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Bronte G, Procopio AD, Graciotti L. The application of cancer stem cell model in malignant mesothelioma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 174:103698. [PMID: 35525390 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate of malignant pleural mesothelioma led to study the mechanisms for chemoresistance. The cancer stem cell (CSC) model has been proposed to explain chemoresistance. CSCs are characterized by self-renewal capacity, that is detected through tumor-initiating cell assays. As in other malignancies, many studies sought to identify surface markers to isolate CSCs from malignant mesothelioma. Other studies characterized malignant mesothelioma CSCs for the expression of specific genes involved in stemness and the expression of proteins involved in chemoresistance. However, the main methods to characterize isolated CSCs include sphere formation, invasiveness, tumor-initiating capacity and expression of specific surface markers. The better knowledge of malignant mesothelioma CSCs allowed exploring new potential targets to develop specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bronte
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health and Sciences on Ageing (INRCA-IRCCS), Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Graciotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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2
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Zhang S, Wei H, Ha X, Zhang Y, Guo Y. NK4 Regulates Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Properties and Inhibits Tumorigenicity by Modulating the DKK1/Wnt/β-Catenin Axis. Front Oncol 2022; 11:783575. [PMID: 34970492 PMCID: PMC8712930 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.783575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of NK4 gene on the properties and tumorigenicity in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell. Methods Here, we used the attenuated Salmonella carrying the NK4 gene to transfect the AMC-HN-8 cells and detected the expression of NK4 by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q RT-PCR). The properties of NK4 gene was determined by MTT method, cell scratch test, and flow cytometry. A nude mouse tumorigenesis model was used to evaluate the effect of NK4 gene on the growth of AMC-HN-8 cells in vivo. While a western blot assay was used to assess the expression of DKK1, Wnt1 and β-Catenin in nude mouse tumors. Results qRT-PCR showed that the expression of NK4 in the transfection group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01), and the expression increased with the time of transfection. MTT results showed NK4 overexpression inhibited the proliferation of AMC-HN-8 cells, and the inhibitory activity no longer increased with increasing dose when 30% expression supernatant was added (P<0.01). Scratch experiment showed that NK4 overexpression decreased the cell migration ability (P<0.01). Annexin V/PI double staining experiment showed that NK4 gene induced AMC-HN-8 cell apoptosis (P<0.01), and cell cycle arrest in S phase (P<0.01). NK4 overexpression inhibited tumor formation ability of AMC-HN-8 cells in vivo (P <0.05). WB detection showed that the expression of DKK1 increased, Wnt1 and β-Catenin protein decreased after the high expression of NK4. Conclusions NK4 gene inhibit cell proliferation and migration, while promote cell apoptosis, and induce cell cycle arrest in S phase of laryngeal carcinoma AMC-HN-8 cells. NK4 overexpression inhibit the tumorigenesis ability of AMC-HN-8 cells, which may be related to the regulation of DKK1/Wnt1/β-Catenin signal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoukai Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hulai Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ha
- Laboratory, People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force 940th Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yueyu Zhang
- Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yufen Guo
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Zhou T, Zhang W, Cheng D, Tang X, Feng J, Wu W. Preparation, Characterization, and in vivo Evaluation of NK4-Conjugated Hydroxycamptothecin-Loaded Liposomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2277-2286. [PMID: 32280220 PMCID: PMC7127779 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s243746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, NK4-conjugated hydroxycamptothecin liposomes (NK4-HCPT-Lips) were prepared with the aim of improving drug targeting to the liver. METHODS NK4-HCPT-Lips were prepared using the thin-film dispersion method. In vitro antitumor activities were evaluated by MTT assay. HCPT levels in plasma and tissues were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with camptothecin as the internal standard, and the characteristics, pharmacokinetics, and bio-distribution of NK4-HCPT-Lips were evaluated. RESULTS The liposomes showed a regular spherical-shaped morphology, and the entrapment efficiency and drug loading capacity reached 82.5 ± 2.4% and 3.01 ± 0.23%, respectively, with a particle size of 155.6 ± 2.6 nm and a zeta potential of -24.8 ± 3.3 mV. Inhibition effect experiments found that NK4-HCPT-Lips had a good inhibition on the HepG2 cells. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed an increase in the area under the curve and mean residence time as well as a decrease in plasma clearance (p < 0.05) of the NK4-HCPT-Lips compared to those of HCPT liposomes and a commercial HCPT injection. Tissue distribution studies showed that NK4-HCPT-Lips were present at high levels in the liver but were cleared from the kidneys. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that NK4-HCPT-Lips possess excellent liver-targeting attributes, which could enhance the therapeutic effects of drug treatments for hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Tang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning530200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin541004, People’s Republic of China
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Effect of Spheroidal Age on Sorafenib Diffusivity and Toxicity in a 3D HepG2 Spheroid Model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4863. [PMID: 30890741 PMCID: PMC6425026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The enhanced predictive power of 3D multi-cellular spheroids in comparison to conventional monolayer cultures makes them a promising drug screening tool. However, clinical translation for pharmacology and toxicology is lagging its technological progression. Even though spheroids show a biological complexity resembling native tissue, standardization and validation of drug screening protocols are influenced by continuously changing physiological parameters during spheroid formation. Such cellular heterogeneities impede the comparability of drug efficacy studies and toxicological screenings. In this paper, we demonstrated that aside from already well-established physiological parameters, spheroidal age is an additional critical parameter that impacts drug diffusivity and toxicity in 3D cell culture models. HepG2 spheroids were generated and maintained on a self-assembled ultra-low attachment nanobiointerface and characterized regarding time-dependent changes in morphology, functionality as well as anti-cancer drug resistance. We demonstrated that spheroidal aging directly influences drug response due to the evolution of spheroid micro-structure and organo-typic functions, that alter inward diffusion, thus drug uptake.
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Lu Y, Liang Y, Zheng X, Deng X, Huang W, Zhang G. EVI1 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell features and chemo-/radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:82. [PMID: 30770775 PMCID: PMC6377731 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant EVI1 expression is frequently reported in cancer studies; however, its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been examined in detail. The aim of the present study is to investigate the involvement of EVI1 in progression and prognosis of NPC. METHODS RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot assays were used to examine the expression of EVI1 in NPC tissues and cell lines. Fluorescence in situ hybridization assay was used to examine the amplification of EVI1 in NPC tissues. The biological effect of EVI1 was determined by both in vitro and in vivo studies. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm that EVI1 bind at E-cadherin andβ-catenin promoters. The ChIP, EMSA, and coimmunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry assays were used to analyze the EVI1 regulated proteins. RESULTS EVI1 expression level was up-regulated in NPC tissues and cell lines. EVI1 was amplificated in NPC tissues. We observed that EVI1 down-regulation decreased the cell proliferation and invasive capacity of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. EVI1, snail, and HDAC1 formed a co-repressor complex to repress E-cadherin expression and ultimately contributed to epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in NPC cells. In another way, EVI1 directly bound at β-catenin promoter and activated its expression. β-catenin mediated EVI1's function on cancer stem cells (CSCs) properties. EVI1 up-regulation predicted unfavorable prognosis and contributed to chemo/radio-resistance in NPC cells. Finally, we constructed arsenic trioxide-loaded nanoparticles (ALNPs) and revealed that ALNPs exerted anti-tumor effect in NPC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that EVI1 played an oncogenic role in NPC growth and metastasis and that EVI1 might serve as a novel molecular target for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyong Lu
- Department of Oncology (Section 3), Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Liang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Yanling Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xubin Deng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China.
| | - Gong Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China.
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Que W, Liu H, Yang Q, Xu S. Antiproliferation activities of NK4 on multiple myeloma. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3668-3673. [PMID: 30233724 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been demonstrated to promote MM cell growth. NK4, a splice variant of HGF in which the heavy chain consists of the N-terminal domain and the four kringle domains, is a specific antagonist of HGF that competes with HGF for tyrosine-protein kinase receptor binding. The current study aimed to examine the antiproliferative activity of NK4 on human MM cells and to investigate the underlying mechanism. The results indicated that NK4 suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in RPMI 8226 cells. In addition, NK4 altered the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-associated proteins in RPMI 8226, including cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, apoptosis regulator Bcl-2, apoptosis regulator BAX, cleaved caspase-9 and caspase-3. Furthermore, NK4 inhibited the activation of the RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt)/serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR (mTOR) signaling pathway and reduced the levels of phosphorylated (p)-Akt, p-mTOR, ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 in RPMI 8226 cells. In conclusion, NK4 inhibited the proliferation of human MM RPMI 8226 cells, which may be attributed to the induction of apoptosis and the inhibition of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Que
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Nanping First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian 353000, P.R. China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Nanping First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian 353000, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Huili Liu
- Department of Medical Technology, Zhang Zhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, P.R. China
| | - Qinqin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Shanghua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Nanping First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Nanping, Fujian 353000, P.R. China
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Gao H, Gong N, Ma Z, Miao X, Chen J, Cao Y, Zhang G. LncRNA ZEB2-AS1 promotes pancreatic cancer cell growth and invasion through regulating the miR-204/HMGB1 axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:545-551. [PMID: 29753015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, lncRNA ZEB2-AS1 was identified as a lncRNA that promoted cancer progression. However, the biological function and the underlying mechanism of ZEB2-AS1 in pancreatic cancer had not been reported. In the current study, we revealed that the expression level of ZEB2-AS1 was elevated in pancreatic cancer cell lines and tissues. ZEB2-AS1 inhibition decreased cell growth and invasion in pancreatic cancer. Mechanismly, ZEB2-AS1 exerted as a ceRNA and negatively regulated miR-204 expression. In addition, HMGB1 was identified as a down-stream target of miR-204. The miR-204/HMGB1 axis mediated ZEB2-AS1's effect on pancreatic cancer. Our findings revealed that lncRNA ZEB2-AS1 may be a candidate prognostic biomarker and a target for new therapies in pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Gao
- Health and Human Service Department, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China; Affiliated Xianyue Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Nana Gong
- Department of Laboratory, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zebin Ma
- Second of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of ChineseMedicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Miao
- Department of Chemo- and Radiation Oncology, NO.2 Hospital of Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinchun Chen
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Affiliated Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China.
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan, China.
| | - Gong Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China.
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Downregulation of miR-130a promotes cell growth and epithelial to mesenchymal transition by activating HMGB2 in glioma. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 93:25-31. [PMID: 28851665 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of miR-130a is usually found in cancer studies; however, the role of miR-130a has seldom been reported in glioma. We explored miR-130a's function and the underlying mechanism in glioma. It was found that miR-130a expression was significantly down-regulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-130a decreased glioma cell growth and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. We identified the oncogene HMGB2 as a downstream target of miR-130a by using luciferase and western blot assays. Knockdown of HMGB2 mimicked the effect of miR-130a in glioma cells. Taken together, our study demonstrate that miR-130a may function as a tumor suppressor in glioma and suggest that miR-130a is a potential therapeutic target for glioma patients.
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Yang Z, Chen B, Huang W, Liu Y, Zhang Y. MiR-204/ZEB2 axis functions as key mediator for MALAT1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317690998. [PMID: 28675122 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317690998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs recently were identified as key mediators of cancer metastasis. This study provided evidence that long non-coding RNA MALAT1 was up-regulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. MALAT1 promoted cancer cell invasion through inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Interestingly, we revealed there was a reciprocal repression between MALAT1 and miR-204. ZEB2 was identified as a downstream target of miR-204 and MALAT1 exerted its function mainly through the miR-204/ZEB2 axis. Our findings suggested that MALAT1 may serve as a new diagnostic biomarker and therapy target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Wang
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yijin Zhou
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhicheng Yang
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Baoying Chen
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wennan Huang
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yongyuan Liu
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
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The Inhibitory Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with rAd-NK4 on Liver Cancer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:444-459. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Jin C, Yan B, Lu Q, Lin Y, Ma L. The role of MALAT1/miR-1/slug axis on radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4025-33. [PMID: 26482776 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a critical role in the regulation of cancer progression and metastasis. However, little is known whether lncRNA regulated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell radioresistance. In the present study, we found that MALAT1 was significantly upregulated in NPC cell lines and tissues. Knockdown of MALAT1 could sensitize NPC cells to radiation both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, we found that MALAT1 regulated radioresistance by modulating cancer stem cell (CSC) activity. Furthermore, we found that there was reciprocal repression between MALAT1 and miR-1, and slug was identified as a downstream target of miR-1. Taking these observations into consideration, we proposed that MALAT1 regulated CSC activity and radioresistance by modulating miR-1/slug axis, which indicated that MALAT1 could act as a therapeutic target for NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingchuan Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Lin
- Oncology Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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