1
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Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zheng L, Guo Q. The roles and targeting options of TRIM family proteins in tumor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:999380. [PMID: 36249749 PMCID: PMC9561884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) containing proteins are a class of E3 ubiquitin ligases, which are critically implicated in the occurrence and development of tumors. They can function through regulating various aspects of tumors, such as tumor proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis and the development of drug resistance during tumor therapy. Some members of TRIM family proteins can mediate protein ubiquitination and chromosome translocation via modulating several signaling pathways, like p53, NF-κB, AKT, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin and other molecular regulatory mechanisms. The multi-domain nature/multi-functional biological role of TRIMs implies that blocking just one function or one domain might not be sufficient to obtain the desired therapeutic outcome, therefore, a detailed and systematic understanding of the biological functions of the individual domains of TRIMs is required. This review mainly described their roles and underlying mechanisms in tumorigenesis and progression, and it might shade light on a potential targeting strategy for TRIMs in tumor treatment, especially using PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lufeng Zheng, ; Qianqian Guo,
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lufeng Zheng, ; Qianqian Guo,
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2
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Ceylan O, Caglar O. Importance of COX-2 expression in Wilms' tumour: A preliminary study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14146. [PMID: 33713389 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Wilms' tumour (WT), secondary malignancies caused by the side effects of intensive treatments remain one of the important problems. Therefore, there is a need for new studies to identify low- and high-risk groups for WT and to improve the treatment regimens of children in the low-risk group. In our study, we aimed to determine the prognostic significance of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) biomarker in WT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study included 24 patients diagnosed with WT between January 2010 and December 2019. The correlation between COX-2 expression and significant prognostic parameters was investigated by studying the COX-2 antibody using the immunohistochemical method. RESULTS COX-2 expression was observed in 22 of the patients and it was more evident in the epithelial component. No significant correlation was observed between COX-2 positivity and prognostic parameters. There was also no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding survival (P = .563). CONCLUSIONS In our study, no significant relationship was found between significant prognostic parameters and COX-2 expression. Since COX-2 expression was observed in almost all patients, we consider that the COX-2 pathway is effective during the development phase of WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ceylan
- Department of Pathology, Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine Erzurum, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Caglar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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3
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Szemes M, Melegh Z, Bellamy J, Park JH, Chen B, Greenhough A, Catchpoole D, Malik K. Transcriptomic Analyses of MYCN-Regulated Genes in Anaplastic Wilms' Tumour Cell Lines Reveals Oncogenic Pathways and Potential Therapeutic Vulnerabilities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:656. [PMID: 33562123 PMCID: PMC7915280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYCN proto-oncogene is deregulated in many cancers, most notably in neuroblastoma, where MYCN gene amplification identifies a clinical subset with very poor prognosis. Gene expression and DNA analyses have also demonstrated overexpression of MYCN mRNA, as well as focal amplifications, copy number gains and presumptive change of function mutations of MYCN in Wilms' tumours with poorer outcomes, including tumours with diffuse anaplasia. Surprisingly, however, the expression and functions of the MYCN protein in Wilms' tumours still remain obscure. In this study, we assessed MYCN protein expression in primary Wilms' tumours using immunohistochemistry of tissue microarrays. We found MYCN protein to be expressed in tumour blastemal cells, and absent in stromal and epithelial components. For functional studies, we used two anaplastic Wilms' tumour cell-lines, WiT49 and 17.94, to study the biological and transcriptomic effects of MYCN depletion. We found that MYCN knockdown consistently led to growth suppression but not cell death. RNA sequencing identified 561 MYCN-regulated genes shared by WiT49 and 17.94 cell-lines. As expected, numerous cellular processes were downstream of MYCN. MYCN positively regulated the miRNA regulator and known Wilms' tumour oncogene LIN28B, the genes encoding methylosome proteins PRMT1, PRMT5 and WDR77, and the mitochondrial translocase genes TOMM20 and TIMM50. MYCN repressed genes including the developmental signalling receptor ROBO1 and the stromal marker COL1A1. Importantly, we found that MYCN also repressed the presumptive Wilms' tumour suppressor gene REST, with MYCN knockdown resulting in increased REST protein and concomitant repression of RE1-Silencing Transcription factor (REST) target genes. Together, our study identifies regulatory axes that interact with MYCN, providing novel pathways for potential targeted therapeutics for poor-prognosis Wilms' tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Szemes
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (J.B.); (J.H.P.); (B.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Zsombor Melegh
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK;
| | - Jacob Bellamy
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (J.B.); (J.H.P.); (B.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (J.B.); (J.H.P.); (B.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Biyao Chen
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (J.B.); (J.H.P.); (B.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Alexander Greenhough
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (J.B.); (J.H.P.); (B.C.); (A.G.)
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Daniel Catchpoole
- The Kids Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Karim Malik
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (J.B.); (J.H.P.); (B.C.); (A.G.)
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4
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Targeting CTGF in Cancer: An Emerging Therapeutic Opportunity. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:511-524. [PMID: 33358571 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the dramatic advances in cancer research over the decades, effective therapeutic strategies are still urgently needed. Increasing evidence indicates that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a multifunctional signaling modulator, promotes cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis by regulating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, drug resistance, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CTGF is also involved in the tumor microenvironment in most of the nodes, including angiogenesis, inflammation, and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) activation. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the expression of CTGF and its regulation, oncogenic role, clinical relevance, targeting strategies, and therapeutic agents. Herein, we propose that CTGF is a promising cancer therapeutic target that could potentially improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients.
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Chen Z, Zhang N, Chu HY, Yu Y, Zhang ZK, Zhang G, Zhang BT. Connective Tissue Growth Factor: From Molecular Understandings to Drug Discovery. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:593269. [PMID: 33195264 PMCID: PMC7658337 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.593269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a key signaling and regulatory molecule involved in different biological processes, such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and wound healing, as well as multiple pathologies, such as tumor development and tissue fibrosis. Although the underlying mechanisms of CTGF remain incompletely understood, a commonly accepted theory is that the interactions between different protein domains in CTGF and other various regulatory proteins and ligands contribute to its variety of functions. Here, we highlight the structure of each domain of CTGF and its biology functions in physiological conditions. We further summarized main diseases that are deeply influenced by CTGF domains and the potential targets of these diseases. Finally, we address the advantages and disadvantages of current drugs targeting CTGF and provide the perspective for the drug discovery of the next generation of CTGF inhibitors based on aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang Yin Chu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zong-Kang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bao-Ting Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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6
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Liu J, Zhang C, Wang X, Hu W, Feng Z. Tumor suppressor p53 cross-talks with TRIM family proteins. Genes Dis 2020; 8:463-474. [PMID: 34179310 PMCID: PMC8209353 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a key tumor suppressor. As a transcription factor, p53 accumulates in cells in response to various stress signals and selectively transcribes its target genes to regulate a wide variety of cellular stress responses to exert its function in tumor suppression. In addition to tumor suppression, p53 is also involved in many other physiological and pathological processes, e.g. anti-infection, immune response, development, reproduction, neurodegeneration and aging. To maintain its proper function, p53 is under tight and delicate regulation through different mechanisms, particularly the posttranslational modifications. The tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are a large group of proteins characterized by the RING, B-Box and coiled-coil (RBCC) domains at the N-terminus. TRIM proteins play important roles in regulation of many fundamental biological processes, including cell proliferation and death, DNA repair, transcription, and immune response. Alterations of TRIM proteins have been linked to many diseases including cancer, infectious diseases, developmental disorders, and neurodegeneration. Interestingly, recent studies have revealed that many TRIM proteins are involved in the regulation of p53, and at the same time, many TRIM proteins are also regulated by p53. Here, we review the cross-talk between p53 and TRIM proteins, and its impact upon cellular biological processes as well as cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Cen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-State University of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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7
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Mandell MA, Saha B, Thompson TA. The Tripartite Nexus: Autophagy, Cancer, and Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein Family Members. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:308. [PMID: 32226386 PMCID: PMC7081753 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular degradative process that has multiple important actions in cancer. Autophagy modulation is under consideration as a promising new approach to cancer therapy. However, complete autophagy dysregulation is likely to have substantial undesirable side effects. Thus, more targeted approaches to autophagy modulation may prove clinically beneficial. One potential avenue to achieving this goal is to focus on the actions of tripartite motif-containing protein family members (TRIMs). TRIMs have key roles in an array of cellular processes, and their dysregulation has been extensively linked to cancer risk and prognosis. As detailed here, emerging data shows that TRIMs can play important yet context-dependent roles in controlling autophagy and in the selective targeting of autophagic substrates. This review covers how the autophagy-related actions of TRIM proteins contribute to cancer and the possibility of targeting TRIM-directed autophagy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Mandell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Todd A Thompson
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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8
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Jiao X, Liu R, Huang J, Lu L, Li Z, Xu L, Li E. Cellular Retinoic-Acid Binding Protein 2 in Solid Tumor. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:507-516. [PMID: 32013828 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200203150721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway is crucial for many biological processes. The RA transporter, Cellular Retinoic-Acid Binding Protein 2 (CRABP2), is abnormally expressed in various tumor types. CRABP2 presents significant effects on tumorous behaviors and functions, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, metastasis, and angiogenesis. The tumorigenesis mechanism of CRABP2, as both suppressor and promotor, is complicated, therefore, there remains the need for further investigation. Elucidating the regulating mechanisms in a specific stage of the tumor could facilitate CRABP2 to be a biomarker in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Besides, clarifying the pathways of CRABP2 in cancer development will contribute to the gene-targeted therapy. In this review, we summarized the expression, distribution, and mechanism of CRABP2 in solid tumors. Illuminating the CRABP2 signaling pathway may benefit understanding the retinoid signaling pathway, providing a useful biomarker for future clinical trials.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Biological Transport
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplasms/blood supply
- Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/diagnosis
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tretinoin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Jiao
- Cell biology and genetics department, Shantou University Medical College Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lichun Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zibo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Enmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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9
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Imle R, Tosev G, Behnisch W, Schenk JP, Rauch H, Mueller A, Gorenflo M, Loukanov T, Kulozik A, Nyarangi-Dix J. Intracardiac Extension of Wilms Tumor: A Case of a 2.5-Year-Old Girl Presenting with Upper Venous Congestion Caused by Tumor Growth into the Right Cardiac Ventricle. Case Rep Oncol 2019; 12:33-38. [PMID: 30792643 PMCID: PMC6381912 DOI: 10.1159/000496020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While Wilms tumors (WT) typically present solely with an abdominally palpable mass, rare cases exhibiting vascular tumor growth can also present with circulatory problems. Here, we report the case of a 2.5-year-old girl presenting with upper venous congestion and arterial hypertension as the primary symptoms of intraventricular tumor growth exhibiting remarkable tubular and perfused morphology. Clinical situation stabilized after initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with actinomycin D and vincristine, followed by surgical resection via laparotomy and sternotomy supported by cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermia. Our results highlight the previously reported feasibility of this approach, even in primarily unstable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Imle
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georgi Tosev
- Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Behnisch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Schenk
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Rauch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mueller
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Gorenflo
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tsvetomir Loukanov
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kulozik
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Biological Drivers of Wilms Tumor Prognosis and Treatment. CHILDREN-BASEL 2018; 5:children5110145. [PMID: 30373137 PMCID: PMC6262554 DOI: 10.3390/children5110145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the 1950s, survival from Wilms tumor (WT) was less than 10%. Today, a child diagnosed with WT has a greater than 90% chance of survival. These gains in survival rates from WT are attributed largely to improvements in multimodal therapy: Enhanced surgical techniques leading to decreased operative mortality, optimization of more effective chemotherapy regimens (specifically, dactinomycin and vincristine), and inclusion of radiation therapy in treatment protocols. More recent improvements in survival, however, can be attributed to a growing understanding of the molecular landscape of Wilms tumor. Particularly, identification of biologic markers portending poor prognosis has facilitated risk stratification to tailor therapy that achieves the best possible outcome with the least possible toxicity. The aim of this review is to (1) outline the specific biologic markers that have been associated with prognosis in WT and (2) provide an overview of the current use of biologic and other factors to stratify risk and assign treatment accordingly.
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11
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Ciceri S, Gamba B, Corbetta P, Mondini P, Terenziani M, Catania S, Nantron M, Bianchi M, D'Angelo P, Torri F, Macciardi F, Collini P, Di Martino M, Melchionda F, Di Cataldo A, Spreafico F, Radice P, Perotti D. Genetic and epigenetic analyses guided by high resolution whole-genome SNP array reveals a possible role of CHEK2 in Wilms tumour susceptibility. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34079-34089. [PMID: 30344923 PMCID: PMC6183341 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumour (WT), the most frequent malignant childhood renal tumour, shows a high degree of genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity. Loss of imprinting on chromosome 11p15 is found in a large fraction of cases and mutations in a few genes, including WT1, CTNNB1, WTX, TP53 and, more recently, SIX1, SIX2 and micro RNA processing genes (miRNAPGs), have been observed. However, these alterations are not sufficient to describe the entire spectrum of genetic defects underlying WT development. We inspected data obtained from a previously performed genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis on 96 WT samples. By selecting focal regions commonly involved in chromosomal anomalies, we identified genes with a possible role in WT development, based on the prior knowledge of their biological relevance, including MYCN, DIS3L2, MIR562, HACE1, GLI3, CDKN2A and CDKN2B, PALB2, and CHEK2. The MYCN hotspot mutation c.131C>T was detected in seven cases (7.3%). Full sequencing of the remaining genes disclosed 16 rare missense variants and a splicing mutation. Most of these were present at the germline level. Promoter analysis of HACE1, CDKN2A and CDKN2B disclosed partial methylation affecting HACE1 in a consistent fraction of cases (85%). Interestingly, of the four missense variants identified in CHEK2, three were predicted to be deleterious by in silico analyses, while an additional variant was observed to alter mRNA splicing, generating a functionally defective protein. Our study adds additional information on putative WT genes, and adds evidences involving CHEK2 in WT susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ciceri
- Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gamba
- Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Corbetta
- Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mondini
- Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Terenziani
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Catania
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marilina Nantron
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bianchi
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo D'Angelo
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Torri
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paola Collini
- Soft Tissue and Bone Pathology, Histopathology, and Pediatric Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Di Martino
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department, II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Fraia Melchionda
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Cataldo
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Catania University, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Spreafico
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Perotti
- Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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12
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Du E, Lu C, Sheng F, Li C, Li H, Ding N, Chen Y, Zhang T, Yang K, Xu Y. Analysis of potential genes associated with primary cilia in bladder cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3047-3056. [PMID: 30214299 PMCID: PMC6124455 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s175419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysfunction of primary cilia (PC), which could influence cell cycle and modulate cilia-related signaling transduction, has been reported in several cancers. However, there is no evidence of their function in bladder cancer (BLCA). This study was performed to investigate the presence of PC in BLCA and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the PC in BLCA. Patients and methods The presence of PC was assessed in BLCA and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. The gene expression dataset GSE52519 was employed to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with PC. The mRNA expression of the DEGs were confirmed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis. The DEGs properties and pathways were analyzed by Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Genomatix software was used to predict putative transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) in the promoter region of DEGs, and the transcription factors were achieved according to the shared TFBS, which were supported by the ChIP-Sequence data. Results PC were found to be reduced in BLCA tissue samples in this study. Seven DEGs were observed to be associated with PC, and gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs exhibited the properties and functions of PC, and that the Hedgehog signaling pathway probably participated in the pathogenesis and progression of BLCA. The mRNA expression of the seven DEGs in 404 BLCA and 28 normal tissue samples were analyzed, and five DEGs including CENPF, STIL, AURKA, STK39 and OSR1 were identified. Five TFBS including CREB, E2FF, EBOX, ETSF and HOXF in the promoter region of five DEGs were calculated and the transcription factors were obtained according to the shared TFBS. Conclusion PC were found to be reduced in BLCA, and the potential molecular mechanisms of PC in BLCA helped to provide novel diagnosis and therapeutic targets for BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Du
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Chao Lu
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Fei Sheng
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Changying Li
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Hong Li
- The Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Medical school, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Na Ding
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yue Chen
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Ting Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Kuo Yang
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yong Xu
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
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Li L, Qi Y, Ma X, Xiong G, Wang L, Bao C. TRIM22 knockdown suppresses chronic myeloid leukemia via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1192-1199. [PMID: 29762880 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing 22 (TRIM22) is reported to participate in numerous cellular activities. Recent studies confirm that TRIM22 is a target gene for P53, and inhibits clonogenic growth of leukemic U-937 cells. The current study aims to discover the effect of TRIM22 in progression of human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and explore the related mechanism. TRIM22 was knocked down by siRNA transfection in CML cell K562. We observed that TRIM22 knockdown decreased proliferation and invasion in K562 cells. TRIM22 knockdown significantly induced cell cycle arrest by regulating the level of CDK4, Cyclin D1, P70S6K, and P53 in K562 cell. Moreover, loss of TRIM22 also promoted apoptosis through modulation of Bcl-2, Bax and active Caspase 3 in K562 cell. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TRIM22 knockdown inhibited the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by decreasing the level of the phosphorylated form p-Akt and p-mTOR in K562 cell. In conclusion, loss of TRIM22 suppresses the progression and invasion of CML through regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, suggesting that TRIM22 might be as a potential target for the treatment strategy of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyin Li
- Department of Hematology, Yunnan Research Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Institute of Experimental Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Cuixia Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, P. R. China
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Percicote AP, Mardegan GL, Gugelmim ES, Ioshii SO, Kuczynski AP, Nagashima S, de Noronha L. Tissue expression of retinoic acid receptor alpha and CRABP2 in metastatic nephroblastomas. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:9. [PMID: 29378601 PMCID: PMC6389245 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nephroblastoma or Wilms tumor is the most frequent kidney cancer in children and accounts for 98% of kidney tumors in this age group. Despite favorable prognosis, a subgroup of these patients progresses to recurrence and death. The retinoic acid (RA) pathway plays a role in the chemoprevention and treatment of tumors due to its effects on cell differentiation and its antiproliferative, anti-oxidant, and pro-apoptotic activities. Reports describe abnormal cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABP2) expression in neoplasms and its correlation with prognostic factors and clinical and pathological characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) and CRABP2 in paraffin-embedded samples of nephroblastomas via semiquantitative and quantitative analyses and to correlate this expression with prognostic factors. Methods Seventy-seven cases of nephroblastomas were selected from pediatric oncology services. The respective medical records and surgical specimens were reviewed. Three representative tumor samples and one non-tumor renal tissue sample were selected for the preparation of tissue microarrays (TMA). The Allred scoring system was used for semiquantitative immunohistochemical analyses, whereas a morphometric analysis of the stained area was employed for quantitative evaluation. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used for comparisons between two groups, while the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare three or more groups. Results Immunopositivity for RARA and CRABP2 was observed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. All histological components of the nephroblastoma (blastema, epithelium, and stroma) were positive for both markers. RARA, based on semiquantitative analyses, and CRABP2, bases on quantitative analyses, exhibited increased immunohistochemical expression in patients with metastasis, with p values of 0.0247 and 0.0128, respectively. These findings were similar to the results of the quantitative analysis of RARA expression, showing greater immunopositivity in tumor samples of patients subjected to pre-surgical chemotherapy. No significant correlation was found with the other variables studied, such as disease stage, anaplasia, risk group, histological type, nodal involvement, and clinical evolution. Conclusions Semiquantitative and quantitative analyses of the markers RARA and CRABP2 indicate their potential as biomarkers for tumor progression and their participation in nephroblastoma tumorigenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13000-018-0686-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sergio Ossamu Ioshii
- Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná and School of Health of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Seigo Nagashima
- School of Health of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lúcia de Noronha
- Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná and School of Health of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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15
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Maturu P, Jones D, Ruteshouser EC, Hu Q, Reynolds JM, Hicks J, Putluri N, Ekmekcioglu S, Grimm EA, Dong C, Overwijk WW. Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 Pathway in Creating an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and in Initiation and Progression of Wilms' Tumor. Neoplasia 2017; 19:237-249. [PMID: 28254151 PMCID: PMC6197604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Wilms' tumors (WT), which accountfor 6% of all childhood cancers, arise from dysregulated differentiation of nephrogenic progenitor cells from embryonic kidneys. Though there is an improvement in the prognosis of WT, still 10% of patients with WT die due to recurrence. Thus more effective treatment approaches are necessary. We previously characterized the inflammatory microenvironment in human WT and observed the robust expression of COX-2. The aim of this study was to extend our studies to analyze the role of COX-2 pathway components in WT progression using a mouse model of WT. Herein, COX-2 pathway components such as COX-2, HIF1-α, p-ERK1/2, and p-STAT3 were upregulated in mouse and human tumor tissues. In our RPPA analysis, COX-2 was up-regulated in M15 cells after Wt1 gene was knocked down. Flow cytometry analysis showed the increased infiltration of immune suppressive inflammatory cells such as pDC's and Treg cells in tumors. The chemotactic chemokines responsible for the infiltration of these cells were also induced in CCR5 and CXCR4 dependent manner respectively. The immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10, TGF-β, and TNF-α were also up-regulated. Furthermore, more pronounced Th2 and Treg induced cytokine response was observed than Th1 response in tumors. Basing on all these evidences it is speculated that COX-2 pathway may be a beneficial target for the treatment of WT. It may be most effective as an adjuvant therapy together with other inhibitors. Thus, our current study provides a good rationale for initiating animal studies to confirm the efficacy of COX-2 inhibitors in decreasing tumor cell growth in vivo.
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Key Words
- wt, wilms' tumor
- cox-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- wt1, wilms' tumor 1 gene
- igf2, insulin growth factor2
- hif-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
- ido, indolamine 2, 3-dioxygenase
- tgf-β, transforming growth factor beta
- tnf-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- pdcs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells
- tregs, t regulatory cells
- rppa, reverse phase protein array
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramahamsa Maturu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1010, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Devin Jones
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1010, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E Cristy Ruteshouser
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1010, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qianghua Hu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1010, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph M Reynolds
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0904, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grimm
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0904, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Willem W Overwijk
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0904, Houston, TX, USA
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Micale MA, Embrey B, Macknis JK, Harper CE, Aughton DJ. Constitutional 560.49 kb chromosome 2p24.3 duplication including the MYCN gene identified by SNP chromosome microarray analysis in a child with multiple congenital anomalies and bilateral Wilms tumor. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:618-623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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He J, Guo X, Sun L, Wang N, Bao J. Regulatory network analysis of genes and microRNAs in human hepatoblastoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4099-4106. [PMID: 27895778 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a common type of primary tumor in children. Previous studies have examined the expression of genes, including transcription factors (TFs), target genes, host genes and microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) associated with HB. However, the regulatory pathways of miRNAs and genes remain unclear. In the present study, a novel perspective is proposed, which focuses on HB and the associated regulatory pathways, to construct three networks at various levels, including a differentially expressed network, an associated network and a global network. Genes and miRNAs are considered as key factors in the network. In the three networks, the associations between each pair of factors, including TFs that regulate miRNAs, miRNAs that interact with target genes and miRNAs that are located at host genes, were analyzed. The differentially expressed network is considered to be the most crucial of the three networks. All factors in the differentially expressed network were mutated or differentially expressed, which indicated that the majority of the factors were cancerogenic factors that may lead to HB. In addition, the network contained numerous abnormal linkages that may trigger HB. If the expression of each factor was corrected to a normal level, HB may be successfully treated. The associated network included more HB-associated genes and miRNAs, and was useful for analyzing the pathogenesis of HB. By analyzing these close associations, the first and the last factor of the regulatory pathways were revealed to have important roles in HB. For example, v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN) was observed to regulate Homo sapiens (hsa)-miR-221, hsa-miR-18a and hsa-miR-17-5p, but no miRNAs targeted MYCN. In conclusion, the pathways and mechanisms underlying HB were expounded in the present study, which proposed a fundamental hypothesis for additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin He
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Guo
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China; College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Sun
- College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Bao
- College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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He J, Guo X, Sun L, Wang K, Yao H. Networks analysis of genes and microRNAs in human Wilms' tumors. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3579-3585. [PMID: 27900039 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilms' tumor (WT) is a common kidney cancer. To date, the expression of genes [transcription factors (TFs), target genes and host genes] and microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in WTs has captured the attention of biologists, while the regulatory association between the genes and miRNAs remains unclear. In the present study, TFs, miRNAs, target genes and host genes were considered as key factors in the construction of three levels of regulatory networks, namely, the differentially-expressed network, the related network and the global network. The four factors had three types of association, including the regulation of miRNAs by TFs, the targeting of the target genes by miRNAs and the location of miRNAs at host genes. The differentially-expressed network is the most important of the three networks, and only involves the differentially-expressed genes and miRNAs; with the exception of host genes, those elements all behave abnormally when a WT occurs, which suggests that the differentially-expressed network can accurately reveal the pathogenesis of WTs. E2F3, for example, is overexpressed in WTs, and it regulates hsa-let-7a, hsa-let-7a-1, hsa-miR-106b, among others. Meanwhile, E2F3 is targeted by hsa-miR-106b, hsa-miR-17 and hsa-miR-20a. If the regulatory network can be used to adjust those factors to a normal level, there may be a chance to cure patients with WTs. WT-associated factors were placed into the related network; this network is useful for understanding the regulatory pathways of genes and miRNA in WTs. The networks provide a novel perspective in order to study the inner interactions of genes and miRNAs. The present study provides authoritative data and regulatory pathway analysis in order to partially elucidate the pathogenesis of WT, and thus supplies biologists with a basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin He
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Guo
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China; College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Kuhao Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Yao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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A method and software framework for enriching private biomedical sources with data from public online repositories. J Biomed Inform 2016; 60:177-86. [PMID: 26873780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modern biomedical research relies on the semantic integration of heterogeneous data sources to find data correlations. Researchers access multiple datasets of disparate origin, and identify elements-e.g. genes, compounds, pathways-that lead to interesting correlations. Normally, they must refer to additional public databases in order to enrich the information about the identified entities-e.g. scientific literature, published clinical trial results, etc. While semantic integration techniques have traditionally focused on providing homogeneous access to private datasets-thus helping automate the first part of the research, and there exist different solutions for browsing public data, there is still a need for tools that facilitate merging public repositories with private datasets. This paper presents a framework that automatically locates public data of interest to the researcher and semantically integrates it with existing private datasets. The framework has been designed as an extension of traditional data integration systems, and has been validated with an existing data integration platform from a European research project by integrating a private biological dataset with data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
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Saito-Kanatani M, Urano T, Hiroi H, Momoeda M, Ito M, Fujii T, Inoue S. Identification of TRIM22 as a progesterone-responsive gene in Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 154:217-25. [PMID: 26316153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone plays important roles in implantation and maintains pregnancy. It antagonizes estrogen-mediated cell proliferation and promotes differentiation in the uterus. The action of progesterone is mediated by specific receptors, namely, the progesterone receptors (PRs). We generated two Ishikawa cell clones stably expressing PR isoform A (PR-A) and identified progesterone-responsive genes using cDNA microarray analysis. Fifteen genes were identified as progesterone-responsive gene candidates by microarray analysis and their progesterone-responsiveness was shown by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Out of these 15 genes, we focused on TRIM22. A database search revealed a progesterone response element (PRE) located from the -25 to -11 bp region upstream of TRIM22 exon 1. This PRE had a 1-bp mismatch in the consensus PRE sequence. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that the interaction of PR with the TRIM22 PRE region increased in a hormone-dependent manner. The progesterone-dependent enhancer activity of TRIM22 PRE was demonstrated using a luciferase assay. Based on these results, we propose that TRIM22 is a direct target gene of PR and that it can mediate progesterone actions in uterine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Saito-Kanatani
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Urano
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hisahiko Hiroi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mikio Momoeda
- Department of Integrated Women's Health, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Masanori Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1, Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
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Lu J, Tao YF, Li ZH, Cao L, Hu SY, Wang NN, Du XJ, Sun LC, Zhao WL, Xiao PF, Fang F, Xu LX, Li YH, Li G, Zhao H, Ni J, Wang J, Feng X, Pan J. Analyzing the gene expression profile of anaplastic histology Wilms' tumor with real-time polymerase chain reaction arrays. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:44. [PMID: 26136641 PMCID: PMC4486424 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wilms’ tumor (WT) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms of the urinary tract in children. Anaplastic histology (unfavorable histology) accounts for about 10% of whole WTs, and it is the single most important histologic predictor of treatment response and survival in patients with WT; however, until now the molecular basis of this phenotype is not very clearly. Methods A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array was designed and tested. Next, the gene expression profile of pediatric anaplastic histology WT and normal adjacent tissues were analyzed. These expression data were anlyzed with Multi Experiment View (MEV) cluster software further. Datasets representing genes with altered expression profiles derived from cluster analyses were imported into the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis Tool (IPA). Results 88 real-time PCR primer pairs for quantitative gene expression analysis of key genes involved in pediatric anaplastic histology WT were designed and tested. The gene expression profile of pediatric anaplastic histology WT is significantly different from adjacent normal controls; we identified 15 genes that are up-regulated and 16 genes that are down-regulated in the former. To investigate biological interactions of these differently regulated genes, datasets representing genes with altered expression profiles were imported into the IPA for further analysis, which revealed three significant networks: Cancer, Hematological Disease, and Gene Expression, which included 27 focus molecules and a significance score of 43. The IPA analysis also grouped the differentially expressed genes into biological mechanisms related to Cell Death and Survival 1.15E−12, Cellular Development 2.84E−11, Cellular Growth and Proliferation 2.84E-11, Gene Expression 4.43E−10, and DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair 1.39E−07. The important upstream regulators of pediatric anaplastic histology WT were TP53 and TGFβ1 signaling (P = 1.15E−14 and 3.79E−13, respectively). Conclusions Our study demonstrates that the gene expression profile of pediatric anaplastic histology WT is significantly different from adjacent normal tissues with real-time PCR array. We identified some genes that are dysregulated in pediatric anaplastic histology WT for the first time, such as HDAC7, and IPA analysis showed the most important pathways for pediatric anaplastic histology WT are TP53 and TGFβ1 signaling. This work may provide new clues into the molecular mechanisms behind pediatric anaplastic histology WT. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-015-0197-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan-Fang Tao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lan Cao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shao-Yan Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Na-Na Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 5th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Yin chuan, China
| | - Li-Chao Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Li Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pei-Fang Xiao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Xiao Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Translational Research Center, Second Hospital, The Second Clinical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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22
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Barbayianni E, Kaffe E, Aidinis V, Kokotos G. Autotaxin, a secreted lysophospholipase D, as a promising therapeutic target in chronic inflammation and cancer. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 58:76-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Wegert J, Ishaque N, Vardapour R, Geörg C, Gu Z, Bieg M, Ziegler B, Bausenwein S, Nourkami N, Ludwig N, Keller A, Grimm C, Kneitz S, Williams RD, Chagtai T, Pritchard-Jones K, van Sluis P, Volckmann R, Koster J, Versteeg R, Acha T, O'Sullivan MJ, Bode PK, Niggli F, Tytgat GA, van Tinteren H, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Meese E, Vokuhl C, Leuschner I, Graf N, Eils R, Pfister SM, Kool M, Gessler M. Mutations in the SIX1/2 pathway and the DROSHA/DGCR8 miRNA microprocessor complex underlie high-risk blastemal type Wilms tumors. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:298-311. [PMID: 25670083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Blastemal histology in chemotherapy-treated pediatric Wilms tumors (nephroblastoma) is associated with adverse prognosis. To uncover the underlying tumor biology and find therapeutic leads for this subgroup, we analyzed 58 blastemal type Wilms tumors by exome and transcriptome sequencing and validated our findings in a large replication cohort. Recurrent mutations included a hotspot mutation (Q177R) in the homeo-domain of SIX1 and SIX2 in tumors with high proliferative potential (18.1% of blastemal cases); mutations in the DROSHA/DGCR8 microprocessor genes (18.2% of blastemal cases); mutations in DICER1 and DIS3L2; and alterations in IGF2, MYCN, and TP53, the latter being strongly associated with dismal outcome. DROSHA and DGCR8 mutations strongly altered miRNA expression patterns in tumors, which was functionally validated in cell lines expressing mutant DROSHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Wegert
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Wuerzburg University, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Naveed Ishaque
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for Personalised Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Romina Vardapour
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Wuerzburg University, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Geörg
- Heidelberg Center for Personalised Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zuguang Gu
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for Personalised Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Bieg
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for Personalised Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Ziegler
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Wuerzburg University, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Bausenwein
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Wuerzburg University, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nasenien Nourkami
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Grimm
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Biochemistry, Wuerzburg University, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Physiological Chemistry, Wuerzburg University, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Tas Chagtai
- UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Peter van Sluis
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Volckmann
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tomas Acha
- Unidad de Oncología Pediátrica, Hospital Materno-Infantil de Málaga, 29011 Malaga, Spain
| | - Maureen J O'Sullivan
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, and Trinity College, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Peter K Bode
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's University Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Niggli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's University Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Godelieve A Tytgat
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harm van Tinteren
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Vokuhl
- Kiel Paediatric Cancer Registry, Christian Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ivo Leuschner
- Kiel Paediatric Cancer Registry, Christian Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Graf
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for Personalised Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany; Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Gessler
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Wuerzburg University, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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24
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Li S, Huo Y, Tian H, Zhang Q, Lv Y, Hao Z. In vitro selection and characterization of deoxyribonucleic acid aptamers against connective tissue growth factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 457:640-6. [PMID: 25603056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a secreted matricellular protein possessing complex biological functions. CTGF modulates a number of signaling pathways that are involved in cell adhesion, migration, angiogenesis, myofibroblast activation, extracellular matrix deposition and tissue remodeling. Aptamers are oligonucleic acid chains or polypeptides that bind with specific target molecules hence have the potential to be used in the detection and blockade of the targets. In this study, we selected CTGF-targeting DNA aptamers by using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). After 8 iterative rounds of selection, cloning, DNA sequencing and affinity determination, six aptamers with high affinities to CTGF were obtained. Among them, one (C-ap17P) binds with the N-terminal region (aa 1-190) and the other five (C-ap11, 12, 14, 15 and 18) bind with the C-terminal region (aa 191-350) of hCTGF specifically. The biological stability assay indicated that a representative aptamer, C-ap17P, could keep its integrity at a rather high level for at least 24 h in complete DMEM cell culture medium. These CTGF aptamers might be used as a easy and fast detection tool for CTGF and be developed as CTGF-specific inhibitors for both research works and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
| | - Yongwei Huo
- Research Center of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
| | - Hong Tian
- Research Center of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
| | - Qiannan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
| | - Yifei Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital and the Third Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, PR China.
| | - Zhiming Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China; Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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25
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Akpa MM, Iglesias DM, Chu LL, Cybulsky M, Bravi C, Goodyer PR. Wilms tumor suppressor, WT1, suppresses epigenetic silencing of the β-catenin gene. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2279-88. [PMID: 25331950 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.573576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian kidney is derived from progenitor cells in intermediate mesoderm. During embryogenesis, progenitor cells expressing the Wilms tumor suppressor gene, WT1, are induced to differentiate in response to WNT signals from the ureteric bud. In hereditary Wilms tumors, clonal loss of WT1 precludes the β-catenin pathway response and leads to precancerous nephrogenic rests. We hypothesized that WT1 normally primes progenitor cells for differentiation by suppressing the enhancer of zeste2 gene (EZH2), involved in epigenetic silencing of differentiation genes. In human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells, we show that exogenous WT1B represses EZH2 transcription. This leads to a dramatic decrease in the repressive lysine 27 trimethylation mark on histone H3 that silences β-catenin gene expression. As a result, amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells acquire responsiveness to WNT9b and increase expression of genes that mark the onset of nephron differentiation. Our observations suggest that biallelic loss of WT1 sustains the inhibitory histone methylation state that characterizes Wilms tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle M Akpa
- From the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1 and
| | - Diana M Iglesias
- the Department of Paediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, Montréal, Québec H3Z 2Z3, Canada
| | - Lee Lee Chu
- the Department of Paediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, Montréal, Québec H3Z 2Z3, Canada
| | - Marta Cybulsky
- the Department of Paediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, Montréal, Québec H3Z 2Z3, Canada
| | - Cristina Bravi
- the Department of Paediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, Montréal, Québec H3Z 2Z3, Canada
| | - Paul R Goodyer
- From the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1 and the Department of Paediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, Montréal, Québec H3Z 2Z3, Canada
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26
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Maschietto M, Charlton J, Perotti D, Radice P, Geller JI, Pritchard-Jones K, Weeks M. The IGF signalling pathway in Wilms tumours--a report from the ENCCA Renal Tumours Biology-driven drug development workshop. Oncotarget 2014; 5:8014-26. [PMID: 25478630 PMCID: PMC4226664 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is hypothesised that Wilms tumour (WT) results from aberrant renal development due to its embryonic morphology, associated undifferentiated precursor lesions (termed nephrogenic rests) and embryonic kidney-like chromatin and gene expression profiles. From the study of overgrowth syndrome-associated WT, germline dysregulation was identified in the imprinted region at 11p15 affecting imprinted genes IGF2 and H19. This is also detected in ~70% sporadic cases, making this the most common somatic molecular aberration in WT. This review summarises the critical discussion at an international workshop held under the auspices of The European Network for Cancer Research in Children and Adolescents (ENCCA) consortium, where the potential for drug development to target IGF2 and the WT epigenome was debated. Here, we consider current cancer treatments which include targeting the IGF pathway and the use of methylation agents alone or in combination with other drugs in clinical trials of paediatric cancers. Finally, we discuss the possibility of the use of these drugs to treat patients with WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Maschietto
- Cancer Section, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Jocelyn Charlton
- Cancer Section, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Daniela Perotti
- Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing Unit, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing Unit, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - James I Geller
- UC department of paediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kathy Pritchard-Jones
- Cancer Section, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mark Weeks
- Cancer Section, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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27
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Wells JE, Howlett M, Cole CH, Kees UR. Deregulated expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is linked to poor outcome in human cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:504-11. [PMID: 24832082 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) has long been associated with human cancers. The role it plays in these neoplasms is diverse and tumour specific. Recurring patterns in clinical outcome, histological desmoplasia and mechanisms of action have been found. When CTGF is overexpressed compared to low-expressing normal tissue or is underexpressed compared to high-expressing normal tissue, the functional outcome favours tumour survival and disease progression. CTGF acts by altering proliferation, drug resistance, angiogenesis, adhesion and migration contributing to metastasis. The pattern of CTGF expression and tumour response helps to clarify the role of this matricellular protein across a multitude of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Wells
- Leukaemia and Cancer Division, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Meegan Howlett
- Leukaemia and Cancer Division, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Catherine H Cole
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ursula R Kees
- Leukaemia and Cancer Division, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Koller K, Pichler M, Koch K, Zandl M, Stiegelbauer V, Leuschner I, Hoefler G, Guertl B. Nephroblastomas show low expression of microR-204 and high expression of its target, the oncogenic transcription factor MEIS1. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2014; 17:169-75. [PMID: 24617557 DOI: 10.2350/13-01-1288-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
By comparing several studies we identified a possible deregulation of the transcription factors PBX2 (pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 2) and one of its binding partners, MEIS1 (Meis homeobox 1) in nephroblastomas. The regulation of MEIS1 is complex, and its expression is known to be influenced by changes of promoter methylation and binding of microRNA-204 (miR-204). Therefore, in our study, we assessed the expression of MEIS1 and PBX2 and the factors regulating expression of MEIS1 in nephroblastomas. MEIS1 and PBX2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels were investigated by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Promoter methylation of MEIS1 was evaluated using a methylation-specific PCR assay. Expression levels of miR-204 were examined by qRT-PCR. Eighteen of 21 nephroblastomas showed a high level of MEIS1 mRNA, and 22 of 26 samples had a specific nuclear protein expression. MicroRNA-204 had a statistically significantly lower expression in all nephroblastomas investigated compared with renal parenchyma, but no change of MEIS1 promoter methylation status was noted. Eleven of 23 nephroblastomas had a high expression of PBX2 mRNA, and 15 of 23 samples had a specific nuclear protein expression was noted. In our study, we demonstrated an expression of MEIS1 and its binding partner PBX2 in most nephroblastomas. The statistically significantly lower expression of miR-204 in all nephroblastomas investigated might point to an involvement of miR-204 in the regulation of MEIS1 in nephroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Koller
- 1 Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria
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29
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Iglesias DM, Akpa MM, Goodyer P. Priming the renal progenitor cell. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29:705-10. [PMID: 24414605 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian kidney arises from OSR1(+) progenitor cells in the intermediate mesoderm. However, these cells must acquire unique properties before they can respond to inductive signals that launch the differentiation program. Recent data indicate that the transcription factor, WT1, plays a master role in this transition. Interestingly, some of these embryonic nephron progenitor cells are retained in the adult organ where they may participate in tissue regeneration after acute kidney injury. A better understanding of the biology of these cells may one day allow progenitor cell-based therapeutic strategies to help regenerate damaged adult nephrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Iglesias
- McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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30
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Pritchard-Jones K, Maschietto M, Grundy P. Biological Prognostic Factors in Wilms Tumors. RENAL TUMORS OF CHILDHOOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-44003-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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31
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Lee WK, Chakraborty PK, Thévenod F. Pituitary homeobox 2 (PITX2) protects renal cancer cell lines against doxorubicin toxicity by transcriptional activation of the multidrug transporter ABCB1. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:556-67. [PMID: 23354914 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The multidrug resistance (MDR) P-glycoprotein ABCB1 plays a major role in MDR of malignant cells and is regulated by various transcription factors, including Wnt/β-catenin/TCF4. The transcription factor PITX2 (Pituitary homeobox-2) is essential for embryonic development. PITX2 operates by recruiting and interacting with β-catenin to increase the expression of growth-regulating genes, such as cyclin D1/2 and c-Myc. The importance of PITX2 in malignancy is not yet known. Here we demonstrate that in the renal cancer cell lines ACHN and A498, the level of ABCB1 expression and function correlate with nuclear PITX2 localization and PITX2-luciferase reporter gene activity (A498 > ACHN). In A498 cells, doxorubicin toxicity is augmented by the ABCB1 inhibitor, PSC833. PITX2 overexpression increases ABCB1 expression and cell survival in ACHN cells. Silencing of PITX2 by siRNA downregulates ABCB1 and induces a greater chemotherapeutic response to doxorubicin in A498 cells, as determined by MTT cell viability and clonogenic survival assays. Two PITX2 binding sequences were identified in the ABCB1 promoter sequence. PITX2 binding was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. β-Catenin is not required for PITX2 upregulation of ABCB1 because ABCB1 mRNA increased and doxorubicin toxicity decreased upon PITX2 overexpression in β-catenin(-/-) cells. The data show for the first time that ABCB1 is a target gene of PITX2 transcriptional activity, promoting MDR and cell survival of cancer cells.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/biosynthesis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Cyclosporins/pharmacology
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation
- beta Catenin/genetics
- Homeobox Protein PITX2
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kee Lee
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany
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32
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NCBI2RDF: enabling full RDF-based access to NCBI databases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:983805. [PMID: 23984425 PMCID: PMC3745940 DOI: 10.1155/2013/983805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RDF has become the standard technology for enabling interoperability among heterogeneous biomedical databases. The NCBI provides access to a large set of life sciences databases through a common interface called Entrez. However, the latter does not provide RDF-based access to such databases, and, therefore, they cannot be integrated with other RDF-compliant databases and accessed via SPARQL query interfaces. This paper presents the NCBI2RDF system, aimed at providing RDF-based access to the complete NCBI data repository. This API creates a virtual endpoint for servicing SPARQL queries over different NCBI repositories and presenting to users the query results in SPARQL results format, thus enabling this data to be integrated and/or stored with other RDF-compliant repositories. SPARQL queries are dynamically resolved, decomposed, and forwarded to the NCBI-provided E-utilities programmatic interface to access the NCBI data. Furthermore, we show how our approach increases the expressiveness of the native NCBI querying system, allowing several databases to be accessed simultaneously. This feature significantly boosts productivity when working with complex queries and saves time and effort to biomedical researchers. Our approach has been validated with a large number of SPARQL queries, thus proving its reliability and enhanced capabilities in biomedical environments.
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33
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Anguita A, Martin L, Garcia-Remesal M, Maojo V. RDFBuilder: a tool to automatically build RDF-based interfaces for MAGE-OM microarray data sources. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 111:220-7. [PMID: 23669178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents RDFBuilder, a tool that enables RDF-based access to MAGE-ML-compliant microarray databases. We have developed a system that automatically transforms the MAGE-OM model and microarray data stored in the ArrayExpress database into RDF format. Additionally, the system automatically enables a SPARQL endpoint. This allows users to execute SPARQL queries for retrieving microarray data, either from specific experiments or from more than one experiment at a time. Our system optimizes response times by caching and reusing information from previous queries. In this paper, we describe our methods for achieving this transformation. We show that our approach is complementary to other existing initiatives, such as Bio2RDF, for accessing and retrieving data from the ArrayExpress database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Anguita
- Biomedical Informatics Group, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, School of Computer Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo S/N, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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Dai Y, Liu L, Zeng T, Zhu YH, Li J, Chen L, Li Y, Yuan YF, Ma S, Guan XY. Characterization of the oncogenic function of centromere protein F in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:711-8. [PMID: 23791740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Centromere protein F (CENPF) is an essential nuclear protein associated with the centromere-kinetochore complex and plays a critical role in chromosome segregation during mitosis. Up-regulation of CENPF expression has previously been detected in several solid tumors. In this study, we aim to study the expression and functional role of CENPF in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found CENPF was frequently overexpressed in HCC as compared with non-tumor tissue. Up-regulated CENPF expression in HCC was positively correlated with serum AFP, venous invasion, advanced differentiation stage and a shorter overall survival. Cox regression analysis found that overexpression of CENPF was an independent prognosis factor in HCC. Functional studies found that silencing CENPF could decrease the ability of the cells to proliferate, form colonies and induce tumor formation in nude mice. Silencing CENPF also resulted in the cell cycle arrest at G2/M checkpoint by down-regulating cell cycle proteins cdc2 and cyclin B1. Our data suggest that CENPF is frequently overexpressed in HCC and plays a critical role in driving HCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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miRNA profiles as a predictor of chemoresponsiveness in Wilms' tumor blastema. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53417. [PMID: 23308219 PMCID: PMC3538586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current SIOP treatment protocol for Wilms' tumor involves pre-operative chemotherapy followed by nephrectomy. Not all patients benefit equally from such chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to generate a miRNA profile of chemo resistant blastemal cells in high risk Wilms' tumors which might serve as predictive markers of therapeutic response at the pre-treatment biopsy stage. We have shown here that unsupervised hierarchical clustering of genome-wide miRNA expression profiles can clearly separate intermediate risk tumors from high risk tumors. A total of 29 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between post-treatment intermediate risk and high risk groups, including miRNAs that have been previously linked to chemo resistance in other cancer types. Furthermore, 7 of these 29 miRNAs were already at the pre-treatment biopsy stage differentially expressed between cases ultimately deemed intermediate risk compared to high risk. These miRNA alterations include down-regulation in high risk cases of miR-193a.5p, miR-27a and the up-regulation of miR-483.5p, miR-628.5p, miR-590.5p, miR-302a and miR-367. The demonstration of such miRNA markers at the pre-treatment biopsy stage could permit stratification of patients to more tailored treatment regimens.
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Abstract
Most proteins of the TRIM family (also known as RBCC family) are ubiquitin ligases that share a peculiar protein structure, characterized by including an N-terminal RING finger domain closely followed by one or two B-boxes. Additional protein domains found at their C termini have been used to classify TRIM proteins into classes. TRIMs are involved in multiple cellular processes and many of them are essential components of the innate immunity system of animal species. In humans, it has been shown that mutations in several TRIM-encoding genes lead to diverse genetic diseases and contribute to several types of cancer. They had been hitherto detected only in animals. In this work, by comprehensively analyzing the available diversity of TRIM and TRIM-like protein sequences and evaluating their evolutionary patterns, an improved classification of the TRIM family is obtained. Members of one of the TRIM subfamilies defined, called Subfamily A, turn to be present not only in animals, but also in many other eukaryotes, such as fungi, apusozoans, alveolates, excavates and plants. The rest of subfamilies are animal-specific and several of them originated only recently. Subfamily A proteins are characterized by containing a MATH domain, suggesting a potential evolutionary connection between TRIM proteins and a different type of ubiquitin ligases, known as TRAFs, which contain quite similar MATH domains. These results indicate that the TRIM family emerged much earlier than so far thought and contribute to our understanding of its origin and diversification. The structural and evolutionary links with the TRAF family of ubiquitin ligases can be experimentally explored to determine whether functional connections also exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Marín
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain.
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Barbolina MV, Liu Y, Gurler H, Kim M, Kajdacsy-Balla AA, Rooper L, Shepard J, Weiss M, Shea LD, Penzes P, Ravosa MJ, Stack MS. Matrix rigidity activates Wnt signaling through down-regulation of Dickkopf-1 protein. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:141-51. [PMID: 23152495 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.431411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to changes in the physical properties of the extracellular matrix with altered behavior and gene expression, highlighting the important role of the microenvironment in the regulation of cell function. In the current study, culture of epithelial ovarian cancer cells on three-dimensional collagen I gels led to a dramatic down-regulation of the Wnt signaling inhibitor dickkopf-1 with a concomitant increase in nuclear β-catenin and enhanced β-catenin/Tcf/Lef transcriptional activity. Increased three-dimensional collagen gel invasion was accompanied by transcriptional up-regulation of the membrane-tethered collagenase membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase, and an inverse relationship between dickkopf-1 and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase was observed in human epithelial ovarian cancer specimens. Similar results were obtained in other tissue-invasive cells such as vascular endothelial cells, suggesting a novel mechanism for functional coupling of matrix adhesion with Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Barbolina
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60622, USA
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TRIM22: A Diverse and Dynamic Antiviral Protein. Mol Biol Int 2012; 2012:153415. [PMID: 22649727 PMCID: PMC3356915 DOI: 10.1155/2012/153415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) family of proteins is an evolutionarily ancient group of proteins with homologues identified in both invertebrate and vertebrate species. Human TRIM22 is one such protein that has a dynamic evolutionary history that includes gene expansion, gene loss, and strong signatures of positive selection. To date, TRIM22 has been shown to restrict the replication of a number of viruses, including encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In addition, TRIM22 has also been implicated in cellular differentiation and proliferation and may play a role in certain cancers and autoimmune diseases. This comprehensive paper summarizes our current understanding of TRIM22 structure and function.
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A review of transcriptome studies combined with data mining reveals novel potential markers of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Mutat Res 2011; 750:132-140. [PMID: 22198210 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), a cancer of the serosal pleural cavities, is one of the most aggressive human tumors. In order to identify genes crucial for the onset and progression of MPM, we performed an extensive literature review focused on transcriptome studies (RTS). In this kind of studies a great number of transcripts are analyzed without formulating any a priori hypothesis, thus preventing any bias coming from previously established knowledge that could lead to an over-representation of specific genes. Each study was thoroughly analyzed paying particular attention to: (i) the employed microarray platform, (ii) the number and type of samples, (iii) the fold-change, and (iv) the statistical significance of deregulated genes. We also performed data mining (DM) on MPM using three different tools (Coremine, SNPs3D, and GeneProspector). Results from RTS and DM were compared in order to restrict the number of genes potentially deregulated in MPM. Our main requirement for a gene to be a "mesothelioma gene" (MG) is to be reproducibly deregulated among independent studies and confirmed by DM. A list of MGs was thus produced, including PTGS2, BIRC5, ASS1, JUNB, MCM2, AURKA, FGF2, MKI67, CAV1, SFRP1, CCNB1, CDK4, and MSLN that might represent potential novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets for MPM. Moreover, it was found a sub-group of MGs including ASS1, JUNB, PTGS2, EEF2, SULF1, TOP2A, AURKA, BIRC5, CAV1, IFITM1, PCNA, and PKM2 that could explain, at least in part, the mechanisms of resistance to cisplatin, one first-line chemotherapeutic drug used for the disease. Finally, the pathway analysis showed that co-regulation networks related to the cross-talk between MPM and its micro-environment, in particular involving the adhesion molecules, integrins, and cytokines, might have an important role in MPM. Future studies are warranted to better characterize the role played by these genes in MPM.
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Chetcuti A, Aktas S, Mackie N, Ulger C, Toruner G, Alkan M, Catchpoole D. Expression profiling reveals MSX1 and EphB2 expression correlates with the invasion capacity of Wilms tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57:950-7. [PMID: 21387540 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal malignancy, but the parameters that are important to its invasion capacity are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify new proteins associated with the invasion capacity of Wilms tumor. PROCEDURE Gene expression profiles for 15 primary Wilms tumor samples were determined by Affymetrix Genechip® Human Genome Ul33A microarray analysis. The gene expression profiles for selected genes was further confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 25 Wilms tumor cases to confirm expression for Bcl2A1, EphB2, MSX1, and RIN1. RESULTS Using microarray analysis 14 genes showed differential expression (P < 0.05) comparing stage 1 non-invasive Wilms tumor to stages 2-4 invasive Wilms tumor. The differential expression for Bcl2A1, EphB2, MSX1, and RIN1 was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. MSX1 protein was statistically significantly lower in stages 2-4 invasive Wilms tumor cases compared to stage 1 non-invasive cases (P = 0.013). EphB2 protein was higher in stages 2-4 Wilms tumor cases compared to stage 1 cases (P = 0.006). There was no statistically significant difference between stages 1 and 2-4 Wilms tumor for Bcl2A1 (P = 0.230) or RIN1 (P = 0.969) at the protein level. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that MSX1 may be associated with the invasion capacity of Wilms tumors. RIN1 is a downstream effector of RAS and Bcl2A1 functions as an anti-apoptotic protein. EphB2 is an ephrin receptor and is up-regulated in invasive tumors but its role needs to be confirmed in further cases of Wilms tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Chetcuti
- Children's Cancer Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
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Wegert J, Bausenwein S, Kneitz S, Roth S, Graf N, Geissinger E, Gessler M. Retinoic acid pathway activity in Wilms tumors and characterization of biological responses in vitro. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:136. [PMID: 22067876 PMCID: PMC3239322 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilms tumor (WT) is one of the most common malignancies in childhood. With current therapy protocols up to 90% of patients can be cured, but there is still a need to improve therapy for patients with aggressive WT and to reduce treatment intensity where possible. Prior data suggested a deregulation of the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway in high-risk WT, but its mode of action remained unclear. RESULTS The association of retinoid signaling and clinical parameters could be validated in a large independent tumor set, but its relevance in primary nephrectomy tumors from very young children may be different. Reduced RA pathway activity and MYCN overexpression were found in high risk tumors as opposed to tumors with low/intermediate risk, suggesting a beneficial impact of RA especially on advanced WT. To search for possible modes of action of retinoids as novel therapeutic options, primary tumor cell cultures were treated in vitro with all-trans-RA (ATRA), 9cis-RA, fenretinide and combinations of retinoids and a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Genes deregulated in high risk tumors showed opposite changes upon treatment suggesting a positive effect of retinoids. 6/7 primary cultures tested reduced proliferation, irrespective of prior RA signaling levels. The only variant culture was derived from mesoblastic nephroma, a distinct childhood kidney neoplasm. Retinoid/HDAC inhibitor combinations provided no synergistic effect. ATRA and 9cis-RA induced morphological changes suggestive of differentiation, while fenretinide induced apoptosis in several cultures tested. Microarray analysis of ATRA treated WT cells revealed differential expression of many genes involved in extracellular matrix formation and osteogenic, neuronal or muscle differentiation. The effects documented appear to be reversible upon drug withdrawal, however. CONCLUSIONS Altered retinoic acid signaling has been validated especially in high risk Wilms tumors. In vitro testing of primary tumor cultures provided clear evidence of a potential utility of retinoids in Wilms tumor treatment based on the analysis of gene expression, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Wegert
- Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Wegert J, Bausenwein S, Roth S, Graf N, Geissinger E, Gessler M. Characterization of primary Wilms tumor cultures as an in vitro model. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 51:92-104. [PMID: 22034155 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional analysis of gene candidates and testing of novel therapeutics in Wilms tumors (WT) has been hampered by the lack of in vitro model systems. WT are characterized by a spectrum of histological appearances, but published cell lines are mostly derived from rare anaplastic variants or even non-WT. There has been some success in establishing primary cultures, but these are often poorly characterized or only derived from less frequent WT1 mutant tumors. We report the generation of a set of primary WT-cell cultures using a simple cultivation protocol. Our cultures could be established after preoperative chemotherapy and irrespective of histological subtypes or genetic alterations. The presence of tumor-specific genetic alterations validates these cultures as being tumor-derived. Genetic characterization is of utmost importance as some cultures with similar morphological appearance lacked such alterations and either represent clonal variants or normal cells. By immunohistochemistry, the cells are either epithelial or more mesenchymal, and the latter exhibiting a longer life span with 30 or more passages before undergoing senescence. This may be related to WT being embryonal tumors with a strong differentiation potential that may prevail in vitro. Telomeres progressively shorten with cultivation, but their length does not predict lifespan. hTERT transfection may partly allow establishment of immortalized lines, because 2/7 cultures avoid senescence even in later passages. Importantly, these cells can be efficiently manipulated by transfection, making them a useful model system for in vitro testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Wegert
- Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Schmitt J, Heisel S, Keller A, Leidinger P, Ludwig N, Habel N, Furtwängler R, Nourkami-Tutdibi N, Wegert J, Grundy P, Gessler M, Graf N, Lenhof HP, Meese E. Multicenter study identified molecular blood-born protein signatures for Wilms Tumor. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:673-82. [PMID: 21913182 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Wilms Tumor (WT) is the most common renal childhood tumor. Recently, we reported a cDNA microarray expression pattern that varied between WTs with different risk histology. Since the Societé Internationale d'Oncologie Pédiatrique (SIOP) in Europe initiates treatment without a histological confirmation, it is important to identify blood-born markers that indicate WT development. In a multicenter study, we established an autoantibody signature by using an array with 1,827 recombinant E. coli clones. This array was screened with sera of patients with WT recruited by SIOP or the Children's Oncology Group (COG). We report an extended number of antigens that are reactive with autoantibodies present in sera from patients with WT. We established an autoantibody signature that separates untreated patients with WT recruited in SIOP from non-WT controls with a specificity of 0.83 and a sensitivity of 0.82 at standard deviations of 0.02 and 0.04, respectively. Likewise, patients recruited in the COG in the United States were separated from the controls with an accuracy of 0.83 at a standard deviation of 0.02. Proteins that were most significant include zinc finger proteins (e.g., ZFP 346), ribosomal proteins and the protein fascin that has been associated with various types of cancer including renal cell carcinoma. Our study provides first evidence for autoantibody signatures for WTs and suggests that these may be most informative before chemotherapy. We present the first multicenter study of autoantibody signatures in patients with WT. We established an autoantibody signature that separates patients with WT from controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schmitt
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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Williams RD, Al-Saadi R, Natrajan R, Mackay A, Chagtai T, Little S, Hing SN, Fenwick K, Ashworth A, Grundy P, Anderson JR, Dome JS, Perlman EJ, Jones C, Pritchard-Jones K. Molecular profiling reveals frequent gain of MYCN and anaplasia-specific loss of 4q and 14q in Wilms tumor. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 50:982-95. [PMID: 21882282 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasia in Wilms tumor, a distinctive histology characterized by abnormal mitoses, is associated with poor patient outcome. While anaplastic tumors frequently harbour TP53 mutations, little is otherwise known about their molecular biology. We have used array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and cDNA microarray expression profiling to compare anaplastic and favorable histology Wilms tumors to determine their common and differentiating features. In addition to changes on 17p, consistent with TP53 deletion, recurrent anaplasia-specific genomic loss and under-expression were noted in several other regions, most strikingly 4q and 14q. Further aberrations, including gain of 1q and loss of 16q were common to both histologies. Focal gain of MYCN, initially detected by high resolution aCGH profiling in 6/61 anaplastic samples, was confirmed in a significant proportion of both tumor types by a genomic quantitative PCR survey of over 400 tumors. Overall, these results are consistent with a model where anaplasia, rather than forming an entirely distinct molecular entity, arises from the general continuum of Wilms tumor by the acquisition of additional genomic changes at multiple loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Williams
- Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology Unit, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Overexpression of EZH2 and loss of expression of PTEN is associated with invasion, metastasis, and poor progression of gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2011; 207:472-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Gene expression analysis of blastemal component reveals genes associated with relapse mechanism in Wilms tumour. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:2715-22. [PMID: 21703850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Wilms tumour (WT) is a paediatric kidney tumour, composed of blastemal, epithelial and stromal cells, with a relapse rate of approximately 15%. Long-term survival for patients with relapse remains approximately 50%. Current clinical and molecular research is directed towards identifying prognostic factors to define the minimal and intensive therapy for successful treatment of children with low and high risk of relapse, respectively. Blastemal component presents a high level of aggressiveness and responsiveness to chemotherapy. To identify molecular prognostic markers that are predictive of chemotherapy sensitivity in tumour relapse, blastemal-enriched samples from stage III and IV WT, from patients with relapse or without relapse, were analysed for 4608 human genes immobilised on a customised cDNA platform. These analyses revealed 69 differentially expressed genes, and the top nine genes were further evaluated by qRT-PCR in the initial WT samples. TSPAN3, NCOA6, CDO1, MPP2 and MCM2 were confirmed to be down-regulated in relapse WT, and TSPAN3 and NCOA6 were also validated in an independent sample group. Protein expression of MCM2 and NCOA6 were observed in 38% (13 out of 34) and 28% (9 out of 32), respectively, of independent stage III and IV WT blastema samples, without association with relapse. However, a significant association between MCM2 positive staining and chemotherapy as first treatment suggests the involvement of MCM2 with drug metabolism in WT blastemal cells.
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Pode-Shakked N, Metsuyanim S, Rom-Gross E, Mor Y, Fridman E, Goldstein I, Amariglio N, Rechavi G, Keshet G, Dekel B. Developmental tumourigenesis: NCAM as a putative marker for the malignant renal stem/progenitor cell population. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 13:1792-1808. [PMID: 20187302 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, renal stem cells reside in the nephrogenic blastema. Wilms' tumour (WT), a common childhood malignancy, is suggested to arise from the nephrogenic blastema that undergoes partial differentiation and as such is an attractive model to study renal stem cells leading to cancer initiation and maintenance. Previously we have made use of blastema-enriched WT stem-like xenografts propagated in vivo to define a 'WT-stem' signature set, which includes cell surface markers convenient for cell isolation (frizzled homolog 2 [Drosophila] - FZD2, FZD7, G-protein coupled receptor 39, activin receptor type 2B, neural cell adhesion molecule - NCAM). We show by fluorescenceactivated cell sorting analysis of sphere-forming heterogeneous primary WT cultures that most of these markers and other stem cell surface antigens (haematopoietic, CD133, CD34, c-Kit; mesenchymal, CD105, CD90, CD44; cancer, CD133, MDR1; hESC, CD24 and putative renal, cadherin 11), are expressed in WT cell sub-populations in varying levels. Of all markers, NCAM, CD133 and FZD7 were constantly detected in low-to-moderate portions likely to contain the stem cell fraction. Sorting according to FZD7 resulted in extensive cell death, while sorted NCAM and CD133 cell fractions were subjected to clonogenicity assays and quantitative RT-PCR analysis, exclusively demonstrating the NCAM fraction as highly clonogenic, overexpressing the WT 'stemness' genes and topoisomerase2A (TOP2A), a bad prognostic marker for WT. Moreover, treatment of WT cells with the topoisomerase inhibitors, Etoposide and Irinotecan resulted in down-regulation of TOP2A along with NCAM and WT1. Thus, we suggest NCAM as a marker for the WT progenitor cell population. These findings provide novel insights into the cellular hierarchy of WT, having possible implications for future therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Sally Metsuyanim
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Eithan Rom-Gross
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Israel
| | - Yoram Mor
- Department of Urology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Eduard Fridman
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Itamar Goldstein
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Ninette Amariglio
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Gilmor Keshet
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Abstract
The lack of an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine and the continued emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 strains have pushed the research community to explore novel avenues for AIDS therapy. Over the last decade, one new avenue that has been realized involves cellular HIV-1 restriction factors, defined as host cellular proteins or factors that restrict or inhibit HIV-1 replication. Many of these factors are interferon-induced and inhibit specific stages of the HIV-1 lifecycle that are not targeted by current AIDS therapies. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HIV-1 restriction is far from complete, but our current knowledge of these factors offers hope for the future development of novel therapeutic ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Barr
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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49
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Williams RD, Al-Saadi R, Chagtai T, Popov S, Messahel B, Sebire N, Gessler M, Wegert J, Graf N, Leuschner I, Hubank M, Jones C, Vujanic G, Pritchard-Jones K. Subtype-specific FBXW7 mutation and MYCN copy number gain in Wilms' tumor. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:2036-45. [PMID: 20332316 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wilms' tumor (WT), the most common pediatric renal malignancy, is associated with mutations in several well-characterized genes, most notably WT1, CTNNB1, WTX, and TP53. However, the majority of cases do not harbor mutations in these genes. We hypothesized that additional drivers of tumor behavior would be contained within areas of consistent genomic copy number change, especially those associated with the WT risk groups defined by the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed high-resolution (Affymetrix 250K single nucleotide polymorphism array) genomic copy number profiles of over 100 tumors from selected risk groups treated under the SIOP protocols, further characterizing genes of interest by sequencing, Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification, or fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS We identified FBXW7, an E3 ubiquitin ligase component, as a novel Wilms' tumor gene, mutated or deleted in approximately 4% of tumors examined. Strikingly, 3 of 14 (21%) of tumors with epithelial type histology after neoadjuvant chemotherapy had FBXW7 aberrations, whereas a fourth WT patient had germline mutations in both FBXW7 and WT1. We also showed that MYCN copy number gain, detected in 9 of 104 (8.7%) of cases, is relatively common in WT and significantly more so in tumors of the high risk diffuse anaplastic subtype (6 of 19, 32%). CONCLUSIONS Because MYCN is itself a target of FBXW7-mediated ubiquitination and degradation, these results suggest that a common pathway is dysregulated by different mechanisms in various WT subtypes. Emerging therapies that target MYCN, which is amplified in several other pediatric cancers, may therefore be of value in high risk Wilms' tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Williams
- Section of Paediatric Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Spreafico F, Pritchard Jones K, Malogolowkin MH, Bergeron C, Hale J, de Kraker J, Dallorso S, Acha T, de Camargo B, Dome JS, Graf N. Treatment of relapsed Wilms tumors: lessons learned. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2010; 9:1807-15. [PMID: 19954292 DOI: 10.1586/era.09.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Treatment regimens for recurrent Wilms tumor (WT) are currently designed to include drugs that are not used during primary chemotherapy, using a risk-stratified approach. Therapy of recurrent disease depends on the nature of initial treatment, and of recognized prognostic indicators inherent in the primary tumor. Several highly effective chemotherapy regimens, including ifosfamide-carboplatin-etoposide, cyclophosphamide-etoposide and carboplatin-etoposide, are considered first treatment choice for recurrent disease. While intense-dose chemotherapy is uniformly accepted to treat high-risk recurrent WTs, the optimal therapy for standard-risk children has yet to be defined, owing to the small number of such patients and their relatively better prognosis compared with high-risk recurrences. Recurrent tumors among those defined as very-high risk are likely to develop chemoresistant disease, and novel therapeutic strategies will be necessary to cure these patients. Evidence on how to properly administer surgery and radiotherapy at relapse is more fragmentary. The authors have reviewed the available experiences concerning the treatment of recurrent WT, and have attempted to provide the most up-to-date recommendations regarding the optimal risk-based treatment for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Spreafico
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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