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Patel NM, Geropoulos G, Patel PH, Bhogal RH, Harrington KJ, Singanayagam A, Kumar S. The Role of Mucin Expression in the Diagnosis of Oesophago-Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5252. [PMID: 37958425 PMCID: PMC10650431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival in oesophago-gastric cancer (OGC) is poor due to early diagnostic challenges. Non-invasive risk stratification may identify susceptible patients with pre-malignant or benign disease. Following diagnostic confirmation with endoscopic biopsy, early OGC may be treated sooner. Mucins are transmembrane glycoproteins implicated in OGC with potential use as biomarkers of malignant transformation. This systematic review defines the role of mucins in OGC diagnosis. A literature search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane databases was performed following PRISMA protocols for studies published January 1960-December 2022. Demographic data and data on mucin sampling and analysis methods were extracted. The review included 124 studies (n = 11,386 patients). Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAc) was the commonest OG malignancy (n = 101) followed by oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAc, n = 24) and squamous cell carcinoma (OSqCc, n = 10). Mucins MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 were the most frequently implicated. High MUC1 expression correlated with poorer prognosis and metastases in OSqCc. MUC2 expression decreases during progression from healthy mucosa to OAc, causing reduced protection from gastric acid. MUC5AC was upregulated, and MUC6 downregulated in GAc. Mucin expression varies in OGC; changes may be epigenetic or mutational. Profiling upper GI mucin expression in OGC, with pre-malignant, benign and healthy controls may identify potential early diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Manish Patel
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Georgios Geropoulos
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Pranav Harshad Patel
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Ricky Harminder Bhogal
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kevin Joseph Harrington
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sacheen Kumar
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
- The Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Digestive Disease & Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic London Hospital, London SW1X 7HY, UK
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Nagao S, Takahashi Y, Denda T, Tanaka Y, Miura Y, Mizutani H, Ohki D, Sakaguchi Y, Yakabi S, Tsuji Y, Niimi K, Kakushima N, Yamamichi N, Ota Y, Koike K, Fujishiro M. Reduced DEFA5 Expression and STAT3 Activation Underlie the Submucosal Invasion of Early Gastric Cancers. Digestion 2023; 104:480-493. [PMID: 37598668 DOI: 10.1159/000531790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Submucosal invasion is a core hallmark of early gastric cancer (EGC) with poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism of the progression from intramucosal gastric cancer (IMGC) to early submucosal-invasive gastric cancer (SMGC) is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to identify genes and pathways involved in the submucosal invasion in EGC using comprehensive gene expression analysis. METHODS Gene expression profiling was performed for eight cases of IMGC and eight cases of early SMGC with submucosal invasion ≥500 μm. To validate the findings of gene expression analysis and to examine the gene expression pattern in tissues, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed for 50 cases of IMGC and SMGC each. RESULTS Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of small intestine-specific genes were significantly decreased in SMGC. Among them, defensin alpha 5 (DEFA5) was the most downregulated gene in SMGC, which was further validated in SMGC tissues by IHC staining. Gene set enrichment analysis showed a strong association between SMGC, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and the upregulation of STAT3-activating cytokines. The expression of phosphorylated STAT3 was significant in the nucleus of tumor cells in SMGC tissues but not in areas expressing DEFA5. CONCLUSION The results of this study strongly suggest that the downregulation of DEFA5 and the activation of STAT3 play a significant role in the submucosal invasion of EGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Nagao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamami Denda
- Department of Pathology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Miura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ohki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sakaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Yakabi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Niimi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Kakushima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Yamamichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ota
- Department of Pathology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Li B, Chen T, Liang D, Zhang Y, Ding X, Lv Y. Comparison of clinical and pathological features between early-stage gastric-type and intestinal-type differentiated adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:92. [PMID: 36977979 PMCID: PMC10044372 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinicopathological features and endoscopic characteristics under magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME-NBI) between early-stage gastric-type differentiated adenocarcinoma (GDA) and intestinal-type differentiated adenocarcinoma (IDA) remain controversial. METHODS Early gastric adenocarcinomas that underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between August 2017 and August 2021 were included in the present study. GDA cases and IDA cases were selected based on morphology and immunohistochemistry staining of CD10, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6. Clinicopathological data and endoscopic findings in ME-NBI were compared between GDAs and IDAs. RESULTS The mucin phenotypes of 657 gastric cancers were gastric (n = 307), intestinal (n = 109), mixed (n = 181) and unclassified (n = 60). No significant difference was observed in terms of gender, age, tumor size, gross type, tumor location, background mucosa, lymphatic invasion, and vascular invasion between patients with GDA and IDA. GDA cases were associated with deeper invasion than IDA cases (p = 0.007). In ME-NBI, GDAs were more likely to exhibit an intralobular loop patten, whereas IDAs were more likely to exhibit a fine network pattern. In addition, the proportion of none-curative resection in GDAs was significantly higher than that in IDAs (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION The mucin phenotype of differentiated early gastric adenocarcinoma has clinical significance. GDA was associated with less endoscopically resectability than IDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dingbao Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Navy Anqing Hospital, Anqing, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiwei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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Xi J, Li Y, Zhang H, Bai Z. Dynamic variations of the gastric microbiota: Key therapeutic points in the reversal of Correa's cascade. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1069-1084. [PMID: 36029278 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Correa's cascade is a dynamic process in the development of intestinal-type gastric cancer (GC), and its pathological features, gastric microbiota and interactions between microorganisms and their hosts vary at different developmental stages. The characteristics of cells, tissues and gastric microbiota before or after key therapeutic points are critical for monitoring malignant transformation and early tumour reversal. This review summarises the pathological features of gastric mucosa, characteristics of gastric microbiota, specific microbial markers, microbe-microbe interactions and microbe-host interactions at different stages in Correa's cascade. The markers related to each Correa's cascade point were analysed in detail. We attempted to identify key therapeutic points for early cancer reversal and provide a novel approach to reduce the incidence of GC and improve precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Xi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumour, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,General Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongtian Bai
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,General Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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5
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Kobashi M, Iwamuro M, Kuraoka S, Inoo S, Okanoue S, Satomi T, Hamada K, Abe M, Kono Y, Kanzaki H, Kawano S, Tanaka T, Kawahara Y, Okada H. Endoscopic findings of gastric neoplasms in familial adenomatous polyposis are associated with the phenotypic variations and grades of dysplasia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30997. [PMID: 36254079 PMCID: PMC9575760 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are at increased risk of developing gastric neoplasms. However, endoscopic findings have not been sufficiently investigated. We investigated the phenotypic expression of gastric adenoma (low-grade dysplasia) and gastric cancer (high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma) in patients with FAP and clarified their relationships to endoscopic findings. Of 29 patients with FAP who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy between 2005 and 2020, 11 (38%) had histologically confirmed gastric neoplasms, including 23 lesions of gastric adenoma and 9 lesions of gastric cancer. The gastric neoplasms were classified into 3 phenotypes (gastric, mixed, or intestinal type) according to the immunostaining results and evaluated for location (U or M region: upper or middle third of the stomach or L region: lower third of the stomach), color (same as the background mucosa, whitish, or reddish), macroscopic type (elevated, flat, or depressed), background mucosal atrophy (present or absent), fundic gland polyps in the surrounding mucosa (present or absent), and morphologic changes in tumor size. Elevated whitish gastric adenomas were further subdivided by macroscopic type (flat elevated, protruded, or elevated with a central depression) and color (milky- or pinkish-white). The gastric adenomas included gastric (11/23, 48%), mixed (4/23, 17%), and intestinal (8/23, 35%) phenotypes. In contrast, no lesions of gastric cancers showed a gastric phenotype (0/9, 0%), while 5 (56%) and 4 (44%) lesions were intestinal and mixed phenotypes, respectively. Gastric cancers were significantly more likely than gastric adenomas to present as reddish depressed lesions with gastric atrophy. All gastric-type adenomas occurred in non-atrophic mucosa, in mucosa with fundic gland polyps in the periphery, in the U or M region, and as flat elevated or protruded lesions with a milky-white color. Half of the lesions increased in size. Meanwhile, the typical endoscopic features of intestinal-type adenomas included occurrence in the L region and elevated pinkish-white lesions with central depression. None of the intestinal-type adenomas increased in size during the observation period. We believe that these endoscopic features will be useful for the prompt diagnosis and appropriate management of gastric neoplasms in patients with FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Kobashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaya Iwamuro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sakiko Kuraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shoko Inoo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shotaro Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Satomi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenta Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kanzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Seiji Kawano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kawahara
- Department of Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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6
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Wada Y, Kodama M, Mizukami K, Okimoto T, Fuchino T, Tsutsumi K, Fukuda M, Hirashita Y, Fukuda K, Okamoto K, Ogawa R, Kushima R, Murakami K. Differences in Regression Patterns of Complete and Incomplete Intestinal Metaplasia at Ten Years after Helicobacter pylori Eradication. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2021; 54:185-194. [PMID: 35023881 PMCID: PMC8727845 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.21-00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to reveal the reversibility of subtype of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and Paneth cells after H. pylori eradication (HPE). Among 75 patients, we retrospectively examined the proportions of patients with complete type of IM (CIM), incomplete type of IM (IIM) and Paneth cells in their biopsy specimens obtained from the greater curvature of the antrum (A2) and the greater curvature of the middle corpus (B2) before and during a follow-up period of 10 years after HPE. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine IM type. Compared to before HPE, the proportion of patients with CIM did not decrease significantly during the 10-year follow-up after HPE both in A2 (32% vs. 21.3%, P = 0.13) and in B2 (6.7% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.60). IIM rates in A2 was significantly lower during this time (26.7% vs. 10.7%, P = 0.04), whereas no patients showed IIM in B2 before HPE. The proportion of patients with Paneth cells decreased significantly in A2 after 3, 8, and 9 years of HPE and in B2 after 4, 6 and 9 years of HPE (P < 0.05 for all). Thus, IIM and Paneth cells regressed during a period of 10 years after HPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Wada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Science, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mizukami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Okimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Takafumi Fuchino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Koshiro Tsutsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Masahide Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Yuka Hirashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Kensuke Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Ryo Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kushima
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
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Meng XY, Yang G, Dong CJ, Zheng RY. Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland: A review of clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis. Rare Tumors 2021; 13:20363613211060171. [PMID: 34925726 PMCID: PMC8679019 DOI: 10.1177/20363613211060171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland is a rare, well-differentiated gastric cancer entity, and very few patients transition to poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma during progression. Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland originates from the mucosa of the gastric fundic gland, usually without chronic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia. Histologically, the tumor cells are closely arranged to form anastomosing tubular glands, and more than 95% of tumor cells differentiate towards chief cells. Most gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland cases are characterized by submucosal involvement, but the tumor volume is usually small, with lymphatic and vascular invasion rarely observed. Therefore, endoscopic submucosal dissection can be an ideal treatment, leading to a favorable prognosis, and recurrence and metastasis of the disease are uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-yu Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Cheng-ji Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ru-yi Zheng
- Medical Imaging Center, The Mine Hospital of Xu Zhou, Xuzhou, China
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8
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Peterson C, Plunkard J, Johanson A, Izzi J, Gabrielson K. Immunohistochemical Characterization of a Duodenal Adenocarcinoma with Pulmonary, Hepatic and Parapatellar Metastases in a Common Marmoset (Callithrixjacchus). J Comp Pathol 2021; 189:1-7. [PMID: 34886977 PMCID: PMC8669625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An 11-year-old male common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) presented with chronic, progressive weight loss and diarrhoea. Response to treatment with nutritional supplementation, antibiotics and immunosuppressants was modest and transient, and the animal was humanely euthanized. At necropsy, the proximal 8 cm of small intestine was diffusely pale with transmural thickening. The lungs contained coalescing tan, firm nodules measuring up to 4 mm in diameter. Histological examination revealed infiltrative mucinous adenocarcinoma of the duodenum with extensive metastases to the lungs, liver and left parapatellar adipose tissue. The mucinous matrix secreted by the primary and metastatic lesions was strongly periodic acid-Schiff positive. Warthin Starry staining for spirochaetes was negative. Pancytokeratin expression was attenuated in the primary tumour as well as in the metastases, which correlated to a poorly differentiated phenotype. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a proximal duodenal adenocarcinoma with extensive metastatic disease in a common marmoset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Peterson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Jessica Plunkard
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Johanson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Izzi
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen Gabrielson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Battista S, Ambrosio MR, Limarzi F, Gallo G, Saragoni L. Molecular Alterations in Gastric Preneoplastic Lesions and Early Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6652. [PMID: 34206291 PMCID: PMC8268370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of gastric cancer is dramatically improved by early diagnosis. Correa's cascade correlates the expression of some molecular markers with the progression of preneoplastic lesions toward carcinoma. This article reviews the diagnostic and prognostic values of molecular markers in complete (MUC2) and incomplete (MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) intestinal metaplasia, gastric dysplasia/intra-epithelial neoplasia, and early gastric cancer. In particular, considering preinvasive neoplasia and early gastric cancer, some studies have demonstrated a correlation between molecular alterations and prognosis, for example, mucins phenotype in gastric dysplasia, and GATA6, TP53 mutation/LOH and MUC6 in early gastric cancer. Moreover, this review considers novelties from the literature regarding the (immuno)histochemical characterization of diffuse-type/signet ring cell gastric cancer, with particular attention to clinical outcomes of patients. The aim of this review is the evaluation of the state of the art regarding suitable biomarkers used in the pre-surgical phase, which can distinguish patients with different prognoses and help decide the best therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Battista
- Pathology Department, “S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital”, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Limarzi
- Pathology Department, “G.B. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni Hospital”, Emilia-Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (F.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Graziana Gallo
- Pathology Department, “M. Bufalini Hospital”, Emilia Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Luca Saragoni
- Pathology Department, “G.B. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni Hospital”, Emilia-Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (F.L.); (L.S.)
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10
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Ratan C, Cicily K D D, Nair B, Nath LR. MUC Glycoproteins: Potential Biomarkers and Molecular Targets for Cancer Therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:132-152. [PMID: 33200711 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201116113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MUC proteins have great significance as prognostic and diagnostic markers as well as a potential target for therapeutic interventions in most cancers of glandular epithelial origin. These are high molecular weight glycosylated proteins located in the epithelial lining of several tissues and ducts. Mucins belong to a heterogeneous group of large O-glycoproteins that can be either secreted or membrane-bound. Glycosylation, a post-translational modification affects the biophysical, functional and biochemical properties and provides structural complexity for these proteins. Aberrant expression and glycosylation of mucins contribute to tumour survival and proliferation in many cancers, which in turn activates numerous signalling pathways such as NF-kB, ERα, HIF, MAPK, p53, c-Src, Wnt and JAK-STAT, etc. This subsequently induces cancer cell growth, proliferation and metastasis. The present review mainly demonstrates the functional aspects of MUC glycoproteins along with its unique signalling mechanism and role of aberrant glycosylation in cancer progression and therapeutics. The importance of MUC proteins and its subtypes in a wide spectrum of cancers including but not limited to breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial and cervical cancer, lung cancer, primary liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and ovarian cancer has been exemplified with significance in targeting the same. Several patents associated with the MUC proteins in the field of cancer therapy are also emphasized in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chameli Ratan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Dalia Cicily K D
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
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11
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Overview of Epstein-Barr-Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer Correlated with Prognostic Classification and Development of Therapeutic Options. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249400. [PMID: 33321820 PMCID: PMC7764600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a deadly disease with poor prognosis that is characterized by heterogeneity. New classifications based on histologic features, genotypes, and molecular phenotypes, for example, the Cancer Genome Atlas subtypes and those by the Asian Cancer Research Group, help understand the carcinogenic differences in GC and have led to the identification of an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-related GC subtype (EBVaGC), providing new indications for tailored treatment and prognostic factors. This article provides a review of the features of EBVaGC and an update on the latest insights from EBV-related research with a particular focus on the strict interaction between EBV infection and the gastric tumor environment, including the host immune response. This information may help increase our knowledge of EBVaGC pathogenesis and the mechanisms that sustain the immune response of patients since this mechanism has been demonstrated to offer a survival advantage in a proportion of patients with GC.
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12
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Mukaisho KI, Kanai S, Kushima R, Nakayama T, Hattori T, Sugihara H. Barretts's carcinogenesis. Pathol Int 2019; 69:319-330. [PMID: 31290583 PMCID: PMC6851828 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus is considered a precancerous lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Long‐segment Barrett's esophagus, which is generally associated with intestinal metaplasia, has a higher rate of carcinogenesis than short‐segment Barrett's esophagus, which is mainly composed of cardiac‐type mucosa. However, a large number of cases reportedly develop EAC from the cardiac‐type mucosa which has the potential to involve intestinal phenotypes. There is no consensus regarding whether the definition of Barrett's epithelium should include intestinal metaplasia. Basic researches using rodent models have provided information regarding the origins of Barrett's epithelium. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether differentiated gastric columnar epithelium or stratified esophageal squamous epithelium undergo transdifferentiation into the intestinal‐type columnar epithelium, transcommittment into the columnar epithelium, or whether the other pathways exist. Reflux of duodenal fluid including bile acids into the stomach may occur when an individual lies down after eating, which could cause the digestive juices to collect in the fornix of the stomach. N‐nitroso‐bile acids are produced with nitrites that are secreted from the salivary glands, and bile acids can drive expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines via EGFR or the NF‐κB pathway. These steps may contribute significantly to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Mukaisho
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shunpei Kanai
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kushima
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Takahisa Nakayama
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Takanori Hattori
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugihara
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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13
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Fukuda M, Ishigaki H, Ban H, Sugimoto M, Tanaka E, Yonemaru J, Kuroe S, Namura T, Matsubara A, Moritani S, Murakami K, Andoh A, Kushima R. No transformation of a fundic gland polyp with dysplasia into invasive carcinoma after 14 years of follow-up in a proton pump inhibitor-treated patient: A case report. Pathol Int 2018; 68:706-711. [PMID: 30511782 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A fundic gland polyp (FGP) is a common gastric polyp. Intraepithelial neoplasia in FGPs, referred to as FGP with dysplasia, is often seen in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). In sporadic FGPs, low-grade dysplasia (LGD) is rare, and high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or carcinoma arising from sporadic FGPs is extremely rare. Because of this rarity, the prognosis and appropriate management of these lesions have not been clarified. In the present case, a sporadic FGP with LGD did not develop into invasive carcinoma, but contained foci of HGD 14 years after diagnosis. The biopsy specimen of the polyp taken at the first esophagogastroduodenoscopy 15 years earlier was diagnosed as FGP without dysplasia. At the second histological examination, LGD was found. Because the polyp increased in size during proton pump inhibitor therapy for 14 years, endoscopic mucosal resection was performed. The pathological diagnosis of the resected specimen was FGP with HGD mixed in LGD, with no invasive carcinoma. Dysplasia in FGPs might have less malignant potential regardless of dysplasia or size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Fukuda
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Oita University, Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ishigaki
- Division of Pathology and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Ban
- Division of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Mitsushige Sugimoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Eri Tanaka
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Junpei Yonemaru
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shinobu Kuroe
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomo Namura
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akiko Matsubara
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Suzuko Moritani
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oita University, Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Division of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kushima
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Japan
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14
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Urabe M, Ushiku T, Shinozaki-Ushiku A, Iwasaki A, Yamazawa S, Yamashita H, Seto Y, Fukayama M. Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction and its background mucosal pathology: A comparative analysis according to Siewert classification in a Japanese cohort. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5145-5154. [PMID: 30239168 PMCID: PMC6198208 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) has heterogeneous carcinogenic process due to its location straddling the esophagogastric junction. We assessed background mucosal pathology and its correlation with clinicopathological features of each Siewert type of AEG. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of 103 AEGs and 58 gastric cancers (GCs) were conducted. Background mucosal features were evaluated according to the updated Sydney System. Siewert classification divided 103 AEGs into three type I, 75 type II, and 25 type III tumors, respectively. Two type I, 9 type II AEGs, and none of type III AEGs were Barrett-related and were excluded from further analysis. Background mucosa of type III AEGs more frequently showed moderate to marked degree of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia than those of type II AEGs and was very similar to those of GCs. Among type II AEGs, tumors with atrophic background were significantly associated with higher patient age and intestinal-type histology. Type II AEGs with nonatrophic background, but not those with atrophic background, showed more frequent mismatch repair deficiency, TP53 overexpression, and less frequent intestinal phenotypic markers expression than type III AEG or GC. Type II AEGs with atrophic background involved suprapancreatic nodes more frequently than those without. We demonstrated that chronic atrophic gastritis was a major precancerous condition of AEG in the Japanese population, especially Siewert type III which had background mucosal pathology similar to that of GC. Type II AEGs with and without atrophic background showed some clinicopathological differences, and these observations might represent heterogeneous carcinogenic process within type II AEGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Urabe
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Shinozaki-Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Yamazawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Yamashita
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Taniyama D, Taniyama K, Kuraoka K, Zaitsu J, Saito A, Nakatsuka H, Sakamoto N, Sentani K, Oue N, Yasui W. Long-term follow-up study of gastric adenoma; tumor-associated macrophages are associated to carcinoma development in gastric adenoma. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:929-939. [PMID: 28321517 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-017-0713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some gastric adenomas may progress to adenocarcinoma in a short time, but others remain as adenoma for a long time. METHODS Among 1138 cases diagnosed as adenoma by biopsy at Kure Medical Association Hospital between 1990 and 2010, 51 adenomas were enrolled. Of these, 28 adenomas (group A) were followed for 60 months or longer with no progression to adenocarcinoma within 60 months, and the other 23 adenomas (group B) were upgraded to carcinoma by consecutive biopsies performed within 1 year after the first biopsy. These adenomas were compared clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically. RESULTS Macroscopically, the mean size of group B adenomas was significantly larger than that of group A adenomas (18.6 vs. 9.9 mm) at the first biopsy. The frequency of a depressed area in the adenoma was significantly higher in group B than group A. Microscopically none of group A but 7 (30.4%) of 23 group B adenomas showed severe atypia. Each of a highly proliferative gland measured by Ki-67 labeling, cellular atypical grade, gastric phenotype defined by MUC5AC and MUC6 and CD204-positive tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) was a significant risk factor for adenocarcinoma development in gastric adenoma by univariate analysis. Only moderate or severe atypia of adenoma cells and the TAM number in the stroma of adenomas were independent risk factors by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS As independent risk factors, cellular atypia may reconfirm the importance of morphological analysis, and the TAM number may indicate the significance of TAM function in gastric adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Taniyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.,Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama-cho, Kure, 737-0023, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Taniyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan. .,Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama-cho, Kure, 737-0023, Japan. .,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Kuraoka
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama-cho, Kure, 737-0023, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Japan
| | - Junichi Zaitsu
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama-cho, Kure, 737-0023, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Japan
| | - Akihisa Saito
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama-cho, Kure, 737-0023, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Japan
| | | | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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16
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Hondo FY, Kishi H, Safatle-Ribeiro AV, Pessorrusso FCS, Ribeiro U, Maluf-Filho F. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MUCIN PHENOTYPE CAN PREDICT GASTRIC CANCER RECURRENCE AFTER ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2017; 54:308-314. [PMID: 28954038 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201700000-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic mucosal resection is still considered an accepted treatment for early gastric cancer for selected cases. Histopathologic criteria for curative endoscopic resection are intramucosal well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, lateral and deep margins free of tumor, no histological ulceration, and no venous or lymphatic embolism. A 5% local recurrence rate has been described even when all the above-mentioned criteria are met. On the other hand, antigen expression by tumoral cells has been related to the biological behavior of several tumors. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether early gastric cancer mucin immunoexpression, p53 and Ki-67, can predict recurrence after endoscopic mucosal resection, even when standard histopathologic criteria for curative measures have been attempted. METHODS Twenty-two patients with early gastric cancer were considered to have been completely resected by endoscopic mucosal resection. Local recurrence occurred in 5/22 (22.7%). Immunohistochemical study was possible in 18 (81.8%) resected specimens. Patients were divided in two groups: those with and those without local recurrence. They were compared across demographic, endoscopic, histologic data, and immunohistochemical factors for MUC2, MUC5a, CD10, p53, and Ki-67. RESULTS Mucin immunoexpression allowed a reclassification of gastric adenocarcinoma in intestinal (10), gastric (2), mixed (4), and null phenotypes (2). Mixed phenotype (positive for both MUC2 and MUC5a) was found in 80% of cases in the local recurrence group, while the intestinal type (positive MUC2 and negative MUC5a) was found in 76.9% of cases without local recurrence (P=0.004). Other observed features did not correlate with neoplastic recurrence. CONCLUSION The mixed phenotype of early gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with a higher probability of local recurrence after endoscopic mucosal resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Yuji Hondo
- Gastrocirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Humberto Kishi
- Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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17
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Ok KS, Kim GH, Park DY, Lee HJ, Jeon HK, Baek DH, Lee BE, Song GA. Magnifying Endoscopy with Narrow Band Imaging of Early Gastric Cancer: Correlation with Histopathology and Mucin Phenotype. Gut Liver 2017; 10:532-41. [PMID: 27021504 PMCID: PMC4933412 DOI: 10.5009/gnl15364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME-NBI) is a useful modality for the detailed visualization of microsurface (MS) and microvascular (MV) structures in the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to determine whether the MS and MV patterns in ME-NBI differ according to the histologic type, invasion depth, and mucin phenotype of early gastric cancers (EGCs). Methods The MS and MV patterns of 160 lesions in 160 patients with EGC who underwent ME-NBI before endoscopic or surgical resection were prospectively collected and analyzed. EGCs were categorized as either differentiated or undifferentiated and as either mucosal or submucosal, and their mucin phenotypes were determined via immunohistochemistry of the tumor specimens. Results Differentiated tumors mainly displayed an oval and/or tubular MS pattern and a fine network or loop MV pattern, whereas undifferentiated tumors mainly displayed an absent MS pattern and a corkscrew MV pattern. The destructive MS pattern was associated with submucosal invasion, and this association was more prominent in the differentiated tumors than in the undifferentiated tumors. MUC5AC expression was increased in lesions with either a papillary or absent MS pattern and a corkscrew MV pattern, whereas MUC6 expression was increased in lesions with a papillary MS pattern and a loop MV pattern. CD10 expression was more frequent in lesions with a fine network MV pattern. Conclusions ME-NBI can be useful for predicting the histopathology and mucin phenotype of EGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sun Ok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Gwang Ha Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Do Youn Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Bong Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Geun Am Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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18
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Anjiki H, Mukaisho KI, Kadomoto Y, Doi H, Yoshikawa K, Nakayama T, Vo DTN, Hattori T, Sugihara H. Adenocarcinoma arising in multiple hyperplastic polyps in a patient with Helicobacter pylori infection and hypergastrinemia during long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy. Clin J Gastroenterol 2017; 10:128-136. [DOI: 10.1007/s12328-017-0714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Ushiku T, Ishikawa S, Kakiuchi M, Tanaka A, Katoh H, Aburatani H, Lauwers GY, Fukayama M. RHOA mutation in diffuse-type gastric cancer: a comparative clinicopathology analysis of 87 cases. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:403-411. [PMID: 25823974 PMCID: PMC4824805 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have discovered recurrent RHOA mutations in diffuse-type gastric cancers. These reports show mutant RhoA is an important cancer driver and is a potential therapeutic target. This study aims to investigate the clinicopathological features of diffuse-type gastric cancers with RHOA mutation. METHODS We performed a thorough review of 87 diffuse-type gastric cancers, including 22 RHOA-mutated and 65 RHOA wild-type gastric cancers. RESULTS Most advanced tumors with RHOA mutation appeared as Borrmann type 3 lesions (81 %) developing in the middle (50 %) or distal (32 %) third of the stomach. Histologically, although all of the tumors were predominantly or exclusively composed of poorly cohesive carcinoma, limited tubular differentiation was also observed in 73 % of the RHOA-mutated tumors. Notably, RHOA-mutated tumors more frequently showed a permeative growth pattern at the edge of the mucosal area (59 %) compared with RHOA wild-type tumors (29 %, P = 0.0202). Additionally, the size ratios of the deeply invasive components to the mucosal components were significantly lower in RHOA-mutated tumors [less than 1.45 (median) in 68 % of cases] than in RHOA wild-type tumors (less than 1.45 in 42 % of cases, P = 0.0482). RHOA mutation did not significantly impact survival in this study. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that RHOA mutation may be associated with the growth patterns of diffuse-type gastric cancer but have a limited prognostic impact in isolation. Further studies, including analyses of the other alterations involving the RhoA pathways, such as CLDN18-ARHGAP fusion, as well as functional studies of mutant RhoA, are necessary to clarify the significance of alterations in the RhoA-signaling pathway in diffuse-type gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 Japan
| | - Miwako Kakiuchi
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Katoh
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gregory Y. Lauwers
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Boston, MA USA
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Surrounding Gastric Mucosa Findings Facilitate Diagnosis of Gastric Neoplasm as Gastric Adenoma or Early Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2016:6527653. [PMID: 26858751 PMCID: PMC4706934 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6527653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim. It is difficult to master the skill of discriminating gastric adenoma from early gastric cancer by conventional endoscopy or magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow-band imaging, because the colors and morphologies of these neoplasms are occasionally similar. We focused on the surrounding gastric mucosa findings in order to determine how to discriminate between early gastric cancer and gastric adenoma by analyzing the characteristics of the gastric background mucosa. Methods. We retrospectively examined 146 patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric neoplasm between October 2009 and January 2015. The boundary of atrophic gastritis was classified endoscopically according to the Kimura-Takemoto classification system. Of 146 lesions, 63 early gastric cancers and 21 gastric adenomas were ultimately evaluated and assessed. Results. Almost all gastric adenomas were accompanied by open-type gastritis, whereas 47 and 16 early gastric cancers were accompanied by open-type and closed-type gastritis, respectively (p = 0.037). Conclusions. The evaluation of the boundary of atrophic gastritis associated with gastric neoplasms appears to be useful for discrimination between early gastric cancer and gastric adenoma. When gastric neoplasm is present in the context of surrounding localized gastric atrophy, gastric cancer is probable but not certain.
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21
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Kim A, Ahn SJ, Park DY, Lee BE, Song GA, Kim GH, Lauwers GY. Gastric crypt dysplasia: a distinct subtype of gastric dysplasia with characteristic endoscopic features and immunophenotypic and biological anomalies. Histopathology 2015; 68:843-9. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahrong Kim
- Department of Pathology; Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine and BioMedical Research Institute; Pusan National University Hospital; Busan Korea
| | - Sang-Jeong Ahn
- Department of Pathology; Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine and BioMedical Research Institute; Pusan National University Hospital; Busan Korea
| | - Do Youn Park
- Department of Pathology; Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine and BioMedical Research Institute; Pusan National University Hospital; Busan Korea
| | - Bong-Eun Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology; Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine and BioMedical Research Institute; Pusan National University Hospital; Busan Korea
| | - Geum-Am Song
- Department of Gastroenterology; Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine and BioMedical Research Institute; Pusan National University Hospital; Busan Korea
| | - Gwang Ha Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology; Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine and BioMedical Research Institute; Pusan National University Hospital; Busan Korea
| | - Gregory Y Lauwers
- Department of Pathology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
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22
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Expression of adipophilin in gastric epithelial neoplasia is associated with intestinal differentiation and discriminates between adenoma and adenocarcinoma. Virchows Arch 2015; 468:169-77. [PMID: 26531096 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipophilin, a lipid droplet-associated protein that regulates lipid droplet structure and formation, is expressed in a wide variety of tumors. The aims of this study were to evaluate the frequency and distribution pattern of adipophilin expression in gastric epithelial neoplasia and to correlate these variables with clinicopathological features and the mucin phenotype. We retrospectively examined 159 cases of gastric epithelial neoplasia, which were classified according to the Vienna classification system as 52 noninvasive low-grade adenoma (category 3), 65 noninvasive high-grade neoplasia (category 4), and 42 invasive neoplasia (category 5). Immunohistochemistry for adipophilin was performed, and phenotypic marker expression was determined by immunohistostaining with MUC2, MUC5AC, CD10, MUC6, and villin. Adipophilin was expressed in 41 of the 52 (79 %) category 3 cases, in 42 of the 65 (65 %) category 4 cases, and in 23 of the 42 (55 %) category 5 cases. Expression of adipophilin was only present in lesions with complete or incomplete intestinal phenotypes. Adipophilin was expressed more frequently in the surface epithelium in category 3, whereas there was a stepwise increase in cryptal staining of adipophilin from category 3 to category 5. In conclusion, adipophilin expression is closely related to the intestinal differentiation of the tumor. The pattern of immunostaining for adipophilin might be a useful new marker for discriminating adenomas from adenocarcinomas.
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Epithelial dysplasia of the stomach with gastric immunophenotype shows features of biological aggressiveness. Gastric Cancer 2015; 18:720-8. [PMID: 25146833 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-014-0416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric dysplasia is classified as adenomatous/type I (intestinal phenotype) and foveolar or pyloric/type II (gastric phenotype) according to morphological (architectural and cytological) features. The immunophenotypic classification of dysplasia, based on the expression of the mucins, CD10 and CDX2, recognizes the following immunophenotypes: intestinal (MUC2, CD10, and CDX2); gastric (MUC5AC and/or MUC6, absence of CD10, and absent or low expression of CDX2); hybrid (gastric and intestinal markers); and null. METHODS Sixty-six cases of nonpolypoid epithelial dysplasia of the stomach were classified according to morphological features (histotype and grade) and immunophenotype. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with antibodies against MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, CD10, CDX2, chromogranin, synaptophysin, Ki-67, and TP53. HER2 alterations were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and silver-enhanced in situ hybridization. RESULTS By conventional histology, dysplasia was classified as adenomatous/intestinal (n = 42; 64 %) and foveolar or pyloric/gastric (n = 24; 36 %) and graded as low grade (n = 37; 56 %) or high grade (n = 29; 44 %). Immunophenotypic classification showed intestinal (n = 22; 33.3 %), gastric (n = 25; 37.9 %), hybrid (n = 17; 25.8 %), or null (n = 2; 3.0 %) phenotypes. In 20 cases a coexistent intramucosal carcinoma was identified. The intestinal immunophenotype was shown to be significantly associated with low-grade dysplasia (p = 0.001), high expression of CDX2 (p = 0.015), TP53 (p = 0.034), synaptophysin (p = 0.003), and chromogranin (p < 0.0001); the gastric immunophenotype was significantly associated with high-grade dysplasia (p = 0.001), high Ki-67 proliferative index (p = 0.05), and coexistence of intramucosal carcinoma (p = 0.013). HER2 amplification was observed in 3 cases, typed as gastric or hybrid. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial nonpolypoid dysplasia of the stomach with gastric immunophenotype shows features of biological aggressiveness and may represent the putative precursor lesion in a pathway of gastric carcinogenesis originated de novo from the native gastric mucosa, leading to gastric-type adenocarcinoma.
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KAWATA SOICHIRO, YASHIMA KAZUO, YAMAMOTO SOHEI, SASAKI SHUJI, TAKEDA YOHEI, HAYASHI AKIHIRO, MATSUMOTO KAZUYA, KAWAGUCHI KOICHIRO, HARADA KENICHI, MURAWAKI YOSHIKAZU. AID, p53 and MLH1 expression in early gastric neoplasms and the correlation with the background mucosa. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:737-743. [PMID: 26622562 PMCID: PMC4509115 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of tumor-associated genes have been associated with gastric cancer development. The present study evaluated differences in tumor-associated protein expression and phenotype among early gastric neoplasms, and correlated these data with those of the background mucosa. The expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), p53 and MLH1 in 151 early gastric neoplasms [22 gastric adenomas, 92 intramucosal carcinomas (MCs), and 37 submucosal carcinomas (SMCs)] was examined immunohistochemically and compared with that of the corresponding background mucosal condition. The cellular phenotypes of the neoplasms and the corresponding background intestinal metaplasia were also determined. Aberrant AID, p53 and MLH1 expression was detected in 36.4, 0 and 0% of the adenomas, in 35.9, 32.6 and 16.3% of the MCs, and in 56.8, 62.2 and 21.6% of the SMCs, respectively. The frequency of aberrant AID and p53 expression in the SMCs was significantly increased compared with that in the MCs (AID, P<0.05; p53, P<0.01). Aberrant AID expression was significantly associated with p53 overexpression in the SMCs (P<0.01), but not in the adenomas or MCs. In addition, AID expression was associated with the severity of mononuclear cell activity in the non-cancerous mucosa adjacent to the tumor (P<0.05), particularly in the SMC cases. The percentage of MCs (34.8%) and SMCs (24.3%) that were of the gastric phenotype was higher compared with the percentage of adenomas (18.2%). These results indicated that p53 and MLH1 expression and a gastric phenotype may be important for carcinogenesis, and that chronic inflammation and AID and p53 expression are associated with submucosal progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- SOICHIRO KAWATA
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - KAZUO YASHIMA
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - SOHEI YAMAMOTO
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - SHUJI SASAKI
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - YOHEI TAKEDA
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - AKIHIRO HAYASHI
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - KAZUYA MATSUMOTO
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - KOICHIRO KAWAGUCHI
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - KENICHI HARADA
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - YOSHIKAZU MURAWAKI
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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Nepomuceno AI, Shao H, Jing K, Ma Y, Petitte JN, Idowu MO, Muddiman DC, Fang X, Hawkridge AM. In-depth LC-MS/MS analysis of the chicken ovarian cancer proteome reveals conserved and novel differentially regulated proteins in humans. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6851-63. [PMID: 26159569 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OVC) remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the world due to the combined lack of early-stage diagnostics and effective therapeutic strategies. The development and application of advanced proteomics technology and new experimental models has created unique opportunities for translational studies. In this study, we investigated the ovarian cancer proteome of the chicken, an emerging experimental model of OVC that develops ovarian tumors spontaneously. Matched plasma, ovary, and oviduct tissue biospecimens derived from healthy, early-stage OVC, and late-stage OVC birds were quantitatively characterized by label-free proteomics. Over 2600 proteins were identified in this study, 348 of which were differentially expressed by more than twofold (p ≤ 0.05) in early- and late-stage ovarian tumor tissue specimens relative to healthy ovarian tissues. Several of the 348 proteins are known to be differentially regulated in human cancers including B2M, CLDN3, EPCAM, PIGR, S100A6, S100A9, S100A11, and TPD52. Of particular interest was ovostatin 2 (OVOS2), a novel 165-kDa protease inhibitor found to be strongly upregulated in chicken ovarian tumors (p = 0.0005) and matched plasma (p = 0.003). Indeed, RT-quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that OVOS2 mRNA and protein were also upregulated in multiple human OVC cell lines compared to normal ovarian epithelia (NOE) cells and immunohistochemical staining confirmed overexpression of OVOS2 in primary human ovarian cancers relative to non-cancerous tissues. Collectively, these data provide the first evidence for involvement of OVOS2 in the pathogenesis of both chicken and human ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelito I Nepomuceno
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Dr., Box 8204, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Kim YK, Shin DH, Kim KB, Shin N, Park WY, Lee JH, Choi KU, Kim JY, Lee CH, Sol MY, Kim MH. MUC5AC and MUC5B enhance the characterization of mucinous adenocarcinomas of the lung and predict poor prognosis. Histopathology 2015; 67:520-8. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young K Kim
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Korea
| | - Dong H Shin
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Korea
| | - Kyung B Kim
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Korea
| | - Nari Shin
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Korea
| | - Won Y Park
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Korea
| | - Jung H Lee
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Korea
| | - Kyung U Choi
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Korea
| | - Jee Y Kim
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Korea
| | - Chang H Lee
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Korea
| | - Mee Y Sol
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Korea
| | - Mi H Kim
- Internal Medicine; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Korea
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Kim JW, Jang JY. Optimal management of biopsy-proven low-grade gastric dysplasia. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 7:396-402. [PMID: 25901219 PMCID: PMC4400629 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i4.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma generally culminates via the inflammation-metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence progression. The prevalence of gastric adenomas shows marked geographic variation. Recently, the rate of diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia (LGD) has increased due to increased use of upper endoscopy. Many investigators have reported that gastric high-grade dysplasia has high potential for malignancy and should be removed; however, the treatment for gastric LGD remains controversial. Although the risk of LGD progression to invasive carcinoma has been reported to be inconsistent, progression has been observed during follow-up. Additionally, the rate of upgraded diagnosis in biopsy-proven LGD is high. Therefore, endoscopic resection (ER) may be useful in the treatment and diagnosis of LGD, especially if lesions are found to have risk factors for upgraded histology after ER, such as large size, surface erythema or depressed morphology. Fatal complications in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are extremely low and its therapeutic and diagnostic outcomes are excellent. Therefore, ESD should be applied preferentially instead of endoscopic mucosal resection.
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Vo DTN, Nakayama T, Yamamoto H, Mukaisho KI, Hattori T, Sugihara H. Progression risk assessments of individual non-invasive gastric neoplasms by genomic copy-number profile and mucin phenotype. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8:6. [PMID: 25881098 PMCID: PMC4346124 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early detection and treatment of non-invasive neoplasms can effectively reduce the incidence of advanced gastric carcinoma (GC), but only when the lineage is continuous between non-invasive and advanced tumours. Although a fraction of non-invasive neoplasms progress to invasive GC, it is difficult to identify individual progression-prone non-invasive neoplasms. To classify non-invasive gland-forming gastric neoplasms into clusters of different levels of progression risk, we applied mucin phenotyping and genomic DNA microarray analyses to intramucosal gland-forming gastric neoplasms. Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 19 non-invasive and 24 invasive gland-forming neoplasms were obtained via endoscopic submucosal dissection or surgical excision. According to the Vienna classification, intramucosal neoplasms were classified as low-grade or high-grade non-invasive neoplasms (LGNs [category 3] and HGNs [category 4], respectively) or invasive carcinomas (intramucosal GCs and mucosal parts of submucosal or deeper GCs [category 5]). Neoplastic lesions were characterized by mucin phenotypes determined using monoclonal antibodies against MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CD10. Genomic DNA samples from mucosal neoplasms were subjected to array-based comparative genomic hybridization and subsequent unsupervised, hierarchical clustering with selected large-sized genes. Results There was no significant difference in mucin phenotype between HGNs/LGNs and invasive carcinomas. The clustering classified samples into stable, unstable, and intermediate. The histological tumour grade or mucin phenotype of non-invasive neoplasms did not correlate with the clustering results. Each cluster may represent an independent lineage of different outcome because the size distribution of non-invasive tumours among the 3 clusters almost overlapped. In contrast, the unstable cluster alone included invasive carcinomas. Conclusions These findings suggest that the outcome of individual tumours is not stochastically determined but can be predicted from the genomic copy-number profile even at the non-invasive stage. Non-invasive neoplasms of the unstable clusters, which accounted for 21% of non-invasive neoplasms, may progress to invasive carcinomas, whereas those of stable cluster may not. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-015-0080-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem Thi-Ngoc Vo
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Takahisa Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Ken-ichi Mukaisho
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Takanori Hattori
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sugihara
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan.
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Baek DH, Kim GH, Park DY, Lee BE, Jeon HK, Lim W, Song GA. Gastric epithelial dysplasia: characteristics and long-term follow-up results after endoscopic resection according to morphological categorization. BMC Gastroenterol 2015; 15:17. [PMID: 25886985 PMCID: PMC4329662 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-015-0249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric epithelial dysplasia (GED) can be morphologically categorized into adenomatous and foveolar types. To date, there have been few studies on the clinical characteristics of GEDs according to the morphologic types. Therefore, we here aimed to elucidate the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with GED and the long-term follow-up results after endoscopic resection according to the morphologic characteristics of GEDs. Methods A total of 357 patients who underwent endoscopic resection for GEDs at Pusan National University Hospital between January 2008 and December 2009 were included in the study. GEDs were morphologically categorized into adenomatous, foveolar, and hybrid types on histologic examination. The clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with GEDs and outcomes of endoscopic resection were analyzed. Results Patients with GED were divided into 3 groups: adenomatous (n = 167, 46.8%), foveolar (n = 103, 28.9%), and hybrid (n = 87, 24.3%) types. Compared to the adenomatous type, foveolar type lesions were more frequently located in the antrum/pylorus, flat/depressed lesions, and normal/reddish in color; and showed more frequent high-grade dysplasia. During the follow–up period (median, 37.3 months), the overall incidence of synchronous and metachronous lesions was 20.8% and 20.1%, respectively; of these, the incidence of synchronous and metachronous gastric cancer was 8.7% and 5.4%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the incidence of synchronous and metachronous lesions according to morphologic types. Conclusion GEDs appear to have different clinicopathologic characteristics according to morphologic types. Irrespective of the morphology, synchronous and metachronous gastric cancers are commonly found after endoscopic resection of GEDs. Therefore, close follow-up surveillance after endoscopic resection of GEDs should be performed for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-739, Korea.
| | - Gwang Ha Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-739, Korea.
| | - Do Youn Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea.
| | - Bong Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-739, Korea.
| | - Hye Kyung Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-739, Korea.
| | - Won Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-739, Korea.
| | - Geun Am Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-739, Korea.
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Is Carcinoma in Columnar-lined Esophagus Always Located Adjacent to Intestinal Metaplasia? Am J Surg Pathol 2015; 39:188-96. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kang HM, Kim GH, Park DY, Cheong HR, Baek DH, Lee BE, Song GA. Magnifying endoscopy of gastric epithelial dysplasia based on the morphologic characteristics. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:15771-15779. [PMID: 25400462 PMCID: PMC4229543 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i42.15771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the difference in magnifying endoscopic findings of gastric epithelial dysplasias (GEDs) according to the morphologic characteristics.
METHODS: This study included 46 GED lesions in 45 patients who underwent magnifying endoscopy using narrow band imaging (ME-NBI) before endoscopic resection. During ME-NBI, the microvascular and microsurface (MS) patterns and the presence of light blue crest (LBC) and white opaque substance were investigated. GEDs were categorized as adenomatous, foveolar, and hybrid types, and their mucin phenotype was evaluated.
RESULTS: Of the 46 lesions, 27 (59%) were categorized as adenomatous, 15 (32%) as hybrid, and the remaining 4 (9%) as foveolar. All adenomatous GEDs showed the round pit and/or tubular MS patterns, all foveolar GEDs showed the papillary pattern, and hybrid GEDs showed mixed patterns (P < 0.001). LBC was more frequently observed in adenomatous GEDs than in hybrid or foveolar GEDs (52%, 33%, 0%, respectively), although this difference was not significant (P = 0.127). The papillary MS pattern was associated with MUC5AC and MUC6 expression, and the round pit and/or tubular MS patterns were associated with CD10 expression.
CONCLUSION: The MS pattern in ME-NBI findings is useful for predicting the morphologic category and mucin phenotype of GEDs, and ME-NBI findings may guide decisions regarding GED treatment.
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Camilo V, Garrido M, Valente P, Ricardo S, Amaral AL, Barros R, Chaves P, Carneiro F, David L, Almeida R. Differentiation reprogramming in gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia: role of SOX2 and CDX2. Histopathology 2014; 66:343-50. [PMID: 25196071 DOI: 10.1111/his.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Intestinal metaplasia (IM), which results from de-novo expression of CDX2, and dysplasia are precursor lesions of gastric cancer that are associated with an increased risk for cancer development. There is much evidence suggesting a role for the transcription factor SOX2 in gastric differentiation. The aim of this study was to attempt to establish the relationship of SOX2 with CDX2 and with the differentiation reprogramming that characterizes gastric carcinogenesis, to assess their involvement in IM and dysplasia. METHODS AND RESULTS Characterization of gastric (SOX2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) and intestinal (CDX2 and MUC2) markers in normal gastric mucosa, in 55 foci of IM and in 26 foci of dysplasia, was performed by immunohistochemistry. SOX2 was expressed in the normal gastric mucosa, in the presumptive stem cell compartment, and was maintained in 7% of the complete (MUC5AC-negative) and 85% of the incomplete (MUC5AC-positive) IM subtypes. Twelve per cent of the dysplastic lesions expressed SOX2, and the association with MUC5AC was lost. CDX2 was present in all IMs and dysplastic lesions. CONCLUSIONS SOX2 is associated with gastric differentiation in incomplete IM and is lost in the progression to dysplasia, whereas CDX2 is acquired de novo in IM and maintained in dysplasia. This suggests that the balance between gastric and intestinal differentiation programmes impacts on the gastric carcinogenesis cascade progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Camilo
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
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Assessment of gastric phenotypes using magnifying narrow-band imaging for differentiation of gastric carcinomas from adenomas. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2014; 2014:274301. [PMID: 25371671 PMCID: PMC4211251 DOI: 10.1155/2014/274301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Conventional white-light endoscopy and forceps biopsy are insufficient for definitive diagnosis of gastric adenoma. Immunohistochemical studies have reported an obvious phenotypic difference between adenomas and carcinomas. We investigated the utility of narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy (NBI-ME) for mucin phenotypic assessment to differentiate carcinomas from adenomas. Methods. NBI-ME findings were classified into A, B, and AB types, which revealed papillary, tubular pits and groove microstructures, respectively. To investigate A-B classifications retrospectively, 137 patients (155 lesions) that were diagnosed pretherapeutically with adenoma or borderline lesions by biopsy were enrolled. The mucin phenotype was analyzed immunohistochemically in the first 60 lesions. Results. After endoscopic submucosal dissection, A type and AB type lesions were determined histologically as carcinoma (81/82, 99%). B type lesions were adenoma (29/73, 40%) and carcinoma (44/73, 60%). A or AB type correlated to histological carcinomas (sensitivity 65%, specificity 97%, and accuracy 71%). Mucin phenotypes were gastric or gastrointestinal in A type and AB type carcinomas (31/37, 84%) and intestinal in B type adenomas and carcinomas (21/23, 91%). Conclusions. NBI-ME has the advantage of the assessment of mucin phenotypes in gastric carcinomas and adenomas. The proposed A-B classification is useful, especially for differentiation of gastric or gastrointestinal carcinomas from adenomas.
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Niv Y, Boltin D, Halpern M, Cohen M, Levi Z, Vilkin A, Morgenstern S, Manugian V, Lawrence ES, Gagneux P, Kaur S, Sharma P, Batra SK, Ho SB. Membrane-bound mucins and mucin terminal glycans expression in idiopathic or Helicobacter pylori, NSAID associated peptic ulcers. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14913-14920. [PMID: 25356051 PMCID: PMC4209554 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the expression of membrane-bound mucins and glycan side chain sialic acids in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated, non-steroidal inflammatory drug (NSAID)-associated and idiopathic-gastric ulcers.
METHODS: We studied a cohort of randomly selected patients with H. pylori (group 1, n = 30), NSAID (group 2, n = 18), combined H. pylori and NSAID associated gastric ulcers (group 3, n = 24), and patients with idiopathic gastric ulcers (group 4, n = 20). Immunohistochemistry for MUC1, MUC4, MUC17, and staining for Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) lectins was performed on sections from the ulcer margins.
RESULTS: Staining intensity of MUC17 was higher in H. pylori ulcers (group 1) than in idiopathic ulcers (group 4), 11.05 ± 3.67 vs 6.93 ± 4.00 for foveola cells, and 10.29 ± 4.67 vs 8.00 ± 3.48 for gland cells, respectively (P < 0.0001). In contrast, MUC1 expression was higher in group 4 compared group 1, 9.89 ± 4.17 vs 2.93 ± 5.13 in foveola cells and 7.63 ± 4.60 vs 2.57± 4.50 for glands, respectively (P < 0.0001). SNA lectin staining was increased in group 4, in parallel to elevated MUC1 expression, indicating more abundant α2-6 sialylation in that group.
CONCLUSION: Cytoplasmic MUC17 staining was significantly decreased in the cases with idiopathic ulcer. The opposite was observed for both MUC1 and SNA lectin. This observation may reflect important pathogenic mechanisms, since different mucins with altered sialylation patterns may differ in their protection efficiency against acid and pepsin.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are currently no accepted clinical guidelines for the surveillance of first-degree relatives (FDRs) of gastric cancer patients. The existence of intestinal metaplasia, as well as altered mucin expression, might be associated with an increased risk for gastric cancer. In the present study we aimed to investigate the mucin phenotype of individuals with a family history of gastric cancer. METHODS We included FDRs of gastric cancer patients. Individuals with functional chest pain served as controls. Upper endoscopy including extensive biopsy according to the Olga protocol was performed. Immunohistochemical staining for MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 was performed. Sera were assayed for pepsinogen I and II. Helicobacter status was determined through Giemsa staining and serological tests. RESULTS Forty FDRs and eight controls were included; the mean age was 46.7 ± 12.0 years. In both the study group and the control group there were no gross endoscopic findings and no histological evidence of intestinal metaplasia. Superficial MUC1 expression was significantly increased in the study group (47.5 vs. 0%; P=0.01). There was no difference in the expression of deep MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, or MUC6 between the groups, nor was there a difference in pepsinogen I/II levels or Helicobacter pylori exposure (35.0 vs. 25.0%; P=0.46). CONCLUSION Despite normal appearing mucosa and the absence of intestinal metaplasia according to histological analysis, FDRs of gastric cancer patients show increased expression of MUC1, which may serve as a predictor of future intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer. Further studies are needed to verify these findings and their implications.
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Kim JY, Park DY, Kim GH, Jeon TY, Lauwers GY. Does clear cell carcinoma of stomach exist? Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of clear cell changes in gastric adenocarcinomas. Histopathology 2014; 65:90-9. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology; Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute; Pusan National University Hospital; Busan Korea
| | - Do Youn Park
- Department of Pathology; Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute; Pusan National University Hospital; Busan Korea
| | - Gwang Ha Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine; Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute; Pusan National University Hospital; Busan Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Jeon
- Department of Surgery; Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute; Pusan National University Hospital; Busan Korea
| | - Gregory Y Lauwers
- Department of Pathology; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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Safatle-Ribeiro AV, Franco KAT, Corbett CEP, Iriya K, Zilberstein B, Ribeiro U. Molecular markers of mucosa harboring gastric adenomas. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2013; 50:141-7. [PMID: 23903625 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032013000200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gastric adenoma is a precursor lesion of the adenocarcinoma. OBJECTIVE To characterize gastric adenomas according to the mucin immunoexpression and to evaluate the immunoexpression of p53, p16ink4a, BCL-2, cyclin D, Ki-67, in the adenoma and in the gastric mucosa harboring adenoma. METHODS Forty gastric specimens from 20 patients were classified as intestinal (MUC2-goblet cell mucin) or foveolar (MUC5AC-gastric-foveolar mucin) adenomas. Immunohistochemistry was performed using streptavidin-biotin-complex method. RESULTS Twelve (60%) patients were men. The mean age was 67.9±12.9 years-old. Intestinal adenomas were detected in 13 (65%) patients and gastric type in 7 (35%). Low-grade dysplasia was present in 13 (65%) of the adenomas, high-grade in 3 (15%), and adenocarcinoma within the polyp in 4 (20%). Six (30%) patients had synchronous adenocarcinoma. p53 immunoexpression was observed in 6/20 (30%) of adenomas, and in 2/6 (33.3%) of synchronous tumors. There was an association between p53 immunoexpression and intestinal type of adenoma/tumor, P=0.04. There was no association between p16ink4a, Bcl-2, cyclin D and Ki-67 and adenoma clinicopathological characteristics. CONCLUSION Immunohistochemistry may be useful to classify the adenomas subtypes and may define the pathway of adenoma to carcinoma sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vaz Safatle-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Ushiku T, Arnason T, Ban S, Hishima T, Shimizu M, Fukayama M, Lauwers GY. Very well-differentiated gastric carcinoma of intestinal type: analysis of diagnostic criteria. Mod Pathol 2013; 26:1620-31. [PMID: 23723017 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Very well-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma of intestinal type is a rare variant of gastric cancer characterized by low-grade nuclear atypia, and for which the diagnostic criteria and clinical behavior are not fully established. This study presents a detailed histologic, immunohistochemical, and clinical analysis of 21 cases. Nuclear atypia was mild in all cases. Characteristic architectural features of this gastric adenocarcinoma variant were pit and glandular anastomosis, spiky glands, distended glands, discohesive cells, abortive glands, and glandular outgrowth. At least three of these features were present in all the cases. Retrospective review of preoperative biopsies in 18 patients revealed that half of the biopsies were originally reported as negative or indeterminate for malignancy. On the basis of immunohistochemical stains for intestinal (MUC2, CD10, and CDX-2) and gastric (MUC5AC and MUC6) markers, 11 (52%) cases had an intestinal immunophenotype and 10 (48%) cases had a mixed immunophenotype. Foci of discohesive neoplastic cells, indicating dedifferentiation toward a poorly cohesive carcinoma, were observed exclusively in neoplasms of mixed immunophenotype (n=5). All patients with follow-up but one were alive without disease at a mean of 19 months (range 1-60 months). One individual with a pT4 tumor with associated poorly cohesive carcinoma died of disease. In summary, very well-differentiated gastric adenocarcinomas are diagnostically challenging. Architectural features are critical to making the diagnosis. Cases with pure intestinal immunophenotype have not been associated with transformation into poorly cohesive carcinoma, and appear to behave as biologically low grade. Those with mixed immunophenotype appear more likely to dedifferentiate and behave more aggressively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Ushiku
- 1] Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim DH, Shin N, Kim GH, Song GA, Jeon TY, Kim DH, Lauwers GY, Park DY. Mucin expression in gastric cancer: reappraisal of its clinicopathologic and prognostic significance. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013; 137:1047-53. [PMID: 23899060 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0193-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The clinical validity of mucin expression in gastric cancer is debated. Whereas several reports demonstrate a correlation between mucin expression and prognosis, others deny such an association. OBJECTIVES This survival analysis study aims to elucidate the prognostic significance of mucin expression in gastric cancer. DESIGN A retrospective survival analysis was done with 412 cases of gastric cancer characterized on the basis of MUC immunohistochemistry using MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CD10 antibodies; the cases were divided into those with a gastric, an intestinal, or a null mucin phenotype based on the predominant mucin. RESULTS There was no association between mucin expression and survival when considering overall gastric cancers or the advanced gastric cancer subtype. However, early gastric cancers with a gastric mucin phenotype showed longer survival than those with an intestinal mucin phenotype (P = .01) or a null phenotype (P = .01). In particular, MUC5AC-positive early gastric cancers resulted in longer survival than did those that did not express MUC5AC (P = .009). The loss of MUC5AC expression was identified as an independent, poor prognostic factor in early gastric cancers using the Cox regression proportional hazard model (hazard ratio, 3.50; P = .045). CONCLUSIONS MUC5AC expression is significantly associated with patient survival and can be used to predict outcomes in the gastric cancers, especially in the early gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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40
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[Barrett's esophagus: analyses from human and experimental animal studies]. DER PATHOLOGE 2013; 34:138-47. [PMID: 23430135 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-012-1731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Whereas attention in the past has been focused on goblet cells as the primary marker for Barrett's esophagus (BE), the recent change in the definition now includes the non-goblet cell columnar cell-lined esophagus. In the present study the histological features of neoplasia of the lower esophagus and esophago-gastric junction in a German cohort were examined using immunohistochemical staining for MUC, CD10, intestinal and gastric type major tight junction proteins (claudins). Experimental studies using rat duodenogastric content reflux models have also been performed and data show that most neoplastic lesions of the esophageal glands in humans express gastric mucin phenotypes. Cardiac type mucosa was the main histological type in the surrounding mucosa of neoplastic lesions; however, most cardiac type mucosa has intestinal type tight junction proteins. BE with goblet cells has been reported to originate from stem cells located in the basal layer of esophageal squamous cell epithelium in previous models. However, the cardiac type mucosa seems to develop from the site of the stomach and not from the basal layer of esophageal squamous cell epithelium according to our model.
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Nishimura R, Mukaisho KI, Yamamoto H, Sonoda A, Andoh A, Fujiyama Y, Hattori T, Sugihara H. Precursor-derived versus de-novo carcinogenesis depends on lineage-specific mucin phenotypes of intramucosal gland-forming gastric neoplasms. Histopathology 2013; 63:616-29. [PMID: 24033890 DOI: 10.1111/his.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To clarify the lineage-specific carcinogenesis of gland-forming gastric neoplasms, by characterizing mucin phenotypes and proliferation patterns immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies against MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, CD10 and Ki67. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed 49 gland-forming intramucosal neoplasms, including 15 non-invasive low-grade neoplasms (group A), 10 non-invasive high-grade neoplasms (group B) and 24 intramucosal adenocarcinomas (group C). The mode of gland-forming gastric carcinoma development was different between the intestinal and gastric lineages. The pure intestinal-type accounted for 93% of group A, 50% of group B and 4.2% of group C tumours. A zonal pattern of cell proliferation was well retained in group A tumours and was lost size-dependently in group B tumours. These findings suggest that non-invasive low-grade neoplasms of the intestinal lineage progress to non-invasive high-grade neoplasms, but rarely to intramucosal adenocarcinomas. In tumours of the gastric lineage, which exhibited pure gastric or mixed phenotypes, the polarity of cell proliferation and differentiation was well retained in small (≦5 mm) tumours but was lost in larger tumours in groups B and C. CONCLUSIONS Intramucosal adenocarcinomas of the gastric lineage may often arise de novo, develop in the proper gastric mucosa, and are partially derived from non-invasive high-grade neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Nishimura
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Boltin D, Niv Y. Mucins in Gastric Cancer - An Update. JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL & DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 2013; 3:15519. [PMID: 24077811 PMCID: PMC3784667 DOI: 10.4172/2161-069x.1000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are high-molecular-weight glycoproteins expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, with a key role in mucosal protection and function. In gastric cancer expression of MUC5AC and MUC1 is reduced and denovo expression of MUC2 occurs. With progressive loss of tumor differentiation and increased tumor stage, expression of MUC5AC and MUC1 is further reduced, and MUC2 decreases. Isolated MUC2 expression (the intestinal phenotype) correlates with metastatic spread and poor survival. There is emerging evidence that MUC1 acts as an oncoprotein when overexpressed. The cytoplasmic tail of MUC1 interacts with the H. pylori virulence factor cagA and is a major effector of the wnt-β catenin intracellular signalling cascade. Polymorphism in the MUC1 gene has been identified in gastric cancer patients and may have a prospective role in the stratification of high-risk subjects. The MUC1 gene also mediates resistance to the recombinant HER2/neu antibody trastuzumab. Future research efforts will examine targeting MUC1 for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Boltin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yaron Niv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Hirata K, Suzuki H, Imaeda H, Matsuzaki J, Tsugawa H, Nagano O, Asakura K, Saya H, Hibi T. CD44 variant 9 expression in primary early gastric cancer as a predictive marker for recurrence. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:379-86. [PMID: 23778530 PMCID: PMC3721391 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple early gastric cancers (EGCs) may develop in 6-14% of patients even after achieving curative endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD); however, a useful biomarker for predicting recurrence is not available. The present study investigated whether the expression of CD44 variant 9 (CD44v9), a functional cancer stem cell marker, in the primary gastric cancer tissue represents an indicator of recurrence. METHODS Eighty-eight patients who underwent ESD for EGC from 2008 to 2010 were enrolled and monitored for recurrence for 3 years. The expression levels of CD44v9 in the tissue of initial EGCs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the recurrence rate was compared between CD44v9-positive and CD44v9-negative groups. The mucin phenotype and expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) were also analysed. RESULTS The recurrence rate of EGC was significantly higher in the CD44v9-positive group than in the CD44v9-negative group (hazard ratio (HR), 21.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 5.71-83.1). However, mucin phenotypes and the expression of miR-21 and PDCD4 did not predict recurrence after ESD. Meanwhile, grade of gastric atrophy was also identified as a significant marker of multiple recurrence (HR, 4.95; 95% CI, 1.30-18.8). CONCLUSION CD44 variant 9 expression represents a potential predictive marker for recurrence in EGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hirata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim JY, Shin NR, Kim A, Lee HJ, Park WY, Kim JY, Lee CH, Huh GY, Park DY. Microsatellite instability status in gastric cancer: a reappraisal of its clinical significance and relationship with mucin phenotypes. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 47:28-35. [PMID: 23483099 PMCID: PMC3589606 DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2013.47.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancers with microsatellite instabilities (MSI) have been reported to be associated with favorable prognosis. However, the significance of the effect of MSI on the clinicopathological features, as well as its association with mucin phenotype, remains unclear. METHODS MSI status was assessed in 414 cases of gastric cancer using polymerase chain reaction analysis of five microsatellite loci, as recommended by National Cancer Institution criteria. The expression of mucins (MUC5AC, MUC6, MUC2, and CD10) was assessed. RESULTS Out of 414 total cases of gastric cancer, 380 (91.7%), 11 (2.7%), and 23 (5.6%) were microsatellite stable (MSS), low-level MSI (MSI-L), and high-level MSI (MSI-H), respectively. Compared to MSS/MSI-L, MSI-H gastric cancers were associated with older age (p=0.010), tumor size (p=0.014), excavated gross (p=0.042), intestinal type (p=0.028), aggressive behaviors (increase of T stage [p=0.009]), perineural invasion [p=0.022], and lymphovascular emboli [p=0.027]). MSI-H gastric cancers were associated with tumor necrosis (p=0.041), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (≥2/high power field, p<0.001), expanding growth patterns (p=0.038), gastric predominant mucin phenotypes (p=0.028), and MUC6 expression (p=0.016). Tumor necrosis (≥10% of mass, p=0.031), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (p<0.001), intestinal type (p=0.014), and gastric mucin phenotypes (p=0.020) could represent independent features associated with MSI-H gastric cancers. MSI-H intestinal type gastric cancers had a tendency for poor prognosis in univariate analysis (p=0.054) but no association in Cox multivariate analysis (p=0.197). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that MSI-H gastric cancers exhibit distinct aggressive biologic behaviors and a gastric mucin phenotype. This contradicts previous reports that describe MSI-H gastric cancer as being associated with favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Yeun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Membrane-bound mucins and mucin terminal glycans expression in idiopathic or Helicobacter pylori, NSAID associated peptic ulcers. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:2535-44. [PMID: 22576713 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ratio of Helicobacter pylori/NSAID-negative gastric ulcers is increasing. Idiopathic gastric ulcers have unique clinical and endoscopic features, and are associated with more bleeding complications and a higher mortality. Alterations in gastric mucin expression and sialylation pattern may be important in ulcer pathogenesis. AIMS The purpose of this study was to determine the expression pattern of membrane-bound mucins and side chain sugars in H. pylori associated-, NSAID-, and idiopathic-gastric ulcers. METHODS We randomly selected 92 patients with H. pylori (group 1, n = 30), NSAID (group 2, n = 18), combined H. pylori and NSAID associated gastric ulcers (group 3, n = 24), and patients with idiopathic gastric ulcers (group 4, n = 20). Immunohistochemistry for T-cell CD4/CD8, MUC1, MUC4, MUC17, and ECA and SNA lectins staining was performed on sections from the ulcer margins. Inflammation score was assessed according to the Sydney system. RESULTS Bleeding and mortality rates were significantly higher in group 4. CD4 positive T cell count was higher in H. pylori positive patients (P = 0.009). Staining intensity of MUC17 was higher in group 1 than in group 4, foveola and glands alike, with 11.50 ± 3.47 versus 6.80 ± 4.02, and 9.61 ± 4.26 versus 7.59 ± 3.26, respectively (P < 0.0001). This was a mirror image with MUC1. SNA lectin staining was increased in group 4, in parallel to MUC1 expression, indicating more abundant α2-6 sialylation in that group. CONCLUSIONS Cytoplasmic MUC17 staining was significantly decreased in the cases with idiopathic ulcer. The opposite was demonstrated for MUC1. This observation might be important, since different mucins with altered sialylation patterns likely differ in their protection efficiency against acid and pepsin.
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Boltin D, Halpern M, Levi Z, Vilkin A, Morgenstern S, Ho SB, Niv Y. Gastric mucin expression in Helicobacter pylori-related, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related and idiopathic ulcers. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:4597-603. [PMID: 22969235 PMCID: PMC3435787 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i33.4597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the pattern of secreted mucin expression in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-related, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-related and idiopathic gastric ulcers.
METHODS: We randomly selected 92 patients with H. pylori-associated (n = 30), NSAID-associated (n = 18), combined H. pylori and NSAID-associated gastric ulcers (n = 24), and patients with idiopathic gastric ulcers (n = 20). Immunohistochemistry for T-cell CD4/CD8, and for mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) and mucin 6 (MUC6), was performed on sections of the mucosa from the ulcer margin. Inflammation score was assessed according to the Sydney system.
RESULTS: MUC5AC was expressed on the surface epithelium (98.9%) and neck glands (98.9%) with minimal expression in the deep glands (6.5%). MUC6 was strongly expressed in the deep glands (97.8%), variable in the neck glands (19.6%) and absent in the surface epithelium (0%). The pattern of mucin expression in idiopathic ulcer margins was not different from the expression in ulcers associated with H. pylori, NSAIDs, or combined H. pylori and NSAIDs. CD4/CD8 ratio was higher in H. pylori-positive patients (P = 0.009). Idiopathic ulcers are associated with hospitalized patients and have higher bleeding and mortality rates.
CONCLUSION: Idiopathic ulcers have a unique clinical profile. Gastric mucin expression in idiopathic gastric ulcers is unchanged compared with H. pylori and/or NSAID-associated ulcers.
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Divergent expression of MUC5AC, MUC6, MUC2, CD10, and CDX-2 in dysplasia and intramucosal adenocarcinomas with intestinal and foveolar morphology: is this evidence of distinct gastric and intestinal pathways to carcinogenesis in Barrett Esophagus? Am J Surg Pathol 2012; 36:331-42. [PMID: 22261707 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e31823d08d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dysplasia in Barrett esophagus has been recognized to be morphologically heterogenous, featuring adenomatous, foveolar, and hybrid phenotypes. Recent studies have suggested a tumor suppressor role for CDX-2 in the metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. The phenotypic stability and role of CDX-2 in the neoplastic progression of different types of dysplasias have not been evaluated. Thirty-eight endoscopic mucosal resections with dysplasia and/or intramucosal carcinoma (IMC) arising in Barrett esophagus were evaluated for the expression of MUC5AC, MUC6, MUC2, CD10, and CDX-2. The background mucosa was also evaluated. The results were correlated with morphologic classification and clinicopathologic parameters. Of 38 endoscopic mucosal resections, 23 had IMC and dysplasia, 8 had IMC only, and 7 had dysplasia only. Among dysplastic lesions, 73% were foveolar, 17% were adenomatous, and 10% were hybrid. Twenty of 23 cases with dysplasia and adjacent IMC showed an identical immunophenotype of dysplasia and IMC comprising 16 gastric, 3 intestinal, and 1 mixed immunophenotype. Three cases showed discordance of dysplasia and IMC immunophenotype. These findings suggest that most Barrett-related IMC cases are either gastric or intestinal, with phenotypic stability during progression supporting separate gastric and intestinal pathways of carcinogenesis. CDX-2 showed gradual downregulation of expression during progression in adenomatous dysplasia but not in foveolar or hybrid dysplasia, supporting a tumor suppressor role, at least in the intestinal pathway. CDX-2 was also found to be expressed to a greater degree in intestinal metaplasia compared with nonintestinalized columnar metaplasia. Consistent with CDX-2 as a tumor suppressor, this suggests that nonintestinalized columnar metaplasia may be an unstable intermediate state at risk for neoplastic progression.
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Ushiku T, Matsusaka K, Iwasaki Y, Tateishi Y, Funata N, Seto Y, Fukayama M. Gastric carcinoma with invasive micropapillary pattern and its association with lymph node metastasis. Histopathology 2012; 59:1081-9. [PMID: 22175888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to characterize the clinicopathological features of invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the stomach. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventeen cases of gastric IMPC were identified from histological reviews of 1178 consecutive cases. IMPC components occupied 10-90% of the entire tumours. Fifteen tumours showed invasion into the muscularis propria or deeper, whereas two tumours were limited to the submucosa. All 17 cases were associated with tubular or papillary adenocarcinoma. Lymphatic and venous invasion were identified more frequently in cases with IMPC components than in those without (P = 0.0023 and P = 0.0009, respectively). Nodal metastases were identified in 14 of 17 (82%) cases with IMPC components, whereas they were detected in 540 of 1161 (47%) cases with no IMPC components (P = 0.0053). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of IMPC was an independent predictor of nodal metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Conservative treatments, such as endoscopic resection, should not be used for gastric carcinoma with IMPC components, as these cases are associated with a high propensity for lymphovascular invasion and nodal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate Schoool of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Nozawa Y, Nishikura K, Ajioka Y, Aoyagi Y. Relationship between alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression and mucin phenotype in gastric cancer. Hum Pathol 2011; 43:878-87. [PMID: 22078291 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase controls β-oxidation of branched-chain fatty acid and their derivatives. Many investigators have described alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression in various neoplasias and their precursor lesions. Although there have been a few reports regarding alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression in gastric neoplasia, these reports did not discuss the relationship between alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression and mucin phenotype. This study analyzed alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression of gastric carcinomas with regard to mucin phenotype. Alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression was evaluated in 85 cases of gastric biopsies including gastric epithelial neoplasia and nonneoplasia and in 108 cases of surgically resected early gastric cancer. In biopsy cases, alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase was more highly expressed in neoplasia (69.7%, 23/33) than in nonneoplasia (0%, 0/42) (P = .001). Alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase was overexpressed in 20.0% (2/10) of cases that were indefinite for neoplasia, and the 2 positive cases were ultimately diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. In resected cases of early gastric adenocarcinoma, alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression significantly correlated with mucin phenotype (P = .003), but not with tumor progression, histologic classification, or clinicopathologic features. Alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression was significantly higher in intestinal-phenotype carcinoma (90.2%, 37/40) than in gastric-phenotype carcinoma (56.3%, 18/31) (P = .006) and also correlated with an increase in CDX2 expression (P = .018) and a decrease in MUC5AC expression (P = .048). This tendency was observed in all histologic types. Our results indicate that alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase is a useful marker for distinguishing gastric neoplasia from nonneoplasia even at an early stage. Alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase expression is associated with mucin phenotypes of gastric neoplasia, particularly with the expression of CDX2 and MUC5AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Nozawa
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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Kobayashi M, Takeuchi M, Ajioka Y, Hashimoto S, Sato A, Narisawa R, Aoyagi Y. Mucin phenotype and narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy for differentiated-type mucosal gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol 2011; 46:1064-70. [PMID: 21667151 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-011-0418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have described the surface glandular structure in differentiated early gastric cancer observed by narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy (NBI-ME) in two main patterns, i.e., a papillary or granular structure in an intralobular loop pattern (ILL) and a pit structure in a fine network pattern (FNP). However, it is uncertain why the NBI-ME findings of differentiated-type carcinomas are divided into two main patterns. We investigated the significance of the mucin phenotype in the morphogenetic difference between ILL and FNP. METHODS We evaluated 120 intramucosal, well- or predominantly well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas. In each lesion, one area that showed the predominant pattern of microsurface structures and microvessels was selected and marked by electrocoagulation for a strict comparative study by NBI-ME and pathological investigation. NBI-ME findings were classified into three patterns: ILL, FNP, and intermediate. Mucin phenotypes were judged as gastric, intestinal, or gastrointestinal type by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The mucin phenotype was gastric or gastrointestinal type in 24 (92.3%) of 26 ILL lesions. Intestinal phenotype was observed in 22 (84.6%) of 26 FNP lesions. The gastrointestinal phenotype was observed in 50 (73.5%) of 68 intermediate pattern lesions. The mucin phenotype and NBI-ME results were significantly correlated (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The mucin phenotype of differentiated early gastric cancer might be involved in morphogenetic differences between the papillary and pit structures visualized by NBI-ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Kobayashi
- Department of Endoscopy, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
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