1
|
Pham AD, Vaz K, Ardalan ZS, Sinclair M, Apostolov R, Gardner S, Majeed A, Mishra G, Kam NM, Patwala K, Kutaiba N, Arachchi N, Bell S, Dev AT, Lubel JS, Nicoll AJ, Sood S, Kemp W, Roberts SK, Fink M, Testro AG, Angus PW, Gow PJ. Clinical outcomes of patients with two small hepatocellular carcinomas. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1439-1449. [PMID: 34786178 PMCID: PMC8568581 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i10.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of single small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is straightforward with curative outcomes achieved by locoregional therapy or resection. Liver transplantation is often considered for multiple small or single large HCC. Management of two small HCC whether presenting synchronously or sequentially is less clear.
AIM To define the outcomes of patients presenting with two small HCC.
METHODS Retrospective review of HCC databases from multiple institutions of patients with either two synchronous or sequential HCC ≤ 3 cm between January 2000 and March 2018. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and transplant-free survival (TFS).
RESULTS 104 patients were identified (male n = 89). Median age was 63 years (interquartile range 58-67.75) and the most common aetiology of liver disease was hepatitis C (40.4%). 59 (56.7%) had synchronous HCC and 45 (43.3%) had sequential. 36 patients died (34.6%) and 25 were transplanted (24.0%). 1, 3 and 5-year OS was 93.0%, 66.1% and 62.3% and 5-year post-transplant survival was 95.8%. 1, 3 and 5-year TFS was 82.1%, 45.85% and 37.8%. When synchronous and sequential groups were compared, OS (1,3 and 5 year synchronous 91.3%, 63.8%, 61.1%, sequential 95.3%, 69.5%, 64.6%, P = 0.41) was similar but TFS was higher in the sequential group (1,3 and 5 year synchronous 68.5%, 37.3% and 29.7%, sequential 93.2%, 56.6%, 48.5%, P = 0.02) though this difference did not remain during multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSION TFS in patients presenting with two HCC ≤ 3 cm is poor regardless of the timing of the second tumor. All patients presenting with two small HCC should be considered for transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Duy Pham
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karl Vaz
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zaid S Ardalan
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie Sinclair
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Apostolov
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Gardner
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ammar Majeed
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gauri Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ning Mao Kam
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kurvi Patwala
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Numan Kutaiba
- Department of Radiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Eastern Health, Box Hill 3128, Victoria, Australia
| | - Niranjan Arachchi
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Western Health, Footscray 3011, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally Bell
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anouk T Dev
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - John S Lubel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda J Nicoll
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Box Hill 3128, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siddharth Sood
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Kemp
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart K Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Fink
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam G Testro
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter W Angus
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J Gow
- The Victorian Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
- The Melbourne Liver Group, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|