1
|
Firoozichahak A, Rahimnejad S, Rahmani A, Parvizimehr A, Aghaei A, Rahimpoor R. Effect of Occupational exposure to Lead on Serum Levels of Lipid Profile and Liver Enzymes: An Occupational Cohort Study. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:269-275. [PMID: 35256998 PMCID: PMC8897690 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to know the effects of chronic lead exposure on serum lipids, lipoproteins, and liver enzymes in a cohort study among of lead mine workers. We followed of 200 Iranian workers for 3- years (2018–2020), 100 of them with known occupational exposure to lead thorough their work in lead mine while the others 100 were with no such exposure. Blood lead level (BLL), serum lipids, lipoproteins, and liver enzymes of the exposure group for 3- years were measured and compared with those attained in the non-exposed workers. The BLL levels of the lead-mine workers were higher than with recommended level and the non-exposed group (24.15 and 6.35 µg/dL, respectively). The findings indicated a positive and significant relationship between BLL and lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, and bilirubin levels (P < 0.01). Also while we found a negative and significant correlation between BLL and triglyceride, total protein, albumin, and globulin levels (P < 0.01). This report depicted that chronic lead exposure is a risk factor for hematological, liver, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the fact that the level of liver function parameters was in the normal range, the results of 3- years follow-up show a significant relationship between BLL and alteration of biochemical parameters levels. Occupational exposure to lead can cause alter liver enzymes. LDH, AST, ALK, ALT, and bilirubin are increased due to chronic exposure to lead. Compare with non- exposure group, exposure group had a lower level of TG. Total protein, albumin, and globulin are decreased due to chronic exposure to lead. Occupational exposure to lead had no significant effect on BUN levels.
Collapse
|
2
|
Dongiovanni P, Meroni M, Longo M, Fargion S, Fracanzani AL. Genetics, Immunity and Nutrition Boost the Switching from NASH to HCC. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1524. [PMID: 34829753 PMCID: PMC8614742 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading contributor to the global burden of chronic liver diseases. The phenotypic umbrella of NAFLD spans from simple and reversible steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may worsen into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Notwithstanding, HCC may develop also in the absence of advanced fibrosis, causing a delayed time in diagnosis as a consequence of the lack of HCC screening in these patients. The precise event cascade that may precipitate NASH into HCC is intricate and it entails diverse triggers, encompassing exaggerated immune response, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress, organelle derangement and DNA aberrancies. All these events may be accelerated by both genetic and environmental factors. On one side, common and rare inherited variations that affect hepatic lipid remodeling, immune microenvironment and cell survival may boost the switching from steatohepatitis to liver cancer, on the other, diet-induced dysbiosis as well as nutritional and behavioral habits may furtherly precipitate tumor onset. Therefore, dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed to restore patients' health contribute to counteract NASH progression towards HCC. Even more, the combination of therapeutic strategies with dietary advice may maximize benefits, with the pursuit to improve liver function and prolong survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gow P, Spelman T, Gardner S, Hellard M, Howell J. Estimates of the global reduction in liver disease-related mortality with increased coffee consumption: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Dataset. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 52:1195-1203. [PMID: 32794601 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data suggest that coffee has a dose-dependent protective effect on liver-related mortality. AIM To estimate the potential impact of increased per capita coffee consumption on global liver-related mortality. METHODS Using the Global Burden of Disease 2016 dataset (adults > 15 years), we modelled the impact of increased per capita coffee consumption on liver-related mortality in 2016 for 194 countries using published risk ratios for >2 cups coffee/ day (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.42-0.69) and ≥4 cups/ day (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.17-0.50), adjusted for confounders and tested model assumptions using sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Worldwide, there were an estimated 1,240,201 (95% CI 118 4300-1 354 410) adult liver-related deaths in 2016. Median global liver mortality rate in 2016 was 15 deaths/ 100 000 population/ year (all ages, both genders; IQR 11-21 deaths per 100 000). If all countries with per capita coffee intake ≤2 cups/ day increased to >2 cups/ day, the predicted total number of liver-related deaths would have been 630 947 in 2016 (95% CI 629 693-631 861) with 452 861 (95% CI 451 948-454 116) deaths averted (PPR 7.8 liver-related deaths/ 100 000/ year). If per capita consumption was ≥ 4 cups/ day, the predicted number of liver-related deaths in 2016 would have been 360 523 (95% CI 359 825-361 992) with 723 287 (95% CI 721 817-723 984) deaths averted (PPR 12.1 liver-related deaths/100 000/year). CONCLUSION Increasing per capita coffee consumption to > 2 cups per day on a population level has the potential to avert hundreds of thousands of liver-related deaths annually if the impact of coffee on liver-related mortality is confirmed in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gow
- Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Tim Spelman
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Sarah Gardner
- Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Centre for Disease Prevention and Epidemiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jessica Howell
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Heidor R, Affonso JM, Ong TP, Moreno FS. Nutrition and Liver Cancer Prevention. NUTRITION AND CANCER PREVENTION 2019:339-367. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788016506-00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
Liver cancer represents a major public health problem. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex process that comprises several stages and is caused by multiple factors. Both progressive genetic and epigenetic alterations are described in liver cancer development. The most effective strategy to reduce the impact of this disease is through prevention. In addition to vaccination against HBV and treatment of HCV infection, other preventive measures include avoiding ingesting aflatoxin-contaminated foods and drinking alcoholic beverages, as well as maintaining healthy body weight and practicing physical exercise. Bioactive compounds from fruits and vegetables present great potential for liver cancer chemoprevention. Among them, tea catechins, carotenoids, retinoids, β-ionone, geranylgeraniol and folic acid can be highlighted. In addition, butyric acid, tributyrin and structured lipids based on butyric acid and other fatty acids represent additional promising chemopreventive agents. These bioactive food compounds have been shown to modulate key cellular and molecular processes that are deregulated in hepatocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, combinations of different classes of bioactive food compounds or of bioactive food compounds with synthetic drugs could lead to synergistic liver cancer chemopreventive effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Heidor
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Food Research Center (FoRC) São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
| | - J. M. Affonso
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Food Research Center (FoRC) São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
| | - T. P. Ong
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Food Research Center (FoRC) São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
| | - F. S. Moreno
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Food Research Center (FoRC) São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wiltberger G, Wu Y, Lange U, Hau HM, Tapper E, Krenzien F, Atanasov G, Benzing C, Feldbrügge L, Csizmadia E, Broschewitz J, Bartels M, Seehofer D, Jonas S, Berg T, Hessel P, Ascherl R, Neumann UP, Pratschke J, Robson SC, Schmelzle M. Protective effects of coffee consumption following liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49:779-788. [PMID: 30811647 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that coffee consumption might protect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis-associated death risk. Caffeine is a natural antagonist to extracellular adenosine and exhibits experimental tumoricidal activity. AIM To evaluate if coffee consumption has beneficial effects on HCC recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). METHODS Coffee consumption of patients before and after OLT for HCC was assessed and correlated with HCC recurrence. HepG2 cells were analysed for proliferation and metastasis potential after treatment with adenosine, in the presence or absence of adenosine receptor antagonists. Expression of adenosine receptors was determined, and known adenosine-mediated cancer pathways inclusive of MAPK and NF-kappa B were tested. RESULTS Ninety patients underwent OLT for HCC. Sixteen (17.8%) patients experienced HCC recurrence after median time of 11.5 months (range 1-40.5). For overall survival postoperative coffee intake emerged as major factor of hazard reduction in a multivariate analysis (HR = 0.2936, 95% CI = 0.12-0.71, P = 0.006). Those with such postoperative coffee intake (≥3 cups per day) had a longer overall survival than those who consumed less or no coffee: M = 11.0 years, SD = 0.52 years vs. M = 7.48 years, SD = 0.76 years = 4.7, P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Coffee consumption is associated with a decreased risk of HCC recurrence and provides for increased survival following OLT. We suggest that these results might be, at least in part, associated with the antagonist activity of caffeine on adenosine-A2AR mediated growth-promoting effects on HCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Wiltberger
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yan Wu
- Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Undine Lange
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Hau
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elliot Tapper
- Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Felix Krenzien
- Departmentof Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgi Atanasov
- Departmentof Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Benzing
- Departmentof Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Feldbrügge
- Departmentof Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Johannes Broschewitz
- Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Bartels
- Department of General- and Visceral surgery, Helios Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sven Jonas
- Department of Hepato-, Pancreato- and Biliary Surgery, 310Klinik Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Berg
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology, Dermatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Phillip Hessel
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rudi Ascherl
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Departmentof Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon C Robson
- Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Moritz Schmelzle
- Departmentof Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dong D, Zou Y, Zhang P, Wu Z. Systematic analyses and comprehensive field synopsis of genetic association studies in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45757-45763. [PMID: 27304192 PMCID: PMC5216758 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancy in the world. In order to comprehensively examine the association between genetic variants and risk of HCC, a systematic literature search and meta-analyses of the evidences have been performed. With the data from 301 articles, we conducted meta-analyses for 69 polymorphisms involving 46 distinct genes. The result showed that 31 polymorphisms in 25 genes are significantly associated with HCC risk. Cumulative epidemiological evidence for a significant association with HCC risk was graded strong for one polymorphism (NQO1 rs1800566). Furthermore, we provided a database to integrate and analyze the association of genetic variants and HCC risk. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive field synopsis and systematic meta-analysis of genetic association with HCC risk. We have provided a useful resource and platform for investigators to explore the association of sequence polymorphisms and HCC risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Bone and Joint Disease, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zou
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P.R. China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Bone and Joint Disease, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Coffee and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Cancer Prev 2017; 26:368-377. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
8
|
Amereh Z, Hatami N, Shirazi FH, Gholami S, Hosseini SH, Noubarani M, Kamalinejad M, Andalib S, Keyhanfar F, Eskandari MR. Cancer chemoprevention by oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifoli L.) fruit extract in a model of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine in rats. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:1046-1056. [PMID: 28900384 PMCID: PMC5579409 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent and fatal human cancer with poor diagnosis that accounts for over half a million deaths each year worldwide. Elaeagnus angustifolia L. known as oleaster has a wide range of pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the chemopreventive effect of aqueous extract of E. angustifolia fruit (AEA) against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC in rats. HCC was induced in rats by a single injection of DEN (200 mg/kg) as an initiator. After two weeks, rats were orally administered 2-acetylaminofluorene or 2-AAF (30 mg/kg) as a promoter for two weeks. Oleaster-treated rats were orally pretreated with the increasing doses of AEA two weeks prior to DEN injection that continued until the end of the experiment. In the current study, a significant decrease in serum biomarkers of liver damage and cancer, including alfa-fetoprotein (AFP), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) was observed in AEA-treated rats when compared to HCC rats. Furthermore, the oleaster extract exhibited in vivo antioxidant activity by elevating reduced glutathione (GSH) contents as well as preventing lipid peroxidation in the liver tissues of DEN-treated rats. The relative weight of liver, a prognostic marker of HCC, was also reduced in oleaster-treated rats. To conclude, our results clearly demonstrated that oleaster fruit possesses a significant chemopreventive effect against primary liver cancer induced by DEN in rats. It can be suggested that the preventive activity of oleaster against hepatocarcinogenesis may be mediated through the antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and antimutagenic effects of the fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Amereh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Hatami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Farshad H Shirazi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Gholami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hojjat Hosseini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Noubarani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Andalib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Keyhanfar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Eskandari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Coffee, tea, caffeine intake, and the risk of cancer in the PLCO cohort. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:809-16. [PMID: 26291054 PMCID: PMC4559834 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between coffee intake, tea intake and cancer has been extensively studied, but associations are not established for many cancers. Previous studies are not consistent on whether caffeine may be the source of possible associations between coffee and cancer risk. METHODS In the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian cancer screening trial, of the 97,334 eligible individuals, 10,399 developed cancer. Cancers included were 145 head and neck, 99 oesophageal, 136 stomach, 1137 lung, 1703 breast, 257 endometrial, 162 ovarian, 3037 prostate, 318 kidney, 398 bladder, 103 gliomas, and 106 thyroid. RESULTS Mean coffee intake was higher in lower education groups, among current smokers, among heavier and longer duration smokers, and among heavier alcohol drinkers. Coffee intake was not associated with the risk of all cancers combined (RR=1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.96-1.05), whereas tea drinking was associated with a decreased risk of cancer overall (RR=0.95, 95% CI=0.94-0.96 for 1+ cups per day vs <1 cup per day). For endometrial cancer, a decreased risk was observed for coffee intake (RR=0.69, 95% CI=0,52-0.91 for ⩾2 cups per day). Caffeine intake was not associated with cancer risk in a dose-response manner. CONCLUSIONS We observed a decreased risk of endometrial cancer for coffee intake, and a decreased risk of cancer overall with tea intake.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hori A, Kasai H, Kawai K, Nanri A, Sato M, Ohta M, Mizoue T. Coffee Intake is Associated With Lower Levels of Oxidative DNA Damage and Decreasing Body Iron Storage in Healthy Women. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:964-9. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.932398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
Andersen IM, Tengesdal G, Lie BA, Boberg KM, Karlsen TH, Hov JR. Effects of coffee consumption, smoking, and hormones on risk for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 12:1019-28. [PMID: 24076415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Little is known about nongenetic risk factors for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), except a possible protective effect of smoking. We investigated the relationship between environmental risk factors and susceptibility to PSC. METHODS A questionnaire was distributed to patients with PSC, recruited from Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet in Norway through 2011, and randomly chosen individuals from the Norwegian Bone Marrow Donor Registry (control subjects). Data were analyzed from 240 patients with PSC and 245 control subjects, matched for gender and age. RESULTS A lower proportion of patients with PSC were daily coffee drinkers than control subjects, both currently (76% vs 86%; odds ratio [OR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-0.82; P = .006) and at the age of 18 years (35% vs 49%; OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40-0.83; P = .003). The associations were mainly attributed to differences observed in men. Twenty percent of the patients were ever (current or former) daily smokers compared with 43% of control subjects (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.22-0.50; P < .001). Ever daily smoking before PSC diagnosis was associated with older age at diagnosis (42 years vs 32 years; P < .001). Ever daily smoking (P < .001) and being a coffee drinker at the age of 18 years (P = .048) were independently and negatively associated with PSC. Fewer female patients with PSC than control subjects reported ever use of hormonal contraception (51% vs 85%; P < .001). Among female patients, there was a strong correlation between increasing number of children before the diagnosis of PSC and increasing age at diagnosis (r = 0.63; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Coffee consumption and smoking might protect against development of PSC. In women, the disease might be influenced by hormonal factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Marie Andersen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo
| | - Guro Tengesdal
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo
| | - Benedicte Alexandra Lie
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Kirsten Muri Boberg
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo; Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo
| | - Tom Hemming Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo; Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo; K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johannes Roksund Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo; Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo; K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Knudsen ES, Gopal P, Singal AG. The changing landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma: etiology, genetics, and therapy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:574-83. [PMID: 24388934 PMCID: PMC3936328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the leading causes of cancer death and has proved to be highly refractory to treatment. Extensive analysis of the disease has demonstrated that it arises predominantly in response to high-risk etiological challenges, most notably hepatitis virus. However, with evolving vaccination and the obesity epidemic, progressively more cases are associated with underlying metabolic dysfunction. Pathologically diverse forms of HCC are observed, and recent sequencing analysis has defined common events that target well-known cancer pathways including β-catenin/Axin, TP53, and RB/CDKN2A, as well as frequent aberrations in chromatin remodeling factors. However, there are a myriad of low frequency genetic events that make each HCC case unique. Gene expression profiling approaches have successfully been deployed for prognostic assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma and to detect the earliest stages of disease. Despite more extensive research, systemic treatment for HCC is exceedingly limited, with only a handful of drugs providing benefit. Ongoing clinical trials are attempting to exploit specific biological dependencies of HCC to improve the dismal prognosis. Overall, the future of HCC treatment will rely on an understanding of the interplay between etiological factors, molecular features of disease, and rational therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Knudsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Purva Gopal
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Amit G Singal
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of death from cancer. The incidence and mortality of HCC are increasing in most Western countries as a result of an ageing cohort infected with chronic hepatitis C, and are expected to continue to rise as a consequence of the obesity epidemic. Chemopreventive strategies aimed at decreasing the risk or delaying the onset of HCC are needed. Universal immunization against HBV and antiviral therapy against HBV and HCV in patients with established disease has consistently been associated with reduced HCC risk, especially in patients who achieve sustained virologic response. However, the cost-effectiveness of antiviral therapy for primary HCC prevention is not known. Several commonly prescribed medications seem promising as chemopreventive agents against HCC, including statins, antidiabetic medications and aspirin. Dietary agents such as coffee, vitamin E and fish oil as well as phytochemicals might also be associated with reduced risk of HCC. Though randomized controlled trials are ideally needed to firmly establish efficacy, such chemoprevention trials are logistically and ethically challenging. Well-designed, prospective, population-based cohort studies might provide the best evidence for chemopreventive efficacy of these agents.
Collapse
|
14
|
Jang ES, Jeong SH, Lee SH, Hwang SH, Ahn SY, Lee J, Park YS, Hwang JH, Kim JW, Kim N, Lee DH, Kim HY. The effect of coffee consumption on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus endemic area. Liver Int 2013; 33:1092-9. [PMID: 23651110 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Coffee consumption is inversely related to the risk of cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the protective effect of coffee drinking against the risk of HCC was not established in HBV-prevalent region. To elucidate the relationship between lifetime coffee consumption and the risk of HCC development under the consideration of replication status of HBV. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was performed in 1364 subjects. A total of 258 HCC patients, 480 health-check examinees (control 1, HCE) and 626 patients with chronic liver disease other than HCC (control 2, CLD) were interviewed on smoking, alcohol and coffee drinking using a standardized questionnaire. HBV e-antigen (HBeAg) status and serum HBV DNA levels were measured in patients infected with HBV. RESULTS After adjustment for age, gender, obesity, DM, presence of hepatitis virus (except for HCE) and lifetime alcohol drinking/smoking, a high lifetime coffee consumption (≥20 000 cups) was an independent protective factor against HCC, in each analyses using healthy and risky control groups respectively (HCE group, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33-0.95; CLD group, OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36-0.85). However, the high coffee consumption did not affect the HCC risk in patients with HBV (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.36-1.14) after adjustment for HBeAg status, serum HBV DNA level and antiviral therapy. CONCLUSIONS A high lifetime coffee consumption was negatively associated with a HCC development. However, this difference of coffee exposure with the HCC group was reduced in chronic hepatitis B patients by the dominant role of viral replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sun Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lai GY, Weinstein SJ, Albanes D, Taylor PR, McGlynn KA, Virtamo J, Sinha R, Freedman ND. The association of coffee intake with liver cancer incidence and chronic liver disease mortality in male smokers. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:1344-51. [PMID: 23880821 PMCID: PMC3778279 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coffee intake is associated with reduced risk of liver cancer and chronic liver disease as reported in previous studies, including prospective ones conducted in Asian populations where hepatitis B viruses (HBVs) and hepatitis C viruses (HCVs) are the dominant risk factors. Yet, prospective studies in Western populations with lower HBV and HCV prevalence are sparse. Also, although preparation methods affect coffee constituents, it is unknown whether different methods affect disease associations. Methods: We evaluated the association of coffee intake with incident liver cancer and chronic liver disease mortality in 27 037 Finnish male smokers, aged 50–69, in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, who recorded their coffee consumption and were followed up to 24 years for incident liver cancer or chronic liver disease mortality. Multivariate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Coffee intake was inversely associated with incident liver cancer (RR per cup per day=0.82, 95% CI: 0.73–0.93; P-trend across categories=0.0007) and mortality from chronic liver disease (RR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.48–0.63; P-trend<0.0001). Inverse associations persisted in those without diabetes, HBV- and HCV-negative cases, and in analyses stratified by age, body mass index, alcohol and smoking dose. We observed similar associations for those drinking boiled or filtered coffee. Conclusion: These findings suggest that drinking coffee may have benefits for the liver, irrespective of whether coffee was boiled or filtered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Y Lai
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 2W136 MSC 9712, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Szpakowski JL, Tucker LY. Causes of death in patients with hepatitis B: a natural history cohort study in the United States. Hepatology 2013; 58:21-30. [PMID: 23080403 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a U.S. population has not been well described. We identified the causes of death in 6,689 health plan members infected with HBV who were followed between March 1, 1996 and December 31, 2005. Causes of death were grouped into HBV-related (subdivided into decompensated cirrhosis [DCC] and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]), cancer, cardiovascular, and other/unknown. The study cohort included 3,244 females and 3,445 males; 68.3% were of Asian-Pacific Islander (API) descent, 11.8% were white (non-Hispanic), and 19.9% were of other or unknown race. Exposure to HBV antivirals and preexisting comorbidities were uncommon. Males had higher overall 10-year death rates than females, both for total deaths (8.9% versus 4.1%) and for HBV-related deaths (4.8% versus 1.2%). The death rate rose markedly with increasing age, and approximately 40% of all deaths in subjects over the age of 40 were HBV related. The death rate from HCC was twice that of DCC. HCC deaths represented 70% of cancer deaths in males and 37% in females. On multivariable analysis, when subjects with antecedent HCC and DCC were excluded, the only significant predictor of HBV mortality in both sexes was age. CONCLUSION HBV was the cause of death in over 40% of those who died during the study, and the mortality increased markedly with increasing age over 40 in males and over 50 in females. HBV-related mortality was four times more common in males than in females and was as common in non-Asians as in those of API origin. HBV-related deaths were twice as common from HCC as from DCC.
Collapse
|
17
|
Cardin R, Piciocchi M, Martines D, Scribano L, Petracco M, Farinati F. Effects of coffee consumption in chronic hepatitis C: a randomized controlled trial. Dig Liver Dis 2013; 45:499-504. [PMID: 23238034 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coffee is associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic C hepatitis. This prospective trial was aimed at assessing the mechanisms underlying coffee-related protective effects. METHODS Forty patients with chronic hepatitis C were randomized into two groups: the first consumed 4 cups of coffee/day for 30 days, while the second remained coffee "abstinent". At day 30, the groups were switched over for a second month. RESULTS At baseline, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were lower in patients drinking 3-5 (Group B) than 0-2 cups/day (Group A) (56 ± 6 vs 74 ± 11/60 ± 3 vs 73 ± 7 U/L p=0.05/p=0.04, respectively). HCV-RNA levels were significantly higher in Group B [(6.2 ± 1.5) × 10(5)vs (3.9 ± 1.0) × 10(5)UI/mL, p=0.05]. During coffee intake, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and collagen levels were significantly lower than during abstinence (15 ± 3 vs 44 ± 16 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine/10(5)deoxyguanosine, p=0.05 and 56 ± 9 vs 86 ± 21 ng/mL, p=0.04). Telomere length was significantly higher in patients during coffee intake (0.68 ± 0.06 vs 0.48 ± 0.04 Arbitrary Units, p=0.006). Telomere length and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine were inversely correlated. CONCLUSION In chronic hepatitis C coffee consumption induces a reduction in oxidative damage, correlated with increased telomere length and apoptosis, with lower collagen synthesis, factors that probably mediate the protection exerted by coffee with respect to disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romilda Cardin
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Section of Gastroenterology, Padua University, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent attempt to estimate the false-positive rate for cancer epidemiology studies is based on agents in International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) category 3 (agent not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans) in the IARC Monographs Program. METHODS The estimation method is critiqued regarding biases caused by its reliance on the IARC classification criteria for assessing carcinogenic potential. RESULTS The privileged position given to epidemiologic studies by the IARC criteria ensures that the percentage of positive epidemiologic studies for an agent will depend strongly on the IARC category to which the agent is assigned. Because IARC category 3 is composed of agents with the lowest-assessed carcinogenic potential to which the estimation approach in question could be applied, a spuriously low estimated false-positive rate was necessarily the outcome of this approach. CONCLUSIONS Tendentious estimation approaches like that employed will by necessity produce spuriously low and misleading false positive rates. IMPACT The recently reported estimates of the false-positive rate in cancer epidemiology are seriously biased and contribute nothing substantive to the literature on the very real problems related to false-positive findings in epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K McLaughlin
- International Epidemiology Institute, 1455 Research Boulevard, Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jang ES, Jeong SH, Hwang SH, Kim HY, Ahn SY, Lee J, Lee SH, Park YS, Hwang JH, Kim JW, Kim N, Lee DH. Effects of coffee, smoking, and alcohol on liver function tests: a comprehensive cross-sectional study. BMC Gastroenterol 2012; 12:145. [PMID: 23075166 PMCID: PMC3531257 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-12-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver function tests (LFTs) can be affected by many factors and the proposed effects of coffee on LFT require a comprehensive evaluation. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether drinking coffee, smoking, or drinking alcohol have independent effects on LFTs in Korean health-check examinees. Methods We used the responses of 500 health-check examinees, who had participated in a self-administered questionnaire survey about coffee, alcohol drinking, and smoking habits. Results Coffee consumption was closely related to male gender, high body mass index (BMI), alcohol drinking, and smoking. On univariable and multivariable analyses, drinking coffee lowered serum levels of total protein, albumin, and aspartate aminotransferases (AST). On multivariable analyses, smoking raised serum γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) level and decreased serum protein and albumin levels, while alcohol drinking raised GGT level after adjustment for age, gender, regular medication, BMI, coffee and alcohol drinking amounts, and smoking. Conclusions Coffee consumption, smoking, and alcohol drinking affect the individual components of LFT in different ways, and the above 3 habits each have an impact on LFTs. Therefore, their effects on LFTs should be carefully interpreted, and further study on the mechanism of the effects is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sun Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 166 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 463-707, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the sixth most prevalent cancer and the third most frequent cause of cancer-related death. Patients with cirrhosis are at highest risk of developing this malignant disease, and ultrasonography every 6 months is recommended. Surveillance with ultrasonography allows diagnosis at early stages when the tumour might be curable by resection, liver transplantation, or ablation, and 5-year survival higher than 50% can be achieved. Patients with small solitary tumours and very well preserved liver function are the best candidates for surgical resection. Liver transplantation is most beneficial for individuals who are not good candidates for resection, especially those within Milano criteria (solitary tumour ≤5 cm and up to three nodules ≤3 cm). Donor shortage greatly limits its applicability. Percutaneous ablation is the most frequently used treatment but its effectiveness is limited by tumour size and localisation. In asymptomatic patients with multifocal disease without vascular invasion or extrahepatic spread not amenable to curative treatments, chemoembolisation can provide survival benefit. Findings of randomised trials of sorafenib have shown survival benefits for individuals with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting that molecular-targeted therapies could be effective in this chemoresistant cancer. Research is active in the area of pathogenesis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Forner
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shizuma T, Ishiwata K, Nagano M, Mori H, Fukuyama N. Protective effects of fermented rice vinegar sediment (Kurozu moromimatsu) in a diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma animal model. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011. [PMID: 21765604 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-112.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kurozu moromimatsu is the sediment of Kurozu, a jar-fermented Japanese black vinegar produced from unpolished rice. Here, we examined the protective effects of Kurozu moromimatsu in a diethylnitrosamine-induced model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Thirty-two F344 rats were divided into two groups; the control group received basal CE-2 diet, and the Kurozu moromimatsu group received CE-2 diet containing Kurozu moromimatsu. At 16 weeks after initial intraperitoneal administration of diethylnitrosamine (150 mg/kg/week), serum was collected from half the rats. These rats were sacrificed and the liver was resected for histological examination of hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections and assay of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in tumor tissues. Glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive foci were evaluated by immunostaining for glutathione S-transferase placental form. The remaining rats were maintained for evaluation of survival. There were no significant differences of serum transaminases, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and also no marked hepatic histological differences, between the two groups. However, the size of hepatocellular carcinomas was greatly decreased and the levels of activated matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 were significantly reduced in the Kurozu moromimatsu group. Further, survival was significantly prolonged in the Kurozu moromimatsu group compared with the control. These results indicate that Kurozu moromimatsu inhibited the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Shizuma
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143, Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nishida U, Kato M, Nishida M, Kamada G, Ono S, Shimizu Y, Fujimori S, Asaka M. Evaluation of gastrointestinal injury and blood flow of small bowel during low-dose aspirin administration. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 49:31-5. [PMID: 21765604 PMCID: PMC3082081 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid has been widely used. We evaluated small bowel and gastric injuries during acetylsalicylic acid administration using video capsule endoscopy and gastroduodenal endoscopy. We also investigated blood flow using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Six healthy volunteers were enrolled in this preliminary study. The subjects were administered 100 mg of enteric-coated aspirin daily for 14 days. Video capsule endoscopy and gastroduodenal endoscopy were simultaneously performed before administration and on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography was performed before administration and on day 2, and 8. Video capsule endoscopy after administration of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid revealed small bowel mucosal damages of petechiae and erythema in all cases, and denuded area in one case. The total number of lesions in the small bowel increased according to duration of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid administration. However, the total number of lesions in the stomach peaked on day 3. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography showed that the time-intensity curve peak value and Areas under the curves after acetylsalicylic acid administration were reduced. We observed not only gastric mucosal injuries but also small intestinal injuries with short-term low-dose acetylsalicylic acid administration. Acetylsalicylic acid administration also caused a decrease in small intestinal blood flow. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is useful for evaluation blood flow in the small bowel mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urara Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 17, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Liver disease is the fifth commonest cause of death in the UK. Observational and case-controlled studies have suggested that coffee is beneficial in liver disease, but this evidence has yet to be evaluated or placed into the context of the natural history of liver disease. The aim of this study was to review the current evidence for the role of coffee in liver disease. Several studies consistently show that coffee drinkers have a reduced risk of abnormal liver function tests, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is a clear dose response to this benefit. As the effect of this widely available food substance seems substantial further data, ideally from an interventional study of coffee in patients with liver disease, is urgently required particularly because of the potential to reduce fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma risk. This would be the first intervention of its kind to have proven benefit irrespective of etiology of liver disease.
Collapse
|
24
|
Nilsson LM, Johansson I, Lenner P, Lindahl B, Van Guelpen B. Consumption of filtered and boiled coffee and the risk of incident cancer: a prospective cohort study. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21:1533-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
25
|
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes chronic hepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States tripled between 1975 and 2005, and is expected to increase further, and to remain elevated for more than 20 years. Curing hepatitis C infection in patients with cirrhosis through treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin reduces the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Several noncurative treatments also appear to reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Prospective studies report a reduced incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients treated with a mixture of carotenoids with or without myo-inositol, with vitamin K₂, or with polyprenoic acid (an acyclic retinoid). Uncontrolled and/or retrospective studies have reported beneficial effects of treatment with Sho-saiko-to, glycyrrhizin and ursodeoxycholic acid on hepatocellular carcinoma incidence. Meta-analyses of epidemiologic studies show a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among liver disease patients who drink two or more cups of coffee per day. Numerous agents prevent or reduce hepatocarcinogenesis in animal models. An ongoing Phase II clinical trial is evaluating S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) as a potential chemopreventive agent in hepatitis C cirrhosis. Overall, these data suggest that chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C is an achievable objective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Morgan
- Gastroenterology Section, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA.
| |
Collapse
|