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Jordan JM, Webster AK, Chen J, Chitrakar R, Ryan Baugh L. Early-life starvation alters lipid metabolism in adults to cause developmental pathology in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2023; 223:iyac172. [PMID: 36449523 PMCID: PMC9910403 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life malnutrition increases adult disease risk in humans, but the causal changes in gene regulation, signaling, and metabolism are unclear. In the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, early-life starvation causes well-fed larvae to develop germline tumors and other gonad abnormalities as adults. Furthermore, reduced insulin/IGF signaling during larval development suppresses these starvation-induced abnormalities. How early-life starvation and insulin/IGF signaling affect adult pathology is unknown. We show that early-life starvation has pervasive effects on adult gene expression which are largely reversed by reduced insulin/IGF signaling following recovery from starvation. Early-life starvation increases adult fatty-acid synthetase fasn-1 expression in daf-2 insulin/IGF signaling receptor-dependent fashion, and fasn-1/FASN promotes starvation-induced abnormalities. Lipidomic analysis reveals increased levels of phosphatidylcholine in adults subjected to early-life starvation, and supplementation with unsaturated phosphatidylcholine during development suppresses starvation-induced abnormalities. Genetic analysis of fatty-acid desaturases reveals positive and negative effects of desaturation on development of starvation-induced abnormalities. In particular, the ω3 fatty-acid desaturase fat-1 and the Δ5 fatty-acid desaturase fat-4 inhibit and promote development of abnormalities, respectively. fat-4 is epistatic to fat-1, suggesting that arachidonic acid-containing lipids promote development of starvation-induced abnormalities, and supplementation with ARA enhanced development of abnormalities. This work shows that early-life starvation and insulin/IGF signaling converge on regulation of adult lipid metabolism, affecting stem-cell proliferation and tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Jordan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Amy K Webster
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jingxian Chen
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rojin Chitrakar
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - L Ryan Baugh
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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2
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Zhang Y, Liang F, Zhang D, Qi S, Liu Y. Metabolites as extracellular vesicle cargo in health, cancer, pleural effusion, and cardiovascular diseases: An emerging field of study to diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114046. [PMID: 36469967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly diverse nanoscale membrane-bound structures released from different cell types into the extracellular environment. They play essential functions in cell signaling by transporting their cargo, such as proteins, RNA, DNA, lipids, metabolites, and small molecules, to recipient cells. It has recently been shown that EVs might modulate carcinogenesis by delivering cargo to recipient cells. Furthermore, recent discoveries revealed that changes in plasma-derived EV levels and cargo in subjects with metabolic diseases were documented by many researchers, suggesting that EVs might be a promising source of disease biomarkers. One of the cargos of EVs that has recently attracted the most attention is metabolites. The metabolome of these vesicles introduces a plethora of disease indicators; hence, examining the metabolomics of EVs detected in human biofluids would be an effective approach. On the other hand, metabolites have various roles in biological systems, including the production of energies, synthesizing macromolecules, and serving as signaling molecules and hormones. Metabolome rewiring in cancer and stromal cells is a characteristic of malignancy, but the current understanding of how this affects the metabolite composition and activity of tumor-derived EVs remains in its infancy. Since new findings and studies in the field of exosome biology and metabolism are constantly being published, it is likely that diagnostic and treatment techniques, including the use of exosome metabolites, will be launched in the coming years. Recent years have seen increased interest in the EV metabolome as a possible source for biomarker development. However, our understanding of the role of these molecules in health and disease is still immature. In this work, we have provided the latest findings regarding the role of metabolites as EV cargoes in the pathophysiology of diseases, including cancer, pleural effusion (PE), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We also discussed the significance of metabolites as EV cargoes of microbiota and their role in host-microbe interaction. In addition, the latest findings on metabolites in the form of EV cargoes as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment are presented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - DuoDuo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Han Q, Xie Y, Zhou H, Zhou K, Li X, Xu B. Comprehensive insights into the evolution of microbiological and metabolic characteristics of the fat portion during the processing of traditional Chinese bacon. Food Res Int 2022; 155:110987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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4
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Harmati M, Bukva M, Böröczky T, Buzás K, Gyukity-Sebestyén E. The role of the metabolite cargo of extracellular vesicles in tumor progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:1203-1221. [PMID: 34957539 PMCID: PMC8825386 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomic reprogramming in tumor and stroma cells is a hallmark of cancer but understanding its effects on the metabolite composition and function of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) is still in its infancy. EVs are membrane-bound sacs with a complex molecular composition secreted by all living cells. They are key mediators of intercellular communication both in normal and pathological conditions and play a crucial role in tumor development. Although lipids are major components of EVs, most of the EV cargo studies have targeted proteins and nucleic acids. The potential of the EV metabolome as a source for biomarker discovery has gained recognition recently, but knowledge on the biological activity of tumor EV metabolites still remains limited. Therefore, we aimed (i) to compile the list of metabolites identified in tumor EVs isolated from either clinical specimens or in vitro samples and (ii) describe their role in tumor progression through literature search and pathway analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Harmati
- Laboratory of Microscopic Image Analysis and Machine Learning, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mátyás Bukva
- Laboratory of Microscopic Image Analysis and Machine Learning, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Immunology, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tímea Böröczky
- Laboratory of Microscopic Image Analysis and Machine Learning, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Immunology, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Buzás
- Laboratory of Microscopic Image Analysis and Machine Learning, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Immunology, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edina Gyukity-Sebestyén
- Laboratory of Microscopic Image Analysis and Machine Learning, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre - Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
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5
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Yan Z, Wu H, Zhou H, Chen S, He Y, Zhang W, Chen T, Yao H, Su W. Integrated metabolomics and gut microbiome to the effects and mechanisms of naoxintong capsule on type 2 diabetes in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10829. [PMID: 32616735 PMCID: PMC7331749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Naoxintong Capsule (NXT) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation which has been widely applied in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Previous studies also reported the potential effects of NXT against diabetes and certain complications, yet its mechanisms remain largely obscured. Herein, in this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic effects of NXT as well as its potential mechanisms. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) was induced in rats by 10-week high-fat diet in companion with a low-dose streptozotocin injection. NXT was administrated for additional 8 weeks. The results showed that NXT exerted potent efficacy against T2D by alleviating hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, ameliorating insulin resistance, mitigating inflammation, relieving hypertension, and reducing myocardial injuries. To investigate its mechanisms, by integrating sequencing of gut microbiota and serum untargeted metabolomics, we showed that NXT could significantly recover the disturbances of gut microbiota and metabolic phenotypes in T2D rats. Several feature pathways, such as arachidonic acid metabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation and glycerophospholipid metabolism, were identified as the potential mechanisms of NXT in vivo. In summary, our study has comprehensively revealed the anti-diabetic effects of NXT which could be considered as a promising strategy for treating metabolic disorders, T2D and diabetic related complications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghao Yan
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haokui Zhou
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan He
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Taobin Chen
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Drug Synthesis and Evaluation Center, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
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6
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Abstract
The tumor immune landscape gained considerable interest based on the knowledge that genetic aberrations in cancer cells alone are insufficient for tumor development. Macrophages are basically supporting all hallmarks of cancer and owing to their tremendous plasticity they may exert a whole spectrum of anti-tumor and pro-tumor activities. As part of the innate immune response, macrophages are armed to attack tumor cells, alone or in concert with distinct T cell subsets. However, in the tumor microenvironment, they sense nutrient and oxygen gradients, receive multiple signals, and respond to this incoming information with a phenotype shift. Often, their functional output repertoire is shifted to become tumor-supportive. Incoming and outgoing signals are chemically heterogeneous but also comprise lipid mediators. Here, we review the current understanding whereby arachidonate metabolites derived from the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways shape the macrophage phenotype in a tumor setting. We discuss these findings in the context of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) expression and concomitant prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation. We elaborate the multiple actions of this lipid in affecting macrophage biology, which are sensors for and generators of this lipid. Moreover, we summarize properties of 5-lipoxygenases (ALOX5) and 15-lipoxygenases (ALOX15, ALOX15B) in macrophages and clarify how these enzymes add to the role of macrophages in a dynamically changing tumor environment. This review will illustrate the potential routes how COX-2/mPGES-1 and ALOX5/-15 in macrophages contribute to the development and progression of a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Strack
- Institute of Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ryan G Snodgrass
- Institute of Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I/Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Xu Y, Han J, Dong J, Fan X, Cai Y, Li J, Wang T, Zhou J, Shang J. Metabolomics Characterizes the Effects and Mechanisms of Quercetin in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051220. [PMID: 30862046 PMCID: PMC6429195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As metabolomics is widely used in the study of disease mechanisms, an increasing number of studies have found that metabolites play an important role in the occurrence of diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects and mechanisms of quercetin in high-fat-sucrose diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development using nontargeted metabolomics. A rat model of NAFLD was established by feeding with an HFD for 30 and 50 days. The results indicated quercetin exhibited hepatoprotective activity in 30-day HFD-induced NAFLD rats by regulating fatty acid related metabolites (adrenic acid, etc.), inflammation-related metabolites (arachidonic acid, etc.), oxidative stress-related metabolites (2-hydroxybutyric acid) and other differential metabolites (citric acid, etc.). However, quercetin did not improve NAFLD in the 50-day HFD; perhaps quercetin was unable to reverse the inflammation induced by a long-term high-fat diet. These data indicate that dietary quercetin may be beneficial to NAFLD in early stages. Furthermore, combining metabolomics and experimental approaches opens avenues to study the effects and mechanisms of drugs for complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jichun Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jinjin Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Xiangcheng Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xining 810008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
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8
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Diab J, Al-Mahdi R, Gouveia-Figueira S, Hansen T, Jensen E, Goll R, Moritz T, Florholmen J, Forsdahl G. A Quantitative Analysis of Colonic Mucosal Oxylipins and Endocannabinoids in Treatment-Naïve and Deep Remission Ulcerative Colitis Patients and the Potential Link With Cytokine Gene Expression. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:490-497. [PMID: 30476077 PMCID: PMC6383859 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bioactive metabolites of omega 3 and omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 and ω-6) are known as oxylipins and endocannabinoids (eCBs). These lipid metabolites are involved in prompting and resolving the inflammatory response that leads to the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aims to quantify these bioactive lipids in the colonic mucosa and to evaluate the potential link to cytokine gene expression during inflammatory events in ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Colon biopsies were taken from 15 treatment-naïve UC patients, 5 deep remission UC patients, and 10 healthy controls. Thirty-five oxylipins and 11 eCBs were quantified by means of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Levels of mRNA for 10 cytokines were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Levels of ω-6-related oxylipins were significantly elevated in treatment-naïve patients with respect to controls, whereas the levels of ω-3 eCBs were lower. 15S-Hydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid (15S-HETrE) was significantly upregulated in UC deep remission patients compared with controls. All investigated cytokines had significantly higher mRNA levels in the inflamed mucosa of treatment-naïve UC patients. Cytokine gene expression was positively correlated with several ω-6 arachidonic acid-related oxylipins, whereas negative correlation was found with lipoxin, prostacyclin, and the eCBs. CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of ω-6-related oxylipins and decreased levels of ω-3-related eCBs are associated with the debut of UC. This highlights the altered balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators in IBD and suggests potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Diab
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rania Al-Mahdi
- Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Terkel Hansen
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Einar Jensen
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rasmus Goll
- Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Swedish Metabolomics Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guro Forsdahl
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Zhou J, Ma H, Wu Y, Lv X, Wang J, Liu S, Li D, Wang H, Yan Y, Luo N, Li Q, Xu H, Zhang Q, Yu L, Guo H, Kuzmanov U, Di L, Wu Q, Duan J. Lipidomic profiling of subchronic As4S4exposure identifies inflammatory mediators as sensitive biomarkers in rats. Metallomics 2019; 11:576-585. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00181b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic sulfide compounds provide nearly all of the world's supply of arsenic.
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10
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Hu L, Bo L, Zhang M, Li S, Zhao X, Sun C. Metabonomics analysis of serum from rats given long-term and low-level cadmium by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:1079-1088. [PMID: 29143552 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1397811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
1. This study evaluated the toxicity of chronic exposure to low-level cadmium (Cd) in rats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups, namely, the control group, low-dose group (0.13 mg/kg·bw), middle-dose group (0.8 mg/kg·bw) and high-dose group (4.89 mg/kg·bw). The rats continuously received CdCl2 via drinking water for 24 weeks. Serum samples were collected for metabonomics analysis. The data generated from the UPLC-MS was analysed using principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). PLS-DA model with satisfactory explanatory and predictive ability is capable of discriminating the treatment groups from the control group. 2. Finally, the 10 metabolites were identified and showed significant changes in some treatment groups compared with that in the control group (p < 0.0167 or p < 0.003). Exposure to Cd resulted in increased intensities of lysophosphatidic acid (P-16:0e/0:0), glycocholic acid, bicyclo-prostaglandin E2, lithocholyltaurine, sulfolithocholylglycine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine (20:5/0:0) and lysophosphatidylcholine (20:0), as well as decreased intensities of 3-indolepropionic acid, phosphatidylcholine (18:4/18:0) and 15S-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid in rat serum. 3. Results suggest that exposure to Cd can cause disturbances in the lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nervous system, antioxidant defence system, liver and kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Hu
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Lu Bo
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Meiyan Zhang
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Siqi Li
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Changhao Sun
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene , Public Health College, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
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Altadill T, Campoy I, Lanau L, Gill K, Rigau M, Gil-Moreno A, Reventos J, Byers S, Colas E, Cheema AK. Enabling Metabolomics Based Biomarker Discovery Studies Using Molecular Phenotyping of Exosome-Like Vesicles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151339. [PMID: 26974972 PMCID: PMC4790956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of sensitive and specific biomarkers with clinical and translational utility will require smart experimental strategies that would augment expanding the breadth and depth of molecular measurements within the constraints of currently available technologies. Exosomes represent an information rich matrix to discern novel disease mechanisms that are thought to contribute to pathologies such as dementia and cancer. Although proteomics and transcriptomic studies have been reported using Exosomes-Like Vesicles (ELVs) from different sources, exosomal metabolome characterization and its modulation in health and disease remains to be elucidated. Here we describe methodologies for UPLC-ESI-MS based small molecule profiling of ELVs from human plasma and cell culture media. In this study, we present evidence that indeed ELVs carry a rich metabolome that could not only augment the discovery of low abundance biomarkers but may also help explain the molecular basis of disease progression. This approach could be easily translated to other studies seeking to develop predictive biomarkers that can subsequently be used with simplified targeted approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Altadill
- Biomedical Research Group in Ginecology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Campoy
- Biomedical Research Group in Ginecology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Lanau
- Biomedical Research Group in Ginecology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kirandeep Gill
- Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center at Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Marina Rigau
- Institut d’Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Moreno
- Gynecological Department, Vall Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Reventos
- Institut d’Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen Byers
- Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center at Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Eva Colas
- Biomedical Research Group in Ginecology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics/Oncologic Pathology Group, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Amrita K. Cheema
- Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center at Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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12
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The metabolomic profiling of serum in rats exposed to arsenic using UPLC/Q-TOF MS. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:474-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Aceves C, Anguiano B, Delgado G. The extrathyronine actions of iodine as antioxidant, apoptotic, and differentiation factor in various tissues. Thyroid 2013; 23:938-46. [PMID: 23607319 PMCID: PMC3752513 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seaweed is an important dietary component and a rich source of iodine in several chemical forms in Asian communities. Their high consumption of this element (25 times higher than in Western countries) has been associated with the low incidence of benign and cancerous breast and prostate disease in Japanese people. SUMMARY We review evidence showing that, in addition to being a component of the thyroid hormone, iodine can be an antioxidant as well as an antiproliferative and differentiation agent that helps to maintain the integrity of several organs with the ability to take up iodine. In animal and human studies, molecular iodine (I2) supplementation exerts a suppressive effect on the development and size of both benign and cancerous neoplasias. Investigations by several groups have demonstrated that these effects can be mediated by a variety of mechanisms and pathways, including direct actions, in which the oxidized iodine dissipates the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby triggering mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis, and indirect effects through iodolipid formation and the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors type gamma, which, in turn, trigger apoptotic or differentiation pathways. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficient Disorders recommend that iodine intake be increased to at least 3 mg/day of I2 in specific pathologies to obtain the potential extrathyroidal benefits described in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Aceves
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Juriquilla, Mexico.
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Wang S, Yang Q, Fung KM, Lin HK. AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 mediated prostaglandin D2 metabolism augments the PI3K/Akt proliferative signaling pathway in human prostate cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2008; 289:60-6. [PMID: 18508192 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Members of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily have been implicated in prostaglandin (PG) metabolism and prostate cancer. AKR1C3 possesses 11-ketoprostaglandin reductase activity and is capable of converting PGD2 to 9alpha, 11beta-PGF2alpha, whereas AKR1C2-mediated PG metabolism remains unclear. The accumulation of PGF2alpha may generate proliferative signals to promote prostate cell growth. Levels of AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 expression are elevated in localized and advanced prostate cancer. To study the significance of AKR1C2- and AKR1C3-mediated PGD2 conversion in human prostate cell proliferation, we stably transfected androgen insensitive human prostate cancer PC-3 cells with AKR1C2 or AKR1C3 cDNA. PC-3 cells overexpressing AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 had elevated cell proliferation in response to PGD2 stimulation as compared to mock transfectants. Overexpression of AKR1C2 or AKR1C3 did not alter levels of PGF receptor (FP) expression. Inclusion of an FP antagonist (AL8810) significantly suppressed PGD2-stimulated PC-3 cell proliferation in these stable transfectants. In addition, PGD2 significantly elevated levels of total Akt protein expression and Akt Ser473 phosphorylation in AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 stable transfectants; and inclusion of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) chemical inhibitor (LY294002) attenuated PGD2-stimulated cell proliferation in these transfectants. Our results suggested that both AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 mediate similar PGD2 conversion toward the accumulation of proliferative signals through FP and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways to promote prostate cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
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Pruthi RS, Kouba E, Carson CC, Wallen EM. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and other NSAIDs in urology: Current peril or future promise? Urology 2006; 68:917-23. [PMID: 17113880 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raj S Pruthi
- Division of Urologic Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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Hughes-Fulford M, Li CF, Boonyaratanakornkit J, Sayyah S. Arachidonic Acid Activates Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling and Induces Gene Expression in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2006; 66:1427-33. [PMID: 16452198 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Essential fatty acids are not only energy-rich molecules; they are also an important component of the membrane bilayer and recently have been implicated in induction of fatty acid synthase and other genes. Using gene chip analysis, we have found that arachidonic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid, induced 11 genes that are regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). We verified gene induction by omega-6 fatty acid, including COX-2, IkappaBalpha, NF-kappaB, GM-CSF, IL-1beta, CXCL-1, TNF-alpha, IL-6, LTA, IL-8, PPARgamma, and ICAM-1, using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) synthesis was increased within 5 minutes of addition of arachidonic acid. Analysis of upstream signal transduction showed that within 5 minutes of fatty acid addition, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) was significantly activated followed by activation of Akt at 30 minutes. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2, p38 and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun-NH(2)-kinase were not phosphorylated after omega-6 fatty acid addition. Thirty minutes after fatty acid addition, we found a significant 3-fold increase in translocation of NF-kappaB transcription factor to the nucleus. Addition of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) caused a decrease in COX-2 protein synthesis, PGE(2) synthesis, as well as inhibition of PI3K activation. We have previously shown that NSAIDs cause an inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced proliferation; here, we have shown that arachidonic acid-induced proliferation is also blocked (P < 0.001) by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. LY294002 also significantly inhibited the arachidonic acid-induced gene expression of COX-2, IL-1beta, GM-CSF, and ICAM1. Taken together, the data suggest that arachidonic acid via conversion to PGE(2) plays an important role in stimulation of growth-related genes and proliferation via PI3K signaling and NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millie Hughes-Fulford
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 91421, USA.
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Pommery J, Pommery N, Hénichart JP. Modification of eicosanoid profile in human blood treated by dual COX/LOX inhibitors. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2005; 73:411-7. [PMID: 16213697 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Revised: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 08/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes, the cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs), have been implicated in the development of a variety of cancers and numerous new therapeutic inhibitors are currently under investigation. However, given the interdependence of the two pathways, the effect of inhibiting one pathway with relatively selective agents can only be appreciated in the in vivo situation. Clearly then, because of their potential beneficial or deleterious effects, it is important to understand the nature and levels of the resulting arachidonic acid metabolites when treating patients with relatively selective inhibitor drugs. In this study, using reference COX-2, 5-LOX and dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors, we devised a protocol which permitted the simultaneous quantification of eicosanoid metabolites formed during stimulation of human peripheral venous blood samples with the calcium ionophore, A23187, in the absence and presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Not surprisingly, the end products of both COX and LOX pathways were affected depending on the inhibitor, or combination of inhibitors, used and the concentrations of drug tested. In conclusion, the method described permits the rapid screening of novel compounds for potentially positive and/or negative effects upon the products of arachidonic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pommery
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, EA 2692, Lille, France
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Abstract
The discovery and elucidation of prostaglandin (PG) pathways, particularly the molecular and clinical role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) function, has been found to have an important role in neoplasia. Current understanding of the role of COX-2 activity and therefore the potential clinical usefulness of COX-2-specific inhibitors in prostate cancer will be discussed herein. The discovery of PG pathways, the molecular and clinical roles of COX-2 function, and the corresponding application to neoplasia were reviewed in the scientific literature from 1960 through the present time. In addition, thorough review of recent abstract presentations at scientific meetings (American Urological Association and American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meetings from 1998 to the present) was undertaken regarding the potential role of COX-2 in urologic cancers. Reduced apoptosis, increased angiogenesis, and immunosuppression are just some of the known sequelae of COX-2 overexpression, and each effect could have an important role in tumor formation and progression. Preclinical research and pilot clinical studies in prostate cancer to date have been promising. We are just beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms and clinical effects of COX-2 function and its inhibition and the potential for COX-2-specific inhibitors to affect tumor biology and growth, and thereby serve as antitumor drugs in therapeutic and chemopreventive roles in prostate cancer. The absence of complete scientific understanding in these areas presents an exciting opportunity for innovative and important scientific study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj S Pruthi
- Division of Urologic Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Karlsson PC, Huss U, Jenner A, Halliwell B, Bohlin L, Rafter JJ. Human fecal water inhibits COX-2 in colonic HT-29 cells: role of phenolic compounds. J Nutr 2005; 135:2343-9. [PMID: 16177193 DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.10.2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The inducible enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a major role in the regulation of inflammation and possibly in the development of colon cancer. The aim of the present study was to screen for COX-2 inhibitors in samples of fecal water (the aqueous phase of feces) and investigate whether phenolic compounds are responsible for any observed effects on COX-2. Volunteers (n = 20) were recruited and asked to supply a 24-h stool sample. Fecal water samples were prepared and analyzed by GC-MS for their content of phenolic compounds. These samples were also evaluated for their effects on COX-2 protein levels (Western blot) and prostaglandin (PG)E2 production in tumor necrosis-alpha-stimulated HT-29 cells and pure enzymatic activity in a COX-2-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis in vitro assay. The major phenolic compounds identified were phenylpropionic acid, phenylacetic acid, cinnamic acid, and benzoic acid derivatives. Of 13 fecal water samples analyzed, 12 significantly decreased PGE2 production (range 5.4-39.7% inhibition, P-value < 0.05) compared with control cells and 13 of 14 samples analyzed decreased COX-2 protein levels in HT-29 cells (19-63% inhibition). Of the 20 fecal water samples, 2 also weakly inhibited enzymatic activity of purified COX-2 (22-24% inhibition). Three compounds identified in fecal water, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid, decreased the protein level at 250 micromol/L (15-62% inhibition). This study shows for the first time that human fecal water contains components that can affect both the COX-2 protein level and enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla C Karlsson
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
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Vang K, Ziboh VA. 15-lipoxygenase metabolites of gamma-linolenic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid suppress growth and arachidonic acid metabolism in human prostatic adenocarcinoma cells: possible implications of dietary fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2005; 72:363-72. [PMID: 15850718 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Revised: 01/27/2005] [Accepted: 02/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although gammalinolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have independently been reported to suppress growth of cancer cells, their relative potencies are unknown. To determine the possible attenuating efficacies of dietary GLA or EPA on prostate carcinogenesis, we hereby report the in vitro effects of GLA, EPA and their 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) metabolites: 15(S)-HETrE and 15(S)-HEPE, respectively, on growth and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in human androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC-3) prostatic cancer cells in culture. Specifically, both cells were preincubated respectively with the above PUFAs. Growth was determined by [3H]thymidine uptake and AA metabolism by HPLC analysis of the extracted metabolites. Our data revealed increased biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5(S)-HETE) by both cells. Preincubation of the cells with 15(S)-HETrE or 15(S)-HEPE more markedly inhibited cellular growth and AA metabolism when compared to precursor PUFAs. Notably, 15(S)-HETrE exerted the greatest inhibitory effects. These findings therefore imply that dietary GLA rather than EPA should better attenuate prostate carcinogenesis via its in vivo generation of 15(S)-HETrE, thus warranting exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kao Vang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, TB-192, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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