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Bhattarai D, Lee SO, Joshi N, Jun SR, Lo S, Jiang L, Gokden N, Parajuli N. Cold Storage Followed by Transplantation Induces Immunoproteasome in Rat Kidney Allografts: Inhibition of Immunoproteasome Does Not Improve Function. KIDNEY360 2024; 5:743-752. [PMID: 38303110 PMCID: PMC11146655 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Key Points Cold storage (CS) increases the severity of graft dysfunction in a time-dependent manner, and prolonged CS decreases animal survival. CS plus transplant increases iproeasome levels/assembly in renal allografts; IFN-γ is a potential inducer of the iproteasome. Inhibiting iproteasome ex vivo during renal CS did not confer graft protection after transplantation. Background It is a major clinical challenge to ensure the long-term function of transplanted kidneys. Specifically, the injury associated with cold storage (CS) of kidneys compromises the long-term function of the grafts after transplantation. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms underlying CS-related kidney injury are attractive therapeutic targets to prevent injury and improve long-term graft function. Previously, we found that constitutive proteasome function was compromised in rat kidneys after CS followed by transplantation. Here, we evaluated the role of the immunoproteasome (i proteasome), a proteasome variant, during CS followed by transplantation. Methods Established in vivo rat kidney transplant model with or without CS containing vehicle or iproteasome inhibitor (ONX 0914) was used in this study. The i proteasome function was performed using rat kidney homogenates and fluorescent-based peptide substrate specific to β 5i subunit. Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR were used to assess the subunit expression/level of the i proteasome (β 5i) subunit. Results We demonstrated a decrease in the abundance of the β 5i subunit of the i proteasome in kidneys during CS, but β 5i levels increased in kidneys after CS and transplant. Despite the increase in β 5i levels and its peptidase activity within kidneys, inhibiting β 5i during CS did not improve graft function after transplantation. Summary These results suggest that the pharmacologic inhibition of immunoproteasome function during CS does not improve graft function or outcome. In light of these findings, future studies targeting immunoproteasomes during both CS and transplantation may define the role of immunoproteasomes on short-term and long-term kidney transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Seong-Ok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Neelam Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Se-Ran Jun
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sorena Lo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Neriman Gokden
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Nirmala Parajuli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Division of Nephrology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Bhattarai D, Lee SO, MacMillan-Crow LA, Parajuli N. Normal Proteasome Function Is Needed to Prevent Kidney Graft Injury during Cold Storage Followed by Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2147. [PMID: 38396827 PMCID: PMC10888692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, there is a shortage of transplantable kidneys, and donor organs can be damaged by necessary cold storage (CS). Although CS improves the viability of kidneys from deceased donors, prolonged CS negatively affects transplantation outcomes. Previously, we reported that renal proteasome function decreased after rat kidneys underwent CS followed by transplantation (CS + Tx). Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying proteasome dysfunction and the role of the proteasome in kidney graft outcome using a rat model of CS + Tx. We found that the key proteasome subunits β5, α3, and Rpt6 are modified, and proteasome assembly is impaired. Specifically, we detected the modification and aggregation of Rpt6 after CS + Tx, and Rpt6 modification was reversed when renal extracts were treated with protein phosphatases. CS + Tx kidneys also displayed increased levels of nitrotyrosine, an indicator of peroxynitrite (a reactive oxygen species, ROS), compared to sham. Because the Rpt6 subunit appeared to aggregate, we investigated the effect of CS + Tx-mediated ROS (peroxynitrite) generation on renal proteasome assembly and function. We treated NRK cells with exogenous peroxynitrite and evaluated PAC1 (proteasome assembly chaperone), Rpt6, and β5. Peroxynitrite induced a dose-dependent decrease in PAC1 and β5, but Rpt6 was not affected (protein level or modification). Finally, serum creatinine increased when we inhibited the proteasome in transplanted donor rat kidneys (without CS), recapitulating the effects of CS + Tx. These findings underscore the effects of CS + Tx on renal proteasome subunit dysregulation and also highlight the significance of proteasome activity in maintaining graft function following CS + Tx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Seong-Ok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Lee Ann MacMillan-Crow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Nirmala Parajuli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Division of Nephrology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Cold Storage Followed by Transplantation Induces Interferon-Gamma and STAT-1 in Kidney Grafts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065468. [PMID: 36982554 PMCID: PMC10051128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold storage (CS)-mediated inflammation, a reality of donor kidney processing and transplantation, can contribute to organ graft failure. However, the mechanisms by which this inflammation is perpetuated during and after CS remain unclear. Here, we examined the immunoregulatory roles of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family proteins, most notably STAT1 and STAT3, with our in vivo model of renal CS and transplant. Donor rat kidneys were exposed to 4 h or 18 h of CS, which was then followed by transplantation (CS + transplant). STAT total protein level and activity (phosphorylation) were evaluated via Western blot analysis and mRNA expression was tabulated using quantitative RT-PCR after organ harvest on day 1 or day 9 post-surgery. In vivo assays were further corroborated via similar analyses featuring in vitro models, specifically proximal tubular cells (human and rat) as well as macrophage cells (Raw 264.7). Strikingly, gene expression of IFN-γ (a pro-inflammatory cytokine inducer of STAT) and STAT1 were markedly increased after CS + transplant. STAT3 dephosphorylation was additionally observed after CS, a result suggestive of dysregulation of anti-inflammatory signaling as phosphorylated STAT3 acts as a transcription factor in the nucleus to increase the expression of anti-inflammatory signaling molecules. In vitro, IFN-γ gene expression as well as amplification of downstream STAT1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; a hallmark of ischemia reperfusion injury) was remarkably increased after CS + rewarming. Collectively, these results demonstrate that aberrant induction of STAT1 is sustained in vivo post-CS exposure and post-transplant. Thus, Jak/STAT signaling may be a viable therapeutic target during CS to mitigate poor graft outcomes when transplanting kidneys from deceased donors.
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Mulens-Arias V, Nicolás-Boluda A, Carn F, Gazeau F. Cationic Polyethyleneimine (PEI)–Gold Nanocomposites Modulate Macrophage Activation and Reprogram Mouse Breast Triple-Negative MET-1 Tumor Immunological Microenvironment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102234. [PMID: 36297669 PMCID: PMC9607133 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicines based on inorganic nanoparticles have grown in the last decades due to the nanosystems’ versatility in the coating, tuneability, and physical and chemical properties. Nonetheless, concerns have been raised regarding the immunotropic profile of nanoparticles and how metallic nanoparticles affect the immune system. Cationic polymer nanoparticles are widely used for cell transfection and proved to exert an adjuvant immunomodulatory effect that improves the efficiency of conventional vaccines against infection or cancer. Likewise, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) also exhibit diverse effects on immune response depending on size or coatings. Photothermal or photodynamic therapy, radiosensitization, and drug or gene delivery systems take advantage of the unique properties of AuNPs to deeply modify the tumoral ecosystem. However, the collective effects that AuNPs combined with cationic polymers might exert on their own in the tumor immunological microenvironment remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to analyze the triple-negative breast tumor immunological microenvironment upon intratumoral injection of polyethyleneimine (PEI)–AuNP nanocomposites (named AuPEI) and elucidate how it might affect future immunotherapeutic approaches based on this nanosystem. AuPEI nanocomposites were synthesized through a one-pot synthesis method with PEI as both a reducing and capping agent, resulting in fractal assemblies of about 10 nm AuNPs. AuPEI induced an inflammatory profile in vitro in the mouse macrophage-like cells RAW264.7 as determined by the secretion of TNF-α and CCL5 while the immunosuppressor IL-10 was not increased. However, in vivo in the mouse breast MET-1 tumor model, AuPEI nanocomposites shifted the immunological tumor microenvironment toward an M2 phenotype with an immunosuppressive profile as determined by the infiltration of PD-1-positive lymphocytes. This dichotomy in AuPEI nanocomposites in vitro and in vivo might be attributed to the highly complex tumor microenvironment and highlights the importance of testing the immunogenicity of nanomaterials in vitro and more importantly in vivo in relevant immunocompetent mouse tumor models to better elucidate any adverse or unexpected effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mulens-Arias
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Integrative Biomedical Materials and Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Pompeu Fabra University, PRBB, Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Nicolás-Boluda
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Florent Carn
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Chai D, Qiu D, Shi X, Ding J, Jiang N, Zhang Z, Wang J, Yang J, Xiao P, Wang G, Zheng J. Dual-targeting vaccine of FGL1/CAIX exhibits potent anti-tumor activity by activating DC-mediated multi-functional CD8 T cell immunity. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:1-13. [PMID: 34977338 PMCID: PMC8688948 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor DNA vaccine as an effective therapeutic approach can induce systemic immunity against malignant tumors, but its therapeutic effect is still not satisfactory in advanced renal cancer. Herein, a novel DNA vaccine containing dual antigens of fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) was developed and intramuscularly delivered by PLGA/PEI nanoparticles for renal cancer therapy. Compared with PLGA/PEI-pCAIX immunization, PLGA/PEI-pFGL1/pCAIX co-immunization significantly inhibited the subcutaneous tumor growth and promoted the differentiation and maturation of CD11c+ DCs and CD11c+CD11b+ DCs subset. Likewise, the increased capabilities of CD8 T cell proliferation, CTL responses, and multi-functional CD8+ T cell immune responses were observed in PLGA/PEI-pFGL1/pCAIX vaccine group. Interestingly, depletion of CD8+ T cells by using CD8 mAb resulted in a loss of anti-tumor function of PLGA/PEI-pFGL1/pCAIX vaccine, suggesting that the anti-tumor activity of the vaccine was dependent on CD8+ T cell immune responses. Furthermore, PLGA/PEI-pFGL1/pCAIX co-immunization also suppressed the lung metastasis of tumor mice by enhancing the multi-functional CD8+ T cell responses. Therefore, these results indicate that PLGA/PEI-pFGL1/pCAIX vaccine could provide an effective protective effect for renal cancer by enhanced DC-mediated multi-functional CD8+ T cell immune responses. This vaccine strategy offers a potential approach for solid or metastatic tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Qiu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiage Ding
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zichun Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengli Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Corresponding author Gang Wang, PhD, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Corresponding author Junnian Zheng, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.
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Haschka D, Tymoszuk P, Petzer V, Hilbe R, Heeke S, Dichtl S, Skvortsov S, Demetz E, Berger S, Seifert M, Mitterstiller AM, Moser P, Bumann D, Nairz M, Theurl I, Weiss G. Ferritin H deficiency deteriorates cellular iron handling and worsens Salmonella typhimurium infection by triggering hyperinflammation. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e141760. [PMID: 34236052 PMCID: PMC8410025 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for mammals as well as for pathogens. Inflammation-driven changes in systemic and cellular iron homeostasis are central for host-mediated antimicrobial strategies. Here, we studied the role of the iron storage protein ferritin H (FTH) for the control of infections with the intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by macrophages. Mice lacking FTH in the myeloid lineage (LysM-Cre+/+Fthfl/fl mice) displayed impaired iron storage capacities in the tissue leukocyte compartment, increased levels of labile iron in macrophages, and an accelerated macrophage-mediated iron turnover. While under steady-state conditions, LysM-Cre+/+Fth+/+ and LysM-Cre+/+Fthfl/fl animals showed comparable susceptibility to Salmonella infection, i.v. iron supplementation drastically shortened survival of LysM-Cre+/+Fthfl/fl mice. Mechanistically, these animals displayed increased bacterial burden, which contributed to uncontrolled triggering of NF-κB and inflammasome signaling and development of cytokine storm and death. Importantly, pharmacologic inhibition of the inflammasome and IL-1β pathways reduced cytokine levels and mortality and partly restored infection control in iron-treated ferritin-deficient mice. These findings uncover incompletely characterized roles of ferritin and cellular iron turnover in myeloid cells in controlling bacterial spread and for modulating NF-κB and inflammasome-mediated cytokine activation, which may be of vital importance in iron-overloaded individuals suffering from severe infections and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Heeke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sergej Skvortsov
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sylvia Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Dirk Bumann
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Lo S, Jiang L, Stacks S, Lin H, Parajuli N. Aberrant activation of the complement system in renal grafts is mediated by cold storage. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F1174-F1190. [PMID: 33998295 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00670.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant complement activation leads to tissue damage during kidney transplantation, and it is recognized as an important target for therapeutic intervention. However, it is not clear whether cold storage (CS) triggers the complement pathway in transplanted kidneys. The goal of the present study was to determine the impact of CS on complement activation in renal transplants. Male Lewis and Fischer rats were used, and donor rat kidneys were exposed to 4 h or 18 h of CS followed by transplantation (CS + transplant). To study CS-induced effects, a group with no CS was included in which the kidney was removed and transplanted back to the same rat [autotransplantation (ATx)]. Complement proteins (C3 and C5b-9) were evaluated with Western blot analysis (reducing and nonreducing conditions) and immunostaining. Western blot analysis of renal extracts or serum indicated that the levels of C3 and C5b-9 increased after CS + transplant compared with ATx. Quite strikingly, intracellular C3 was profoundly elevated within renal tubules after CS + transplant but was absent in sham or ATx groups, which showed only extratubular C3. Similarly, C5b-9 immunofluorescence staining of renal sections showed an increase in C5b-9 deposits in kidneys after CS + transplant. Real-time PCR (SYBR green) showed increased expression of CD11b and CD11c, components of complement receptors 3 and 4, respectively, as well as inflammatory markers such as TNF-α. In addition, recombinant TNF-α significantly increased C3 levels in renal cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CS mediates aberrant activation of the complement system in renal grafts following transplantation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study highlights cold storage-mediated aberrant activation of complement components in renal allografts following transplantation. Specifically, the results demonstrate, for the first time, that cold storage functions in exacerbation of C5b-9, a terminal cytolytic membrane attack complex, in renal grafts following transplantation. In addition, the results indicated that cold storage induces local C3 biogenesis in renal proximal cells/tubules and that TNF-α promotes C3 biogenesis and activation in renal proximal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorena Lo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Savannah Stacks
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Haixia Lin
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Nirmala Parajuli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Haschka D, Tymoszuk P, Bsteh G, Petzer V, Berek K, Theurl I, Berger T, Weiss G. Expansion of Neutrophils and Classical and Nonclassical Monocytes as a Hallmark in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:594. [PMID: 32411125 PMCID: PMC7202453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils and monocytes encompassing the classical, intermediate, and nonclassical population constitute the majority of circulating myeloid cells in humans and represent the first line of innate immune defense. As such, changes in their relative and absolute amounts serve as sensitive markers of diverse inflammatory conditions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, causing demyelination and axonal loss, affecting various neuron functions and often causing irreversible neurological disability. MS disease course is individually highly heterogeneous but can be classified as progressive (PMS) or relapsing-remitting (RRMS). Each MS course type may be further characterized as active or inactive, depending on the recent disability progression and/or current relapses. Data on specific alterations of the myeloid compartment in association with MS disease course are scarce and conflicting. In the current study, we systematically immunophenotyped blood myeloid leukocytes by flow cytometry in 15 healthy and 65 MS subjects. We found a highly significant expansion of granulocytes, CD15+ neutrophils, and classical and nonclassical monocytes in inactive RRMS (RRMSi) with concomitant shrinkage of the lymphocyte compartment, which did not correlate with biochemical readouts of systemic inflammation. Each of these leukocyte populations and the combined myeloid signature accurately differentiated RRMSi from other MS forms. Additionally, nonclassical monocyte proportions were particularly elevated in RRMSi individuals receiving disease-modifying therapy (DMT), such as natalizumab. Our results suggest that flow cytometry-based myeloid cell immunophenotyping in MS may help to identify RRMSi earlier and facilitate monitoring of DMT response.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriel Bsteh
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Berek
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Cold Storage Increases Albumin and Advanced Glycation-End Product-Albumin Levels in Kidney Transplants: A Possible Cause for Exacerbated Renal Damage. Transplant Direct 2019; 5:e454. [PMID: 31723591 PMCID: PMC6791592 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged cold storage (CS) of kidneys is associated with poor renal outcome after transplantation (Tx). We recently showed that in rats (Lewis), proteasome and renal function were severely compromised in kidney transplants subjected to CS (CS/Tx) as compared with those without CS exposure (autotransplanted [ATx]).
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Wang JQ, Tang Y, Li QS, Xiao M, Li M, Sheng YT, Yang Y, Wang YL. PARG regulates the proliferation and differentiation of DCs and T cells via PARP/NF‑κB in tumour metastases of colon carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2657-2666. [PMID: 30864743 PMCID: PMC6448086 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) on the immune response in tumour metastases of colon carcinoma. CT26 cells were transfected with lentivirus PARG-short hairpin RNA (shRNA). A liver metastasis model of colon carcinoma was successfully established by splenic subcapsular inoculation of the various groups of CT26 cells into BALB/c mice. Next, changes in the liver metastases of colon carcinoma nodules and alterations in the survival times were observed in tumour-bearing mice. The numbers of B220+DEC205+ dendritic cells (B220+DEC205+DC) and CD11c+CD11b+ dendritic cells (CD11c+CD11b+DC) in the spleen and liver were measured by the double-label immunofluorescence assay. The distribution pattern of CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in the spleen and liver was investigated by immunofluorescence staining. The expression levels of PARG, PARP and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) proteins in spleen transplant tumours and liver metastases of colon carcinoma were detected by western blotting. An ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in the serum of tumour-bearing mice and from the supernatant of tumour cells. The numbers and grading of metastatic liver nodules in the PARG-silenced group were clearly lower than those in the control group. The survival time of the PARG-silenced group mice was longer than that in the control group. In the PARG-silenced group, the levels of B220+DEC205+DC in the spleen and liver were lower and the numbers of CD11c+CD11b+DC in the spleen and liver were more than those in the control group. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in the spleen and liver in the PARG-silenced group was increased compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of PARG, PARP and NF-κB in spleen transplant tumours and liver metastases of colon carcinoma were lower in the PARG-silenced group than in the control group. In addition, the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in the serum of tumour-bearing mice and supernatants of tumour cells were both reduced in the PARG-silenced group compared with those in the control group. The present research suggests that the liver metastases of colon carcinoma could be restrained by silencing PARG. Likely, the silencing of PARG could suppress the expression of PARP and NF-κB and subsequently suppress the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-α, finally affecting the proliferation and differentiation of DC and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Qiong Wang
- Department of Cytology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Shu Li
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Tao Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Lan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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11
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Lo S, MacMillan-Crow LA, Parajuli N. Renal cold storage followed by transplantation impairs proteasome function and mitochondrial protein homeostasis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F42-F53. [PMID: 30303714 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00316.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying pathways related to renal cold storage (CS) that lead to renal damage after transplantation (Tx) will help us design novel pathway-specific therapies to improve graft outcome. Our recent report showed that mitochondrial function was compromised after CS alone, and this was exacerbated when CS was combined with Tx (CS/Tx). The goal of this study was to determine whether the proteasome exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction after CS/Tx. We exposed the kidneys of male Lewis rats (in vivo) and rat renal proximal tubular (NRK) cells (in vitro) to CS/Tx or rewarming (CS/RW), respectively. To compare CS-induced effects, in vivo kidney Tx without CS exposure (autotransplantation; ATx) was also used. Our study provides the first evidence that the chymotrypsin-like (ChT-L) peptidase activity of the proteasome declined only after CS/Tx or CS/RW, but not after CS or ATx. Interestingly, key mitochondrial proteins involved with respiration [succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A (SDHA), a complex II subunit, and ATP5B, an ATP synthase/complex V subunit] were detected in the detergent-insoluble fraction after CS/Tx or CS/RW, with compromised complex V activity. Pharmacological inhibition of ChT-L activity in NRK cells decreased the activity of mitochondrial complexes I, II, and V and also increased the levels of SDHA and ATP5B in the insoluble fraction. On the other hand, inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in NRK cells with antimycin A compromised ChT-L function and increased the amounts of SDHA and ATP5B in the insoluble fraction. Our results suggest that mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction during CS precedes compromised ChT-L function after CS/Tx and proteasome dysfunction further alters mitochondrial protein homeostasis and decreases respiration in the kidneys after CS/Tx. Therefore, therapeutics that preserve mitochondrial and proteasome function during CS may provide beneficial outcomes following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorena Lo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Lee Ann MacMillan-Crow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Nirmala Parajuli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
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12
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Tymoszuk P, Evens H, Marzola V, Wachowicz K, Wasmer MH, Datta S, Müller-Holzner E, Fiegl H, Böck G, van Rooijen N, Theurl I, Doppler W. In situ proliferation contributes to accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages in spontaneous mammary tumors. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2247-62. [PMID: 24796276 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infiltration of a neoplasm with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is considered an important negative prognostic factor and is functionally associated with tumor vascularization, accelerated growth, and dissemination. However, the ontogeny and differentiation pathways of TAMs are only incompletely characterized. Here, we report that intense local proliferation of fully differentiated macrophages rather than low-pace recruitment of blood-borne precursors drives TAM accumulation in a mouse model of spontaneous mammary carcinogenesis, the MMTVneu strain. TAM differentiation and expansion is regulated by CSF1, whose expression is directly controlled by STAT1 at the gene promoter level. These findings appear to be also relevant for human breast cancer, in which an interrelationship between STAT1, CSF1, and macrophage marker expression was identified. We propose that, akin to various MU subtypes in nonmalignant tissues, local proliferation and CSF1 play a vital role in the homeostasis of TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Tymoszuk
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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13
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Datta S, Parajuli N, Tymoszuk P, Ottina E, Parson W, Sgonc R, Villunger A, Doppler W. Replenishment of the B cell compartment after doxorubicin-induced hematopoietic toxicity is facilitated by STAT1. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 95:853-66. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0113053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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14
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Tymoszuk P, Doppler W. Impact of STAT1 and CD8 + T cells on the antineoplastic activity of lapatinib and doxorubicin against spontaneous mammary tumors. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26689. [PMID: 24527364 PMCID: PMC3921202 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that CD8+ T cells provide a critical contribution to the antineoplastic activity of 2 chemotherapeutic agents, i.e., doxorubicin and lapatinib, in a model of spontaneous mammary carcinogenesis. The activation of CD8+ T cells and their recruitment to neoplastic lesions turned out to rely on signal transduction and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Accordingly, STAT1-deficient tumor-bearing mice exhibited an impaired response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Tymoszuk
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter; Innsburck Medical University; Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Doppler
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter; Innsburck Medical University; Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Hannesdóttir L, Tymoszuk P, Parajuli N, Wasmer MH, Philipp S, Daschil N, Datta S, Koller JB, Tripp CH, Stoitzner P, Müller-Holzner E, Wiegers GJ, Sexl V, Villunger A, Doppler W. Lapatinib and doxorubicin enhance the Stat1-dependent antitumor immune response. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2718-29. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lára Hannesdóttir
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Nirmala Parajuli
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Marie-Helene Wasmer
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Sonja Philipp
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Nina Daschil
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Sebak Datta
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Johann-Benedikt Koller
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Christoph H. Tripp
- Department of Dermatology; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
- Oncotyrol - Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of Dermatology; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | | | - Gerrit Jan Wiegers
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Veterinary University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Wolfgang Doppler
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
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16
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Abstract
Whether microglia and macrophages are beneficial or harmful in many neurological disorders, including demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and the leukodystrophies, is currently under debate. Answering this question is of special interest in globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), a genetic fatal demyelinating disease, because its rapidly progressive demyelination in the nervous system is accompanied by a characteristic accumulation of numerous globoid macrophages. Therefore, we cross-bred the twitcher (twi) mouse, a bona fide model of GLD, with the macrophage-deficient osteopetrotic mutant and studied the resultant macrophage-deficient twitcher (twi+op) mouse. The twi+op mouse had few microglia and macrophages in the white matter and, interestingly, showed a more severe clinical phenotype compared to the twi mouse. The number of nonmyelinated axons in the spinal cord was significantly higher in twi+op mice than in twi mice at 45 d old. The difference appeared to be due to impaired remyelination in twi+op mice rather than accelerated demyelination. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and immunohistochemical studies revealed that the recruitment of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in response to demyelination was compromised in twi+op mice. Increased myelin debris in the white matter parenchyma of twi+op mice suggested that phagocytosis by macrophages may play an important role in promoting remyelination. Macrophage markers for both protective and destructive phenotypes were significantly upregulated in the spinal cord of twi mice but were close to normal in twi+op mice due to the reduced macrophage number. The overall effects of macrophages in GLD appear to be beneficial to myelin by promoting myelin repair.
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