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Trivic A, Milovanovic J, Kablar D, Tomic A, Folic M, Jotic A, Tomanovic N, Tomic AM, Djoric I, Jankovic M. Friend or Foe? Exploring the Role of Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Infection in Head and Neck Tumors. Biomedicines 2024; 12:872. [PMID: 38672226 PMCID: PMC11048144 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although not regarded as an oncogenic pathogen, the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been associated with a wide array of malignancies. Conversely, a number of studies report on possible anti-tumor properties of the virus, apparently mediated via HCMV-galvanized T-cell tumor killing; these were recently being investigated in clinical trials for the purposes of anti-cancer treatment by means of dendritic cell vaccines and HCMV-specific cytotoxic T cells. In the present study, we have analyzed the relation between a complement of head-and-neck tumors and HCMV infection across 73 countries worldwide using Spearman correlation, univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Intriguingly, HCMV was found to be pro-oncogenic in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma; contrarywise, the virus manifested an inverse (i.e., anti-tumor) association with the tumors of the lip/oral region and the salivary glands. Although this putative protective effect was noted initially for thyroid neoplasia and hypopharyngeal tumors as well, after multivariate regression analysis the connection did not hold. There was no association between laryngeal cancer and HCMV infection. It would appear that, depending on the tissue, HCMV may exert both protective and oncogenic effects. The globally observed protective feature of the virus could potentially be utilized in future therapeutic approaches for salivary tumors and neoplasia in the lip/oral region. As correlation does not necessarily imply causation, more in-depth molecular analyses from comprehensive clinical studies are warranted to substantiate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Trivic
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 2 Pasterova Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (A.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.M.T.); (I.D.)
| | - Jovica Milovanovic
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 2 Pasterova Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (A.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.M.T.); (I.D.)
| | - Djurdjina Kablar
- Department for Pathology, Pathohistology and Medical Cytology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ana Tomic
- Center for Radiology Imaging, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 2 Pasterova Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Miljan Folic
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 2 Pasterova Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (A.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.M.T.); (I.D.)
| | - Ana Jotic
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 2 Pasterova Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (A.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.M.T.); (I.D.)
| | - Nada Tomanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.M.T.); (I.D.)
- Institute of Pathology, 1 Dr. Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Marija Tomic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.M.T.); (I.D.)
- Institute of Pathology, 1 Dr. Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Djoric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.M.T.); (I.D.)
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Institute of Radiology, 4 Dr. Koste Todorovića Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Jankovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.M.T.); (I.D.)
- Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, 1 Dr. Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Jankovic M, Knezevic T, Tomic A, Milicevic O, Jovanovic T, Djunic I, Mihaljevic B, Knezevic A, Todorovic-Balint M. Human Cytomegalovirus Oncoprotection across Diverse Populations, Tumor Histologies, and Age Groups: The Relevance for Prospective Vaccinal Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3741. [PMID: 38612552 PMCID: PMC11012084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The oncogenicity of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is currently being widely debated. Most recently, mounting clinical evidence suggests an anti-cancer effect via CMV-induced T cell-mediated tumor destruction. However, the data were mostly obtained from single-center studies and in vitro experiments. Broad geographic coverage is required to offer a global perspective. Our study examined the correlation between country-specific CMV seroprevalence (across 73 countries) and the age-standardized incidence rate (of 34 invasive tumors). The populations studied were stratified according to decadal age periods as the immunologic effects of CMV seropositivity may depend upon age at initial infection. The International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization (IARC WHO) database was used. The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a worldwide inverse correlation between CMV seroprevalence and the incidences of 62.8% tumors. Notably, this inverse link persists for all cancers combined (Spearman's ρ = -0.732, p < 0.001; β = -0.482, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.737). An antithetical and significant correlation was also observed in particular age groups for the vast majority of tumors. Our results corroborate the conclusions of previous studies and indicate that this oncopreventive phenomenon holds true on a global scale. It applies to a wide spectrum of cancer histologies, additionally supporting the idea of a common underlying mechanism-CMV-stimulated T cell tumor targeting. Although these results further advance the notion of CMV-based therapies, in-depth investigation of host-virus interactions is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Jankovic
- Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, 1 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
| | - Tara Knezevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
| | - Ana Tomic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
| | - Ognjen Milicevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, 15 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Institute for Biocides and Medical Ecology, 16 Trebevicka Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Irena Djunic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
- Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 2 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Mihaljevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
- Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 2 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Knezevic
- Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, 1 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
| | - Milena Todorovic-Balint
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (A.T.); (O.M.); (I.D.); (B.M.); (M.T.-B.)
- Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 2 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Toscano ML, Keidar EA, Kwartowitz GS. Recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal septum with associated bony remodeling: A case report. OTOLARYNGOLOGY CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xocr.2022.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Daniell H, Nair SK, Esmaeili N, Wakade G, Shahid N, Ganesan PK, Islam MR, Shepley-McTaggart A, Feng S, Gary EN, Ali AR, Nuth M, Cruz SN, Graham-Wooten J, Streatfield SJ, Montoya-Lopez R, Kaznica P, Mawson M, Green BJ, Ricciardi R, Milone M, Harty RN, Wang P, Weiner DB, Margulies KB, Collman RG. Debulking SARS-CoV-2 in saliva using angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in chewing gum to decrease oral virus transmission and infection. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1966-1978. [PMID: 34774754 PMCID: PMC8580552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To advance a novel concept of debulking virus in the oral cavity, the primary site of viral replication, virus-trapping proteins CTB-ACE2 were expressed in chloroplasts and clinical-grade plant material was developed to meet FDA requirements. Chewing gum (2 g) containing plant cells expressed CTB-ACE2 up to 17.2 mg ACE2/g dry weight (11.7% leaf protein), have physical characteristics and taste/flavor like conventional gums, and no protein was lost during gum compression. CTB-ACE2 gum efficiently (>95%) inhibited entry of lentivirus spike or VSV-spike pseudovirus into Vero/CHO cells when quantified by luciferase or red fluorescence. Incubation of CTB-ACE2 microparticles reduced SARS-CoV-2 virus count in COVID-19 swab/saliva samples by >95% when evaluated by microbubbles (femtomolar concentration) or qPCR, demonstrating both virus trapping and blocking of cellular entry. COVID-19 saliva samples showed low or undetectable ACE2 activity when compared with healthy individuals (2,582 versus 50,126 ΔRFU; 27 versus 225 enzyme units), confirming greater susceptibility of infected patients for viral entry. CTB-ACE2 activity was completely inhibited by pre-incubation with SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain, offering an explanation for reduced saliva ACE2 activity among COVID-19 patients. Chewing gum with virus-trapping proteins offers a general affordable strategy to protect patients from most oral virus re-infections through debulking or minimizing transmission to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Smruti K Nair
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nardana Esmaeili
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Geetanjali Wakade
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Naila Shahid
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Prem Kumar Ganesan
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Md Reyazul Islam
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ariel Shepley-McTaggart
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sheng Feng
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ebony N Gary
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ali R Ali
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manunya Nuth
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Selene Nunez Cruz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jevon Graham-Wooten
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Paul Kaznica
- Fraunhofer USA, Center Mid-Atlantic, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | | | - Brian J Green
- Fraunhofer USA, Center Mid-Atlantic, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Robert Ricciardi
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Milone
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ronald N Harty
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ronald G Collman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Matuck BF, Dolhnikoff M, Duarte-Neto AN, Maia G, Gomes SC, Sendyk DI, Zarpellon A, de Andrade NP, Monteiro RA, Pinho JRR, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Souza SC, Kanamura C, Mauad T, Saldiva PHN, Braz-Silva PH, Caldini EG, da Silva LFF. Salivary glands are a target for SARS-CoV-2: a source for saliva contamination. J Pathol 2021; 254:239-243. [PMID: 33834497 PMCID: PMC8250228 DOI: 10.1002/path.5679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 to spread and contaminate is one of the determinants of the COVID-19 pandemic status. SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in saliva consistently, with similar sensitivity to that observed in nasopharyngeal swabs. We conducted ultrasound-guided postmortem biopsies in COVID-19 fatal cases. Samples of salivary glands (SGs; parotid, submandibular, and minor) were obtained. We analyzed samples using RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and histopathological analysis to identify SARS-CoV-2 and elucidate qualitative and quantitative viral profiles in salivary glands. The study included 13 female and 11 male patients, with a mean age of 53.12 years (range 8-83 years). RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 was positive in 30 SG samples from 18 patients (60% of total SG samples and 75% of all cases). Ultrastructural analyses showed spherical 70-100 nm viral particles, consistent in size and shape with the Coronaviridae family, in the ductal lining cell cytoplasm, acinar cells, and ductal lumen of SGs. There was also degeneration of organelles in infected cells and the presence of a cluster of nucleocapsids, which suggests viral replication in SG cells. Qualitative histopathological analysis showed morphologic alterations in the duct lining epithelium characterized by cytoplasmic and nuclear vacuolization, as well as nuclear pleomorphism. Acinar cells showed degenerative changes of the zymogen granules and enlarged nuclei. Ductal epithelium and serous acinar cells showed intense expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS receptors. An anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was positive in 8 (53%) of the 15 tested cases in duct lining epithelial cells and acinar cells of major SGs. Only two minor salivary glands were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by immunohistochemistry. Salivary glands are a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 and provide a pathophysiological background for studies that indicate the use of saliva as a diagnostic method for COVID-19 and highlight this biological fluid's role in spreading the disease. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amaro Nunes Duarte-Neto
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Adolfo Lutz Institute, Division of Pathology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilvan Maia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Costa Gomes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Isaac Sendyk
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Zarpellon
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Paiva de Andrade
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Suzana Com Souza
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Mauad
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo H Braz-Silva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elia Garcia Caldini
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Ferraz da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,São Paulo Autopsy Service, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chen AA, Gheit T, Stellin M, Lupato V, Spinato G, Fuson R, Menegaldo A, Mckay-Chopin S, Dal Cin E, Tirelli G, Da Mosto MC, Tommasino M, Boscolo-Rizzo P. Oncogenic DNA viruses found in salivary gland tumors. Oral Oncol 2017; 75:106-110. [PMID: 29224806 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous investigations studying the association of DNA viruses with salivary gland tumors (SGTs) have led to conflicting results. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of different DNA viruses by using a highly sensitive assay in a multi-center series of over 100 fresh frozen salivary gland samples. METHODS DNA was isolated from 84 SGTs (80 parotid tumors and 4 submandibular gland tumors) and 28 normal salivary tissue samples from 85 patients in Northeast Italy. Using a highly sensitive type-specific multiplex genotyping assay, we analyzed the samples for the presence of DNA from 62 different viruses including 47 papillomaviruses, 10 polyomaviruses, and 5 herpesviruses. RESULTS We observed a high prevalence of beta human papillomavirus DNA in malignant tumors. In contrast, polyomavirus DNA was present in benign, malignant, and non-tumor control samples. Most striking was the significant distribution of herpesvirus DNA in the SGT samples, in particular the high prevalence of Epstein-Barr type 1 and type 2 DNA in Warthin's tumor samples. CONCLUSION Our data provides evidence for the presence of DNA viruses in SGTs. Mechanistic studies are needed to further attribute tumor formation to these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce A Chen
- Section of Infections, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Section of Infections, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marco Stellin
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Valentina Lupato
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Azienda Ospedaliera "S. Maria degli Angeli", Pordenone, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Fuson
- ENT Department, Ospedale dell'Angelo, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Anna Menegaldo
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Dal Cin
- Head and Neck Department, ENT Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- Head and Neck Department, ENT Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Da Mosto
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Section of Infections, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences, ENT Clinic and Regional Center for Head and Neck Cancer, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy.
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Gupta P, Haldar D, Naru J, Dey P, Aggarwal AN, Minz RW, Aggarwal R. Prevalence of human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus in fine needle aspirates from lung carcinoma: A case-control study with review of literature. Diagn Cytopathol 2016; 44:987-993. [PMID: 27774746 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenic viruses have recently been allied with lung carcinoma, however, the causal association has not been established till date. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of high-risk Human papillomavirus (HPV; subtypes 16, 18, 31, 33 and 45), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in lung carcinoma using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on fine needle aspirates. METHODS Fine needle aspirates of patients with lung carcinoma were included as cases. The control samples included normal lung tissue, collected at the time of medico legal autopsies. DNA was extracted from samples of both cases and controls and analysed by PCR for the presence of HPV, EBV and CMV. RESULTS A total of 5/73 (6.8%) cases demonstrated the presence of HPV. Of these, 3 were positive for HPV-16 and one each for HPV-18 and HPV-45. A significant association of HPV with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (P = 0.01) was observed. Two cases were positive for EBV; however, the difference was not statistically significant for EBV (P = 0.5) as well as CMV. None of the controls were positive for HPV, EBV or CMV. CONCLUSION We conclude that fine needle aspirates can serve as reliable sample for PCR based detection of viruses. A significantly higher prevalence of HPV in lung cancer and a significant association with SCC was observed, thereby, indicating a positive link between HPV and etiopathogenesis of lung carcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:987-993. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parikshaa Gupta
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dipanjan Haldar
- Department of Cytology and Gynaecologic Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jasmine Naru
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pranab Dey
- Department of Cytology and Gynaecologic Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashutosh Nath Aggarwal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjana Walker Minz
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritu Aggarwal
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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8
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Jayaraj G, Sherlin HJ, Ramani P, Premkumar P, Anuja N. Cytomegalovirus and Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: A possible causal relationship? A pilot study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016; 19:319-24. [PMID: 26980959 PMCID: PMC4774284 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.174618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has tropism for salivary gland ductal epithelium and establishes a persistent and lifelong infection. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common salivary gland tumor. Recent studies have established that mouse CMV-induced tumorigenesis displays histologic and molecular characteristics similar to human MEC. We wished to explore further down the lane by analyzing the expression of pp65 and the key oncogenic signaling pathway in cases of MEC and their etiological relevance in the Indian scenario as a pilot study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Histopathologically confirmed cases of MEC (n = 4) and normal salivary gland tissue (n = 4) were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using the markers pp65 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). RESULTS The pp65 antigen expression was found to be negative in all the studied cases and one case of high-grade MEC showed EGFR expression. CONCLUSION The purpose of the study was to explore the role of CMV in the development of MEC, as it might help to exploit this etiological agent as a therapeutic target. Similar to human papillomavirus (HPV), these might identify a subset of neoplasms with a varied biological behavior and alternative therapies. However, this vision is obscured by contradicting evidence in the literature. As of today, surgery remains the only best possible management for these patients unless proven otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gifrina Jayaraj
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Herald J Sherlin
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priya Premkumar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Anuja
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Orabona GDA, Abbate V, Piombino P, Romano A, Schonauer F, Iaconetta G, Salzano G, Farina F, Califano L. Warthin's tumour: Aetiopathogenesis dilemma, ten years of our experience. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014; 43:427-31. [PMID: 25814196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the volume of studies written after the initial report by Hildebrand (1895) on Warthin's tumour (WT), its aetiopathogenesis continues to be an unresolved and controversial question. Many different genetic and/or environmental aetiological factors seem to act on heterotopic ductal inclusions and may give rise to WT following an unknown tumorigenic event. Recent studies discussed the importance of immunological reactions during the formation of the tumour. A hypersensitive/allergic reaction may play a role in epithelial proliferation and may stimulate the reactivity of the germinal centres in the lymphoid stroma as showed at histological examination. The aim of this study was to inform readers of the current understanding of possible risk factors with a suggested aetiological role in Warthin's tumorigenesis. From 2001 to 2011, a total of 342 patients with benign salivary neoplasm were admitted in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the University of Naples "Federico II". A histological diagnosis of WT was made in 115 of the patients (33.6%); these were retrospectively investigated in our study. Correlation between the onset of WT and positivity for autoimmune diseases and smoking habits was calculated. The incidence rate of autoimmune thyroiditis in our series (9.5%) was significantly greater than that of the general population (0.58%) (p < 0.001). Analysis of our series and review of the literature support the hypothesis that this tumour is the result of an autoimmune reaction. Further studies and larger series are required to confirm this hypothesis and investigate the role of other aetiological factors in WT genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Piombino
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Romano
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Schonauer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Salzano
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Farina
- Department of Economy and Business, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Luigi Califano
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Wang Y, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Fan L, Zhu J, Xu X, Huang G, Li X, Xun W. PRDM1 expression on the epithelial component but not on ectopic lymphoid tissues of Warthin tumour. Oral Dis 2014; 21:432-6. [PMID: 25280345 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the role of PRDM1, a key molecule for modulating the immune cells, in Warthin tumour (WT) pathogenesis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty paraffin-embedded parotid tissues of patients (mean age: 62.08 ± 11.90) with WT were retrieved from the pathology archives of Qindu Hospital from January 2012 to December 2012. The PRDM1 expression was investigated in a cohort of WT by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PRDM1 was expressed only on the epithelial component but not on ectopic lymphoid tissue of the tumour. Statistically, PRDM1 expression rates between WT glandular epithelial cells (40/40 cases) and the tumour-adjacent tissues (0/9 cases), and WT germinal centres (0/34 cases) and tonsil tissues (10/10 cases) were significantly different (P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The PRDM1 expression appeared to play an essential role in WT pathogenesis. A better understanding of it might give options for revealing possible novel management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Teymoortash A, Bohne F, Jonsdottir T, Hoch S, Eivazi B, Roessler M, Werner JA, Mandic R. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is not implicated in the etiology of Warthin's tumor of the parotid gland. Acta Otolaryngol 2013; 133:972-6. [PMID: 23944949 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2013.797603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION The lack of human papilloma virus (HPV) sequences as well as potential HPV-activated cells such as cells that would be p16- and Ki-67 positive does not support a role of HPV in the pathogenesis of this lesion. OBJECTIVE The exact etiopathogenesis of Warthin's tumor of the parotid gland is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if HPV could play a role in the development of this parotid lesion. METHODS Tissue samples from 40 Warthin's tumors of the parotid gland were investigated by PCR followed by in situ hybridization. The immunohistochemical expression of p16 and the dual immunostaining of p16 and Ki-67 were evaluated in all samples. RESULTS Strong and diffuse p16 immunoreactivity was found in 7 of the 40 cases (17.5%). In situ hybridization showed a diffuse episomal signal in those samples. However, PCR could not reliably detect the presence of HPV genes. Furthermore, p16-expressing epithelial cells were mostly negative for the proliferation marker Ki-67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Teymoortash
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Philipp University, Marburg, Germany.
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Chan WH, Lee KW, Chiang FY, Ho KY, Chai CY, Kuo WR. Features of Parotid Gland Diseases and Surgical Results in Southern Taiwan. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2010; 26:483-92. [DOI: 10.1016/s1607-551x(10)70076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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13
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The pathogenic role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in sclerosing polycystic adenosis. Pathol Res Pract 2010; 206:565-71. [PMID: 20400234 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Revised: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) is a pathology of the salivary gland which occurs infrequently and has a controversial etiology. In this study, we investigated the possible roles of HPV and EBV in the pathogenesis of SPA. Archived cases of salivary gland lesions were retrieved, and their diagnoses were re-evaluated; cases that fit the diagnosis of SPA were selected and subjected to Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff's histochemical staining and immunohistochemical staining for HPV-1, EBV, S-100, and Bcl-2 proteins in addition to the proliferative marker Ki-67. In addition, RNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues was subjected to RT-PCR to confirm any positive immunohistochemical results. Co-localization of EBV and Bcl-2 in lesional cells was the most striking finding; Ki-67 was expressed in basal cells, while no expression was seen in the adjacent salivary gland cells. Our EBV (+) ve immunostaining results were confirmed by RT-PCR using RNA extracted from paraffin sections. Our results suggest a significant pathogenic role of EBV in SPA. Moreover, they provide new evidence on the neoplastic nature of SPA.
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Laco J, Celakovsky P, Kalfert D, Hornychova H, Rybnikar T, Ryska A. Tumor-to-tumor metastasis: Warthin tumor as a recipient of lung carcinoma and of renal carcinoma - Report of two cases. Pathol Res Pract 2009; 206:458-62. [PMID: 19625134 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2009.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is an exceedingly rare event with only about 100 cases reported in the English written literature. We report two cases of a 65-year-old man with duplicity of colonic and lung adenocarcinomas who presented with swelling of the left parotid gland, and of a 75-year-old man who presented with swelling of the right parotid gland. Microscopical and immunohistochemical examination showed metastasis of lung carcinoma and of renal carcinoma, respectively, to Warthin tumor as the first clinical manifestation of the malignancy in the latter case. To the best of our knowledge, such a phenomenon has not been reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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High prevalence of Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8) in patients with Warthin's tumors of the salivary gland. J Clin Virol 2008; 42:182-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pérez Escuredo J, Luis Llorente J, Melón S, de Oña M, García Martínez J, Álvarez Marcos C, Hermsen M. Las infecciones por virus herpes simplex, Epstein-Barr, varicela zoster, papiloma humano, citomegalovirus o adenovirus no tienen relación con los adenocarcinomas nasosinusales. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6519(07)74934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Viral Infection of Herpes simplex, Epstein-Barr, Varicela Zoster, Human Papilloma, Cytomegalovirus, or Adenovirus Are Not Related to Sinonasal Adenocarcinomas. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s2173-5735(07)70356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a B-lymphotropic gamma-herpesvirus, causes infectious mononucleosis and oral hairy leukoplakia, and is associated with various types of lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. Saliva is the main vehicle for EBV transmission from individual to individual. Recent studies have also implicated EBV in the pathogenesis of advanced types of periodontal disease. EBV DNA is detected in 60-80% of aggressive periodontitis lesions and in 15-20% of gingivitis lesions or normal periodontal sites. The periodontal presence of EBV is associated with an elevated occurrence of periodontopathic anaerobic bacteria. Moreover, EBV active infection occurs in approximately 70% of symptomatic and large-size periapical lesions. EBV and cytomegalovirus often co-exist in marginal and apical periodontitis. Periodontal therapy can markedly suppress the EBV load in periodontal pockets as well as in saliva, which has the potential to reduce the risk of viral transmission between close individuals. EBV proteins up-regulate cytokines and growth factors, which seem to play a central role in the proliferative response of tongue epithelial cells in oral hairy leukoplakia and in the cell-transformation process of EBV-associated malignancies. Further research is needed to identify the full range of EBV-related diseases in the human oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Slots
- University of Southern California, School of Dentistry - MC 0641, Los Angeles, California 90089-0641, USA.
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Malinvaud D, Couloigner V, Badoual C, Halimi P, Bonfils P. Pleomorphic adenoma of the nasal septum and its relationship with Epstein-Barr virus. Auris Nasus Larynx 2006; 33:417-21. [PMID: 16895748 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Revised: 04/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of the major salivary glands, especially of the parotid gland. It is much less common in the minor salivary glands of the oral cavity, and it rarely occurs in others sites in the head and neck. Even if virus involvement in salivary glands tumor has been many times discuted, the etiology of this tumor keeps being unknown. As compared to other nasal tumors, we tried to prove if Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) could be involved in the development of pleomorphic adenoma in this particular nasal localization. METHODS Three cases of pleomorphic adenomas of the nasal septum (two women and a man in age of 23-59 years) were retrospectively studied. All had positive rate of EBV-related blood antibodies. All the patients had undergone endoscopic surgery to remove the complete tumor. We used hybridation technique in the search for EBV-DNA in the three tumors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We had positive EBV-DNA detection in the tumor in one case, which seemed to prove relationship between pleomorphic adenoma and this virus. The literature concerning the subject is reviewed in order to explain EBV involvement in the development of such tumors in this particular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Malinvaud
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Faculté Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris V, 20 Rue Leblanc, Paris, France.
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Teymoortash A, Werner JA. Tissue that has lost its track: Warthin's tumour. Virchows Arch 2005; 446:585-8. [PMID: 15912361 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-005-1276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The origin of cystadenolymphoma (Warthin's tumour) of the parotid gland is unknown. According to the most favoured hypothesis, Warthin's tumour results from the proliferation of salivary gland ductal cells that were entrapped in parotid lymph nodes during embryonal life. If this is correct, and the almost total lack of recurrence and malignant transformation of this lesion lends credence to this view, Warthin's tumour is correctly classified in the group of tumour-like lesions and should not be considered to be a monomorphic adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Teymoortash
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Philipps University, Deutschhausstr. 3, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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Wang CP, Chang YL, Ko JY, Lou PJ, Yeh CF, Sheen TS. Lymphoepithelial carcinoma versus large cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the major salivary glands. Cancer 2004; 101:2020-7. [PMID: 15389474 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undifferentiated carcinomas of the major salivary glands are rare malignant neoplasms of the head and neck region, and patients with these lesions have a poor prognosis. Patients with lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC), a specific subtype of undifferentiated carcinoma, however, have a better prognosis, and LEC seems to differ from large cell undifferentiated carcinoma (LCUC) clinically. METHODS Sixteen patients with LEC and 12 patients with LCUC were retrieved from the records of 295 patients who had malignancies of the major salivary glands. A retrospective study on clinical manifestations, treatments, long-term outcomes, and an association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by EBV-encoded small RNA-1 in situ hybridization was conducted to identify their differences. RESULTS The median patient age was 44.5 years in the LEC group and 56 years in the LCUC group. At the time of presentation, patients with LCUC had a history of rapid-growing tumor and more advanced locoregional disease (Stage IV in 75% of patients with LCUC compared with 13% of patients with LEC). All 16 patients with LEC underwent curative surgery and radiotherapy, and their 5-year survival rate was 85.6%. In the LCUC group, only 7 patients were eligible to undergo radical surgery and receive radiotherapy, and their 2-year survival rate was only 36%. Age > 50 years was associated with a significantly worse prognosis for patients with LCUC. Neck metastasis and tumor size > 6 cm tended to be poor prognostic factors. Tumors were positive for harboring the EBV genome in all 16 LEC samples but in none of the LCUC samples. CONCLUSIONS The clinicopathologic features of LEC and LCUC of the major salivary glands were different. LEC was associated with EBV, and patients with LEC had a much better prognosis compared with the prognosis for patients with LCUC. Therefore, LEC should be put in an independent group and should not be included in the same category as undifferentiated carcinomas of the salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ping Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kainuma K, Katsuno S, Hashimoto S, Suzuki N, Oguchi T, Asamura K, Nakajima K, Usami SI. Identification of differentially expressed genes in salivary gland tumors with cDNA microarray. Auris Nasus Larynx 2004; 31:261-8. [PMID: 15364361 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2004.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2003] [Accepted: 03/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The final goal of this study is to develop a pre-operative fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) diagnostic system based on gene expression profiles. As the first step to that end, the present study was performed to determine whether the cDNA microarray system is applicable for histological evaluation of parotid gland tumors. METHODS We investigated molecular characteristics on the basis of gene expression patterns of the two most common types of salivary gland tumors (pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors) and normal salivary gland tissues, using the cDNA microarray system. RESULTS Pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors can be classified by cDNA microarray. In pleomorphic adenomas, 11 independent genes were found to be up-regulated and 2 genes were down-regulated. In Warthin tumors, five independent genes were found to be up-regulated, and six genes were down-regulated. In hierarchical clustering analysis, cases were further grouped into two clusters according to the histological type. Furthermore, cDNA microarray enabled pleomorphic adenomas to be subclassified into three clusters according to the histological subtypes. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that cDNA microarray may be useful and applicable for the pre-operative diagnosis (such as FNA) of the salivary gland tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Kainuma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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Yen TL, Murr AH, Rabin J, Mhatre AN, Lalwani AK. Role of cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpes virus-8 in benign lymphoepithelial cysts of the parotid gland. Laryngoscope 2004; 114:1500-5. [PMID: 15280734 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200408000-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide background and evaluate the role of herpesviruses in benign lymphoepithelial cysts (BLC) of the parotid gland. STUDY DESIGN Case series derived from review of pathology specimens. METHODS Radiolabeled polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to detect for the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) DNA sequences in 14 paraffin embedded specimens and 1 freshly aspirated BLC specimen. Thirteen normal parotid tissue specimens obtained from paraffin embedded blocks were used as a control group. RESULTS CMV was detected with nearly equal frequency between the two groups (23% of normal vs. 20% in BLC). HHV-8 was found in 13% of the BLC group and in none of the normal group (P =.4841). There was significant difference in EBV detection between the normal (0%) and the BLC (33%) groups (P =.0437). CONCLUSION CMV and HHV-8 does not appear to be associated with BLCs. Although EBV is found more frequently in BLC than in normal parotid controls, further studies are needed to elucidate the role of this virus in BLC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Yen
- Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0342, USA
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López Llames A, Llorente Pendás JL, Melón S, García Pedrero JM, García Carracedo D, Suárez Nieto C. Detección del virus herpes simplex y del virus de epstein-barr en los carcinomas de células escamosas de vías aerodigestivas superiores. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2003; 54:506-11. [PMID: 14671923 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6519(03)78442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have investigated the role of viruses in tumor origin of head and neck cancer. Despite this, mechanis of viral carcinogenesis remain unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in malignant laryngeal and oropharyngeal lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fresh frozen specimens of 28 laryngeal and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas were studied. The presence or absence of HSV and EBV was determined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. RESULTS None of the samples showed evidence for EBV DNA. One tonsilar carcinoma case (3.5%) was positive for HSV DNA detection. CONCLUSIONS These results do not support HSV and EBV as etiological factors in head and neck cancer.
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