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Afzal F, Spieker K, Hurck P, Abt S, Achenbach P, Adlarson P, Ahmed Z, Akondi CS, Annand JRM, Arends HJ, Bashkanov M, Beck R, Biroth M, Borisov N, Braghieri A, Briscoe WJ, Cividini F, Collicott C, Costanza S, Denig A, Dieterle M, Downie EJ, Drexler P, Fegan S, Gardner S, Ghosal D, Glazier DI, Gorodnov I, Gradl W, Gurevich D, Heijkenskjöld L, Hornidge D, Huber GM, Kashevarov VL, Kay SJD, Korolija M, Krusche B, Lazarev A, Livingston K, Lutterer S, MacGregor IJD, Macrae RG, Manley DM, Martel PP, Miskimen R, Mocanu M, Mornacchi E, Mullen C, Neganov A, Neiser A, Oberle M, Ostrick M, Otte PB, Paudyal D, Pedroni P, Powell A, Reicherz G, Rostomyan T, Sfienti C, Sokhoyan V, Steffen O, Strakovsky II, Strub T, Supek I, Thiel A, Thiel M, Thomas A, Usov YA, Wagner S, Walford NK, Watts DP, Werthmüller D, Wettig J, Witthauer L, Wolfes M, Zachariou N. First Measurement Using Elliptically Polarized Photons of the Double-Polarization Observable E for γp→pπ^{0} and γp→nπ^{+}. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:121902. [PMID: 38579200 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.121902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
We report the measurement of the helicity asymmetry E for the pπ^{0} and nπ^{+} final states using, for the first time, an elliptically polarized photon beam in combination with a longitudinally polarized target at the Crystal Ball experiment at MAMI. The results agree very well with data that were taken with a circularly polarized photon beam, showing that it is possible to simultaneously measure polarization observables that require linearly (e.g., G) and circularly polarized photons (e.g., E) and a longitudinally polarized target. The new data cover a photon energy range 270-1400 MeV for the pπ^{0} final state (230-842 MeV for the nπ^{+} final state) and the full range of pion polar angles, θ, providing the most precise measurement of the observable E. A moment analysis gives a clear observation of the pη cusp in the pπ^{0} final state.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Afzal
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - K Spieker
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - P Hurck
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Abt
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Achenbach
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Adlarson
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Z Ahmed
- University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S0A2, Canada
| | - C S Akondi
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - J R M Annand
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H J Arends
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Bashkanov
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - R Beck
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Biroth
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Borisov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - A Braghieri
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - W J Briscoe
- Center for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - F Cividini
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Collicott
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, E4L1E6 Halifax, Canada
| | - S Costanza
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A Denig
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Dieterle
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - E J Downie
- Center for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - P Drexler
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S Fegan
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - S Gardner
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Ghosal
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D I Glazier
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I Gorodnov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - W Gradl
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Gurevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - L Heijkenskjöld
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Hornidge
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L1E6, Canada
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S0A2, Canada
| | - V L Kashevarov
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - S J D Kay
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - M Korolija
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - B Krusche
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Lazarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - K Livingston
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Lutterer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - I J D MacGregor
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R G Macrae
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D M Manley
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - P P Martel
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L1E6, Canada
| | - R Miskimen
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - M Mocanu
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - E Mornacchi
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Mullen
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Neganov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - A Neiser
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Oberle
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Ostrick
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P B Otte
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Paudyal
- University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S0A2, Canada
| | - P Pedroni
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Powell
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Reicherz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Ruhr Universität, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Rostomyan
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Sfienti
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Sokhoyan
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Steffen
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - I I Strakovsky
- Center for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - T Strub
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Supek
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Thiel
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Thiel
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Thomas
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yu A Usov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - S Wagner
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N K Walford
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D P Watts
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - D Werthmüller
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - J Wettig
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Witthauer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Wolfes
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Zachariou
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
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Jermann N, Krusche B, Metag V, Afzal F, Badea M, Beck R, Bielefeldt P, Bieling J, Biroth M, Blanke E, Borisov N, Bornstein M, Brinkmann KT, Ciupka S, Crede V, Dolzhikov A, Drexler P, Dutz H, Elsner D, Fedorov A, Frommberger F, Gardner S, Ghosal D, Goertz S, Gorodnov I, Grüner M, Hammann C, Hartmann J, Hillert W, Hoffmeister P, Honisch C, Jude TC, Kalischewski F, Ketzer B, Klassen P, Klein F, Klempt E, Knaust J, Kolanus N, Kreit J, Krönert P, Lang M, Lazarev AB, Livingston K, Lutterer S, Mahlberg P, Meier C, Meyer W, Mitlasoczki B, Müllers J, Nanova M, Neganov A, Nikonov K, Noël JF, Ostrick M, Ottnad J, Otto B, Penman G, Poller T, Proft D, Reicherz G, Reinartz N, Richter L, Runkel S, Salisbury B, Sarantsev AV, Schaab D, Schmidt C, Schmieden H, Schultes J, Seifen T, Spieker K, Stausberg N, Steinacher M, Taubert F, Thiel A, Thoma U, Thomas A, Urban M, Urff G, Usov Y, van Pee H, Wang YC, Wendel C, Wiedner U, Wunderlich Y. Measurement of polarization observables T, P, and H in π0 and η photoproduction off quasi-free nucleons. Eur Phys J A Hadron Nucl 2023; 59:232. [PMID: 37860634 PMCID: PMC10582157 DOI: 10.1140/epja/s10050-023-01134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The target asymmetry T, recoil asymmetry P, and beam-target double polarization observable H were determined in exclusive π 0 and η photoproduction off quasi-free protons and, for the first time, off quasi-free neutrons. The experiment was performed at the electron stretcher accelerator ELSA in Bonn, Germany, with the Crystal Barrel/TAPS detector setup, using a linearly polarized photon beam and a transversely polarized deuterated butanol target. Effects from the Fermi motion of the nucleons within deuterium were removed by a full kinematic reconstruction of the final state invariant mass. A comparison of the data obtained on the proton and on the neutron provides new insight into the isospin structure of the electromagnetic excitation of the nucleon. Earlier measurements of polarization observables in the γ p → π 0 p and γ p → η p reactions are confirmed. The data obtained on the neutron are of particular relevance for clarifying the origin of the narrow structure in the η n system at W = 1.68 GeV . A comparison with recent partial wave analyses favors the interpretation of this structure as arising from interference of the S 11 ( 1535 ) and S 11 ( 1650 ) resonances within the S 11 -partial wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Jermann
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - B. Krusche
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - V. Metag
- II. Physikalisches Institut, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - F. Afzal
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Badea
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - R. Beck
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - P. Bielefeldt
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Bieling
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Biroth
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - E. Blanke
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - N. Borisov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - M. Bornstein
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K.-T. Brinkmann
- II. Physikalisches Institut, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - S. Ciupka
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - V. Crede
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - A. Dolzhikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - P. Drexler
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - H. Dutz
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D. Elsner
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Fedorov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - F. Frommberger
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Gardner
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D. Ghosal
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Present Address: resent address: University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S. Goertz
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - I. Gorodnov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - M. Grüner
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C. Hammann
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Hartmann
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - W. Hillert
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Present Address: resent address: University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. Hoffmeister
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C. Honisch
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T. C. Jude
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - F. Kalischewski
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - B. Ketzer
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - P. Klassen
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - F. Klein
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - E. Klempt
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Knaust
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - N. Kolanus
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Kreit
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - P. Krönert
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Lang
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - K. Livingston
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S. Lutterer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Present Address: resent address: Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - P. Mahlberg
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C. Meier
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - W. Meyer
- Institut für Experimentalphysik I, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - B. Mitlasoczki
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Müllers
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Nanova
- II. Physikalisches Institut, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - A. Neganov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - K. Nikonov
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. F. Noël
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Ostrick
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Ottnad
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - B. Otto
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - G. Penman
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - T. Poller
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D. Proft
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - G. Reicherz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik I, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - N. Reinartz
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - L. Richter
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Runkel
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - B. Salisbury
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A. V. Sarantsev
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D. Schaab
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C. Schmidt
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H. Schmieden
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Schultes
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T. Seifen
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K. Spieker
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - N. Stausberg
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Steinacher
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - F. Taubert
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Thiel
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - U. Thoma
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Thomas
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Urban
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - G. Urff
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Y. Usov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - H. van Pee
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Y. C. Wang
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C. Wendel
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - U. Wiedner
- Institut für Experimentalphysik I, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Y. Wunderlich
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - CBELSA/TAPS Collaboration
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen-und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institut für Experimentalphysik I, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Present Address: resent address: University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Present Address: resent address: University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Present Address: resent address: Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Gardner S, Neal E, Hedley A, Duddy I, Small K. Lessons from Making Wound Care Work: how to build a better future for people living with a chronic wound. Br J Community Nurs 2023; 28:S22-S26. [PMID: 37262091 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2023.28.sup6.s22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gardner
- Independent Tissue Viability consultant and Chair, Legs Matter
| | | | - Ali Hedley
- Medical and Professional Affairs Manager UK, Mölnlycke
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Pan B, Gardner S, Schultz K, Perez RM, Deng S, Shimogawa M, Sato K, Rhoades E, Marmorstein R, Petersson EJ. Semi-synthetic CoA-α-Synuclein Constructs Trap N-terminal Acetyltransferase NatB for Binding Mechanism Studies. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.03.535351. [PMID: 37066334 PMCID: PMC10104007 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
N-terminal acetylation is a chemical modification carried out by N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs). A major member of this enzyme family, NatB, acts on much of the human proteome, including α-synuclein (αS), a synaptic protein that mediates vesicle trafficking. NatB acetylation of αS modulates its lipid vesicle binding properties and amyloid fibril formation, which underlies its role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Although the molecular details of the interaction between human NatB (hNatB) and the N-terminus of αS have been resolved, whether the remainder of the protein plays a role in interacting with the enzyme is unknown. Here we execute the first synthesis, by native chemical ligation, of a bisubstrate inhibitor of NatB consisting of coenzyme A and full-length human αS, additionally incorporating two fluorescent probes for studies of conformational dynamics. We use cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to characterize the structural features of the hNatB/inhibitor complex and show that, beyond the first few residues, αS remains disordered when in complex with hNatB. We further probe changes in the αS conformation by single molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) to reveal that the C-terminus expands when bound to hNatB. Computational models based on the cryo-EM and smFRET data help to explain the conformational changes and their implications for hNatB substrate recognition and specific inhibition of the interaction with αS. Beyond the study of αS and NatB, these experiments illustrate valuable strategies for the study of challenging structural biology targets through a combination of protein semi-synthesis, cryo-EM, smFRET, and computational modeling.
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5
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Jacob-Dolan C, Yu J, McMahan K, Giffin V, Chandrashekar A, Martinot AJ, Anioke T, Powers OC, Hall K, Hope D, Miller J, Hachmann NP, Chung B, Gardner S, Sellers D, Barrett J, Lewis MG, Andersen H, Kleanthous H, Seo KW, Lee SJ, Park YW, Kim H, Barouch DH. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of GBP510/AS03 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 delta challenge in rhesus macaques. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:23. [PMID: 36823160 PMCID: PMC9947939 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of several effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, additional vaccines will be required for optimal global vaccination. In this study, we investigate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the GBP510 protein subunit vaccine adjuvanted with AS03, which has recently been authorized for marketing in South Korea under the trade name SKYCovioneTM. The antigen in GBP510/AS03 is a two-part recombinant nanoparticle, which displays 60 receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 Spike on its surface. In this study we show that GBP510/AS03 induced robust immune responses in rhesus macaques and protected against a high-dose SARS-CoV-2 Delta challenge. We vaccinated macaques with two or three doses of GBP510/AS03 matched to the ancestral Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2 or with two doses of GBP510/AS03 matched to the ancestral strain and one dose matched to the Beta strain. Following the challenge with Delta, the vaccinated macaques rapidly controlled the virus in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal swabs. Binding and neutralizing antibody responses prior to challenge correlated with protection against viral replication postchallenge. These data are consistent with data with this vaccine from the phase 3 clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Victoria Giffin
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Amanda J Martinot
- Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Tochi Anioke
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Olivia C Powers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kevin Hall
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - David Hope
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jessica Miller
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nichole P Hachmann
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Benjamin Chung
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sarah Gardner
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Daniel Sellers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Julia Barrett
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ki-Woen Seo
- Department of Research and Development, SK bioscience 310 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeen Lee
- Department of Research and Development, SK bioscience 310 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Wook Park
- Department of Research and Development, SK bioscience 310 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Department of Research and Development, SK bioscience 310 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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6
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Hadlington L, Binder J, Gardner S, Karanika-Murray M, Knight S. The use of artificial intelligence in a military context: development of the attitudes toward AI in defense (AAID) scale. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1164810. [PMID: 37213385 PMCID: PMC10196355 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1164810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of artificial intelligence (AI) for national defense is a matter of high societal significance and ongoing public discourse, but very little is known about public acceptance of AI in defense contexts. Currently, there is no reliable and valid measure of attitudes towards AI in defense, and more general attitudinal measures on AI use are unlikely to capture relevant perceptions and opinions. A measure was therefore developed for the assessment of Attitudes towards AI in Defense (AAID), and this work presents the initial validation of this scale. Methods A total of 1,590 participants (aged 19-75, M = 45.7, SD = 16.1) completed a self-report questionnaire which included an initial item pool of 29 attitudinal statements related to the use of AI in defense. An additional general attitude towards AI scale was also included to assess the concurrently validity of the AAID scale. The AAID underwent initial statistical validation via exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to test the underlying structure of the newly developed scale. Results Items reduction and exploratory factor analysis resulted in a final scale consisting of 15 items. A final two factor solution explained 42.52% of the variance (Factor 1 = 22.35%, Factor 2 = 20.17%). Factor 1 was termed "Positive outcomes" and reflected the potential and anticipated consequences of implementing AI in defense. Factor 2 was termed "Negative Outcomes" and reflected the potential negative outcomes for AI in defense. The scale also exhibited acceptable internal reliability and current validity. Discussion The newly developed AAID presents a new measurement tool which has the capacity to assess current attitudes towards AI in defense. Such work is essential if further developments in AI in defense are to continue with the support of the public. However, the work also notes that there are some key concerns and barriers that could block further developments in the area, with further work needed to explore how such anxieties are driven by narratives related to the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hadlington
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Lee Hadlington,
| | - Jens Binder
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah Knight
- Exploration Division, Defense Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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7
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Jaspal R, Gardner S, Zwach P, Green M, Breakwell GM. Trust in science, homonegativity, and HIV stigma: Experimental data from the United Kingdom and Germany. Stigma and Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1037/sah0000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Campbell A, McCready-Vangi A, Gardner S, Grice E. LB983 Genomic variation in staphylococcus aureus stress response and virulence in diabetic wounds. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Gorring H, Divall P, Gardner S, Gray A, McLaren A, Snell L, Thackeray E, Tocock A, Young G. NHS librarians collaborate to develop a search bank peer reviewing and sharing COVID-19 searches - an evaluation. Health Info Libr J 2022; 39:336-346. [PMID: 35808921 PMCID: PMC9350244 DOI: 10.1111/hir.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, Health Education England (HEE) mobilised a group of expert searchers from NHS libraries in England to develop a platform for librarians to share peer reviewed search strategies and results on the Knowledge for Healthcare website. OBJECTIVES (1) To document the origins of the COVID-19 search bank, (2) evaluate attitudes of NHS librarians in England towards the search bank and (3) identify lessons learned and consider whether the initiative might be developed further. METHODS Structured interviews with the peer reviewers (n = 10) were conducted, and a questionnaire survey of the NHS library community using the search bank was undertaken. RESULTS The interviews confirmed the value of collaboration. Expert searchers worked in pairs to peer review submitted search strategies. The survey (85 responses) indicated that a majority had used the search bank, and approved of the project, with some differences of opinion on functionality and future developments. DISCUSSION Collaborative working for the search bank probably saved time for individual NHS librarians. The quality of the searches submitted was variable as were librarians' approaches to presentation and development of search strategies. Peer review benefits from a buddy approach among expert searchers and agreement about feedback provided to contributors. CONCLUSION Search strategies are the most useful element of a search bank. Peer review can be challenging and would benefit from a formal structure, but it is professionally rewarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Gorring
- Health Education England, Manchester, UK.,Arden & GEM Commissioning Support Unit, Warwick, UK
| | - Pip Divall
- University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Sarah Gardner
- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Doncaster, UK
| | - Anne Gray
- Arden & GEM Commissioning Support Unit, Warwick, UK
| | | | - Lindsay Snell
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Eva Thackeray
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
| | | | - Gil Young
- Health Education England, Manchester, UK
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10
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Merhi G, Trotter AJ, de Oliveira Martins L, Koweyes J, Le-Viet T, Abou Naja H, Al Buaini M, Prosolek SJ, Alikhan NF, Lott M, Tohmeh T, Badran B, Jupp OJ, Gardner S, Felgate MW, Makin KA, Wilkinson JM, Stanley R, Sesay AK, Webber MA, Davidson RK, Ghosn N, Pallen M, Hasan H, Page AJ, Tokajian S. Replacement of the Alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2 by the Delta variant in Lebanon between April and June 2021. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35876490 PMCID: PMC9455693 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to expand globally, with case numbers rising in many areas of the world, including the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Lebanon experienced its largest wave of COVID-19 infections from January to April 2021. Limited genomic surveillance was undertaken, with just 26 SARS-CoV-2 genomes available for this period, nine of which were from travellers from Lebanon detected by other countries. Additional genome sequencing is thus needed to allow surveillance of variants in circulation. In total, 905 SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sequenced using the ARTIC protocol. The genomes were derived from SARS-CoV-2-positive samples, selected retrospectively from the sentinel COVID-19 surveillance network, to capture diversity of location, sampling time, sex, nationality and age. Although 16 PANGO lineages were circulating in Lebanon in January 2021, by February there were just four, with the Alpha variant accounting for 97 % of samples. In the following 2 months, all samples contained the Alpha variant. However, this had changed dramatically by June and July 2021, when all samples belonged to the Delta variant. This study documents a ten-fold increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 genomes available from Lebanon. The Alpha variant, first detected in the UK, rapidly swept through Lebanon, causing the country's largest wave to date, which peaked in January 2021. The Alpha variant was introduced to Lebanon multiple times despite travel restrictions, but the source of these introductions remains uncertain. The Delta variant was detected in Gambia in travellers from Lebanon in mid-May, suggesting community transmission in Lebanon several weeks before this variant was detected in the country. Prospective sequencing in June/July 2021 showed that the Delta variant had completely replaced the Alpha variant in under 6 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Merhi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, School of Arts and Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Jad Koweyes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, School of Arts and Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Thanh Le-Viet
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Hala Abou Naja
- Ministry of Public Health, Epidemiological Surveillance Program, Museum Square, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mona Al Buaini
- National Influenza Centre Research Laboratory, Rafic Hariri University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sophie J Prosolek
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | | | - Martin Lott
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Tatiana Tohmeh
- Ministry of Public Health, Epidemiological Surveillance Program, Museum Square, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Orla J Jupp
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Rachael Stanley
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | | | - Mark A Webber
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.,University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | | | - Nada Ghosn
- Ministry of Public Health, Epidemiological Surveillance Program, Museum Square, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mark Pallen
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.,University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | | | - Andrew J Page
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Sima Tokajian
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, School of Arts and Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon
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11
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Gardner S, Marmorstein R. Biochemical characterization of the bile acid synthetic enzyme 3β‐hydroxy‐Δ
5
‐C
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steroid dehydrogenase/isomerase type VII. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.l7831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gardner
- Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
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12
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Collier ARY, Brown CM, McMahan KA, Yu J, Liu J, Jacob-Dolan C, Chandrashekar A, Tierney D, Ansel JL, Rowe M, Sellers D, Ahmad K, Aguayo R, Anioke T, Gardner S, Siamatu M, Bermudez Rivera L, Hacker MR, Madoff LC, Barouch DH. Characterization of immune responses in fully vaccinated individuals after breakthrough infection with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn6150. [PMID: 35258323 PMCID: PMC8995036 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn6150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Breakthrough infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have been reported frequently in vaccinated individuals with waning immunity. In particular, a cluster of over 1000 infections with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant was identified in a predominantly fully vaccinated population in Provincetown, Massachusetts in July 2021. In this study, vaccinated individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (n = 16) demonstrated substantially higher serum antibody responses than vaccinated individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (n = 23), including 32-fold higher binding antibody titers and 31-fold higher neutralizing antibody titers against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. Vaccinated individuals who tested positive also showed higher mucosal antibody responses in nasal secretions and higher spike protein-specific CD8+ T cell responses in peripheral blood than did vaccinated individuals who tested negative. These data demonstrate that fully vaccinated individuals developed robust anamnestic antibody and T cell responses after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. Moreover, these findings suggest that population immunity will likely increase over time by a combination of widespread vaccination and breakthrough infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-ris Y. Collier
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02215
| | | | - Katherine A. McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Dylan Tierney
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA 02108
| | - Jessica L. Ansel
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Marjorie Rowe
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Daniel Sellers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Kunza Ahmad
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Ricardo Aguayo
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02215
| | - Tochi Anioke
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Sarah Gardner
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Mazuba Siamatu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Lorraine Bermudez Rivera
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Michele R. Hacker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02215
| | | | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA 02139
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13
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Mornacchi E, Martel PP, Abt S, Achenbach P, Adlarson P, Afzal F, Ahmed Z, Annand JRM, Arends HJ, Bashkanov M, Beck R, Biroth M, Borisov N, Braghieri A, Briscoe WJ, Cividini F, Collicott C, Costanza S, Denig A, Dolzhikov AS, Downie EJ, Drexler P, Fegan S, Gardner S, Ghosal D, Glazier DI, Gorodnov I, Gradl W, Günther M, Gurevich D, Heijkenskjöld L, Hornidge D, Huber GM, Käser A, Kashevarov VL, Kay SJD, Korolija M, Krusche B, Lazarev A, Livingston K, Lutterer S, MacGregor IJD, Manley DM, Miskimen R, Mocanu M, Mullen C, Neganov A, Neiser A, Ostrick M, Paudyal D, Pedroni P, Powell A, Rostomyan T, Sokhoyan V, Spieker K, Steffen O, Strakovsky I, Strub T, Thiel M, Thomas A, Usov YA, Wagner S, Watts DP, Werthmüller D, Wettig J, Wolfes M, Zachariou N. Measurement of Compton Scattering at MAMI for the Extraction of the Electric and Magnetic Polarizabilities of the Proton. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:132503. [PMID: 35426697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.132503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A precise measurement of the differential cross sections dσ/dΩ and the linearly polarized photon beam asymmetry Σ_{3} for Compton scattering on the proton below pion threshold has been performed with a tagged photon beam and almost 4π detector at the Mainz Microtron. The incident photons were produced by the recently upgraded Glasgow-Mainz photon tagging facility and impinged on a cryogenic liquid hydrogen target, with the scattered photons detected in the Crystal Ball/TAPS setup. Using the highest statistics Compton scattering data ever measured on the proton along with two effective field theories (both covariant baryon and heavy-baryon) and one fixed-t dispersion relation model, constraining the fits with the Baldin sum rule, we have obtained the proton electric and magnetic polarizabilities with unprecedented precision: α_{E1}=10.99±0.16±0.47±0.17±0.34, β_{M1}=3.14±0.21±0.24±0.20±0.35; in units of 10^{-4} fm^{3} where the errors are statistical, systematic, spin polarizability dependent, and model dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mornacchi
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P P Martel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1E6, Canada
| | - S Abt
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Achenbach
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Adlarson
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Afzal
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Z Ahmed
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - J R M Annand
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H J Arends
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Bashkanov
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - R Beck
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Biroth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Borisov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | | | - W J Briscoe
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - F Cividini
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Collicott
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Costanza
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A Denig
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A S Dolzhikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - E J Downie
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - P Drexler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Fegan
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - S Gardner
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Ghosal
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D I Glazier
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I Gorodnov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - W Gradl
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Günther
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Gurevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - L Heijkenskjöld
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Hornidge
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1E6, Canada
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - A Käser
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - V L Kashevarov
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - S J D Kay
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - M Korolija
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - B Krusche
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Lazarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - K Livingston
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Lutterer
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - I J D MacGregor
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D M Manley
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, USA
| | - R Miskimen
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - M Mocanu
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - C Mullen
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Neganov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - A Neiser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Ostrick
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Paudyal
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - P Pedroni
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A Powell
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T Rostomyan
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - V Sokhoyan
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Spieker
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - O Steffen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - I Strakovsky
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - T Strub
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Thiel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Thomas
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yu A Usov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - S Wagner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D P Watts
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - D Werthmüller
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - J Wettig
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Wolfes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Zachariou
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
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14
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He X, Aid M, Chandrashekar A, Yu J, McMahan K, Wegmann F, Jacob-Dolan C, Maron JS, Atyeo C, Wan H, Sellers D, Liu J, Lifton M, Gardner S, Bondzie EA, Barrett J, Ahmad K, Anioke T, Yalley-Ogunro J, Muench J, Goode A, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Alter G, Schuitemaker H, Zahn R, Barouch DH. A homologous or variant booster vaccine after Ad26.COV2.S immunization enhances SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses in rhesus macaques. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm4996. [PMID: 35191769 PMCID: PMC9802654 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm4996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ad26.COV2.S has demonstrated durability and clinical efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 in humans. In this study, we report the correlates of durability of humoral and cellular immune responses in 20 rhesus macaques immunized with single-shot Ad26.COV2.S and the immunogenicity of a booster shot at 8 to 10 months after the initial immunization. Ad26.COV2.S elicited durable binding and neutralizing antibodies as well as memory B cells and long-lived bone marrow plasma cells. Innate immune responses and bone marrow plasma cell responses correlated with durable antibody responses. After Ad26.COV2.S boost immunization, binding and neutralizing antibody responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants increased 31- to 69-fold and 23- to 43-fold, respectively, compared with preboost concentrations. Antigen-specific B cell and T cell responses also increased substantially after the boost immunization. Boosting with a modified Ad26.COV2.S.351 vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein from the beta variant led to largely comparable responses with slightly higher beta- and omicron-specific humoral immune responses. These data demonstrate that a late boost with Ad26.COV2.S or Ad26.COV2.S.351 resulted in a marked increase in humoral and cellular immune responses that were highly cross-reactive across multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan He
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Malika Aid
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Frank Wegmann
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jenny S. Maron
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Huahua Wan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Daniel Sellers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michelle Lifton
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sarah Gardner
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Esther A. Bondzie
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Julia Barrett
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kunza Ahmad
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tochi Anioke
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Galit Alter
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hanneke Schuitemaker
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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15
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Hagerty C, Gardner S, Kroese DR, Yin C, Paulitz TC, Pscheidt JW. Occurrence of Mummy Berry Associated with Huckleberry ( Vaccinium membranaceum) Caused by Monilinia spp. in Oregon. Plant Dis 2022; 106:357-359. [PMID: 34340566 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-21-0691-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this Short Communication we describe the occurrence of mummy berry associated with huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum) caused by Monilinia spp. in Oregon. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Monilinia spp. associated with mummy berry of huckleberry in Oregon. Sequence data from our specimens reveal the closest identity was Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, a pathogen of commercial blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). This may be a new species of Monilinia, not previously reported on huckleberry, and further investigation is needed. Of specific importance, the huckleberry holds cultural importance as a sacred First Food of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation and other Pacific Northwest tribes. Although plant pathogen management in natural landscapes presents unique challenges, we will work with tribal authorities to determine whether cultural management techniques may mitigate yield loss due to Monilinia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hagerty
- Columbia Basin Agriculture Research Center, Oregon State University, Adams, OR 97810
| | | | - Duncan R Kroese
- Columbia Basin Agriculture Research Center, Oregon State University, Adams, OR 97810
| | - Chuntao Yin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | | | - Jay W Pscheidt
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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16
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Yu J, Collins ND, Mercado NB, McMahan K, Chandrashekar A, Liu J, Anioke T, Chang A, Giffin VM, Hope DL, Sellers D, Nampanya F, Gardner S, Barrett J, Wan H, Velasco J, Teow E, Cook A, Van Ry A, Pessaint L, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Hofer C, Burke DS, Barkei EK, King HAD, Subra C, Bolton D, Modjarrad K, Michael NL, Barouch DH. Protective Efficacy of Gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 Delivery against Intranasal and Intratracheal SARS-CoV-2 Challenge in Rhesus Macaques. J Virol 2022; 96:e0159921. [PMID: 34705557 PMCID: PMC8791250 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01599-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Live oral vaccines have been explored for their protective efficacy against respiratory viruses, particularly for adenovirus serotypes 4 and 7. The potential of a live oral vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), however, remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the immunogenicity of live SARS-CoV-2 delivered to the gastrointestinal tract in rhesus macaques and its protective efficacy against intranasal and intratracheal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Postpyloric administration of SARS-CoV-2 by esophagogastroduodenoscopy resulted in limited virus replication in the gastrointestinal tract and minimal to no induction of mucosal antibody titers in rectal swabs, nasal swabs, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Low levels of serum neutralizing antibodies were induced and correlated with modestly diminished viral loads in nasal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following intranasal and intratracheal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Overall, our data show that postpyloric inoculation of live SARS-CoV-2 is weakly immunogenic and confers partial protection against respiratory SARS-CoV-2 challenge in rhesus macaques. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 remains a global threat, despite the rapid deployment but limited coverage of multiple vaccines. Alternative vaccine strategies that have favorable manufacturing timelines, greater ease of distribution, and improved coverage may offer significant public health benefits, especially in resource-limited settings. Live oral vaccines have the potential to address some of these limitations; however, no studies have yet been conducted to assess the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a live oral vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we report that oral administration of live SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates may offer prophylactic benefits, but the formulation and route of administration will require further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Noe B. Mercado
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tochi Anioke
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aiquan Chang
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victoria M. Giffin
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David L. Hope
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Sellers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Felix Nampanya
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Gardner
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julia Barrett
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Huahua Wan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Hofer
- Veterinary Services Program, Center for Enabling Capabilities, Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Donald S. Burke
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erica K. Barkei
- Veterinary Services Program, Center for Enabling Capabilities, Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Hannah A. D. King
- Henry Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline Subra
- Henry Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane Bolton
- Henry Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Military HIV Research Program, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Tostanoski LH, Chandrashekar A, Patel S, Yu J, Jacob-Dolan C, Chang A, Powers OC, Sellers D, Gardner S, Barrett J, Sanborn O, Stephenson KE, Ansel JL, Jaegle K, Seaman MS, Porto M, Lok M, Spence B, Cayer K, Nase D, Holman S, Bradette H, Kar S, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Cox F, Tolboom JTBM, de Groot AM, Heerwegh D, Le Gars M, Sadoff J, Wegmann F, Zahn RC, Schuitemaker H, Barouch DH. Passive transfer of Ad26.COV2.S-elicited IgG from humans attenuates SARS-CoV-2 disease in hamsters. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:2. [PMID: 35013325 PMCID: PMC8748674 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies, elicited either by natural infection or vaccination, have emerged as potential correlates of protection. An important question, however, is whether vaccine-elicited antibodies in humans provide direct, functional protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease. In this study, we explored directly the protective efficacy of human antibodies elicited by Ad26.COV2.S vaccination by adoptive transfer studies. IgG from plasma of Ad26.COV2.S vaccinated individuals was purified and transferred into naïve golden Syrian hamster recipients, followed by intra-nasal challenge of the hamsters with SARS-CoV-2. IgG purified from Ad26.COV2.S-vaccinated individuals provided dose-dependent protection in the recipient hamsters from weight loss following challenge. In contrast, IgG purified from placebo recipients provided no protection in this adoptive transfer model. Attenuation of weight loss correlated with binding and neutralizing antibody titers of the passively transferred IgG. This study suggests that Ad26.COV2.S-elicited antibodies in humans are mechanistically involved in protection against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Tostanoski
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shivani Patel
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aiquan Chang
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia C Powers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Sellers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Gardner
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Barrett
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Owen Sanborn
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Stephenson
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica L Ansel
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate Jaegle
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Freek Cox
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Jerald Sadoff
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Wegmann
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roland C Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Collier ARY, Yu J, McMahan K, Liu J, Chandrashekar A, Maron JS, Atyeo C, Martinez DR, Ansel JL, Aguayo R, Rowe M, Jacob-Dolan C, Sellers D, Barrett J, Ahmad K, Anioke T, VanWyk H, Gardner S, Powers O, Bondzie EA, Wan H, Baric RS, Alter G, Hacker MR, Barouch DH. Differential Kinetics of Immune Responses Elicited by Covid-19 Vaccines. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:2010-2012. [PMID: 34648703 PMCID: PMC8531985 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jinyan Liu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jenny S Maron
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kunza Ahmad
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Tochi Anioke
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Haley VanWyk
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Huahua Wan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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19
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Chandrashekar A, Liu J, Yu J, McMahan K, Tostanoski LH, Jacob-Dolan C, Mercado NB, Anioke T, Chang A, Gardner S, Giffin VM, Hope DL, Nampanya F, Patel S, Sanborn O, Sellers D, Wan H, Martinot AJ, Baczenas JJ, O’Connor SL, Pessaint L, Valentin D, Espina B, Wattay L, Ferrari MG, Brown R, Cook A, Bueno-Wilkerson D, Teow E, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Barouch DH. Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 partially protects rhesus macaques against reinfection with B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabj2641. [PMID: 34546094 PMCID: PMC8829873 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that result in increased transmissibility and partial evasion of neutralizing antibodies have recently emerged. Whether natural immunity induced by the original SARS-CoV-2 WA1/2020 strain protects against rechallenge with these SARS-CoV-2 variants remains a critical unresolved question. In this study, we show that natural immunity induced by the WA1/2020 strain leads to partial but incomplete protection against the SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.351 (beta) in rhesus macaques. We challenged rhesus macaques with B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 and showed that infection with these variants resulted in high viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract. We then infected rhesus macaques with the WA1/2020 strain and rechallenged them on day 35 with the WA1/2020, B.1.1.7, or B.1.351 variants. Natural immunity to WA1/2020 led to robust protection against rechallenge with WA1/2020 but only partial protection against rechallenge with B.1.351. An intermediate degree of protection was observed in rhesus macaques against rechallenge with B.1.1.7. These data demonstrate partial but incomplete protective efficacy of natural immunity induced by WA1/2020 against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Our findings have important implications for both vaccination and public health strategies in the context of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lisa H. Tostanoski
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noe B. Mercado
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tochi Anioke
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aiquan Chang
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Gardner
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Victoria M. Giffin
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David L. Hope
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Felix Nampanya
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shivani Patel
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Owen Sanborn
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Daniel Sellers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Huahua Wan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amanda J. Martinot
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - John J. Baczenas
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center and University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Shelby L. O’Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center and University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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20
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Atkin L, Bullock L, Chadwick P, Elwell R, Gardner S, Goodwin T, Hopkins A, O'Connor C, Sneddon M, Wiles K, Williams K. Making Legs Matter: A Case for System Change and Transformation in Lower-Limb Management. J Wound Care 2021; 30:S1-S25. [PMID: 34756097 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2021.30.sup11.s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This consensus document is endorsed by The Queen's Nursing Institute (QNI) and The Queen's Nursing Institute Scotland (QNIS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Atkin
- Legs Matter Chair; Vascular Nurse Consultant, Mid Yorks NHS Trust/University of Huddersfield, UK
| | - Lynn Bullock
- PA to Ellie Lindsay, The Lindsay Leg Club Foundation, UK
| | - Paul Chadwick
- National Clinical Director, The College of Podiatry, UK
| | - Rebecca Elwell
- Macmillan Lymphoedema ANP and Team Leader, Lymphoedema Clinic, Royal Stoke University Hospital, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Margaret Sneddon
- Honorary Senior Research Fellow, University of Glasgow; Chair, British Lymphology Society, UK
| | | | - Kate Williams
- Tissue Viability Nurse, Leeds Community Health NHS Trust, UK
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21
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Pham AD, Vaz K, Ardalan ZS, Sinclair M, Apostolov R, Gardner S, Majeed A, Mishra G, Kam NM, Patwala K, Kutaiba N, Arachchi N, Bell S, Dev AT, Lubel JS, Nicoll AJ, Sood S, Kemp W, Roberts SK, Fink M, Testro AG, Angus PW, Gow PJ. Clinical outcomes of patients with two small hepatocellular carcinomas. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1439-1449. [PMID: 34786178 PMCID: PMC8568581 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i10.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of single small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is straightforward with curative outcomes achieved by locoregional therapy or resection. Liver transplantation is often considered for multiple small or single large HCC. Management of two small HCC whether presenting synchronously or sequentially is less clear.
AIM To define the outcomes of patients presenting with two small HCC.
METHODS Retrospective review of HCC databases from multiple institutions of patients with either two synchronous or sequential HCC ≤ 3 cm between January 2000 and March 2018. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and transplant-free survival (TFS).
RESULTS 104 patients were identified (male n = 89). Median age was 63 years (interquartile range 58-67.75) and the most common aetiology of liver disease was hepatitis C (40.4%). 59 (56.7%) had synchronous HCC and 45 (43.3%) had sequential. 36 patients died (34.6%) and 25 were transplanted (24.0%). 1, 3 and 5-year OS was 93.0%, 66.1% and 62.3% and 5-year post-transplant survival was 95.8%. 1, 3 and 5-year TFS was 82.1%, 45.85% and 37.8%. When synchronous and sequential groups were compared, OS (1,3 and 5 year synchronous 91.3%, 63.8%, 61.1%, sequential 95.3%, 69.5%, 64.6%, P = 0.41) was similar but TFS was higher in the sequential group (1,3 and 5 year synchronous 68.5%, 37.3% and 29.7%, sequential 93.2%, 56.6%, 48.5%, P = 0.02) though this difference did not remain during multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSION TFS in patients presenting with two HCC ≤ 3 cm is poor regardless of the timing of the second tumor. All patients presenting with two small HCC should be considered for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Duy Pham
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karl Vaz
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zaid S Ardalan
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie Sinclair
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Apostolov
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Gardner
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ammar Majeed
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gauri Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ning Mao Kam
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kurvi Patwala
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Numan Kutaiba
- Department of Radiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Eastern Health, Box Hill 3128, Victoria, Australia
| | - Niranjan Arachchi
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Western Health, Footscray 3011, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally Bell
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anouk T Dev
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - John S Lubel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda J Nicoll
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Box Hill 3128, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siddharth Sood
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Kemp
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart K Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Fink
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam G Testro
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter W Angus
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J Gow
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
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Collier ARY, Brown CM, Mcmahan K, Yu J, Liu J, Jacob-Dolan C, Chandrashekar A, Tierney D, Ansel JL, Rowe M, Sellers D, Ahmad K, Aguayo R, Anioke T, Gardner S, Siamatu M, Bermudez Rivera L, Hacker MR, Madoff LC, Barouch DH. Immune Responses in Fully Vaccinated Individuals Following Breakthrough Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Provincetown, Massachusetts. medRxiv 2021:2021.10.18.21265113. [PMID: 34704104 PMCID: PMC8547536 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.18.21265113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cluster of over a thousand infections with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant was identified in a predominantly fully vaccinated population in Provincetown, Massachusetts in July 2021. Immune responses in breakthrough infections with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant remain to be defined. METHODS Humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed in 35 vaccinated individuals who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 in the Massachusetts Department of Public Health outbreak investigation. RESULTS Vaccinated individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated substantially higher antibody responses than vaccinated individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, including 28-fold higher binding antibody titers and 34-fold higher neutralizing antibody titers against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. Vaccinated individuals who tested positive also showed 4.4-fold higher Spike-specific CD8+ T cell responses against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant than vaccinated individuals who tested negative. CONCLUSIONS Fully vaccinated individuals developed robust anamnestic antibody and T cell responses following infection with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. These data suggest important immunologic benefits of vaccination in the context of breakthrough infections.
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Yu J, Tostanoski LH, Mercado NB, McMahan K, Liu J, Jacob-Dolan C, Chandrashekar A, Atyeo C, Martinez DR, Anioke T, Bondzie EA, Chang A, Gardner S, Giffin VM, Hope DL, Nampanya F, Nkolola J, Patel S, Sanborn O, Sellers D, Wan H, Hayes T, Bauer K, Pessaint L, Valentin D, Flinchbaugh Z, Brown R, Cook A, Bueno-Wilkerson D, Teow E, Andersen H, Lewis MG, Martinot AJ, Baric RS, Alter G, Wegmann F, Zahn R, Schuitemaker H, Barouch DH. Protective efficacy of Ad26.COV2.S against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 in macaques. Nature 2021; 596:423-427. [PMID: 34161961 PMCID: PMC8373608 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that partially evade neutralizing antibodies poses a threat to the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines1,2. The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine expresses a stabilized spike protein from the WA1/2020 strain of SARS-CoV-2, and has recently demonstrated protective efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 in humans in several geographical regions-including in South Africa, where 95% of sequenced viruses in cases of COVID-19 were the B.1.351 variant3. Here we show that Ad26.COV2.S elicits humoral and cellular immune responses that cross-react with the B.1.351 variant and protects against B.1.351 challenge in rhesus macaques. Ad26.COV2.S induced lower binding and neutralizing antibodies against B.1.351 as compared to WA1/2020, but elicited comparable CD8 and CD4 T cell responses against the WA1/2020, B.1.351, B.1.1.7, P.1 and CAL.20C variants. B.1.351 infection of control rhesus macaques resulted in higher levels of virus replication in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal swabs than did WA1/2020 infection. Ad26.COV2.S provided robust protection against both WA1/2020 and B.1.351, although we observed higher levels of virus in vaccinated macaques after B.1.351 challenge. These data demonstrate that Ad26.COV2.S provided robust protection against B.1.351 challenge in rhesus macaques. Our findings have important implications for vaccine control of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa H Tostanoski
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noe B Mercado
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine McMahan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Jacob-Dolan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David R Martinez
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tochi Anioke
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esther A Bondzie
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aiquan Chang
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Gardner
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria M Giffin
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David L Hope
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felix Nampanya
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Nkolola
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shivani Patel
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Owen Sanborn
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Sellers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huahua Wan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tammy Hayes
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Bauer
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amanda J Martinot
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Frank Wegmann
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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24
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Mullen C, Gardner S, Glazier DI, Kay SJD, Livingston K, Strakovsky II, Workman RL, Abt S, Achenbach P, Afzal F, Ahmed Z, Akondi CS, Annand JRM, Bashkanov M, Beck R, Biroth M, Borisov NS, Braghieri A, Briscoe WJ, Cividini F, Collicott C, Costanza S, Denig A, Dieterle M, Downie EJ, Drexler P, Fegan S, Ferretti-Bondy MI, Ghosal D, Gorodnov I, Gradl W, Günther M, Gurevic G, Heijkenskjöld L, Hornidge D, Huber GM, Jermann N, Kaeser A, Korolija M, Kashevarov VL, Krusche B, Kulikov VV, Lazarev A, Lutterer S, MacGregor IJD, Manley DM, Martel PP, Martemianov MA, Meier C, Miskimen R, Mocanu M, Mornacchi E, Neganov A, Oberle M, Ostrick M, Otte P, Paudyal D, Pedroni P, Powell A, Prakhov SN, Reicherz G, Ron G, Rostomyan T, Sfienti C, Sokhoyan V, Spieker K, Steffen O, Strub T, Supek I, Thiel A, Thiel M, Thomas A, Unverzagt M, Usov YA, Wagner S, Walford NK, Watts DP, Werthmüller D, Wettig J, Witthauer L, Wolfes M, Zachariou N. Single π 0 production off neutrons bound in deuteron with linearly polarized photons. Eur Phys J A Hadron Nucl 2021; 57:205. [PMID: 34720708 PMCID: PMC8550430 DOI: 10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The quasifree γ → d → π 0 n ( p ) photon beam asymmetry, Σ , has been measured at photon energies, E γ , from 390 to 610 MeV, corresponding to center of mass energy from 1.271 to 1.424 GeV, for the first time. The data were collected in the A2 hall of the MAMI electron beam facility with the Crystal Ball and TAPS calorimeters covering pion center-of-mass angles from 49 ∘ to 148 ∘ . In this kinematic region, polarization observables are sensitive to contributions from the Δ ( 1232 ) and N(1440) resonances. The extracted values of Σ have been compared to predictions based on partial-wave analyses (PWAs) of the existing pion photoproduction database. Our comparison includes the SAID, MAID and Bonn-Gatchina analyses; while a revised SAID fit, including the new Σ measurements, has also been performed. In addition, isospin symmetry is examined as a way to predict π 0 n photoproduction observables, based on fits to published data in the channels π 0 p , π + n and π - p .
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Mullen
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - S. Gardner
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - D. I. Glazier
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - S. J. D. Kay
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD UK
- Department of Physics, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - K. Livingston
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - I. I. Strakovsky
- Department of Physics, Institute for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052 USA
| | - R. L. Workman
- Department of Physics, Institute for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052 USA
| | - S. Abt
- Institut für Physik, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - P. Achenbach
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - F. Afzal
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Z. Ahmed
- Department of Physics, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2 Canada
| | | | - J. R. M. Annand
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - M. Bashkanov
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, Y010 5DD UK
| | - R. Beck
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Biroth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - W. J. Briscoe
- Department of Physics, Institute for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052 USA
| | - F. Cividini
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C. Collicott
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - A. Denig
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Dieterle
- Institut für Physik, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - E. J. Downie
- Department of Physics, Institute for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052 USA
| | - P. Drexler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Fegan
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, Y010 5DD UK
| | - M. I. Ferretti-Bondy
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Ghosal
- Institut für Physik, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - W. Gradl
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Günther
- Institut für Physik, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - G. Gurevic
- Institute for Nuclear Research, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - L. Heijkenskjöld
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Hornidge
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L3B5 Canada
| | - G. M. Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - N. Jermann
- Institut für Physik, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A. Kaeser
- Institut für Physik, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M. Korolija
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V. L. Kashevarov
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- JINR, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - B. Krusche
- Institut für Physik, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - V. V. Kulikov
- NRC “Kurchatov Institute”-ITEP, 117218 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Lazarev
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Lutterer
- Institut für Physik, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - I. J. D. MacGregor
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | | | - P. P. Martel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - C. Meier
- Institut für Physik, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - R. Miskimen
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - M. Mocanu
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, Y010 5DD UK
| | - E. Mornacchi
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - M. Oberle
- Institut für Physik, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M. Ostrick
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P. Otte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Paudyal
- Department of Physics, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - P. Pedroni
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Powell
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - S. N. Prakhov
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - G. Reicherz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - G. Ron
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - T. Rostomyan
- Institut für Physik, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - C. Sfienti
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V. Sokhoyan
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K. Spieker
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - O. Steffen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Th. Strub
- Institut für Physik, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - I. Supek
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A. Thiel
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Thiel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Thomas
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Unverzagt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - S. Wagner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N. K. Walford
- Institut für Physik, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D. P. Watts
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, Y010 5DD UK
| | - D. Werthmüller
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ UK
| | - J. Wettig
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L. Witthauer
- Institut für Physik, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M. Wolfes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N. Zachariou
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, Y010 5DD UK
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25
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Arévalo L, Gardner S, Campbell P. Haldane's rule in the placenta: Sex-biased misregulation of the Kcnq1 imprinting cluster in hybrid mice. Evolution 2020; 75:86-100. [PMID: 33215684 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid phenotypes that contribute to postzygotic reproductive isolation often exhibit pronounced asymmetry, both between reciprocal crosses and between the sexes in accordance with Haldane's rule. Inviability in mammalian hybrids is associated with parent-of-origin placental growth abnormalities for which misregulation of imprinted gene (IGs) is the leading candidate mechanism. However, direct evidence for the involvement of IGs in hybrid growth dysplasia is limited. We used transcriptome and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing to conduct the first genome-scale assessment of the contribution of IGs to parent-of-origin placental growth dysplasia in the cross between the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) and the Algerian mouse (Mus spretus). IGs with transgressive expression and methylation were concentrated in the Kcnq1 cluster, which contains causal genes for prenatal growth abnormalities in mice and humans. Hypermethylation of the cluster's imprinting control region, and consequent misexpression of the genes Phlda2 and Ascl2, is a strong candidate mechanism for transgressive placental undergrowth. Transgressive placental and gene regulatory phenotypes, including expression and methylation in the Kcnq1 cluster, were more extreme in hybrid males. Although consistent with Haldane's rule, male-biased defects are unexpected in rodent placenta because the X-chromosome is effectively hemizygous in both sexes. In search of an explanation, we found evidence of leaky imprinted (paternal) X-chromosome inactivation in hybrid female placenta, an epigenetic disturbance that may buffer females from the effects of X-linked incompatibilities to which males are fully exposed. Sex differences in chromatin structure on the X and sex-biased maternal effects are nonmutually exclusive alternative explanations for adherence to Haldane's rule in hybrid placenta. The results of this study contribute to understanding the genetic basis of hybrid inviability in mammals, and the role of IGs in speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Arévalo
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078.,Current Address: Department of Developmental Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, DE-53127, Germany
| | - Sarah Gardner
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078.,Current Address: Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, 92521
| | - Polly Campbell
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078.,Current Address: Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, 92521
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Torrance M, Arrimada M, Gardner S. Child-level factors affecting rate of learning to write in first grade. Br J Educ Psychol 2020; 91:714-734. [PMID: 33236364 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Written composition requires handwriting, spelling, and text planning skills, all largely learned through school instruction. Students' rate of learning to compose text in their first months at school will depend, in part, on their literacy-related abilities at school start. These effects have not previously been explored. AIM We aimed to establish the effects of various literacy-related abilities on the learning trajectory of first-grade students as they are taught to write. SAMPLE 179 Spanish first-grade students (94 female, mean age 6.1 years) writing 3,512 texts. METHOD Students were assessed at start of school for spelling, transcription fluency, letter knowledge, phonological awareness, handwriting accuracy, word reading, and non-verbal reasoning. They were then taught under a curriculum that included researcher-designed instruction in handwriting, spelling, and ideation. Students' composition performance was probed at very regular intervals over their first 13 weeks at school. RESULTS Controlling for age, overall performance was predicted by spelling, transcription fluency, handwriting accuracy, word reading, and non-verbal reasoning. Most students showed rapid initial improvement, but then much slower learning. Weak spellers (and to a lesser extent less fluent hand-writers) showed weaker initial performance, but then steady improvement across the study period. CONCLUSION Transcription ability at school entry affects response to writing instruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Torrance
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - María Arrimada
- Departmento de Psicología, Sociología y Filosofía, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Sarah Gardner
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Gardner S. 'Trying to lead a normal life': why patients may fail to adhere to leg ulcer treatment. Br J Nurs 2020; 29:S4-S6. [PMID: 33180622 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2020.29.20.s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gardner
- Independent Tissue Viability Consultant, Legs Matter coalition member and Trustee of the Tissue Viability Society
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Gow P, Spelman T, Gardner S, Hellard M, Howell J. Estimates of the global reduction in liver disease-related mortality with increased coffee consumption: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Dataset. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 52:1195-1203. [PMID: 32794601 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data suggest that coffee has a dose-dependent protective effect on liver-related mortality. AIM To estimate the potential impact of increased per capita coffee consumption on global liver-related mortality. METHODS Using the Global Burden of Disease 2016 dataset (adults > 15 years), we modelled the impact of increased per capita coffee consumption on liver-related mortality in 2016 for 194 countries using published risk ratios for >2 cups coffee/ day (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.42-0.69) and ≥4 cups/ day (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.17-0.50), adjusted for confounders and tested model assumptions using sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Worldwide, there were an estimated 1,240,201 (95% CI 118 4300-1 354 410) adult liver-related deaths in 2016. Median global liver mortality rate in 2016 was 15 deaths/ 100 000 population/ year (all ages, both genders; IQR 11-21 deaths per 100 000). If all countries with per capita coffee intake ≤2 cups/ day increased to >2 cups/ day, the predicted total number of liver-related deaths would have been 630 947 in 2016 (95% CI 629 693-631 861) with 452 861 (95% CI 451 948-454 116) deaths averted (PPR 7.8 liver-related deaths/ 100 000/ year). If per capita consumption was ≥ 4 cups/ day, the predicted number of liver-related deaths in 2016 would have been 360 523 (95% CI 359 825-361 992) with 723 287 (95% CI 721 817-723 984) deaths averted (PPR 12.1 liver-related deaths/100 000/year). CONCLUSION Increasing per capita coffee consumption to > 2 cups per day on a population level has the potential to avert hundreds of thousands of liver-related deaths annually if the impact of coffee on liver-related mortality is confirmed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gow
- Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Tim Spelman
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Sarah Gardner
- Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Centre for Disease Prevention and Epidemiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jessica Howell
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Disease Elimination, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Dieterle M, Witthauer L, Fix A, Abt S, Achenbach P, Adlarson P, Afzal F, Aguar Bartolome P, Ahmed Z, Annand JRM, Arends HJ, Bashkanov M, Beck R, Biroth M, Borisov N, Braghieri A, Briscoe WJ, Cividini F, Collicott C, Costanza S, Denig A, Dolzhikov AS, Downie EJ, Drexler P, Gardner S, Ghosal D, Glazier DI, Gorodnov I, Gradl W, Günther M, Gurevich D, Heijkenskjöld L, Hornidge D, Huber GM, Käser A, Kashevarov VL, Kay S, Keshelashvili I, Kondratiev R, Korolija M, Krusche B, Lazarev A, Lisin V, Livingston K, Lutterer S, MacGregor IJD, Manley DM, Martel PP, Metag V, Meyer W, Middleton DG, Miskimen R, Mornacchi E, Mullen C, Mushkarenkov A, Neganov A, Neiser A, Oberle M, Ostrick M, Otte PB, Paudyal D, Pedroni P, Polonski A, Powell A, Prakhov SN, Reicherz G, Ron G, Rostomyan T, Sarty A, Sfienti C, Sokhoyan V, Spieker K, Steffen O, Strakovsky II, Strub T, Supek I, Thiel A, Thiel M, Thomas A, Unverzagt M, Usov YA, Wagner S, Walford NK, Watts DP, Werthmüller D, Wettig J, Wolfes M, Zana LA. Helicity-Dependent Cross Sections for the Photoproduction of π^{0} Pairs from Nucleons. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:062001. [PMID: 32845675 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.062001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The double-polarization observable E and helicity-dependent cross sections σ_{1/2}, σ_{3/2} have been measured for the photoproduction of π^{0} pairs off quasifree protons and neutrons at the Mainz MAMI accelerator with the Crystal Ball/TAPS setup. A circularly polarized photon beam was produced by bremsstrahlung from longitudinally polarized electrons and impinged on a longitudinally polarized deuterated butanol target. The reaction products were detected with an almost 4π covering calorimeter. The results reveal for the first time the helicity- and isospin-dependent structure of the γN→Nπ^{0}π^{0} reaction. They are compared to predictions from reaction models in view of nucleon resonance contributions and also to a refit of one model that predicted results for the proton and for the neutron target. The comparison of the prediction and the refit demonstrates the large impact of the new data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dieterle
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Witthauer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Fix
- Laboratory of Mathematical Physics, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
| | - S Abt
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Achenbach
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Adlarson
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Afzal
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - P Aguar Bartolome
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Z Ahmed
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S-0A2 Canada
| | - J R M Annand
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H J Arends
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Bashkanov
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - R Beck
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Biroth
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Borisov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - A Braghieri
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - W J Briscoe
- Center for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - F Cividini
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Collicott
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, E4L1E6 Halifax, Canada
| | - S Costanza
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Denig
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A S Dolzhikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - E J Downie
- Center for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - P Drexler
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S Gardner
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Ghosal
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D I Glazier
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - I Gorodnov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - W Gradl
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Günther
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Gurevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - L Heijkenskjöld
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Hornidge
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L1E6, Canada
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S-0A2 Canada
| | - A Käser
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - V L Kashevarov
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - S Kay
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - I Keshelashvili
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Kondratiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Korolija
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - B Krusche
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Lazarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - V Lisin
- Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - K Livingston
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Lutterer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - I J D MacGregor
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D M Manley
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - P P Martel
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L3B5, Canada
| | - V Metag
- II. Physikalisches Institut, University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - W Meyer
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Ruhr Universität, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D G Middleton
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L3B5, Canada
| | - R Miskimen
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - E Mornacchi
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Mullen
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Mushkarenkov
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - A Neganov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - A Neiser
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Oberle
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Ostrick
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P B Otte
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Paudyal
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S-0A2 Canada
| | - P Pedroni
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Polonski
- Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Powell
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S N Prakhov
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - G Reicherz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Ruhr Universität, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - G Ron
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - T Rostomyan
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Sarty
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, E4L1E6 Halifax, Canada
| | - C Sfienti
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Sokhoyan
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Spieker
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - O Steffen
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - I I Strakovsky
- Center for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - T Strub
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Supek
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Thiel
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Thiel
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Thomas
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Unverzagt
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yu A Usov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - S Wagner
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N K Walford
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D P Watts
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Werthmüller
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Wettig
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Wolfes
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L A Zana
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
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McLean KA, Ahmed WUR, Akhbari M, Claireaux HA, English C, Frost J, Henshall DE, Khan M, Kwek I, Nicola M, Rehman S, Varghese S, Drake TM, Bell S, Nepogodiev D, McLean KA, Drake TM, Glasbey JC, Borakati A, Drake TM, Kamarajah S, McLean KA, Bath MF, Claireaux HA, Gundogan B, Mohan M, Deekonda P, Kong C, Joyce H, Mcnamee L, Woin E, Burke J, Khatri C, Fitzgerald JE, Harrison EM, Bhangu A, Nepogodiev D, Arulkumaran N, Bell S, Duthie F, Hughes J, Pinkney TD, Prowle J, Richards T, Thomas M, Dynes K, Patel M, Patel P, Wigley C, Suresh R, Shaw A, Klimach S, Jull P, Evans D, Preece R, Ibrahim I, Manikavasagar V, Smith R, Brown FS, Deekonda P, Teo R, Sim DPY, Borakati A, Logan AE, Barai I, Amin H, Suresh S, Sethi R, Bolton W, Corbridge O, Horne L, Attalla M, Morley R, Robinson C, Hoskins T, McAllister R, Lee S, Dennis Y, Nixon G, Heywood E, Wilson H, Ng L, Samaraweera S, Mills A, Doherty C, Woin E, Belchos J, Phan V, Chouari T, Gardner T, Goergen N, Hayes JDB, MacLeod CS, McCormack R, McKinley A, McKinstry S, Milligan W, Ooi L, Rafiq NM, Sammut T, Sinclair E, Smith M, Baker C, Boulton APR, Collins J, Copley HC, Fearnhead N, Fox H, Mah T, McKenna J, Naruka V, Nigam N, Nourallah B, Perera S, Qureshi A, Saggar S, Sun L, Wang X, Yang DD, Caroll P, Doyle C, Elangovan S, Falamarzi A, Perai KG, Greenan E, Jain D, Lang-Orsini M, Lim S, O'Byrne L, Ridgway P, Van der Laan S, Wong J, Arthur J, Barclay J, Bradley P, Edwin C, Finch E, Hayashi E, Hopkins M, Kelly D, Kelly M, McCartan N, Ormrod A, Pakenham A, Hayward J, Hitchen C, Kishore A, Martins T, Philomen J, Rao R, Rickards C, Burns N, Copeland M, Durand C, Dyal A, Ghaffar A, Gidwani A, Grant M, Gribbon C, Gruhn A, Leer M, Ahmad K, Beattie G, Beatty M, Campbell G, Donaldson G, Graham S, Holmes D, Kanabar S, Liu H, McCann C, Stewart R, Vara S, Ajibola-Taylor O, Andah EJE, Ani C, Cabdi NMO, Ito G, Jones M, Komoriyama A, Patel P, Titu L, Basra M, Gallogly P, Harinath G, Leong SH, Pradhan A, Siddiqui I, Zaat S, Ali A, Galea M, Looi WL, Ng JCK, Atkin G, Azizi A, Cargill Z, China Z, Elliot J, Jebakumar R, Lam J, Mudalige G, Onyerindu C, Renju M, Babu VS, Hussain M, Joji N, Lovett B, Mownah H, Ali B, Cresswell B, Dhillon AK, Dupaguntla YS, Hungwe C, Lowe-Zinola JD, Tsang JCH, Bevan K, Cardus C, Duggal A, Hossain S, McHugh M, Scott M, Chan F, Evans R, Gurung E, Haughey B, Jacob-Ramsdale B, Kerr M, Lee J, McCann E, O'Boyle K, Reid N, Hayat F, Hodgson S, Johnston R, Jones W, Khan M, Linn T, Long S, Seetharam P, Shaman S, Smart B, Anilkumar A, Davies J, Griffith J, Hughes B, Islam Y, Kidanu D, Mushaini N, Qamar I, Robinson H, Schramm M, Tan CY, Apperley H, Billyard C, Blazeby JM, Cannon SP, Carse S, Göpfert A, Loizidou A, Parkin J, Sanders E, Sharma S, Slade G, Telfer R, Huppatz IW, Worley E, Chandramoorthy L, Friend C, Harris L, Jain P, Karim MJ, Killington K, McGillicuddy J, Rafferty C, Rahunathan N, Rayne T, Varathan Y, Verma N, Zanichelli D, Arneill M, Brown F, Campbell B, Crozier L, Henry J, McCusker C, Prabakaran P, Wilson R, Asif U, Connor M, Dindyal S, Math N, Pagarkar A, Saleem H, Seth I, Sharma S, Standfield N, Swartbol T, Adamson R, Choi JE, El Tokhy O, Ho W, Javaid NR, Kelly M, Mehdi AS, Menon D, Plumptre I, Sturrock S, Turner J, Warren O, Crane E, Ferris B, Gadsby C, Smallwood J, Vipond M, Wilson V, Amarnath T, Doshi A, Gregory C, Kandiah K, Powell B, Spoor H, Toh C, Vizor R, Common M, Dunleavy K, Harris S, Luo C, Mesbah Z, Kumar AP, Redmond A, Skulsky S, Walsh T, Daly D, Deery L, Epanomeritakis E, Harty M, Kane D, Khan K, Mackey R, McConville J, McGinnity K, Nixon G, Ang A, Kee JY, Leung E, Norman S, Palaniappan SV, Sarathy PP, Yeoh T, Frost J, Hazeldine P, Jones L, Karbowiak M, Macdonald C, Mutarambirwa A, Omotade A, Runkel M, Ryan G, Sawers N, Searle C, Suresh S, Vig S, Ahmad A, McGartland R, Sim R, Song A, Wayman J, Brown R, Chang LH, Concannon K, Crilly C, Arnold TJ, Burgin A, Cadden F, Choy CH, Coleman M, Lim D, Luk J, Mahankali-Rao P, Prudence-Taylor AJ, Ramakrishnan D, Russell J, Fawole A, Gohil J, Green B, Hussain A, McMenamin L, McMenamin L, Tang M, Azmi F, Benchetrit S, Cope T, Haque A, Harlinska A, Holdsworth R, Ivo T, Martin J, Nisar T, Patel A, Sasapu K, Trevett J, Vernet G, Aamir A, Bird C, Durham-Hall A, Gibson W, Hartley J, May N, Maynard V, Johnson S, Wood CM, O'Brien M, Orbell J, Stringfellow TD, Tenters F, Tresidder S, Cheung W, Grant A, Tod N, Bews-Hair M, Lim ZH, Lim SW, Vella-Baldacchino M, Auckburally S, Chopada A, Easdon S, Goodson R, McCurdie F, Narouz M, Radford A, Rea E, Taylor O, Yu T, Alfa-Wali M, Amani L, Auluck I, Bruce P, Emberton J, Kumar R, Lagzouli N, Mehta A, Murtaza A, Raja M, Dennahy IS, Frew K, Given A, He YY, Karim MA, MacDonald E, McDonald E, McVinnie D, Ng SK, Pettit A, Sim DPY, Berthaume-Hawkins SD, Charnley R, Fenton K, Jones D, Murphy C, Ng JQ, Reehal R, Robinson H, Seraj SS, Shang E, Tonks A, White P, Yeo A, Chong P, Gabriel R, Patel N, Richardson E, Symons L, Aubrey-Jones D, Dawood S, Dobrzynska M, Faulkner S, Griffiths 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P, Tam J, Elias J, Ngaage M, Thompson J, Bristow S, Brock E, Davis H, Pantelidou M, Sathiyakeerthy A, Singh K, Chaudhry A, Dickson G, Glen P, Gregoriou K, Hamid H, Mclean A, Mehtaji P, Neophytou G, Potts S, Belgaid DR, Burke J, Durno J, Ghailan N, Hanson M, Henshaw V, Nazir UR, Omar I, Riley BJ, Roberts J, Smart G, Van Winsen K, Bhatti A, Chan M, D'Auria M, Green S, Keshvala C, Li H, Maxwell-Armstrong C, Michaelidou M, Simmonds L, Smith C, Wimalathasan A, Abbas J, Cairns C, Chin YR, Connelly A, Moug S, Nair A, Svolkinas D, Coe P, Subar D, Wang H, Zaver V, Brayley J, Cookson P, Cunningham L, Gaukroger A, Ho M, Hough A, King J, O'Hagan D, Widdison A, Brown R, Brown B, Chavan A, Francis S, Hare L, Lund J, Malone N, Mavi B, McIlwaine A, Rangarajan S, Abuhussein N, Campbell HS, Daniels J, Fitzgerald I, Mansfield S, Pendrill A, Robertson D, Smart YW, Teng T, Yates J, Belgaumkar A, Katira A, Kossoff J, Kukran S, Laing C, Mathew B, Mohamed T, Myers S, Novell R, Phillips BL, Thomas M, Turlejski 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Cummings D, Kershaw S, Ong J, Reid F, Toellner H, Alwandi A, Amer M, George D, Haynes K, Hughes K, Peakall L, Premakumar Y, Punjabi N, Ramwell A, Sawkins H, Ashwood J, Baker A, Baron C, Bhide I, Blake E, De Cates C, Esmail R, Hosamuddin H, Kapp J, Nguru N, Raja M, Thomson F, Ahmed H, Aishwarya G, Al-Huneidi R, Ali S, Aziz R, Burke D, Clarke B, Kausar A, Maskill D, Mecia L, Myers L, Smith ACD, Walker G, Wroe N, Donohoe C, Gibbons D, Jordan P, Keogh C, Kiely A, Lalor P, McCrohan M, Powell C, Foley MP, Reynolds J, Silke E, Thorpe O, Kong JTH, White C, Ali Q, Dalrymple J, Ge Y, Khan H, Luo RS, Paine H, Paraskeva B, Parker L, Pillai K, Salciccioli J, Selvadurai S, Sonagara V, Springford LR, Tan L, Appleton S, Leadholm N, Zhang Y, Ahern D, Cotter M, Cremen S, Durrigan T, Flack V, Hrvacic N, Jones H, Jong B, Keane K, O'Connell PR, O'sullivan J, Pek G, Shirazi S, Barker C, Brown A, Carr W, Chen Y, Guillotte C, Harte J, Kokayi A, Lau K, McFarlane S, Morrison S, Broad J, Kenefick N, Makanji D, 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Livesey C, McLachlan G, Mohammad M, Pranesh N, Richards C, Ross F, Sajid M, Brooke M, Francombe J, Gresly J, Hutchinson S, Kerrigan K, Matthews E, Nur S, Parsons L, Sandhu A, Vyas M, White F, Zulkifli A, Zuzarte L, Al-Mousawi A, Arya J, Azam S, Yahaya AA, Gill K, Hallan R, Hathaway C, Leptidis I, McDonagh L, Mitrasinovic S, Mushtaq N, Pang N, Peiris GB, Rinkoff S, Chan L, Christopher E, Farhan-Alanie MMH, Gonzalez-Ciscar A, Graham CJ, Lim H, McLean KA, Paterson HM, Rogers A, Roy C, Rutherford D, Smith F, Zubikarai G, Al-Khudairi R, Bamford M, Chang M, Cheng J, Hedley C, Joseph R, Mitchell B, Perera S, Rothwell L, Siddiqui A, Smith J, Taylor K, Wright OW, Baryan HK, Boyd G, Conchie H, Cox L, Davies J, Gardner S, Hill N, Krishna K, Lakin F, Scotcher S, Alberts J, Asad M, Barraclough J, Campbell A, Marshall D, Wakeford W, Cronbach P, D'Souza F, Gammeri E, Houlton J, Hall M, Kethees A, Patel R, Perera M, Prowle J, Shaid M, Webb E, Beattie S, Chadwick M, El-Taji O, Haddad S, Mann M, Patel M, Popat K, Rimmer L, Riyat H, Smith H, Anandarajah C, Cipparrone M, Desai K, Gao C, Goh ET, Howlader M, Jeffreys N, Karmarkar A, Mathew G, Mukhtar H, Ozcan E, Renukanthan A, Sarens N, Sinha C, Woolley A, Bogle R, Komolafe O, Loo F, Waugh D, Zeng R, Crewe A, Mathias J, Mills A, Owen A, Prior A, Saunders I, Baker A, Crilly L, McKeon J, Ubhi HK, Adeogun A, Carr R, Davison C, Devalia S, Hayat A, Karsan RB, Osborne C, Scott K, Weegenaar C, Wijeyaratne M, Babatunde F, Barnor-Ahiaku E, Beattie G, Chitsabesan P, Dixon O, Hall N, Ilenkovan N, Mackrell T, Nithianandasivam N, Orr J, Palazzo F, Saad M, Sandland-Taylor L, Sherlock J, Ashdown T, Chandler S, Garsaa T, Lloyd J, Loh SY, Ng S, Perkins C, Powell-Chandler A, Smith F, Underhill R. Perioperative intravenous contrast administration and the incidence of acute kidney injury after major gastrointestinal surgery: prospective, multicentre cohort study. Br J Surg 2020; 107:1023-1032. [PMID: 32026470 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the impact of preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast for CT and the risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS This prospective, multicentre cohort study included adults undergoing gastrointestinal resection, stoma reversal or liver resection. Both elective and emergency procedures were included. Preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast was defined as exposure to contrast administered for the purposes of CT up to 7 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was the rate of AKI within 7 days. Propensity score-matched models were adjusted for patient, disease and operative variables. In a sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched model explored the association between preoperative exposure to contrast and AKI in the first 48 h after surgery. RESULTS A total of 5378 patients were included across 173 centres. Overall, 1249 patients (23·2 per cent) received intravenous contrast. The overall rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery was 13·4 per cent (718 of 5378). In the propensity score-matched model, preoperative exposure to contrast was not associated with AKI within 7 days (odds ratio (OR) 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·73 to 1·21; P = 0·669). The sensitivity analysis showed no association between preoperative contrast administration and AKI within 48 h after operation (OR 1·09, 0·84 to 1·41; P = 0·498). CONCLUSION There was no association between preoperative intravenous contrast administered for CT up to 7 days before surgery and postoperative AKI. Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy should not be used as a reason to avoid contrast-enhanced CT.
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Bashkanov M, Watts DP, Kay SJD, Abt S, Achenbach P, Adlarson P, Afzal F, Ahmed Z, Akondi CS, Annand JRM, Arends HJ, Beck R, Biroth M, Borisov N, Braghieri A, Briscoe WJ, Cividini F, Collicott C, Costanza S, Denig A, Downie EJ, Drexler P, Fegan S, Fix A, Gardner S, Ghosal D, Glazier DI, Gorodnov I, Gradl W, Günther M, Gurevich D, Heijkenskjöld L, Hornidge D, Huber GM, Käser A, Kashevarov VL, Korolija M, Krusche B, Lazarev A, Livingston K, Lutterer S, MacGregor IJD, Manley DM, Martel PP, Miskimen R, Mornacchi E, Mullen C, Neganov A, Neiser A, Ostrick M, Otte PB, Paudyal D, Pedroni P, Powell A, Prakhov SN, Ron G, Sarty A, Sfienti C, Sokhoyan V, Spieker K, Steffen O, Strakovsky II, Strub T, Supek I, Thiel A, Thiel M, Thomas A, Usov YA, Wagner S, Walford NK, Werthmüller D, Wettig J, Wolfes M, Zachariou N, Zana LA. Signatures of the d^{*}(2380) Hexaquark in d(γ,pn[over →]). Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:132001. [PMID: 32302204 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.132001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a measurement of the spin polarization of the recoiling neutron in deuterium photodisintegration, utilizing a new large acceptance polarimeter within the Crystal Ball at MAMI. The measured photon energy range of 300-700 MeV provides the first measurement of recoil neutron polarization at photon energies where the quark substructure of the deuteron plays a role, thereby providing important new constraints on photodisintegration mechanisms. A very high neutron polarization in a narrow structure centered around E_{γ}∼570 MeV is observed, which is inconsistent with current theoretical predictions employing nucleon resonance degrees of freedom. A Legendre polynomial decomposition suggests this behavior could be related to the excitation of the d^{*}(2380) hexaquark.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bashkanov
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - D P Watts
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - S J D Kay
- University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S0A2 Canada
| | - S Abt
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Achenbach
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Adlarson
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Afzal
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Z Ahmed
- University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S0A2 Canada
| | - C S Akondi
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - J R M Annand
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H J Arends
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Beck
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Biroth
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Borisov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - A Braghieri
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - W J Briscoe
- Center for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - F Cividini
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Collicott
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, E4L1E6 Halifax, Canada
| | - S Costanza
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A Denig
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - E J Downie
- Center for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - P Drexler
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S Fegan
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A Fix
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
| | - S Gardner
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Ghosal
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D I Glazier
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I Gorodnov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - W Gradl
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Günther
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Gurevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research, RU-125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - L Heijkenskjöld
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Hornidge
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L1E6, Canada
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S0A2 Canada
| | - A Käser
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - V L Kashevarov
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - M Korolija
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - B Krusche
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Lazarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - K Livingston
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Lutterer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - I J D MacGregor
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D M Manley
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - P P Martel
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L1E6, Canada
| | - R Miskimen
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - E Mornacchi
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Mullen
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Neganov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - A Neiser
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Ostrick
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P B Otte
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Paudyal
- University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S0A2 Canada
| | - P Pedroni
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Powell
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S N Prakhov
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - G Ron
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - A Sarty
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, E4L1E6 Halifax, Canada
| | - C Sfienti
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Sokhoyan
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Spieker
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - O Steffen
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - I I Strakovsky
- Center for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - T Strub
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Supek
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Thiel
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Thiel
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Thomas
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yu A Usov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - S Wagner
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N K Walford
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Ch-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Werthmüller
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - J Wettig
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Wolfes
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Zachariou
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - L A Zana
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
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Abstract
Background The UK Health and Safety Executive’s Stress Management Competency Framework and associated questionnaire, the Stress Management Competency Indicator Tool (SMCIT), address line managers’ behaviours across four competency areas. The application in policing remains unexplored. Aims This study profiled English police officers’ perception of their line managers’ competencies in the framework areas. The odds of experiencing poor mental wellbeing and work attitudes associated with having a line manager with a development need on each competency area were tested. Methods Two hundred and sixty-three police officers completed a survey comprising the SMCIT and measures of psychological distress, resilience and work engagement. Bivariate correlations were calculated to identify patterns of relationships between variables. Binary logistic regression analyses tested the odds of psychological distress caseness, low resilience and low work engagement being associated with officers’ perception of their line manager having a development need on the SMCIT criteria. Results Approximately half the participants reported their line manager had a development need on the ‘Managing and Communicating Existing and Future Work’, ‘Managing the Individual Within the Team’ and ‘Reasoning and Managing Difficult Situations’ competencies, and one quarter on the ‘Respectful and Responsible: Managing Emotions and Having Integrity’ competency. Officers’ rating of their line manager having a development need on the four competency areas was associated with up to four-fold elevated odds of each undesirable state. Conclusions The framework competency areas are relevant to English policing and offer a basis for stress reduction interventions targeted at line managers’ behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Houdmont
- Centre for Organizational Health and Development, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - L Jachens
- Department of Psychology, Webster University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Randall
- Institute for Work Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Colwell
- Devon and Cornwall Police, Exeter, UK
| | - S Gardner
- Devon and Cornwall Police Federation, Exeter, UK
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Russell D, Atkin L, Betts A, Dowsett C, Fatoye F, Gardner S, Green J, Manu C, McKenzie T, Meally H, Mitchell L, Mullings J, Odeyemi I, Sharpe A, Yeowell G, Devlin N. Using a modified Delphi methodology to gain consensus on the use of dressings in chronic wounds management. J Wound Care 2019; 27:156-165. [PMID: 29509111 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2018.27.3.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Managing chronic wounds is associated with a burden to patients, caregivers, health services and society and there is a lack of clarity regarding the role of dressings in improving outcomes. This study aimed to provide understanding on a range of topics, including: the definition of chronicity in wounds, the burden of illness, clinical outcomes of reducing healing time and the impact of early interventions on clinical and economic outcomes and the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in wound healing. METHOD A systematic review of the literature was carried out on the role of dressings in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), and venous leg ulcer (VLU) management strategies, their effectiveness, associated resource use/cost, and quality of life (QoL) impact on patients. From this evidence-base statements were written regarding chronicity in wounds, burden of illness, healing time, and the role of MMPs, early interventions and dressings. A modified Delphi methodology involving two iterations of email questionnaires followed by a face-to-face meeting was used to validate the statements, in order to arrive at a consensus for each. Clinical experts were selected, representing nurses, surgeons, podiatrists, academics, and policy experts. RESULTS In the first round, 38/47 statements reached or exceeded the consensus threshold of 80% and none were rejected. According to the protocol, any statement not confirmed or rejected had to be modified using the comments from participants and resubmitted. In the second round, 5/9 remaining statements were confirmed and none rejected, leaving 4 to discuss at the meeting. All final statements were confirmed with at least 80% consensus. CONCLUSION This modified Delphi panel sought to gain clarity from clinical experts surrounding the use of dressings in the management of chronic wounds. A full consensus statement was developed to help clinicians and policy makers improve the management of patients with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Russell
- Consultant Vascular Surgeon and Honorary Clinical Associate Professor, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - Leanne Atkin
- Vascular Nurse Specialist, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - April Betts
- Health Technology Assessment Project Manager, Manchester Metropolitan University
| | - Caroline Dowsett
- Nurse Consultant Tissue Viability, East London NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - Francis Fatoye
- Professor of Health Economics and Outcomes, Manchester Metropolitan University
| | - Sarah Gardner
- Clinical Lead, Tissue Viability, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Julie Green
- Senior Lecturer in Nursing, Director of Postgraduate Programmes, Keele University, School of Nursing and Midwifery
| | - Chris Manu
- Consultant Diabetologist and Clinical Researcher in Diabetic Foot, King's College Hospital, London
| | - Tracey McKenzie
- Head of Tissue Viability Services, Torbay and Southern Devon NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Helena Meally
- Hospital Podiatrist, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | - Julie Mullings
- Lead Tissue Viability Nurse, University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Isaac Odeyemi
- Visiting Professor of Health Technology Assessment and Health Policy, Manchester Metropolitan University
| | - Andrew Sharpe
- Advanced Podiatrist and Lecturer Practitioner, West Lancashire Community Service, Virgin Care and University of Huddersfield
| | - Gillian Yeowell
- MSc Advanced Physiotherapy Programme Leader, Manchester Metropolitan University
| | - Nancy Devlin
- Director of Research, Professor, Office of Health Economics, Victoria Street, London
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Jackson D, Hutchinson M, Neville S, Padula WV, Usher K, Gardner S, Betteridge R, Durrant L. Characteristics of people with pressure ulcers using one year's routinely collected data in a defined diverse community. J Wound Care 2019; 28:576-584. [PMID: 31513500 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2019.28.9.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if meaningful patient characteristics pertaining to pressure ulcers (PU) can be derived from routinely collected community health data. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis of records was carried out. To provide a detailed dataset on PU for the community of interest, demographic, general medical and PU data were extracted from mandatory incident reports and audit of electronic and paper medical records. This study is reported in accordance with the RECORD Guidelines from the Equator Network. Adult patients were enrolled from a district nursing service in the target region (n=1085) during 2015. The target region was based on a geographical region bounded by a single postcode district (target region) consisting of 62,000 people of whom approximately 50,000 were adults, 3000 of whom were aged >75 years. RESULTS The total number of recorded PUs was n=137 in 103 individuals. Data from mandatory incident reports was obtainable for nearly all variables. Electronic and paper medical records were less reliable due to missing data. CONCLUSION Detailed characteristics of community-dwelling PU patients can be derived from routinely collected data, and provides various forms and levels of information which could feed into different projects. The use of mandatory reporting fields increases the level of reporting and reduces missing data. Data enriched with information from electronic and paper records could inform the addition of variables to mandatory forms to improve characterisation of community dwellers with PUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Jackson
- 1 Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Australia.,2 Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | - William V Padula
- 1 Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Australia.,5 University of Southern California, US
| | - Kim Usher
- 6 University of New England, Australia
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Gardner S, Grindstaff JL, Campbell P. Placental genotype affects early postpartum maternal behaviour. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:190732. [PMID: 31598302 PMCID: PMC6774950 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian placenta is a source of endocrine signals that prime the onset of maternal care at parturition. While consequences of placental dysfunction for offspring growth are well defined, how altered placental signalling might affect maternal behaviour is unstudied in a natural system. In the cross between sympatric mouse species, Mus musculus domesticus and Mus spretus, hybrid placentas are undersized and show misexpression of genes critical to placental endocrine function. Using this cross, we quantified the effects of placental dysregulation on maternal and anxiety-like behaviours in mice that differed only in pregnancy type. Relative to mothers of conspecific litters, females exposed to hybrid placentas did not differ in anxiety-like behaviours but were slower to retrieve 1-day-old pups and spent less time in the nest on the night following parturition. Early deficits in maternal responsiveness were not explained by reduced ultrasonic vocalization production in hybrid pups and there was no effect of pup genotype on measures of maternal behaviour and physiology collected after the first 24 h postpartum. These results suggest that placental dysregulation leads to poor maternal priming, the effect of which is alleviated by continued exposure to pups. This study provides new insight into the placental mediation of mother-offspring interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gardner
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Author for correspondence: Sarah Gardner e-mail:
| | | | - Polly Campbell
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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Gordon SJ, Grimmer K, Bradley A, Direen T, Baker N, Marin T, Kelly MT, Gardner S, Steffens M, Burgess T, Hume C, Oliffe JL. Health assessments and screening tools for adults experiencing homelessness: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:994. [PMID: 31340786 PMCID: PMC6657068 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Homelessness is increasing globally. It results in poorer physical and mental health than age matched people living in permanent housing. Better information on the health needs of people experiencing homelessness is needed to inform effective resourcing, planning and service delivery by government and care organisations. The aim of this review was to identify assessment tools that are valid, reliable and appropriate to measure the health status of people who are homeless. Methods Data sources: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed (and Medline), PsychInfo, Scopus, CINAHL and ERIC from database inception until September 2018. Key words used were homeless, homelessness, homeless persons, vagrancy, health status, health, health issues, health assessment and health screening. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO. The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) hierarchy of evidence was applied; methodological quality of included articles was assessed using the McMaster critical appraisal tools and psychometric properties of the tools were appraised using the International Centre for Allied Health Evidence Ready Reckoner. Results Diverse tools and measures (N = 71) were administered within, and across the reviewed studies (N = 37), with the main focus being on general health, oral health and nutrition. Eleven assessment tools in 13 studies had evidence of appropriate psychometric testing for the target population in domains of quality of life and health status, injury, substance use, mental health, psychological and cognitive function. Methodological quality of articles and tools were assessed as moderate to good. No validated tools were identified to assess oral health, chronic conditions, anthropometry, demography, nutrition, continence, functional decline and frailty, or vision and hearing. However, assessments of physical constructs (such as oral health, anthropometry, vision and hearing) could be applied to homeless people on a presumption of validity, because the constructs would be measured with clinical indicators in the same manner as people living in permanent dwellings. Conclusions This review highlighted the need to develop consistent and comprehensive health assessment tools validated with, and tailored for, adults experiencing homelessness. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7234-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Gordon
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042.
| | - K Grimmer
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042.,Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch Uni, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Bradley
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042
| | - T Direen
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042
| | - N Baker
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042
| | - T Marin
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042
| | - M T Kelly
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - S Gardner
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
| | - M Steffens
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
| | - T Burgess
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
| | - C Hume
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
| | - J L Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Wilton J, Light L, Gardner S, Rachlis B, Conway T, Cooper C, Cupido P, Kendall CE, Loutfy M, McGee F, Murray J, Lush J, Rachlis A, Wobeser W, Bacon J, Kroch AE, Gilbert M, Rourke SB, Burchell AN. Late diagnosis, delayed presentation and late presentation among persons enrolled in a clinical HIV cohort in Ontario, Canada (1999-2013). HIV Med 2018; 20:110-120. [PMID: 30430742 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Timely HIV diagnosis and presentation to medical care are important for treatment and prevention. Our objective was to measure late diagnosis, delayed presentation and late presentation among individuals in the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study (OCS) who were newly diagnosed in Ontario. METHODS The OCS is a multi-site clinical cohort study of people living with HIV in Ontario, Canada. We measured prevalence of late diagnosis [CD4 count < 350 cells/μL or an AIDS-defining condition (ADC) within 3 months of HIV diagnosis], delayed presentation (≥ 3 months from HIV diagnosis to presentation to care), and late presentation (CD4 count < 350 cells/μL or ADC within 3 months of presentation). We identified characteristics associated with these outcomes and explored their overlap. RESULTS A total of 1819 OCS participants were newly diagnosed in Ontario from 1999 to 2013. Late diagnosis (53.0%) and presentation (54.0%) were common, and a quarter (23.1%) of participants were delayed presenters. In multivariable models, the participants of delayed presentation decreased over calendar time, but that of late diagnosis/presentation did not. Late diagnosis contributed to the majority (> 87%) of late presentation, and the prevalence of delayed presentation was similar among those diagnosed late versus early (13.4 versus 13.4%, respectively; P = 0.99). Characteristics associated with higher odds of late diagnosis/presentation in multivariable analyses included older age at diagnosis/presentation; African, Caribbean and Black race/ethnicity; Indigenous race/ethnicity; female sex; and being a male who did not report sex with men. There were lower odds of late diagnosis/presentation among participants who had ever injected drugs. In contrast, delayed presentation risk factors included younger age at diagnosis and having ever injected drugs. CONCLUSIONS Late presentation is common in Ontario, as it is in other high-income countries. Our findings suggest that efforts to reduce late presentation should focus on facilitating earlier diagnosis for the populations identified in this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wilton
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - L Light
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Gardner
- Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - B Rachlis
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Clinical Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - T Conway
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Canadian Positive People Network, Ottawa, Canada
| | - C Cooper
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - P Cupido
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - C E Kendall
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M Loutfy
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - F McGee
- AIDS Bureau, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Murray
- AIDS Bureau, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Lush
- AIDS Bureau, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Rachlis
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - W Wobeser
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.,Department of Public Health, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - J Bacon
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - A E Kroch
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Clinical Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Gilbert
- Clinical Prevention Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - S B Rourke
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A N Burchell
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Ott C, Gardner S, Joseph K, Berall A, Lavigne M, Simoni E. CORRELATION OF THE BRADEN SCALE AND COMORBIDITIES WITH PRESSURE INJURY PREVALENCE IN A GERIATRIC HOSPITAL. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jain A, Gardner S, Chitturi S, Aggarwal V. Octreotide as a bridge to definitive surgery in a patient with cirrhosis and a large spontaneous abdominal wall haematoma. Intern Med J 2018; 48:1273-1274. [PMID: 30288892 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Jain
- Canberra Hospital, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Sarah Gardner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Shivakumar Chitturi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Vipul Aggarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Keegan R, Grover LT, Patron D, Sugarman OK, Griffith K, Sonnier S, Springgate BF, Jumonville LC, Gardner S, Massey W, Miranda J, Chung B, Wells KB, Phillippi S, Trapido E, Ramirez A, Meyers D, Haywood C, Landry C, Wennerstrom A. Case Study of Resilient Baton Rouge: Applying Depression Collaborative Care and Community Planning to Disaster Recovery. IJERPH 2018; 15:E1208. [PMID: 29890659 PMCID: PMC6025623 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addressing behavioral health impacts of major disasters is a priority of increasing national attention, but there are limited examples of implementation strategies to guide new disaster responses. We provide a case study of an effort being applied in response to the 2016 Great Flood in Baton Rouge. METHODS Resilient Baton Rouge was designed to support recovery after major flooding by building local capacity to implement an expanded model of depression collaborative care for adults, coupled with identifying and responding to local priorities and assets for recovery. For a descriptive, initial evaluation, we coupled analysis of documents and process notes with descriptive surveys of participants in initial training and orientation, including preliminary comparisons among licensed and non-licensed participants to identify training priorities. RESULTS We expanded local behavioral health service delivery capacity through subgrants to four agencies, provision of training tailored to licensed and non-licensed providers and development of advisory councils and partnerships with grassroots and government agencies. We also undertook initial efforts to enhance national collaboration around post-disaster resilience. CONCLUSION Our partnered processes and lessons learned may be applicable to other communities that aim to promote resilience, as well as planning for and responding to post-disaster behavioral health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Keegan
- Resilient Baton Rouge, 100 North Street, Suite 900, Baton Rouge, LA 70802, USA.
| | - Leslie T Grover
- Resilient Baton Rouge, 100 North Street, Suite 900, Baton Rouge, LA 70802, USA.
| | - David Patron
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA David Geffin School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Olivia K Sugarman
- School of Medicine, Section of Community and Population Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 433 Bolivar St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Krystal Griffith
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA David Geffin School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Suzy Sonnier
- Executive Director, Baton Rouge Health District.
| | - Benjamin F Springgate
- School of Medicine, Section of Community and Population Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 433 Bolivar St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | | | - Sarah Gardner
- Baton Rouge Area Foundation, 100 North Street, Suite 900, Baton Rouge, LA 70802, USA.
| | - Willie Massey
- Resilient Baton Rouge, 100 North Street, Suite 900, Baton Rouge, LA 70802, USA.
| | - Jeanne Miranda
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA David Geffin School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Bowen Chung
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA David Geffin School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Kenneth B Wells
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA David Geffin School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Stephen Phillippi
- School of Medicine, Section of Community and Population Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 433 Bolivar St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Ed Trapido
- School of Medicine, Section of Community and Population Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 433 Bolivar St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Alexa Ramirez
- School of Medicine, Section of Community and Population Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 433 Bolivar St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Diana Meyers
- St. Anna's Episcopal Church, 1313 Esplanade Ave, New Orleans, LA 70116, USA.
| | - Catherine Haywood
- Louisiana Community Health Outreach Network, 1226 N. Broad, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA.
| | - Craig Landry
- UCLA Center for Health Services and Society, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Ashley Wennerstrom
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave. SL-16 New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Reaney SJ, Zulch H, Mills D, Gardner S, Collins L. Emotional affect and the occurrence of owner reported health problems in the domestic dog. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jackson D, Durrant L, Bishop E, Walthall H, Betteridge R, Gardner S, Coulton W, Hutchinson M, Neville S, Davidson PM, Usher K. Health service provision and the use of pressure-redistributing devices: mixed methods study of community dwelling individuals with pressure injuries. Contemp Nurse 2017; 53:378-389. [DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2017.1364973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debra Jackson
- Oxford Institute for Nursing, Midwifery & Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), The Colonnade, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lisa Durrant
- Oxford Institute for Nursing, Midwifery & Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), The Colonnade, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Helen Walthall
- Oxford Institute for Nursing, Midwifery & Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), The Colonnade, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ria Betteridge
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Wendy Coulton
- Oxford Institute for Nursing, Midwifery & Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), The Colonnade, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Marie Hutchinson
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Stephen Neville
- Department of Nursing, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Kim Usher
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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Jackson D, Durrant L, Bishop E, Walthall H, Betteridge R, Gardner S, Coulton W, Hutchinson M, Neville S, Davidson PM, Usher K. Pain associated with pressure injury: A qualitative study of community-based, home-dwelling individuals. J Adv Nurs 2017; 73:3061-3069. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debra Jackson
- Oxford Institute for Nursing; Midwifery & Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR). The Colonnade; Oxford Brookes University; Oxford UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Oxford UK
- Faculty of Health; University of Technology; Sydney Australia
| | - Lisa Durrant
- Oxford Institute for Nursing; Midwifery & Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR). The Colonnade; Oxford Brookes University; Oxford UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Oxford UK
| | | | - Helen Walthall
- Oxford Institute for Nursing; Midwifery & Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR). The Colonnade; Oxford Brookes University; Oxford UK
| | - Ria Betteridge
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Oxford UK
| | | | - Wendy Coulton
- Oxford Institute for Nursing; Midwifery & Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR). The Colonnade; Oxford Brookes University; Oxford UK
| | - Marie Hutchinson
- School of Nursing; Southern Cross University; Lismore New South Wales Australia
| | - Stephen Neville
- School of Nursing; Auckland University of Technology; Auckland New Zealand
| | | | - Kim Usher
- Oxford Institute for Nursing; Midwifery & Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR). The Colonnade; Oxford Brookes University; Oxford UK
- School of Health; University of New Zealand; Australia
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Kashevarov VL, Ott P, Prakhov S, Adlarson P, Afzal F, Ahmed Z, Akondi CS, Annand JRM, Arends HJ, Beck R, Braghieri A, Briscoe WJ, Cividini F, Codling R, Collicott C, Costanza S, Denig A, Downie EJ, Dieterle M, Ferretti Bondy MI, Fil'kov LV, Fix A, Gardner S, Garni S, Glazier DI, Glowa D, Gradl W, Gurevich G, Hamilton DJ, Hornidge D, Howdle D, Huber GM, Käser A, Kay S, Keshelashvili I, Kondratiev R, Korolija M, Krusche B, Linturi J, Lisin V, Livingston K, MacGregor IJD, MacRae R, Mancell J, Manley DM, Martel PP, McGeorge JC, McNicol E, Middleton DG, Miskimen R, Mornacchi E, Mullen C, Mushkarenkov A, Neiser A, Oberle M, Ostrick M, Otte PB, Oussena B, Paudyal D, Pedroni P, Polyanski VV, Rajabi A, Reicherz G, Robinson J, Rosner G, Rostomyan T, Sarty A, Schott DM, Schumann S, Sfienti C, Sokhoyan V, Spieker K, Steffen O, Strandberg B, Strakovsky II, Strub T, Supek I, Taragin MF, Thiel A, Thiel M, Tiator L, Thomas A, Unverzagt M, Wagner S, Watts DP, Werthmüller D, Wettig J, Witthauer L, Wolfes M, Workman RL, Zana L. Study of η and η' Photoproduction at MAMI. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:212001. [PMID: 28598665 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.212001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The reactions γp→ηp and γp→η^{'}p are measured from their thresholds up to the center-of-mass energy W=1.96 GeV with the tagged-photon facilities at the Mainz Microtron, MAMI. Differential cross sections are obtained with unprecedented statistical accuracy, providing fine energy binning and full production-angle coverage. A strong cusp is observed in the total cross section for η photoproduction at the energies in the vicinity of the η^{'} threshold, W=1896 MeV (E_{γ}=1447 MeV). Within the framework of a revised ηMAID isobar model, the cusp, in connection with a steep rise of the η^{'} total cross section from its threshold, can only be explained by a strong coupling of the poorly known N(1895)1/2^{-} state to both ηp and η^{'}p. Including the new high-accuracy results in the ηMAID fit to available η and η^{'} photoproduction data allows the determination of the N(1895)1/2^{-} properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Kashevarov
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - P Ott
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Prakhov
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - P Adlarson
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Afzal
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Z Ahmed
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - C S Akondi
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, USA
| | - J R M Annand
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H J Arends
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Beck
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - W J Briscoe
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - F Cividini
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Codling
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Collicott
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - S Costanza
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A Denig
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - E J Downie
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - M Dieterle
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M I Ferretti Bondy
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L V Fil'kov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Fix
- Laboratory of Mathematical Physics, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
| | - S Gardner
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Garni
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D I Glazier
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Glowa
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - W Gradl
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Gurevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - D J Hamilton
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Hornidge
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1E6, Canada
| | - D Howdle
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - A Käser
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Kay
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - I Keshelashvili
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Kondratiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Korolija
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - B Krusche
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Linturi
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Lisin
- Institute for Nuclear Research, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - K Livingston
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I J D MacGregor
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R MacRae
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Mancell
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D M Manley
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, USA
| | - P P Martel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1E6, Canada
| | - J C McGeorge
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - E McNicol
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D G Middleton
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1E6, Canada
| | - R Miskimen
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - E Mornacchi
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Mullen
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Mushkarenkov
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - A Neiser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Oberle
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Ostrick
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P B Otte
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Oussena
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - D Paudyal
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - P Pedroni
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - A Rajabi
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - G Reicherz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Ruhr-Universität, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Robinson
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Rosner
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T Rostomyan
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Sarty
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - D M Schott
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - S Schumann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Sfienti
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Sokhoyan
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - K Spieker
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - O Steffen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Strandberg
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I I Strakovsky
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - Th Strub
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Supek
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M F Taragin
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - A Thiel
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Thiel
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Tiator
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Thomas
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Unverzagt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Wagner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D P Watts
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Werthmüller
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Wettig
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Witthauer
- Departement für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Wolfes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R L Workman
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, USA
| | - L Zana
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
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Dhall G, Ji L, Haley K, Gilles F, Gardner S, Sposto R, Finlay JL. OS02.4 Long-term Outcome of Infants and Young Children with Newly Diagnosed Nodular Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma Treated on “Head Start” III Protocol. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox036.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Dhall G, Ji L, Haley K, Gilles F, Gardner S, Sposto R, Finlay JL. P11.02 Long-term Outcome of Infants and Young Children with Newly Diagnosed Non-Nodular/Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma Treated on “Head Start” III Protocol. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox036.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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47
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Witthauer L, Dieterle M, Abt S, Achenbach P, Afzal F, Ahmed Z, Annand JRM, Arends HJ, Bashkanov M, Beck R, Biroth M, Borisov NS, Braghieri A, Briscoe WJ, Cividini F, Costanza S, Collicott C, Denig A, Downie EJ, Drexler P, Ferretti-Bondy MI, Gardner S, Garni S, Glazier DI, Glowa D, Gradl W, Günther M, Gurevich GM, Hamilton D, Hornidge D, Huber GM, Käser A, Kashevarov VL, Kay S, Keshelashvili I, Kondratiev R, Korolija M, Krusche B, Lazarev AB, Linturi JM, Lisin V, Livingston K, Lutterer S, MacGregor IJD, Mancell J, Manley DM, Martel PP, Metag V, Meyer W, Miskimen R, Mornacchi E, Mushkarenkov A, Neganov AB, Neiser A, Oberle M, Ostrick M, Otte PB, Paudyal D, Pedroni P, Polonski A, Prakhov SN, Rajabi A, Reicherz G, Ron G, Rostomyan T, Sarty A, Sfienti C, Sikora MH, Sokhoyan V, Spieker K, Steffen O, Strakovski II, Strub T, Supek I, Thiel A, Thiel M, Thomas A, Unverzagt M, Usov YA, Wagner S, Walford NK, Watts DP, Werthmüller D, Wettig J, Wolfes M, Zana L. Insight into the Narrow Structure in η Photoproduction on the Neutron from Helicity-Dependent Cross Sections. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:132502. [PMID: 27715117 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.132502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The double polarization observable E and the helicity dependent cross sections σ_{1/2} and σ_{3/2} were measured for η photoproduction from quasifree protons and neutrons. The circularly polarized tagged photon beam of the A2 experiment at the Mainz MAMI accelerator was used in combination with a longitudinally polarized deuterated butanol target. The almost 4π detector setup of the Crystal Ball and TAPS is ideally suited to detect the recoil nucleons and the decay photons from η→2γ and η→3π^{0}. The results show that the narrow structure previously observed in η photoproduction from the neutron is only apparent in σ_{1/2} and hence, most likely related to a spin-1/2 amplitude. Nucleon resonances that contribute to this partial wave in η production are only N 1/2^{-} (S_{11}) and N 1/2^{+} (P_{11}). Furthermore, the extracted Legendre coefficients of the angular distributions for σ_{1/2} are in good agreement with recent reaction model predictions assuming a narrow resonance in the P_{11} wave as the origin of this structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Witthauer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Dieterle
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Abt
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Achenbach
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Afzal
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Z Ahmed
- University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - J R M Annand
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H J Arends
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Bashkanov
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EEH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - R Beck
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Biroth
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N S Borisov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | | | - W J Briscoe
- Center for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052-0001, USA
| | - F Cividini
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Costanza
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - C Collicott
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Marys University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - A Denig
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - E J Downie
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Center for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052-0001, USA
| | - P Drexler
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - S Gardner
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Garni
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D I Glazier
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EEH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Glowa
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EEH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - W Gradl
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Günther
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - G M Gurevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - D Hamilton
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Hornidge
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1E6, Canada
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - A Käser
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - V L Kashevarov
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Kay
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EEH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - I Keshelashvili
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Kondratiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Korolija
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - B Krusche
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A B Lazarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - J M Linturi
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Lisin
- Institute for Nuclear Research, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - K Livingston
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Lutterer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - I J D MacGregor
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Mancell
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D M Manley
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242-0001, USA
| | - P P Martel
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Metag
- II. Physikalisches Institut, University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - W Meyer
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Ruhr Universität, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Miskimen
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - E Mornacchi
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Mushkarenkov
- Institute for Nuclear Research, 125047 Moscow, Russia
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - A B Neganov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - A Neiser
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Oberle
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Ostrick
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P B Otte
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Paudyal
- University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - P Pedroni
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A Polonski
- Institute for Nuclear Research, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - S N Prakhov
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - A Rajabi
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - G Reicherz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Ruhr Universität, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - G Ron
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - T Rostomyan
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Sarty
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Marys University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - C Sfienti
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M H Sikora
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EEH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - V Sokhoyan
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Center for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052-0001, USA
| | - K Spieker
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - O Steffen
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - I I Strakovski
- Center for Nuclear Studies, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052-0001, USA
| | - Th Strub
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Supek
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Thiel
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Thiel
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Thomas
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Unverzagt
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yu A Usov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - S Wagner
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N K Walford
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D P Watts
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EEH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Werthmüller
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Wettig
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Wolfes
- Institut für Kernphysik, University of Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Zana
- SUPA School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EEH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
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48
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Bales M, Alarcon R, Bass C, Beise E, Breuer H, Byrne J, Chupp T, Coakley K, Cooper R, Dewey M, Gardner S, Gentile T, He D, Mumm H, Nico J, O’Neill B, Thompson A, Wietfeldt F. Precision Measurement of the Radiative β Decay of the Free Neutron. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:242501. [PMID: 27367385 PMCID: PMC6058315 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.242501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The standard model predicts that, in addition to a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino, a continuous spectrum of photons is emitted in the β decay of the free neutron. We report on the RDK II experiment which measured the photon spectrum using two different detector arrays. An annular array of bismuth germanium oxide scintillators detected photons from 14 to 782 keV. The spectral shape was consistent with theory, and we determined a branching ratio of 0.00335±0.00005[stat]±0.00015[syst]. A second detector array of large area avalanche photodiodes directly detected photons from 0.4 to 14 keV. For this array, the spectral shape was consistent with theory, and the branching ratio was determined to be 0.00582±0.00023[stat]±0.00062[syst]. We report the first precision test of the shape of the photon energy spectrum from neutron radiative decay and a substantially improved determination of the branching ratio over a broad range of photon energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.J. Bales
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
- Physikdepartment, Technische Universität München, D-85748, Germany
| | - R. Alarcon
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - C.D. Bass
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - E.J. Beise
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - H. Breuer
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - J. Byrne
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK
| | - T.E. Chupp
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - K.J. Coakley
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - R.L. Cooper
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - M.S. Dewey
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - S. Gardner
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - T.R. Gentile
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - D. He
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - H.P. Mumm
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - J.S. Nico
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - B O’Neill
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - A.K. Thompson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Qin Y, Gardner S, Huang Y, Kim J, Wen N, Chetty I. SU-G-TeP2-08: Evaluation of Plastic Scintillator Detector for Small Field Stereotactic Patient-Specific Quality Assurance. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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50
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Gardner S, Doemer A, Miller B, Wen N, Chetty I. SU-G-BRC-07: Evaluation of AAA Focal Spot Size for SRS Planning Using End-To-End Dosimetric Data. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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