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Woo J, Choi Y. Biomarkers in Detection of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Pathogens 2024; 13:331. [PMID: 38668286 PMCID: PMC11054098 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects 58 million people worldwide. In the United States, the incidence rate of acute hepatitis C has doubled since 2014; during 2021, this increased to 5% from 2020. Acute hepatitis C is defined by any symptom of acute viral hepatitis plus either jaundice or elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity with the detection of HCV RNA, the anti-HCV antibody, or hepatitis C virus antigen(s). However, most patients with acute infection are asymptomatic. In addition, ALT activity and HCV RNA levels can fluctuate, and a delayed detection of the anti-HCV antibody can occur among some immunocompromised persons with HCV infection. The detection of specific biomarkers can be of great value in the early detection of HCV infection at an asymptomatic stage. The high rate of HCV replication (which is approximately 1010 to 1012 virions per day) and the lack of proofreading by the viral RNA polymerase leads to enormous genetic diversity, creating a major challenge for the host immune response. This broad genetic diversity contributes to the likelihood of developing chronic infection, thus leading to the development of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies for HCV infection are highly effective with a cure rate of up to 99%. At the same time, many patients with HCV infection are unaware of their infection status because of the mostly asymptomatic nature of hepatitis C, so they remain undiagnosed until the liver damage has advanced. Molecular mechanisms induced by HCV have been intensely investigated to find biomarkers for diagnosing the acute and chronic phases of the infection. However, there are no clinically verified biomarkers for patients with hepatitis C. In this review, we discuss the biomarkers that can differentiate acute from chronic hepatitis C, and we summarize the current state of the literature on the useful biomarkers that are detectable during acute and chronic HCV infection, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youkyung Choi
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329-4018, USA;
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Dillemans L, Yu K, De Zutter A, Noppen S, Gouwy M, Berghmans N, Verhallen L, De Bondt M, Vanbrabant L, Brusselmans S, Martens E, Schols D, Verschueren P, Rosenkilde MM, Marques PE, Struyf S, Proost P. Natural carboxyterminal truncation of human CXCL10 attenuates glycosaminoglycan binding, CXCR3A signaling and lymphocyte chemotaxis, while retaining angiostatic activity. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:94. [PMID: 38308278 PMCID: PMC10835923 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-γ-inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10/CXCL10) is a dual-function CXC chemokine that coordinates chemotaxis of activated T cells and natural killer (NK) cells via interaction with its G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3). As a consequence of natural posttranslational modifications, human CXCL10 exhibits a high degree of structural and functional heterogeneity. However, the biological effect of natural posttranslational processing of CXCL10 at the carboxy (C)-terminus has remained partially elusive. We studied CXCL10(1-73), lacking the four endmost C-terminal amino acids, which was previously identified in supernatant of cultured human fibroblasts and keratinocytes. METHODS Relative levels of CXCL10(1-73) and intact CXCL10(1-77) were determined in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through tandem mass spectrometry. The production of CXCL10(1-73) was optimized through Fmoc-based solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and a strategy to efficiently generate human CXCL10 proteoforms was introduced. CXCL10(1-73) was compared to intact CXCL10(1-77) using surface plasmon resonance for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding affinity, assays for cell migration, second messenger signaling downstream of CXCR3, and flow cytometry of CHO cells and primary human T lymphocytes and endothelial cells. Leukocyte recruitment in vivo upon intraperitoneal injection of CXCL10(1-73) was also evaluated. RESULTS Natural CXCL10(1-73) was more abundantly present compared to intact CXCL10(1-77) in synovial fluids of patients with RA. CXCL10(1-73) had diminished affinity for GAG including heparin, heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate A. Moreover, CXCL10(1-73) exhibited an attenuated capacity to induce CXCR3A-mediated signaling, as evidenced in calcium mobilization assays and through quantification of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B/Akt. Furthermore, CXCL10(1-73) incited significantly less primary human T lymphocyte chemotaxis in vitro and peritoneal ingress of CXCR3+ T lymphocytes in mice. In contrast, loss of the four endmost C-terminal residues did not affect the inhibitory properties of CXCL10 on migration, proliferation, wound closure, phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and sprouting of human microvascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSION Our study shows that the C-terminal residues Lys74-Pro77 of CXCL10 are important for GAG binding, signaling through CXCR3A, T lymphocyte chemotaxis, but dispensable for angiostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Dillemans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexandra De Zutter
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Noppen
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 1042, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Berghmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Verhallen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mirre De Bondt
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Vanbrabant
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stef Brusselmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Martens
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 1042, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Verschueren
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro Elias Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Dillemans L, De Somer L, Neerinckx B, Proost P. A review of the pleiotropic actions of the IFN-inducible CXC chemokine receptor 3 ligands in the synovial microenvironment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:78. [PMID: 36862204 PMCID: PMC11071919 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are pivotal players in instigation and perpetuation of synovitis through leukocytes egress from the blood circulation into the inflamed articulation. Multitudinous literature addressing the involvement of the dual-function interferon (IFN)-inducible chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 in diseases characterized by chronic inflammatory arthritis emphasizes the need for detangling their etiopathological relevance. Through interaction with their mutual receptor CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 exert their hallmark function of coordinating directional trafficking of CD4+ TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells and NKT cells towards inflammatory niches. Among other (patho)physiological processes including infection, cancer, and angiostasis, IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands have been implicated in autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the abundant presence of IFN-induced CXCR3 ligands in bodily fluids of patients with inflammatory arthritis, the outcomes of their selective depletion in rodent models, and the attempts at developing candidate drugs targeting the CXCR3 chemokine system. We further propose that the involvement of the CXCR3 binding chemokines in synovitis and joint remodeling encompasses more than solely the directional ingress of CXCR3-expressing leukocytes. The pleotropic actions of the IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands in the synovial niche reiteratively illustrate the extensive complexity of the CXCR3 chemokine network, which is based on the intercommunion of IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands with distinct CXCR3 isoforms, enzymes, cytokines, and infiltrated and resident cells present in the inflamed joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Dillemans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien De Somer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Neerinckx
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Riva A. Editorial: Soluble immune checkpoints: Novel physiological immunomodulators. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178541. [PMID: 37026008 PMCID: PMC10070990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riva
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Antonio Riva,
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Brandes J, Zobel I, Rohmann N, Schlicht K, Geisler C, Hartmann K, Türk K, von Schönfels W, Beckmann J, Tran F, Laudes M. Dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor therapy increases circulating levels of anti-inflammatory soluble frizzle receptor protein (sFRP)-5 which is decreased in severe COVID-19 disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14935. [PMID: 36056109 PMCID: PMC9437412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) show an increased risk for a severe COVID-19 disease. Treatment with DPP4 inhibitor (DPP4i) results in reduced mortality and better clinical outcome. Here, we aimed to identify potential mechanisms for the observed DPP4i effect in COVID-19. Comparing T2D subjects with and without DPP4i treatment, we identified a significant increase of the anti-inflammatory adipokine sFRP5 in relation to DPP4 inhibition. sFRP5 is a specific antagonist to Wnt5a, a glycopeptide secreted by adipose tissue macrophages acting pro-inflammatory in various diseases. We therefore examined sFRP5 levels in patients hospitalised for severe COVID-19 and found significant lower levels compared to healthy controls. Since sFRP5 might consequently be a molecular link for the beneficial effects of DPP4i in COVID-19, we further aimed to identify the exact source of sFRP5 in adipose tissue on cellular level. We therefore isolated pre-adipocytes, mature adipocytes and macrophages from adipose tissue biopsies and performed western-blotting. Results showed a sFRP5 expression specifically in mature adipocytes of subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue. In summary, our data suggest that DPP4i increase serum levels of anti-inflammatory sFRP5 which might be beneficial in COVID-19, reflecting a state of sFRP5 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Brandes
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel; Düsternbrooker Weg, 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Isabelle Zobel
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel; Düsternbrooker Weg, 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nathalie Rohmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel; Düsternbrooker Weg, 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristina Schlicht
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel; Düsternbrooker Weg, 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Geisler
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel; Düsternbrooker Weg, 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Hartmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel; Düsternbrooker Weg, 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Türk
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel; Düsternbrooker Weg, 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Witigo von Schönfels
- Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Beckmann
- Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Institute of Diabetes and Clinical Metabolic Research, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel; Düsternbrooker Weg, 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine 1, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany.
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Nishina S, Hino K. CD26/DPP4 as a Therapeutic Target in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020454. [PMID: 35053615 PMCID: PMC8774170 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary CD26/DPP4 has been reported to attenuate anticancer immunity via chemokine cleavage and to promote insulin resistance and inflammation in the liver and/or adipose tissue via dysregulation of macrophage M1/M2 polarization. These results suggest the promotive roles of CD26/DPP4 especially in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we discuss the biological roles of CD26/DPP4 in the development and progression of NASH associated HCC and the potential of DPP4 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for HCC. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is generally considered an “immune-cold” cancer since T cells are not observed abundantly in HCC tumor tissue. Combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors is currently recognized as a first-line systemic treatment for advanced-stage HCC. Immunologically, immune checkpoint inhibitors influence the recognition of cancer cells by T cells, and VEGF inhibitors influence the infiltration of T cells into tumors. However, no drugs that facilitate the trafficking of T cells toward tumors have been developed. Chemokines are promising agents that activate T cell trafficking. On the other hand, metabolic factors such as obesity and insulin resistance are considered risk factors for HCC development. CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) functions as a serine protease, selectively cleaving polypeptides with a proline or alanine at the penultimate N-terminal position, such as chemokines. Recently, CD26/DPP4 has been reported to attenuate anticancer immunity via chemokine cleavage and to promote insulin resistance and inflammation in the liver and/or adipose tissue via dysregulation of macrophage M1/M2 polarization. In this review, we discuss the promotive roles of CD26/DPP4 in HCC development and progression and the potential of DPP4 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keisuke Hino
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-864621111; Fax: +81-864641196
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Hsu WH, Sue SP, Liang HL, Tseng CW, Lin HC, Wen WL, Lee MY. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors Decrease the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Infection and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Study in Taiwan. Front Public Health 2021; 9:711723. [PMID: 34604157 PMCID: PMC8484707 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.711723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors) are incretin-based oral antidiabetic drugs. Previous studies have shown an association between increased plasma activity of DPP-4 and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors may be associated with preventing the development of chronic HCV infection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of DPP-4 inhibitors is associated with a decreased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic HCV infection. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic HCV infection from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. The patients were divided into two groups (DPP-4 inhibitor cohort and non-DPP-4 inhibitor cohort) according to whether or not they received DPP-4 inhibitor treatment. Results: Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed a significantly lower risk of HCC in the patients who took DPP-4 inhibitors compared to those who did not. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HCC-free rate in the DPP-4 inhibitor cohort than in the non-DPP-4 inhibitor cohort. Conclusion: The use of DPP-4 inhibitors was associated with a lower risk of HCC in patients with type 2 DM and chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ping Sue
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Liang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Tseng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Wen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yueh Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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8
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Kang SW, Rainczuk A, Oehler MK, Jobling TW, Plebanski M, Stephens AN. Active Ratio Test (ART) as a Novel Diagnostic for Ovarian Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11061048. [PMID: 34200333 PMCID: PMC8230042 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite substantial effort, there remains a lack of biomarker-based, clinically relevant testing for the accurate, non-invasive diagnostic or prognostic profiling of epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC). Our previous work demonstrated that whilst the inflammatory marker C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) has prognostic relevance in ovarian cancer, its use is complicated by the presence of multiple, N-terminally modified variants, mediated by several enzymes including Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4). Methods: In this study, we provide the first evidence for the “Active Ratio Test” (ART) as a novel method to measure biologically relevant CXCL10 proteoforms in clinical samples. Results: In a cohort of 275 patients, ART accurately differentiated patients with malignant EOCs from those with benign gynaecological conditions (AUC 0.8617) and significantly out-performed CA125 alone. Moreover, ART combined with the measurement of CA125 and DPP4 significantly increased prognostic performance (AUC 0.9511; sensitivity 90.0%; specificity 91.7%; Cohen’s d > 1) for EOC detection. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that ART provides a useful method to accurately discriminate between patients with benign versus malignant EOC, and highlights their relevance to ovarian cancer diagnosis. This marker combination may also be applicable in broader screening applications, to identify or discriminate benign from malignant disease in asymptomatic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Woog Kang
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.-W.K.); (A.R.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Adam Rainczuk
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.-W.K.); (A.R.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Bruker Pty Ltd., Preston 3072, Australia
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia;
- Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Thomas W. Jobling
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Monash Medical Centre, Bentleigh East 3165, Australia;
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia;
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.-W.K.); (A.R.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Correspondence:
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9
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Riva A, Palma E, Devshi D, Corrigall D, Adams H, Heaton N, Menon K, Preziosi M, Zamalloa A, Miquel R, Ryan JM, Wright G, Fairclough S, Evans A, Shawcross D, Schierwagen R, Klein S, Uschner FE, Praktiknjo M, Katzarov K, Hadzhiolova T, Pavlova S, Simonova M, Trebicka J, Williams R, Chokshi S. Soluble TIM3 and Its Ligands Galectin-9 and CEACAM1 Are in Disequilibrium During Alcohol-Related Liver Disease and Promote Impairment of Anti-bacterial Immunity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:632502. [PMID: 33776793 PMCID: PMC7987668 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.632502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Immunoregulatory checkpoint receptors (CR) contribute to the profound immunoparesis observed in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and in vitro neutralization of inhibitory-CRs TIM3/PD1 on anti-bacterial T-cells can rescue innate and adaptive anti-bacterial immunity. Recently described soluble-CR forms can modulate immunity in inflammatory conditions, but the contributions of soluble-TIM3 and soluble-PD1 and other soluble-CRs to immune derangements in ALD remain unclear. Methods In Alcoholic Hepatitis (AH; n = 19), alcohol-related cirrhosis (ARC; n = 53) and healthy control (HC; n = 27) subjects, we measured by Luminex technology (i) plasma levels of 16 soluble-CRs, 12 pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and markers of gut bacterial translocation; (ii) pre-hepatic, post-hepatic and non-hepatic soluble-CR plasma levels in ARC patients undergoing TIPS; (iii) soluble-CRs production from ethanol-treated immunocompetent precision cut human liver slices (PCLS); (iv) whole-blood soluble-CR expression upon bacterial challenge. By FACS, we assessed the relationship between soluble-TIM3 and membrane-TIM3 and rescue of immunity in bacterial-challenged PBMCs. Results Soluble-TIM3 was the dominant plasma soluble-CR in ALD vs. HC (p = 0.00002) and multivariate analysis identified it as the main driver of differences between groups. Soluble-CRs were strongly correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, gut bacterial translocation markers and clinical indices of disease severity. Ethanol exposure or bacterial challenge did not induce soluble-TIM3 production from PCLS nor from whole-blood. Bacterial challenge prompted membrane-TIM3 hyperexpression on PBMCs from ALD patient's vs. HC (p < 0.002) and was inversely correlated with plasma soluble-TIM3 levels in matched patients. TIM3 ligands soluble-Galectin-9 and soluble-CEACAM1 were elevated in ALD plasma (AH > ARC; p < 0.002). In vitro neutralization of Galectin-9 and soluble-CEACAM1 improved the defective anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory cytokine production from E. coli-challenged PBMCs in ALD patients. Conclusions Alcohol-related liver disease patients exhibit supra-physiological plasma levels of soluble-TIM3, particularly those with greater disease severity. This is also associated with increased levels of soluble TIM3-ligands and membrane-TIM3 expression on immune cells. Soluble-TIM3 can block the TIM3-ligand synapse and improve anti-bacterial immunity; however, the increased levels of soluble TIM3-binding ligands in patients with ALD negate any potential immunostimulatory effects. We believe that anti-TIM3 neutralizing antibodies currently in Phase I clinical trials or soluble-TIM3 should be investigated further for their ability to enhance anti-bacterial immunity. These agents could potentially represent an innovative immune-based supportive approach to rescue anti-bacterial defenses in ALD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riva
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Palma
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dhruti Devshi
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Corrigall
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Gastroenterology, Basildon University Hospital, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Huyen Adams
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Heaton
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Menon
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Preziosi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ane Zamalloa
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Miquel
- Liver Histopathology Laboratory, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M Ryan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Services, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Wright
- Department of Gastroenterology, Basildon University Hospital, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Fairclough
- Department of Gastroenterology, Basildon University Hospital, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Evans
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie Shawcross
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Schierwagen
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Klein
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank E Uschner
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Krum Katzarov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Hadzhiolova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Slava Pavlova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marieta Simonova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Williams
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Verma K, Amitabh, Prasad DN, Kumar B, Kohli E. Brain and COVID-19 Crosstalk: Pathophysiological and Psychological Manifestations. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3194-3203. [PMID: 33006881 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is experiencing one of the major viral outbreaks of this millennium, caused by a plus sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, COVID-19, declared as pandemic by WHO. The clinical manifestations vary from asymptomatic to mild symptoms like fever, dry cough, and diarrhea, with further increase in severity leading to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Though primary manifestations are respiratory and cardiac, various studies have shown the neuroinvasive capability of this virus resulting in neurological complications, which sometimes can precede common typical symptoms like fever and cough. Common neurological symptoms are headache, dizziness, anosmia, dysgeusia, confusion, and muscle weakening, progressing toward severe complications like cerebrovascular disease, seizures, or paralysis. Older adults and critically ill people are in the high risk group and have shown severe neurological symptoms upon infection. COVID-19 also has a profound impact on the mental health of people across the world. In this review, we briefly discuss the neurological pathologies and psychological impact due to COVID-19, which has not only stressed the physical health of people but has also created social and economic problems resulting in mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Verma
- Neurobiology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Amitabh
- Neurobiology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Dipti N. Prasad
- Neurobiology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Ekta Kohli
- Neurobiology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied SciencesDefence Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
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11
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Schmidt A, Farine H, Keller MP, Sebastian A, Kozera L, Welford RWD, Strasser DS. Immunoaffinity Targeted Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Human Plasma Samples Reveals an Imbalance of Active and Inactive CXCL10 in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Patients. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4196-4209. [PMID: 32870689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important advantages of mass spectrometry is the ability to quantify proteins and their modifications in parallel to obtain a holistic picture of the protein of interest. Here, we present a hybrid immunoaffinity targeted mass spectrometry (MS) method that combines efficient pan-antibody enrichment of a specific protein from plasma with the selectivity of high-resolution targeted MS analysis to quantitate specific proteoforms of interest. We used this approach to quantify plasma levels of the chemokine CXCL10 that has been associated with many immunological disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS). The hybrid approach enabled sensitive, specific, and simultaneous quantification of total, full-length (active) CXCL101-77 and DPP4-truncated (inactive) CXCL103-77 in human plasma down to the low pg/mL level, reaching ELISA sensitivities. Samples from 30 control subjects and 34 pSS patients (n = 64) were analyzed. The ratio of CXCL101-77 to truncated CXCL103-77 was significantly increased in patients with pSS and provided the highest correlation with pSS disease activity. Therefore, this CXCL10 proteoform ratio represents an interesting exploratory disease activity biomarker to further investigate. As this strategy can be readily adapted to other plasma proteins and proteoforms of interest, we are convinced that it will lead to a more detailed understanding of proteoforms in physiology and pathology yielding more relevant biomarkers and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schmidt
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Farine
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Marcel P Keller
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Agata Sebastian
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 210, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kozera
- Lukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, National Biobanking Node, Stablowicka 147, 50-066 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Richard W D Welford
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Strasser
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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12
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Shao S, Xu Q, Yu X, Pan R, Chen Y. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and their potential immune modulatory functions. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 209:107503. [PMID: 32061923 PMCID: PMC7102585 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors (DPP4is) are oral anti-diabetic drugs (OADs) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through inhibiting the degradation of incretin peptides. Numerous investigations have been focused on the effects of DPP4is on glucose homeostasis. However, there are limited evidences demonstrating their Potential modulatory functions in the immune system. DPP4, originally known as the lymphocyte cell surface protein CD26, is widely expressed in many types of immune cells including CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages; and regulate the functions of these cells. In addition, DPP4 is capable of modulating plenty of cytokines, chemokines and peptide hormones. Accordingly, DPP4/CD26 is speculated to be involved in various immune/inflammatory diseases and DPP4is may become a new drug class applied in these diseases. This review focuses on the regulatory effects of DPP4is on immune functions and their possible underlying mechanisms. Further clinical studies will be necessitated to fully evaluate the administration of DPP4is in diabetic patients with or without immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - QinQin Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Ruping Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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13
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David BA, Kubes P. Exploring the complex role of chemokines and chemoattractants in vivo on leukocyte dynamics. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:9-30. [PMID: 30977202 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemotaxis is fundamental for leukocyte migration in immunity and inflammation and contributes to the pathogenesis of many human diseases. Although chemokines and various other chemoattractants were initially appreciated as important mediators of acute inflammation, in the past years they have emerged as critical mediators of cell migration during immune surveillance, organ development, and cancer progression. Such advances in our knowledge in chemokine biology have paved the way for the development of specific pharmacological targets with great therapeutic potential. Chemoattractants may belong to different classes, including a complex chemokine system of approximately 50 endogenous molecules that bind to G protein-coupled receptors, which are expressed by a wide variety of cell types. Also, an unknown number of other chemoattractants may be generated by pathogens and damaged/dead cells. Therefore, blocking chemotaxis without causing side effects is an extremely challenging task. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding how the chemokine system orchestrates immune cell migration and positioning at the whole organ level in homeostasis, inflammation, and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna A David
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Chen YF, Wang YH, Lei CS, Changou CA, Davis ME, Yen Y. Host immune response to anti-cancer camptothecin conjugated cyclodextrin-based polymers. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:85. [PMID: 31647037 PMCID: PMC6806548 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Efficacy and safety are critical concerns when designing drug carriers. Nanoparticles are a particular type of carrier that has gained recent attention in cancer therapeutics. Methods In this study, we assess the safety profile of IT-101, a nanoparticle formed by self-assembly of camptothecin (CPT) conjugated cyclodextrin-based polymers. IT-101 delivers CPT to target cancer cells in animal models of numerous human cancers and in humans. Previous data from preclinical and clinical trials indicate that IT-101 has no notable immunological side effects. However, there have been no published studies focused on evaluating the effects of IT-101 on host immune systems. Results In this work, we demonstrate that IT-101 diminished initial host immune response following first injection of the nanopharmaceutical and induced NK cell activation and T cell proliferation upon further IT-101 exposure. Additionally, IT-101 could attenuate tumor growth more efficiently than CPT treatment only. Conclusions Drugs administration in whole-body circulation may lead to poorly bioavailable in central nervous system and often has toxic effects on peripheral tissues. Conjugated with cyclodextrin-based polymers not only reduce adverse effects but also modulate the immune responses to elevate drug efficacy. These immune responses may potentially facilitate actions of immune blockage, such as PD1/PDL1 in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsin Wang
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cing-Syuan Lei
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun A Changou
- Ph.D. Program of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrated Laboratory, Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.,Core Facility, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mark E Davis
- Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Yun Yen
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Integrated Laboratory, Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cancer Center, Taipei Municipal WanFang Hospital, 11696, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Lin SR, Chang CH, Tsai MJ, Cheng H, Chen JC, Leong MK, Weng CF. The perceptions of natural compounds against dipeptidyl peptidase 4 in diabetes: from in silico to in vivo. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2019; 10:2040622319875305. [PMID: 31555430 PMCID: PMC6753520 DOI: 10.1177/2040622319875305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), an incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
degrading enzyme, contains two forms and it can exert various physiological
functions particular in controlling blood glucose through the action of GLP-1.
In diabetic use, the DPP-4 inhibitor can block the DDP-4 to attenuate GLP-1
degradation and prolong GLP-1 its action and sensitize insulin activity for the
purpose of lowering blood glucose. Nonetheless the adverse effects of DPP-4
inhibitors severely hinder their clinical applications, and notably there is a
clinical demand for novel DPP-4 inhibitors from various sources including
chemical synthesis, herbs, and plants with fewer side effects. In this review,
we highlight various strategies, namely computational biology (in
silico), in vitro enzymatic and cell assays, and
in vivo animal tests, for seeking natural DPP-4 inhibitors
from botanic sources including herbs and plants. The pros and cons of all
approaches for new inhibitor candidates or hits will be under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien
| | - May-Jwan Tsai
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Beitou, Taipei
| | - Henrich Cheng
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Beitou, Taipei
| | - Jian-Chyi Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Yungkang, Tainan
| | - Max K Leong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, No.1, Sec.2, Da-Hsueh Road, Shoufeng, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Center for Transitional Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023, China
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16
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Xu W, Puligandla M, Manola J, Bullock AJ, Tamasauskas D, McDermott DF, Atkins MB, Haas NB, Flaherty K, Uzzo RG, Dutcher JP, DiPaola RS, Bhatt RS. Angiogenic Factor and Cytokine Analysis among Patients Treated with Adjuvant VEGFR TKIs in Resected Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6098-6106. [PMID: 31471309 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of VEGFR TKIs for the adjuvant treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains controversial. We investigated the effects of adjuvant VEGFR TKIs on circulating cytokines in the ECOG-ACRIN 2805 (ASSURE) trial. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with resected high-risk RCC were randomized to sunitinib, sorafenib, or placebo. Plasma from 413 patients was analyzed from post-nephrectomy baseline, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks after treatment initiation. Mixed effects and Cox proportional hazards models were used to test for changes in circulating cytokines and associations between disease-free survival (DFS) and cytokine levels. RESULTS VEGF and PlGF increased after 4 weeks on sunitinib or sorafenib (P < 0.0001 for both) and returned to baseline at 6 weeks on sunitinib (corresponding to the break in the sunitinib schedule) but not sorafenib (which was administered continuously). sFLT-1 decreased after 4 weeks on sunitinib and 6 weeks on sorafenib (P < 0.0001). sVEGFR-2 decreased after both 4 and 6 weeks of treatment on sunitinib or sorafenib (P < 0.0001). Patients receiving placebo had no significant changes in cytokine levels. CXCL10 was elevated at 4 and 6 weeks on sunitinib and sorafenib but not on placebo. Higher baseline CXCL10 was associated with worse DFS (HR 1.41 per log increase in CXCL10, Bonferroni-adjusted P = 0.003). This remained significant after adjustment for T-stage, Fuhrman grade, and ECOG performance status. CONCLUSIONS Among patients treated with adjuvant VEGFR TKIs for RCC, drug-host interactions mediate changes in circulating cytokines. Elevated baseline CXCL10 was associated with worse DFS. Studies to understand functional consequences of these changes are under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Xu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maneka Puligandla
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judith Manola
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Michael B Atkins
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Naomi B Haas
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | - Rupal S Bhatt
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
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17
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Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Ruffilli I, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, Patrizio A, Mazzi V, Colaci M, Giuggioli D, Ferri C, Antonelli A. Immunomodulation of CXCL10 Secretion by Hepatitis C Virus: Could CXCL10 Be a Prognostic Marker of Chronic Hepatitis C? J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:5878960. [PMID: 31485460 PMCID: PMC6702819 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5878960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 and other CXCR3 chemokines are involved in the pathogenesis of acute and "chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection" (CHC). Here, we review the scientific literature about HCV and CXCL10. The combination of circulating CXCL10 and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-28B can identify patients with acute HCV infection most likely to undergo spontaneous HCV clearance and those in need of early antiviral therapy. In CHC, the HCV and intrahepatic interferon- (IFN-) γ drive a raised CXCL10 expression by sinusoidal endothelium and hepatocytes, thereby inducing the recruitment of CXCR3-expressing T cells into the liver; thus, CXCL10 plays an important role in the development of necroinflammation and fibrosis. Increased CXCL10 was significantly associated with the presence of active vasculitis in HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia, or with autoimmune thyroiditis in CHC. Pretreatment CXCL10 levels are predictive of early virological response and sustained virological response (SVR) to IFN-α and ribavirin and may be useful in the evaluation of candidates for therapy. The occurrence of SNPs adjacent to IL-28B (rs12979860, rs12980275, and rs8099917), and CXCL10 below 150 pg/mL, independently predicted the first phase viral decline and rapid virological response, which in turn independently predicted SVR. Directly acting antiviral agents-mediated clearance of HCV is associated with the loss of intrahepatic immune activation by IFN-α, associated by decreased levels of CXCL10. In conclusion, CXCL10 is an important marker of HCV clearance and successful therapy in CHC patients. Whether CXCL10 is a novel therapeutic target in CHC will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Mazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Colaci
- Internal Medicine Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Dilia Giuggioli
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Clodoveo Ferri
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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18
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Tabll A, El Shenawy R, Elsharkawy H, Mohamed FZ. Serum inducible protein-10 chemokine as a biomarker for clearance of HCV with and without treatment in Egyptian patients. Hum Antibodies 2019; 27:265-273. [PMID: 31127759 DOI: 10.3233/hab-190381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Assessment of the potential predictive value of serum inducible protein-10 chemokine (IP-10) in the clearance of HCV in Egyptian patients with and without treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety Egyptian individuals were involved in the current study where, 20 patients (23%) were chronic HCV (positive HCV antibodies and positive HCV RNA without treatment, 20 (22%) were healthy individuals (negative for both HCV antibodies and HCV RNA, 20 (22%) were natural clearance (positive HCV antibodies and negative for HCV RNA without treatment), 20 (22%) were achieved SVR after treatment (responders group, HCV positive and negative for HCV RNA after treatment) and 10 (11%) were non responders (positive HCV antibodies and still positive HCV RNA after treatment). HCV RNA was quantitated by real time PCR and serum IP10 level was measured by commercial ELISA kit. All biochemical and hematological examinations included liver function, CBC and alphefeto protein were assessed. RESULTS The mean serum levels of IP-10 were significantly higher (p< 0.001) in CHC patients (345.4 ± 100) pg/ml compared with healthy control group (101.5 ± 31.4) and natural clearance group (103.2 ± 40.7). Also serum levels of IP-10 was significantly elevated in non-responders group (257.4 ± 52.5) compared with each of SVR group (103.5 ± 43.5) (p< 0.001) and healthy group (101.5 ± 31.4), (p< 0.001). Prediction of a clinical response based on a IP10 chemokine revealed high sensitivity (93%), specificity (96%), negative predictive value (96%), and area under curve is (1.00). Moreover, there is no correlation ((R= 0.05), P value p< 0.795) between serum level of IP-10 and HCV viral load. CONCLUSION IP10 is a useful non-invasive biomarker for viral clearance and might be used to apply patients according to the predictable treatment outcome. Accordingly, patients who are unlikely to respond to treatment would avoid unnecessary exposure to medication that is related with high morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Tabll
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reem El Shenawy
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hazem Elsharkawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zakazik University, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors Reduce Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Activating Lymphocyte Chemotaxis in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:115-134. [PMID: 30510994 PMCID: PMC6260362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS CD26, a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein, is expressed in various cancers and functions as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). We investigated whether CD26 expression is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and whether DPP4 inhibitors exert antitumor effects against HCC. METHODS CD26 expression was examined in 41 surgically resected HCC specimens. The effects of DPP4 inhibitors on HCC were examined by using HCC cell lines (Huh-7 and Li-7), xenograft tumors in nude mice, and a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related HCC mouse model. RESULTS CD26 expression in HCC specimens was associated with increased serum DPP4 activity, as well as a more advanced stage, less tumor immunity, and poorer prognosis in HCC patients. The HCC cell lines and xenograft tumors exhibited CD26 expression and DPP4 activity. The DPP4 inhibitors did not exhibit antitumor effects in vitro, but natural killer (NK) and/or T-cell tumor accumulation suppressed growth of xenograft tumor and HCC in vivo. The antitumor effects of DPP4 inhibitors were abolished by the depletion of NK cells or the neutralization of CXCR3, a chemokine receptor on NK cells. EZ-TAXIScan, an optical horizontal chemotaxis apparatus, identified enhanced NK and T-cell chemotaxis by DPP4 inhibitors ex vivo in the presence of Huh-7 cells and the chemokine CXCL10, which binds to CXCR3. The DPP4 inhibitors prevented the biologically active form of CXCL10 from being truncated by Huh-7 cell DPP4 activity. DPP4 inhibitors also suppressed tumor angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These results provide a rationale for verifying whether DPP4 inhibitors clinically inhibit the progression of HCC or augment the antitumor effects of molecular-targeting drugs or immunotherapies against HCC.
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Key Words
- CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit 8
- CD26
- CXCL10
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, inhibitory concentration of 50%
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MICA, MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NK Cell
- NK, natural killer
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PTH, phenylthiohydantoin
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- T Cell
- TAXIScan
- Tumor Immunity
- anti-ASGM, anti-asialo GM1 antisera
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20
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How post-translational modifications influence the biological activity of chemokines. Cytokine 2018; 109:29-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Riva A, Patel V, Kurioka A, Jeffery HC, Wright G, Tarff S, Shawcross D, Ryan JM, Evans A, Azarian S, Bajaj JS, Fagan A, Patel V, Mehta K, Lopez C, Simonova M, Katzarov K, Hadzhiolova T, Pavlova S, Wendon JA, Oo YH, Klenerman P, Williams R, Chokshi S. Mucosa-associated invariant T cells link intestinal immunity with antibacterial immune defects in alcoholic liver disease. Gut 2018; 67:918-930. [PMID: 29097439 PMCID: PMC5890654 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Intestinal permeability with systemic distribution of bacterial products are central in the immunopathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), yet links with intestinal immunity remain elusive. Mucosa-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) are found in liver, blood and intestinal mucosa and are a key component of antibacterial host defences. Their role in ALD is unknown. METHODS/DESIGN We analysed frequency, phenotype, transcriptional regulation and function of blood MAIT cells in severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH), alcohol-related cirrhosis (ARC) and healthy controls (HC). We also examined direct impact of ethanol, bacterial products from faecal extracts and antigenic hyperstimulation on MAIT cell functionality. Presence of MAIT cells in colon and liver was assessed by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry/gene expression respectively. RESULTS In ARC and SAH, blood MAIT cells were dramatically depleted, hyperactivated and displayed defective antibacterial cytokine/cytotoxic responses. These correlated with suppression of lineage-specific transcription factors and hyperexpression of homing receptors in the liver with intrahepatic preservation of MAIT cells in ALD. These alterations were stronger in SAH, where surrogate markers of bacterial infection and microbial translocation were higher than ARC. Ethanol exposure in vitro, in vivo alcohol withdrawal and treatment with Escherichia coli had no effect on MAIT cell frequencies, whereas exposure to faecal bacteria/antigens induced functional impairments comparable with blood MAIT cells from ALD and significant MAIT cell depletion, which was not observed in other T cell compartments. CONCLUSIONS In ALD, the antibacterial potency of MAIT cells is compromised as a consequence of contact with microbial products and microbiota, suggesting that the 'leaky' gut observed in ALD drives MAIT cell dysfunction and susceptibility to infection in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riva
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK,Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Vishal Patel
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK,Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK,Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ayako Kurioka
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah C Jeffery
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR BRU in Liver Disease, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gavin Wright
- Department of Gastroenterology, Basildon University Hospital, Basildon, UK
| | - Sarah Tarff
- Department of Gastroenterology, Basildon University Hospital, Basildon, UK
| | - Debbie Shawcross
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK,Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer M Ryan
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Evans
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK
| | - Sarah Azarian
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VAMC, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrew Fagan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VAMC, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Vinood Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Kosha Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Carlos Lopez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Marieta Simonova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krum Katzarov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Hadzhiolova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Slava Pavlova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Julia A Wendon
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ye Htun Oo
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR BRU in Liver Disease, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roger Williams
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK,Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK,Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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22
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Metzemaekers M, Vanheule V, Janssens R, Struyf S, Proost P. Overview of the Mechanisms that May Contribute to the Non-Redundant Activities of Interferon-Inducible CXC Chemokine Receptor 3 Ligands. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1970. [PMID: 29379506 PMCID: PMC5775283 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are predominantly induced by interferon (IFN)-γ and share an exclusive chemokine receptor named CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3). With a prototype function of directing temporal and spatial migration of activated T cells and natural killer cells, and inhibitory effects on angiogenesis, these CXCR3 ligands have been implicated in infection, acute inflammation, autoinflammation and autoimmunity, as well as in cancer. Intense former research efforts led to recent and ongoing clinical trials using CXCR3 and CXCR3 ligand targeting molecules. Scientific evidence has claimed mutual redundancy, ligand dominance, collaboration or even antagonism, depending on the (patho)physiological context. Most research on their in vivo activity, however, illustrates that CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 each contribute to the activation and trafficking of CXCR3 expressing cells in a non-redundant manner. When looking into detail, one can unravel a multistep machinery behind final CXCR3 ligand functions. Not only can specific cell types secrete individual CXCR3 interacting chemokines in response to certain stimuli, but also the receptor and glycosaminoglycan interactions, major associated intracellular pathways and susceptibility to processing by particular enzymes, among others, seem ligand-specific. Here, we overview major aspects of the molecular properties and regulatory mechanisms of IFN-induced CXCR3 ligands, and propose that their in vivo non-redundancy is a reflection of the unprecedented degree of versatility that seems inherent to the IFN-related CXCR3 chemokine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Vanheule
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Janssens
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Pitt JM, Vétizou M, Daillère R, Roberti MP, Yamazaki T, Routy B, Lepage P, Boneca IG, Chamaillard M, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. Resistance Mechanisms to Immune-Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer: Tumor-Intrinsic and -Extrinsic Factors. Immunity 2017; 44:1255-69. [PMID: 27332730 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 710] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of immune regulatory checkpoints, such as CTLA-4 and the PD-1-PD-L1 axis, is at the forefront of immunotherapy for cancers of various histological types. However, such immunotherapies fail to control neoplasia in a significant proportion of patients. Here, we review how a range of cancer-cell-autonomous cues, tumor-microenvironmental factors, and host-related influences might account for the heterogeneous responses and failures often encountered during therapies using immune-checkpoint blockade. Furthermore, we describe the emerging evidence of how the strong interrelationship between the immune system and the host microbiota can determine responses to cancer therapies, and we introduce a concept by which prior or concomitant modulation of the gut microbiome could optimize therapeutic outcomes upon immune-checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Pitt
- Institut de Cancérologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, 94800 Villejuif, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie Vétizou
- Institut de Cancérologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, 94800 Villejuif, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Romain Daillère
- Institut de Cancérologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, 94800 Villejuif, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - María Paula Roberti
- Institut de Cancérologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Institut de Cancérologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Bertrand Routy
- Institut de Cancérologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, 94800 Villejuif, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Patricia Lepage
- Micalis UMR 1319, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78360 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ivo Gomperts Boneca
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; Equipe Avenir, INSERM, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- Université de Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM U848, 94800 Villejuif, France; Metabolomics Platform, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France; Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Institut de Cancérologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France; INSERM U1015, 94800 Villejuif, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Center of Clinical Investigations CICBT1428, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif Cedex 05, France.
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24
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Phillips S, Mistry S, Riva A, Cooksley H, Hadzhiolova-Lebeau T, Plavova S, Katzarov K, Simonova M, Zeuzem S, Woffendin C, Chen PJ, Peng CY, Chang TT, Lueth S, De Knegt R, Choi MS, Wedemeyer H, Dao M, Kim CW, Chu HC, Wind-Rotolo M, Williams R, Cooney E, Chokshi S. Peg-Interferon Lambda Treatment Induces Robust Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. Front Immunol 2017; 8:621. [PMID: 28611778 PMCID: PMC5446997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN-lambda (IFNλ) is a member of the type III IFN family and is reported to possess anti-pathogen, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory properties; however, there are limited data regarding its impact on host immune responses in vivo. We performed longitudinal and comprehensive immunosurveillance to assess the ability of pegylated (peg)-IFNλ to augment antiviral host immunity as part of a clinical trial assessing the efficacy of peg-IFNλ in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. These patients were pretreated with directly acting antiviral therapy (entecavir) for 12 weeks with subsequent addition of peg-IFNλ for up to 32 weeks. In a subgroup of patients, the addition of peg-IFNλ provoked high serum levels of antiviral cytokine IL-18. We also observed the enhancement of natural killer cell polyfunctionality and the recovery of a pan-genotypic HBV-specific CD4+ T cells producing IFN-γ with maintenance of HBV-specific CD8+ T cell antiviral and cytotoxic activities. It was only in these patients that we observed strong virological control with reductions in both viral replication and HBV antigen levels. Here, we show for the first time that in vivo peg-IFNλ displays significant immunostimulatory properties with improvements in the main effectors mediating anti-HBV immunity. Interestingly, the maintenance in HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in the presence of peg-IFNλ is in contrast to previous studies showing that peg-IFNα treatment for CHB results in a detrimental effect on the functionality of this important antiviral T cell compartment. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01204762.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Phillips
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sameer Mistry
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Riva
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Cooksley
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Slava Plavova
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krum Katzarov
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marieta Simonova
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stephan Zeuzem
- Johann Wolfgang, Goethe University Medical Center, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Clive Woffendin
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Dao
- Precision Diagnostic Laboratory, Santa Ana, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Megan Wind-Rotolo
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, CT, United States
| | - Roger Williams
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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CCL2 nitration is a negative regulator of chemokine-mediated inflammation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44384. [PMID: 28290520 PMCID: PMC5349559 DOI: 10.1038/srep44384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines promote leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. The oxidative burst is an important effector mechanism, this leads to the generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), including peroxynitrite (ONOO). The current study was performed to determine the potential for nitration to alter the chemical and biological properties of the prototypical CC chemokine, CCL2. Immunofluorescence was performed to assess the presence of RNS in kidney biopsies. Co-localisation was observed between RNS-modified tyrosine residues and the chemokine CCL2 in diseased kidneys. Nitration reduced the potential of CCL2 to stimulate monocyte migration in diffusion gradient chemotaxis assays (p < 0.05). This was consistent with a trend towards reduced affinity of the nitrated chemokine for its cognate receptor CCR2b. The nitrated chemokine was unable to induce transendothelial monocyte migration in vitro and failed to promote leukocyte recruitment when added to murine air pouches (p < 0.05). This could potentially be attributed to reduced glycosaminoglycan binding ability, as surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed that nitration reduced heparan sulphate binding by CCL2. Importantly, intravenous administration of nitrated CCL2 also inhibited the normal recruitment of leukocytes to murine air pouches filled with unmodified CCL2. Together these data suggest that nitration of CCL2 during inflammation provides a mechanism to limit and resolve acute inflammation.
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26
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Chen Y, Shen C, Guha D, Ding M, Kulich S, Ashimkhanova A, Rinaldo C, Seaberg E, Margolick JB, Stosor V, Martínez-Maza O, Gupta P. Identification of the transcripts associated with spontaneous HCV clearance in individuals co-infected with HIV and HCV. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:693. [PMID: 27875997 PMCID: PMC5120459 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-2044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) influences the outcome and natural disease progression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. While the majority of HCV mono-infected and HCV/HIV co-infected subjects develop chronic HCV infection, 20-46% of mono- and co-infected subjects spontaneously clear HCV infection. The mechanism underlying viral clearance is not clearly understood. Analysis of differential cellular gene expression (mRNA) between HIV-infected patients with persistent HCV infection or spontaneous clearance could provide a unique opportunity to decipher the mechanism of HCV clearance. METHODS Plasma RNA from HIV/HCV co-infected subjects who cleared HCV and those who remained chronically infected with HCV was sequenced using Ion Torrent technology. The sequencing results were analyzed to identify transcripts that are associated with HCV clearance by measuring differential gene expression in HIV/HCV co-infected subjects who cleared HCV and those who remained chronically infected with HCV. RESULTS We have identified plasma mRNA, the levels of which are significantly elevated (at least 5 fold, False Discovery Rate (FDR) <0.05) before HCV infection in subjects who cleared HCV compared to those who remained chronically infected. Upon further analysis of these differentially expressed genes, before and after HCV infection, we found that before HCV infection 12 genes were uniquely upregulated in the clearance group compared to the chronically infected group. Importantly, a number of these 12 genes and their upstream regulators (such as CCL3, IL17D, LBP, SOCS3, NFKBIL1, IRF) are associated with innate immune response functions. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that subjects who spontaneously clear HCV may express these unique genes associated with innate immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 2138 Parran Hall, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pa, 15261, USA.
| | - Chengli Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 2138 Parran Hall, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pa, 15261, USA
| | - Debjani Guha
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 2138 Parran Hall, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pa, 15261, USA
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 2138 Parran Hall, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pa, 15261, USA
| | - Scott Kulich
- Department of Pathology, VA Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pa, USA
| | - Aiymkul Ashimkhanova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 2138 Parran Hall, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pa, 15261, USA
| | - Charles Rinaldo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 2138 Parran Hall, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pa, 15261, USA
| | - Eric Seaberg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph B Margolick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valentina Stosor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Otoniel Martínez-Maza
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, and Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Phalguni Gupta
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 2138 Parran Hall, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, Pa, 15261, USA
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27
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Bernardini G, Antonangeli F, Bonanni V, Santoni A. Dysregulation of Chemokine/Chemokine Receptor Axes and NK Cell Tissue Localization during Diseases. Front Immunol 2016; 7:402. [PMID: 27766097 PMCID: PMC5052267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small chemotactic molecules that play key roles in physiological and pathological conditions. Upon signaling via their specific receptors, chemokines regulate tissue mobilization and trafficking of a wide array of immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells. Current research is focused on analyzing changes in chemokine/chemokine receptor expression during various diseases to interfere with pathological trafficking of cells or to recruit selected cell types to specific tissues. NK cells are a heterogeneous lymphocyte population comprising several subsets endowed with distinct functional properties and mainly representing distinct stages of a linear development process. Because of their different functional potential, the type of subset that accumulates in a tissue drives the final outcome of NK cell-regulated immune response, leading to either protection or pathology. Correspondingly, chemokine receptors, including CXCR4, CXCR3, and CX3CR1, are differentially expressed by NK cell subsets, and their expression levels can be modulated during NK cell activation. At first, this review will summarize the current knowledge on the contribution of chemokines to the localization and generation of NK cell subsets in homeostasis. How an inappropriate chemotactic response can lead to pathology and how chemokine targeting can therapeutically affect tissue recruitment/localization of distinct NK cell subsets will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS NEUROMED - Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Isernia, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Bonanni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- IRCCS NEUROMED - Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Isernia, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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28
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The Foot-and-Mouth Disease Carrier State Divergence in Cattle. J Virol 2016; 90:6344-64. [PMID: 27147736 PMCID: PMC4936139 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00388-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection was investigated in 46 cattle that were either naive or had been vaccinated using a recombinant, adenovirus-vectored vaccine 2 weeks before challenge. The prevalence of FMDV persistence was similar in both groups (62% in vaccinated cattle, 67% in nonvaccinated cattle), despite vaccinated cattle having been protected from clinical disease. Analysis of antemortem infection dynamics demonstrated that the subclinical divergence between FMDV carriers and animals that cleared the infection had occurred by 10 days postinfection (dpi) in vaccinated cattle and by 21 dpi in nonvaccinated animals. The anatomic distribution of virus in subclinically infected, vaccinated cattle was restricted to the pharynx throughout both the early and the persistent phases of infection. In nonvaccinated cattle, systemically disseminated virus was cleared from peripheral sites by 10 dpi, while virus selectively persisted within the nasopharynx of a subset of animals. The quantities of viral RNA shed in oropharyngeal fluid during FMDV persistence were similar in vaccinated and nonvaccinated cattle. FMDV structural and nonstructural proteins were localized to follicle-associated epithelium of the dorsal soft palate and dorsal nasopharynx in persistently infected cattle. Host transcriptome analysis of tissue samples processed by laser capture microdissection indicated suppression of antiviral host factors (interferon regulatory factor 7, CXCL10 [gamma interferon-inducible protein 10], gamma interferon, and lambda interferon) in association with persistent FMDV. In contrast, during the transitional phase of infection, the level of expression of IFN-λ mRNA was higher in follicle-associated epithelium of animals that had cleared the infection. This work provides novel insights into the intricate mechanisms of FMDV persistence and contributes to further understanding of this critical aspect of FMDV pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE The existence of a prolonged, asymptomatic carrier state is a political impediment for control and potential eradication of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). When FMD outbreaks occur, they are often extinguished by massive depopulation of livestock due to the fear that some animals may have undiagnosed subclinical infection, despite uncertainty over the biological relevance of FMD virus (FMDV) persistence. The work described here elucidates aspects of the FMDV carrier state in cattle which may facilitate identification and/or abrogation of asymptomatic FMDV infection. The divergence between animals that clear infection and those that develop persistent infection was demonstrated to occur earlier than previously established. The host antiviral response in tissues maintaining persistent FMDV was downregulated, whereas upregulation of IFN-λ mRNA was found in the epithelium of cattle that had recently cleared the infection. This suggests that the clearing of FMDV infection is associated with an enhanced mucosal antiviral response, whereas FMDV persistence is associated with suppression of the host antiviral response.
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29
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Qidwai T, Khan MY. Impact of genetic variations in C-C chemokine receptors and ligands on infectious diseases. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:961-971. [PMID: 27316325 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors and ligands are crucial for extensive immune response against infectious diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis, HIV and tuberculosis and a wide variety of other diseases. Role of chemokines are evidenced in the activation and regulation of immune cell migration which is important for immune response against diseases. Outcome of disease is determined by complex interaction among pathogen, host genetic variability and surrounding milieu. Variation in expression or function of chemokines caused by genetic polymorphisms could be associated with attenuated immune responses. Exploration of chemokine genetic polymorphisms in therapeutic response, gene regulation and disease outcome is important. Infectious agents in human host alter the expression of chemokines via epigenetic alterations and thus contribute to disease pathogenesis. Although some fragmentary data are available on chemokine genetic variations and their contribution in diseases, no unequivocal conclusion has been arrived as yet. We therefore, aim to investigate the association of CCR5-CCL5 and CCR2-CCL2 genetic polymorphisms with different infectious diseases, transcriptional regulation of gene, disease severity and response to therapy. Furthermore, the role of epigenetics in genes related to chemokines and infectious disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabish Qidwai
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226 025, India.
| | - M Y Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226 025, India.
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Decalf J, Tarbell KV, Casrouge A, Price JD, Linder G, Mottez E, Sultanik P, Mallet V, Pol S, Duffy D, Albert ML. Inhibition of DPP4 activity in humans establishes its in vivo role in CXCL10 post-translational modification: prospective placebo-controlled clinical studies. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:679-83. [PMID: 27137491 PMCID: PMC4888857 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201506145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical experiments, animal models, and observational studies in humans all support a role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in the N‐terminal truncation of CXCL10, which results in the generation of an antagonist form of the chemokine that limits T‐cell and NK cell migration. Motivated by the ability to regulate lymphocyte trafficking in vivo, we conducted two prospective clinical trials to test the effects of DPP4 inhibition on CXCL10 processing in healthy donors and in chronic hepatitis C patients, a disease in which DPP4 levels are found to be elevated. Participants were treated daily with 100 mg sitagliptin, a clinically approved DPP4 inhibitor. Plasma samples were analyzed using an ultrasensitive single‐molecule assay (Simoa) to distinguish the full‐length CXCL101–77 from the NH2‐truncated CXCL103–77, as compared to the total CXCL10 levels. Sitagliptin treatment resulted in a significant decrease in CXCL103–77 concentration, a reciprocal increase in CXCL101–77, with only minimal effects on total levels of the chemokine. These data provide the first direct evidence that in vivo DPP4 inhibition in humans can preserve the bioactive form of CXCL10, offering new therapeutic opportunities for DPP4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Decalf
- The Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France INSERM U818, Paris, France
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Armanda Casrouge
- The Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France INSERM U818, Paris, France
| | - Jeffrey D Price
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grace Linder
- Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Estelle Mottez
- Center for Human Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Sultanik
- Département d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM UMS20, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mallet
- Département d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM UMS20, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Département d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM UMS20, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- The Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France INSERM U818, Paris, France Center for Human Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Matthew L Albert
- The Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France INSERM U818, Paris, France Center for Human Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Hajarizadeh B, Lamoury FM, Feld JJ, Amin J, Keoshkerian E, Matthews GV, Hellard M, Dore GJ, Lloyd AR, Grebely J, Applegate TL. Alanine aminotransferase, HCV RNA levels and pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic cytokines/chemokines during acute hepatitis C virus infection. Virol J 2016; 13:32. [PMID: 26911712 PMCID: PMC4765111 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study assessed the association of alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels with pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic cytokines and chemokines during acute HCV infection to provide further insight into the potential HCV immunopathogenesis. Methods Participants in the ATAHC study, a prospective study of recent HCV infection, with detectable HCV RNA at the time of HCV detection were included. Plasma levels of 27 cytokines and chemokines were measured and their correlation with ALT and HCV RNA levels were assessed. Log10 transformed cytokines and ALT values were used in the analysis. Results Among 117 individuals, the plasma levels of interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (MIP-1β) were positively correlated with ALT levels (IP-10: r = 0.42, P < 0.001; MIP-1β: r = 0.29, P = 0.001) and HCV RNA levels (IP-10: rs = 0.44, P < 0.001; MIP-1β: rs = 0.43, P < 0.001). Using linear regression, after adjusting for sex, age, infection duration, symptomatic infection, HIV co-infection, interferon-lambda rs12979860 genotype, HCV genotype, and assay run, higher ALT levels (β = 0.20; 95 % CI: 0.07, 0.32; P = 0.002) and HCV RNA levels >400,000 IU/mL (vs. <8,500 IU/mL; β = 0.16; 95 % CI: 0.03, 0.28; P = 0.014) were independently associated with higher IP-10 levels. HCV RNA levels >400,000 IU/mL (vs. <8,500 IU/mL; β = 0.16; 95 % CI: 0.01, 0.31; P = 0.036) were associated with higher MIP-1β levels. Conclusions During acute HCV infection, high ALT and HCV RNA levels were associated with increased IP-10 levels, while high HCV RNA levels were also associated with increased MIP-1β levels. These data suggest that IP-10 and MIP-1β may have a role in HCV immuno-pathogenesis starting early in acute HCV infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0482-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Hajarizadeh
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - François Mj Lamoury
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Janaki Amin
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Keoshkerian
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Gail V Matthews
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, 2052, Australia. .,HIV/Immunology/Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Gregory J Dore
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, 2052, Australia. .,HIV/Immunology/Infectious Diseases Clinical Services Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jason Grebely
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Tanya L Applegate
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Wallace Wurth Building, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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Crosignani A, Riva A, Della Bella S. Analysis of peripheral blood dendritic cells as a non-invasive tool in the follow-up of patients with chronic hepatitis C. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1393-1404. [PMID: 26819508 PMCID: PMC4721974 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a high propensity to establish chronic infections. Failure of HCV-infected individuals to activate effective antiviral immune responses is at least in part related to HCV-induced impairment of dendritic cells (DCs) that play a central role in activating T cell responses. Although the impact of HCV on DC phenotype and function is likely to be more prominent in the liver, major HCV-induced alterations are detectable in peripheral blood DCs (pbDCs) that represent the most accessible source of DCs. These alterations include numerical reduction, impaired production of inflammatory cytokines and increased production of immunosuppressive IL10. These changes in DCs are relevant to our understanding the immune mechanisms underlying the propensity of HCV to establish persistent infection. Importantly, the non-invasive accessibility of pbDCs renders the analysis of these cells a convenient procedure that can be serially repeated in patient follow-up. Accordingly, the study of pbDCs in HCV-infected patients during conventional treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin indicated that restoration of normal plasmacytoid DC count may represent an additional mechanism contributing to the efficacy of the dual therapy. It also identified the pre-treatment levels of plasmacytoid DCs and IL10 as putative predictors of response to therapy. Treatment of chronic HCV infection is changing, as new generation direct-acting antiviral agents will soon be available for use in interferon-free therapeutic strategies. The phenotypic and functional analysis of pbDCs in this novel therapeutic setting will provide a valuable tool for investigating mechanisms underlying treatment efficacy and for identifying predictors of treatment response.
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Mortier A, Gouwy M, Van Damme J, Proost P, Struyf S. CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase IV-chemokine interactions: double-edged regulation of inflammation and tumor biology. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 99:955-69. [PMID: 26744452 PMCID: PMC7166560 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mr0915-401r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Review of how chemokine processing by CD26/DPP IV regulates leukocyte trafficking. Post‐translational modification of chemokines is an essential regulatory mechanism to enhance or dampen the inflammatory response. CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase IV, ubiquitously expressed in tissues and blood, removes NH2‐terminal dipeptides from proteins with a penultimate Pro or Ala. A large number of human chemokines, including CXCL2, CXCL6, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12, CCL3L1, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CCL14, and CCL22, are cleaved by CD26; however, the efficiency is clearly influenced by the amino acids surrounding the cleavage site and although not yet proven, potentially affected by the chemokine concentration and interactions with third molecules. NH2‐terminal cleavage of chemokines by CD26 has prominent effects on their receptor binding, signaling, and hence, in vitro and in vivo biologic activities. However, rather than having a similar result, the outcome of NH2‐terminal truncation is highly diverse. Either no difference in activity or drastic alterations in receptor recognition/specificity and hence, chemotactic activity are observed. Analogously, chemokine‐dependent inhibition of HIV infection is enhanced (for CCL3L1 and CCL5) or decreased (for CXCL12) by CD26 cleavage. The occurrence of CD26‐processed chemokine isoforms in plasma underscores the importance of the in vitro‐observed CD26 cleavages. Through modulation of chemokine activity, CD26 regulates leukocyte/tumor cell migration and progenitor cell release from the bone marrow, as shown by use of mice treated with CD26 inhibitors or CD26 knockout mice. As chemokine processing by CD26 has a significant impact on physiologic and pathologic processes, application of CD26 inhibitors to affect chemokine function is currently explored, e.g., as add‐on therapy in viral infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Mortier
- KU Leuven University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- KU Leuven University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Damme
- KU Leuven University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- KU Leuven University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- KU Leuven University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
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Cornberg M, Wiegand SB. ImPortance of IP-10 in hepatitis B. Antivir Ther 2015; 21:93-6. [PMID: 26598599 DOI: 10.3851/imp3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Meissner EG, Decalf J, Casrouge A, Masur H, Kottilil S, Albert ML, Duffy D. Dynamic Changes of Post-Translationally Modified Forms of CXCL10 and Soluble DPP4 in HCV Subjects Receiving Interferon-Free Therapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133236. [PMID: 26181438 PMCID: PMC4504464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum levels of the interferon (IFN)-stimulated chemokine CXCL10 are increased during chronic HCV infection and associate with outcome of IFN-based therapy. Elevated levels of NH2-terminal truncated CXCL10 (3-77aa), produced by DPP4 cleavage, negatively associate with spontaneous clearance of acute HCV infection and sustained virological response (SVR) with IFN-based therapy for chronic infection. The association of different CXCL10 forms and DPP4 with outcome during IFN-free HCV therapy has not been examined. Using novel Simoa assays, plasma was analyzed from HCV genotype-1 (GT1) subjects who relapsed (n = 11) or achieved SVR (n = 10) after sofosbuvir and ribavirin (SOF/RBV) treatment, and from SOF/RBV relapsers who achieved SVR with a subsequent SOF/ledipasvir regimen (n = 9). While the NH2-truncated form of CXCL10 was elevated in HCV infection relative to healthy controls, pre-treatment plasma concentrations of CXCL10 forms failed to stratify subjects based on treatment outcome to IFN-free regimens. However, a trend (statistically non-significant) towards elevated higher levels of total and long CXCL10 was observed pre-treatment in subjects who relapsed. All forms of CXCL10 decreased rapidly following treatment initiation and were again elevated in subjects who experienced HCV relapse, indicating that CXCL10 production may be associated with active viral replication. While soluble DPP4 (sDPP4) and NH2-truncated CXCL10 concentrations were highly correlated, on-treatment sDPP4 levels and activity declined more slowly than CXCL10, suggesting differential regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric G. Meissner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EGM); (DD)
| | - Jérémie Decalf
- The Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U818, Paris, France
| | - Armanda Casrouge
- The Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U818, Paris, France
| | - Henry Masur
- Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Albert
- The Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U818, Paris, France
- Center for Human Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- The Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- INSERM U818, Paris, France
- Center for Human Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (EGM); (DD)
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Dipeptidylpeptidase 4 inhibition enhances lymphocyte trafficking, improving both naturally occurring tumor immunity and immunotherapy. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:850-8. [PMID: 26075911 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The success of antitumor immune responses depends on the infiltration of solid tumors by effector T cells, a process guided by chemokines. Here we show that in vivo post-translational processing of chemokines by dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (DPP4, also known as CD26) limits lymphocyte migration to sites of inflammation and tumors. Inhibition of DPP4 enzymatic activity enhanced tumor rejection by preserving biologically active CXCL10 and increasing trafficking into the tumor by lymphocytes expressing the counter-receptor CXCR3. Furthermore, DPP4 inhibition improved adjuvant-based immunotherapy, adoptive T cell transfer and checkpoint blockade. These findings provide direct in vivo evidence for control of lymphocyte trafficking via CXCL10 cleavage and support the use of DPP4 inhibitors for stabilizing biologically active forms of chemokines as a strategy to enhance tumor immunotherapy.
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Yanai H. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin significantly reduced hepatitis C virus replication in a diabetic patient with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2014; 13:556. [PMID: 25308370 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(14)60308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan.
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