Chapman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Ralph H B Benedict
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- School of Nursing and Departments of Psychiatry and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Shumita Roy
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Antoine Porteinsson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry.,Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Kinga Szigeti
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Howard Federoff
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of California
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20
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Riccelli R, Toschi N, Nigro S, Terracciano A, Passamonti L. Surface-based morphometry reveals the neuroanatomical basis of the five-factor model of personality. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:671-684. [PMID: 28122961 PMCID: PMC5390726 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The five-factor model (FFM) is a widely used taxonomy of human personality; yet its neuro anatomical basis remains unclear. This is partly because past associations between gray-matter volume and FFM were driven by different surface-based morphometry (SBM) indices (i.e. cortical thickness, surface area, cortical folding or any combination of them). To overcome this limitation, we used Free-Surfer to study how variability in SBM measures was related to the FFM in n = 507 participants from the Human Connectome Project. Neuroticism was associated with thicker cortex and smaller area and folding in prefrontal–temporal regions. Extraversion was linked to thicker pre-cuneus and smaller superior temporal cortex area. Openness was linked to thinner cortex and greater area and folding in prefrontal–parietal regions. Agreeableness was correlated to thinner prefrontal cortex and smaller fusiform gyrus area. Conscientiousness was associated with thicker cortex and smaller area and folding in prefrontal regions. These findings demonstrate that anatomical variability in prefrontal cortices is linked to individual differences in the socio-cognitive dispositions described by the FFM. Cortical thickness and surface area/folding were inversely related each others as a function of different FFM traits (neuroticism, extraversion and consciousness vs openness), which may reflect brain maturational effects that predispose or protect against psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Riccelli
- Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, University "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Salvatore Nigro
- Institute of Bioimaging & Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Luca Passamonti
- Institute of Bioimaging & Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Dickinson D, Pratt DN, Giangrande EJ, Grunnagle M, Orel J, Weinberger DR, Callicott JH, Berman KF. Attacking Heterogeneity in Schizophrenia by Deriving Clinical Subgroups From Widely Available Symptom Data. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:101-113. [PMID: 28369611 PMCID: PMC5768050 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has identified (1) a "deficit" subtype of schizophrenia characterized by enduring negative symptoms and diminished emotionality and (2) a "distress" subtype associated with high emotionality-including anxiety, depression, and stress sensitivity. Individuals in deficit and distress categories differ sharply in development, clinical course and behavior, and show distinct biological markers, perhaps signaling different etiologies. We tested whether deficit and distress subtypes would emerge from a simple but novel data-driven subgrouping analysis, based on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative and distress symptom dimensions, and whether subgrouping was informative regarding other facets of behavior and brain function. PANSS data, and other assessments, were available for 549 people with schizophrenia diagnoses. Negative and distress symptom composite scores were used as indicators in 2-step cluster analyses, which divided the sample into low symptom (n = 301), distress (n = 121), and deficit (n = 127) subgroups. Relative to the low-symptom group, the deficit and distress subgroups had comparably higher total PANSS symptoms (Ps < .001) and were similarly functionally impaired (eg, global functioning [GAF] Ps < .001), but showed markedly different patterns on symptom, cognitive and personality variables, among others. Initial analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from a 182-participant subset of the full sample also suggested distinct patterns of neural recruitment during working memory. The field seeks more neuroscience-based systems for classifying psychiatric conditions, but these are inescapably behavioral disorders. More effective parsing of clinical and behavioral traits could identify homogeneous target groups for further neural system and molecular studies, helping to integrate clinical and neuroscience approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight Dickinson
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,To whom correspondence should be addressed; 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 3c-115, Bethesda, MD 20814, US; tel: 301-451-2123, fax: 301-480-7795, e-mail:
| | - Danielle N Pratt
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Evan J Giangrande
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - MeiLin Grunnagle
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jennifer Orel
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joseph H Callicott
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karen F Berman
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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22
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High levels of neuroticism are associated with decreased cortical folding of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:579-584. [PMID: 28386766 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The personality trait neuroticism has been identified as a vulnerability factor for common psychiatric diseases and defining potential neuroanatomical markers for early recognition and prevention strategies is mandatory. Because both personality traits and cortical folding patterns are early imprinted and timely stable there is reason to hypothesize an association between neuroticism and cortical folding. Thus, to identify a putative linkage, we tested whether the degree of neuroticism is associated with local cortical folding in a sample of 109 healthy individuals using a surface-based MRI approach. Based on previous findings we additionally tested for a potential association with cortical thickness. We found a highly significant negative correlation between the degree of neuroticism and local cortical folding of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), i.e., high levels of neuroticism were associated with low cortical folding of the left DLPFC. No association was found with cortical thickness. The present study is the first to describe a linkage between the extent of local cortical folding and the individual degree of neuroticism in healthy subjects. Because neuroticism is a vulnerability factor for common psychiatric diseases such as depression our finding indicates that alterations of DLPFC might constitute a neurobiological marker elevating risk for psychiatric burden.
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23
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Ohi K, Shimada T, Yasuyama T, Kimura K, Uehara T, Kawasaki Y. Spatial and temporal expression patterns of genes around nine neuroticism-associated loci. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 77:164-171. [PMID: 28433457 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism is a high-order personality trait. Individuals with higher neuroticism have increased risks of various psychiatric disorders and physical health outcomes. Neuroticism is related to physiological differences in the brain. A recent genome-wide association study identified nine distinct genomic loci that contribute to neuroticism. Brain development and function depend on the precise regulation of gene expression, which is differentially regulated across brain regions and developmental stages. Using multiple publicly available human post-mortem databases, we investigated, in brain and non-brain tissues and across several developmental life stages, the spatial and temporal expression patterns of genes arising from nine neuroticism-associated loci. Functional gene-network analysis for neuroticism-associated genes was performed. The spatial expression analysis revealed that the nearest genes (GRIK3, SRP9, KLHL2, PTPRD, ELAVL2, CRHR1 and CELF4) from index single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the nine loci were intensively enriched in the brain compared with their representation in non-brain tissues (p<1.56×10-3). The nearest genes associated with the glutamate receptor activity network consisted mainly of GRIK3 (FDR q=4.25×10-2). The temporal expression analysis revealed that the neuroticism-associated genes were divided into three expression patterns: KLHL2, CELF4 and CRHR1 were preferentially expressed during postnatal stages; PTPRD, ELAVL2 and MFHAS1 were expressed during prenatal stages; and the other three genes were not expressed during specific life stages. These findings suggest that the glutamate network might be a target for investigating the neurobiological mechanisms underlying susceptibilities to higher neuroticism and several psychiatric disorders and that neuroticism is mediated by genes specifically expressed in the brain during several developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Takamitsu Shimada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yasuyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Kimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Uehara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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24
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Mitchell RL, Kumari V. Hans Eysenck's interface between the brain and personality: Modern evidence on the cognitive neuroscience of personality. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Neuroticism related differences in the functional neuroanatomical correlates of multitasking. An fMRI study. Neurosci Lett 2016; 635:51-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Bianchi R, Laurent E. Altered short-term plasticity within the working memory neural network: Is it neuroticism or is it depression? Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:1512-3. [PMID: 26800858 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present article, we discuss (1) the importance of assessing and statistically considering both clinical and subclinical forms of depression when examining the relationship between neuroticism and short-term plasticity within the working memory neural network, and (2) the hypothesis of an antagonism between neuroticism and conscientiousness in personality research. We suggest that (1) neuroticism and depression should be examined in a relational manner, and (2) neuroticism and conscientiousness should not be antagonized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Bianchi
- Institute of Work and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Laurent
- Laboratoire de Psychologie E.A. 3188, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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27
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Connectomic markers of disease expression, genetic risk and resilience in bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e706. [PMID: 26731443 PMCID: PMC5068872 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by emotional dysregulation and cognitive deficits associated with abnormal connectivity between subcortical-primarily emotional processing regions-and prefrontal regulatory areas. Given the significant contribution of genetic factors to BD, studies in unaffected first-degree relatives can identify neural mechanisms of genetic risk but also resilience, thus paving the way for preventive interventions. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) and random-effects Bayesian model selection were used to define and assess connectomic phenotypes linked to facial affect processing and working memory in a demographically matched sample of first-degree relatives carefully selected for resilience (n=25), euthymic patients with BD (n=41) and unrelated healthy controls (n=46). During facial affect processing, patients and relatives showed similarly increased frontolimbic connectivity; resilient relatives, however, evidenced additional adaptive hyperconnectivity within the ventral visual stream. During working memory processing, patients displayed widespread hypoconnectivity within the corresponding network. In contrast, working memory network connectivity in resilient relatives was comparable to that of controls. Our results indicate that frontolimbic dysfunction during affect processing could represent a marker of genetic risk to BD, and diffuse hypoconnectivity within the working memory network a marker of disease expression. The association of hyperconnectivity within the affect-processing network with resilience to BD suggests adaptive plasticity that allows for compensatory changes and encourages further investigation of this phenotype in genetic and early intervention studies.
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