1
|
Karasu M, Bolayır HA. Cut-off value for interleukin-34 as an additional potential inflammatory biomarker for estimation of slow coronary flow risk. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:2. [PMID: 38166811 PMCID: PMC10762812 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory markers may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of slow coronary flow (SCF), including subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Interleukin-34 (IL-34), known for its role in immuno-inflammatory diseases, might hold significance in SCF. We aimed to explore the potential association between IL-34 and SCF in patients undergoing diagnostic elective coronary angiography. METHODS This observational, cross-sectional study enrolled 256 participants: 124 with SCF and 132 with normal coronary flow (NCF). All participants had undergone outpatient coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery disease. SCF assessment employed the TIMI frame count (TFC) for quantifying coronary flow rate. RESULTS SCF patients exhibited significantly elevated TFC in all three major coronary arteries compared to controls (p < 0.05). IL-34 displayed a noteworthy positive correlation with average TFC [for all participants: r = 0.514, p < 0.001; for SCF patients: r = 0.526, p < 0.001; for normal controls: r = -0.288, p > 0.05]. Similarly, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) showed a significant and positive relationship with average TFC [for all participants: r = 0.504, p < 0.001; for SCF patients: r = 0.558, p < 0.001; for normal controls: r = -0.148, p > 0.05]. SCF patients presented coronary arteries of larger size compared to controls. CONCLUSION Mean coronary diameter and IL-34 emerged as independent predictors of SCF. Additionally, hsCRP, mean coronary diameter, and IL-34 exhibited a positive correlation with mean TFC values. IL-34 appears to be a more effective indicator than hsCRP in SCF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Karasu
- Department of Cardiology, Fethi Sekin Sehir Hastanesi, Elazıg, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Ata Bolayır
- Department of Cardiology, Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi Kardiyoloji ABD, Malatya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is recognized as a chronic immuno-inflammatory disease that is characterized by the accumulation of immune cells and lipids in the vascular wall. In this review, we focus on the latest advance regarding the regulation and signaling pathways of IL-22 and highlight its impacts on atherosclerosis. MAIN BODY IL-22, an important member of the IL-10 family of cytokines, is released by cells of the adaptive and innate immune system and plays a key role in the development of inflammatory diseases. The binding of IL-22 to its receptor complex can trigger a diverse array of downstream signaling pathways, in particular the JAK/STAT, to induce the expression of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines. Recently, numerous studies suggest that IL-22 is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by regulation of VSMC proliferation and migration, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, hypertension, and cholesterol metabolism. CONCLUSION IL-22 promotes the development of atherosclerosis by multiple mechanisms, which may be a promising therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wen Luo
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hassan Z, Wang J, Qin Y, Wang W, Liu Q, Lei L, Sun Z, Yang Y, Wu K, Zhu X, Wang Z, Feng H, Zou J. Functional characterization of an interleukin 20 like homologue in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 115:43-57. [PMID: 33992768 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
IL-20 is a pleiotropic cytokine that belongs to the IL-10 family and plays an important biological role in tissue homeostasis and regulation of host immune defenses. IL-20 homologues have recently been discovered in fish, but their functions have not been studied. In this study, an IL-20 like (IL-20L) cytokine was cloned in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its bioactivities were investigated. Expression analysis showed that the CiIL-20L gene was constitutively expressed in tissues with the highest expression detected in the head kidney. It was upregulated in the head kidney after infection with Flavobactrium columnare (F. cloumnare) and grass carp reovirus II (GCRV II). The recombinant CiIL-20L produced in E. coli cells was shown to be effective in inducing the expression of Th cytokine genes (IFN-γ, IL-4/13A, IL-4/13B and IL-10), macrophage marker genes (arginase 2, IRF4, KLF4 and SOCS3) and inflammatory genes (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα) in the head kidney leukocytes when stimulated at 12 h. Long term culture (6 days) of head kidney macrophages in the presence of CiIL-20L leads to high expression of IRF4, TGFβ1 and arginase 2. Our data suggest that IL-20 may play regulatory roles in promoting Th responses, macrophage differentiation and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Department of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Egypt
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Qin
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Lei
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaosheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaizheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dijkstra JM. A method for making alignments of related protein sequences that share very little similarity; shark interleukin 2 as an example. Immunogenetics 2021; 73:35-51. [PMID: 33512550 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An optimized alignment of related protein sequences helps to see their important shared features and to deduce their phylogenetic relationships. At low levels of sequence similarity, there are no suitable computer programs for making the best possible alignment. This review summarizes some guidelines for how in such instances, nevertheless, insightful alignments can be made. The method involves, basically, the understanding of molecular family features at both the protein and intron-exon level, and the collection of many related sequences so that gradual differences may be observed. The method is exemplified by identifying and aligning interleukin 2 (IL-2) and related sequences in Elasmobranchii (sharks/rays) and coelacanth, as other authors have expressed difficulty with their identification. From the point of general immunology, it is interesting that the unusual long "leader" sequence of IL-15, already known in other species, is even more impressively conserved in cartilaginous fish. Furthermore, sequence comparisons suggest that IL-2 in cartilaginous fish has lost its ability to bind an IL-2Rα/15Rα receptor chain, which would prohibit the existence of a mechanism for regulatory T cell regulation identical to mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M Dijkstra
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Dengaku-gakubo 1-98Toyoake-shi, Aichi-ken, 470-1192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou T, Zhang W, Cheng D, Tang X, Feng J, Wu W. Preparation, Characterization, and in vivo Evaluation of NK4-Conjugated Hydroxycamptothecin-Loaded Liposomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2277-2286. [PMID: 32280220 PMCID: PMC7127779 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s243746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, NK4-conjugated hydroxycamptothecin liposomes (NK4-HCPT-Lips) were prepared with the aim of improving drug targeting to the liver. METHODS NK4-HCPT-Lips were prepared using the thin-film dispersion method. In vitro antitumor activities were evaluated by MTT assay. HCPT levels in plasma and tissues were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with camptothecin as the internal standard, and the characteristics, pharmacokinetics, and bio-distribution of NK4-HCPT-Lips were evaluated. RESULTS The liposomes showed a regular spherical-shaped morphology, and the entrapment efficiency and drug loading capacity reached 82.5 ± 2.4% and 3.01 ± 0.23%, respectively, with a particle size of 155.6 ± 2.6 nm and a zeta potential of -24.8 ± 3.3 mV. Inhibition effect experiments found that NK4-HCPT-Lips had a good inhibition on the HepG2 cells. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed an increase in the area under the curve and mean residence time as well as a decrease in plasma clearance (p < 0.05) of the NK4-HCPT-Lips compared to those of HCPT liposomes and a commercial HCPT injection. Tissue distribution studies showed that NK4-HCPT-Lips were present at high levels in the liver but were cleared from the kidneys. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that NK4-HCPT-Lips possess excellent liver-targeting attributes, which could enhance the therapeutic effects of drug treatments for hepatic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Tang
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning530200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin541004, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma YY, Li JR, Peng ZG, Zhang JP. IL28A protein homotetramer structure is required for autolysosomal degradation of HCV-NS5A in vitro. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:200. [PMID: 32205851 PMCID: PMC7090004 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Interferon lambda-2 (IL28A) has a wide antiviral effect with fewer side-effects. Autophagy is a host mechanism to maintain intracellular homeostasis and defends invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. HCV NS5A can disable host defense systems to support HCV replication. Thus, molecular mechanism of interaction among interferon lambda, autophagy, and HCV was concerned and explored in this study. We report that HCV NS5A activated an incomplete autophagy by promoting the autophagic ubiquitylation-like enzymes ATG3, ATG5, ATG7, ATG10, and autophagosome maker LC3B, but blocked autophagy flux; IL28A bound to NS5A at NS5A-ISDR region, and degraded HCV-NS5A by promoting autolysosome formations in HepG2 cells. A software prediction of IL28A protein conformation indicated a potential structure of IL28A homotetramer; the first α-helix of IL28A locates in the interfaces among the four IL28A chains to maintain IL28A homotetrameric conformation. Co-IP and cell immunofluorescence experiments with sequential deletion mutants demonstrate that IL28A preferred a homotetramer conformation to a monomer in the cells; the IL28A homotetramer is positively correlated with autolysosomal degradation of HCV NS5A and the other HCV proteins. Summarily, the first α-helix of IL28A protein is the key domain for maintaining IL28A homotetramer which is required for promoting formation of autolysosomes and degradation of HCV proteins in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jian-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing-Pu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health Commission (NHC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bortnov V, Tonelli M, Lee W, Lin Z, Annis DS, Demerdash ON, Bateman A, Mitchell JC, Ge Y, Markley JL, Mosher DF. Solution structure of human myeloid-derived growth factor suggests a conserved function in the endoplasmic reticulum. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5612. [PMID: 31819058 PMCID: PMC6901522 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human myeloid-derived growth factor (hMYDGF) is a 142-residue protein with a C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention sequence (ERS). Extracellular MYDGF mediates cardiac repair in mice after anoxic injury. Although homologs of hMYDGF are found in eukaryotes as distant as protozoans, its structure and function are unknown. Here we present the NMR solution structure of hMYDGF, which consists of a short α-helix and ten β-strands distributed in three β-sheets. Conserved residues map to the unstructured ERS, loops on the face opposite the ERS, and the surface of a cavity underneath the conserved loops. The only protein or portion of a protein known to have a similar fold is the base domain of VNN1. We suggest, in analogy to the tethering of the VNN1 nitrilase domain to the plasma membrane via its base domain, that MYDGF complexed to the KDEL receptor binds cargo via its conserved residues for transport to the ER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeriu Bortnov
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Marco Tonelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Woonghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ziqing Lin
- Departments of Cell and Regenerative Biology and Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Douglas S Annis
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Omar N Demerdash
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Alex Bateman
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Julie C Mitchell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Departments of Cell and Regenerative Biology and Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - John L Markley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yuan Z, Tsou YH, Zhang XQ, Huang S, Yang Y, Gao M, Ho W, Zhao Q, Ye X, Xu X. Injectable Citrate-Based Hydrogel as an Angiogenic Biomaterial Improves Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:38429-38439. [PMID: 31573790 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Implanted medical biomaterials are closely in contact with host biological systems via biomaterial-cell/tissue interactions, and these interactions play pivotal roles in regulating cell functions and tissue regeneration. However, many biomaterials degrade over time, and these degradation products also have been shown to interact with host cells/tissue. Therefore, it may prove useful to specifically design implanted biomaterials with degradation products which greatly improve the performance of the implant. Herein, we report an injectable, citrate-containing polyester hydrogel which can release citrate as a cell regulator via hydrogel degradation and simultaneously show sustained release of an encapsulated growth factor Mydgf. By coupling the therapeutic effect of the hydrogel degradation product (citrate) with encapsulated Mydgf, we observed improved postmyocardial infarction (MI) heart repair in a rat MI model. Intramyocardial injection of our Mydgf-loaded citrate-containing hydrogel was shown to significantly reduce scar formation and infarct size, increase wall thickness and neovascularization, and improve heart function. This bioactive injectable hydrogel-mediated combinatorial approach offers myriad advantages including potential adjustment of delivery rate and duration, improved therapeutic effect, and minimally invasive administration. Our rational design combining beneficial degradation product and controlled release of therapeutics provides inspiration toward the next generation of biomaterials aiming to revolutionize regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhize Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | | | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Shixing Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | - Mingzhu Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | | | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | - Xiaofeng Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xue Y, Jiang X, Gao J, Li X, Xu J, Wang J, Gao Q, Zou J. Functional characterisation of interleukin 34 in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 92:91-100. [PMID: 31146007 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL) 34 plays an important role in regulating macrophage functions and inflammation process. IL-34 homologues have recently been discovered in fish but the functions have not been studied. In this study, an IL-34 homologue was identified in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and its bioactivities were investigated. The grass carp IL-34 was constitutively expressed in tissues, with the highest expression detected in spleen. It could be up-regulated in spleen after infection with F. cloumnare and grass carp reovirus II, and in primary head kidney leucocytes by recombinant IL-4/13B. The recombinant IL-34 produced in bacteria and HEK293T cells showed stimulatory effect on the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 but inhibited expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in primary head kidney macrophages. The results demonstrate that IL-34 is a proinflammatory cytokine in grass carp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingduo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gómez-Fernández P, Urtasun A, Paton AW, Paton JC, Borrego F, Dersh D, Argon Y, Alloza I, Vandenbroeck K. Long Interleukin-22 Binding Protein Isoform-1 Is an Intracellular Activator of the Unfolded Protein Response. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2934. [PMID: 30619294 PMCID: PMC6302113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human IL22RA2 gene co-produces three protein isoforms in dendritic cells [IL-22 binding protein isoform-1 (IL-22BPi1), IL-22BPi2, and IL-22BPi3]. Two of these, IL-22BPi2 and IL-22BPi3, are capable of neutralizing the biological activity of IL-22. The function of IL-22BPi1, which differs from IL-22BPi2 through an in-frame 32-amino acid insertion provided by an alternatively spliced exon, remains unknown. Using transfected human cell lines, we demonstrate that IL-22BPi1 is secreted detectably, but at much lower levels than IL-22BPi2, and unlike IL-22BPi2 and IL-22BPi3, is largely retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As opposed to IL-22BPi2 and IL-22BPi3, IL-22BPi1 is incapable of neutralizing or binding to IL-22 measured in bioassay or assembly-induced IL-22 co-folding assay. We performed interactome analysis to disclose the mechanism underlying the poor secretion of IL-22BPi1 and identified GRP78, GRP94, GRP170, and calnexin as main interactors. Structure-function analysis revealed that, like IL-22BPi2, IL-22BPi1 binds to the substrate-binding domain of GRP78 as well as to the middle domain of GRP94. Ectopic expression of wild-type GRP78 enhanced, and ATPase-defective GRP94 mutant decreased, secretion of both IL-22BPi1 and IL-22BPi2, while neither of both affected IL-22BPi3 secretion. Thus, IL-22BPi1 and IL-22BPi2 are bona fide clients of the ER chaperones GRP78 and GRP94. However, only IL-22BPi1 activates an unfolded protein response (UPR) resulting in increased protein levels of GRP78 and GRP94. Cloning of the IL22RA2 alternatively spliced exon into an unrelated cytokine, IL-2, bestowed similar characteristics on the resulting protein. We also found that CD14++/CD16+ intermediate monocytes produced a higher level of IL22RA2 mRNA than classical and non-classical monocytes, but this difference disappeared in immature dendritic cells (moDC) derived thereof. Upon silencing of IL22RA2 expression in moDC, GRP78 levels were significantly reduced, suggesting that native IL22RA2 expression naturally contributes to upregulating GRP78 levels in these cells. The IL22RA2 alternatively spliced exon was reported to be recruited through a single mutation in the proto-splice site of a Long Terminal Repeat retrotransposon sequence in the ape lineage. Our work suggests that positive selection of IL-22BPi1 was not driven by IL-22 antagonism as in the case of IL-22BPi2 and IL-22BPi3, but by capacity for induction of an UPR response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Gómez-Fernández
- Neurogenomiks Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Andoni Urtasun
- Neurogenomiks Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Adrienne W. Paton
- Research for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - James C. Paton
- Research for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Basque Center for Transfusion and Human Tissues, Galdakao, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Devin Dersh
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yair Argon
- Division of Cell Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Iraide Alloza
- Neurogenomiks Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- Neurogenomiks Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun J, Li Y, Li M, Liu Y, Qu C, Wang L, Song L. A novel JNK is involved in immune response by regulating IL expression in oyster Crassostrea gigas. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 79:93-101. [PMID: 29751034 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a member of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) highly conserved from yeast to mammals and participates in regulating many physiological and pathological processes. In the present study, a novel JNK was identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas (designated as CgJNK) and its biological functions were investigated in response against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The CgJNK consists of 415 amino acids, which includes a serine/threonine protein kinase (S_TKc) domain with a conserved Thr-Pro-Tyr (TPY) motif. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CgJNK shared high similarity with other members of the JNK subfamily. CgJNK mRNA was detected in all the tested tissues and CgJNK mRNA expression levels in hemocytes were significantly up-regulated from 6 to 72 h after LPS stimulation and reached the highest level (16.1-fold, p < 0.01) at 24 h. The phosphorylation level of CgJNK in C. gigas hemocytes was increased at 2 h after LPS stimulation. The subcellular localization of CgJNK phosphorylation in hemocytes was analyzed after LPS stimulation, and CgJNK phosphorylation could be detected in both cytoplasm and nucleus of oyster hemocytes at 2 h post LPS stimulation. Additionally, the interleukins (CgILs) were detected in hemocytes of CgJNK-knockdown oysters. CgIL17-1, CgIL17-2, CgIL17-4 and CgIL17-6 transcripts were decreased significantly in CgJNK-knockdown oysters at 24 h post LPS stimulation. In summary, these results suggested that CgJNK played an important role in the immune response of oysters by regulating IL expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Meijia Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chen Qu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hui X, Chen H, Huang B. [Expression, purification and characterization of N-glycosylation mutant human IFN-λ1 in Pichia pastoris]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2018; 34:613-624. [PMID: 29701035 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.170390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
IFN-λ1 is a member of a new family of interferons called type Ⅲ IFNs with similar functions to type ⅠIFNs. Previously we obtained recombinant soluble human rhIFN-λ1 from Pichia pastoris. However, the hyper-glycosylation from P. pastoris brings immunogenicity and low purification recovery rate. To overcome this disadvantage, in this study, we constructed an rhIFN-λ1 mutant (rhIFN-λ1-Nm) devoid of the potential N-glycosylation sites by site-directed mutagenesis. rhIFN-λ1-Nm was successfully expressed and secreted extracellularly in P. pastoris (GS115) using methanol inducible AOX1 promoter with α-mating factor signal sequence. rhIFN-λ1-Nm was purified and characterized. There was no significant difference between rhIFN-λ1-Nm and rhIFN-λ1 in structure and bioactivity. The molecular weight was low after N-glycosylation mutation whereas the glycosylation was much lower. The mutational rhIFN-λ1 (rhIFN-λ1-Nm) could legitimately be developed as substitutes for rhIFN-λ1, and thus it may be developed into a more promising therapeutic reagent in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwu Hui
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- CSPC Zhongqi Pharmaceutical Technology (Shijiazhuang) Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050035, Hebei, China
| | - Hong Chen
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Bingren Huang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang L, Jiang L, Wu C, Lou B. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) interleukin-12A, 16 and 34 after poly I:C and Vibrio anguillarum challenge. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 74:84-93. [PMID: 29292198 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-12, 16 and 34 are important pro-inflammatory cytokines, some of the most important components of the innate immunity system. Herein, we identified interleukin-12A (lcIL12A), 16 (lcIL16) and 34 (lcIL34) in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), and determined their expression profile in unchallenged and challenged tissues. The coding sequence (CDS) of lcIL12A comprised 600 bp long encoding a protein of 199 amino acids (aa), the CDS of lcIL16 was 2454 bp encoding a protein of 817 aa, and the CDS of lcIL34 was 657 bp encoding a protein of 267 aa. Phylogenetic analysis revealed similar results to homology comparison that lcIL12A was closest to IL12A of Dicentrarchus labrax (73%) and Serola dumerili (73%), while lcIL16 had the closest relation to Lates calcarofer (72.6%), and lcIL34 to Sparus aurata (88.9%). Multiple sequence alignment showed these interleukins were highly conserved with other vertebrate interleukins in their functional domains. Further, quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that lcIL12A, lcIL16 and lcIL34 were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues, with significantly higher expression in spleen, liver and kidney. This was especially true for lcIL34 gene. Importantly, when challenged with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and Vibrio anguillarum (V. anguillarum), the mRNA expressions of these interleukins were up-regulated in liver, spleen and kidney. Their top values got over 4 folds at least relative to their expression at time 0, and even lcIL12 reached 13.37 fold at 12-h point in spleen. These suggested their anti-viral and anti-bacterial roles and their involvement in the innate immune response of Larimichthys crocea. These results would have major implications in improving our understanding of the functions of interleukins to defend against pathogen infections in teleost species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luping Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China.
| | - Changwen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China
| | - Bao Lou
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province 316022, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen W, Zhang X, Fan J, Zai W, Luan J, Li Y, Wang S, Chen Q, Wang Y, Liang Y, Ju D. Tethering Interleukin-22 to Apolipoprotein A-I Ameliorates Mice from Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury. Theranostics 2017; 7:4135-4148. [PMID: 29158815 PMCID: PMC5695002 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that interleukin-22 (IL-22) holds tremendous potential as a protective agent in preventing liver injury, but its pleiotropic effects and pathogenic role in carcinogenesis, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis restrict its systemic application. Here, we first developed a nanoparticle (liposIA) as a liver-targeted agent through IL-22 tethered to apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) in a gene therapy vector. LiposIA was prepared using thin film dispersion method and the complexes exhibited desirable nanoparticle size, fine polydisperse index, highly efficient transfection, and excellent serum and storage stability. Biodistribution and hepatic STAT3 phosphorylation studies revealed that IL-22 tethered to ApoA-I led to highly efficient liver targeting. More importantly, our studies showed that a single-dose of liposIA was able to protect mice against acetaminophen-induced liver injury and did not initiate inflammatory response or systemic toxicity in vivo. During this process, activated STAT3/Erk and Akt/mTOR signaling transductions were observed, as well as inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which prevented mitochondrial dysfunction. These studies demonstrated that IL-22 tethered to apolipoprotein A-I could target and ameliorate acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury, which highlighted that a targeted strategy for IL-22 delivery might have broad utility for the protection of hepatocellular damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy & The Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
La Manna S, Scognamiglio PL, Di Natale C, Leone M, Mercurio FA, Malfitano AM, Cianfarani F, Madonna S, Caravella S, Albanesi C, Novellino E, Marasco D. Characterization of linear mimetic peptides of Interleukin-22 from dissection of protein interfaces. Biochimie 2017; 138:106-115. [PMID: 28479106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) belongs to the family of IL-10 cytokines and is involved in a wide number of human diseases, including inflammatory disorders and cancer pathology. The ligand-receptor complex IL-22/IL-22R plays a key role in several pathways especially in the regulation and resolution of immune responses. The identification of novel compounds able to modulate IL-22/IL-22R complex could open the route to new therapeutic strategies in multiple human diseases. In this study, we designed and characterized IL-22 derived peptides at protein interface regions: several sequences revealed able to interfere with the protein complex with IC50 in the micromolar range as evaluated through Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) experiments. Their conformational characterization was carried out through Circular Dichroism (CD) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, shedding new light into the features of IL-22 fragments and on structural determinants of IL-22/IL-22R1 recognition. Finally, several peptides were tested on human keratinocyte cultures for evaluating their ability to mimic the activation of molecular pathways downstream to IL-22R in response to IL-22 binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara La Manna
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Liana Scognamiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Natale
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilisa Leone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria Malfitano
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Cianfarani
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fondazione "Luigi Maria Monti", Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI), IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Fondazione "Luigi Maria Monti", Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI), IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Caravella
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Fondazione "Luigi Maria Monti", Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI), IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Fondazione "Luigi Maria Monti", Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI), IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II", 80134, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qiu X, Lv M, Jian X, Chen D, Zhou H, Zhang A, Wang X. In vitro characterization of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) IL-26 in regulating inflammatory factors. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 66:148-155. [PMID: 28495510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 26 (IL-26) gene has been identified in human, amphibian and teleost but not in rodents. It is well accepted that IL-26 was a crucial member of IL-10 family which acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in human. However, the role of IL-26 in regulating inflammation in lower vertebrates including teleost has not been defined yet. In the present study, grass carp IL-26 (gcIL-26) coding sequence was isolated and identified. Its chromosomal synteny was also analyzed, showing that gcIL-26 gene is flanked by IL-22 and IFN-γ genes with the same transcriptional orientation as seen in human, amphibian and zebrafish. Given that zebrafish and grass carp IL-26 shared relatively low amino acid identities with human IL-26, the functional roles of fish IL-26 are indispensable to be elucidated. Accordingly, recombinant gcIL-26 (rgcIL-26) was prepared by using Pichia pastoris expression system, and it was found to be partially glycosylated. Using grass carp head kidney leucocytes as cell model, rgcIL-26 displayed the bioactivity to stimulate the mRNA expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6, while inhibit mRNA expression of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Moreover, rgcIL-26 also up-regulated inos expression and NO production in grass carp monocytes/macrophages, strengthening its pro-inflammatory properties in fish. Those results collectively demonstrated the functional role of IL-26 in regulating inflammatory response in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Qiu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Lv
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Jian
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Chen
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Peng Y, Cai X, Zhang G, Wang J, Li Y, Wang Z, Wang B, Xiong X, Wu Z, Jian J. Molecular characterization and expression of interleukin-10 and interleukin-22 in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) in response to Streptococcus agalactiae stimulus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 65:244-255. [PMID: 28442416 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, members of the interleukin (IL)-10 family of cytokines, including IL-10 (TOIL-10) and IL-22 (TOIL-22) of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), were cloned for the first time, and their expression patterns and 3D structures analyzed. The full-length cDNA sequences of TOIL-10 and TOIL-22 contained open reading frames of 564 and 567 bp, respectively. TOIL-10 and TOIL-22 shared higher homology (78%-89%) with the corresponding genes from various fish relative to other species (25%-34%) and contained the IL-10 family signature and four cysteine residues that are well conserved in other vertebrate IL-10 members. Phylogenetic tree analysis of our sequences alongside other IL-10 family proteins revealed that TOIL-10 and TOIL-22 cluster together with other teleost IL-10 and IL-22 molecules. Expression of TOIL-10 and TOIL-22 genes was ubiquitous in all tissues examined. The TOIL-10 gene was also highly expressed in skin, heart, gill, spleen, kidney, brain and liver, and lower levels were detected in intestine and muscle. High expression of the TOIL-22 gene was observed in gill, intestine, kidney, spleen, with the lowest levels in liver. TOIL-10 and TOIL-22 were rapidly activated after SAΔphoB immunization and significantly increased to peak levels at 12 h and 4 d in golden pompano kidney and spleen respectively following challenge. Expression in the brain reached peak levels at 4 d and 3 d respectively after post-immunization. Our results collectively indicate that TOIL-10 and TOIL-22 participate in the host immune response to bacterial infection. Moreover, TOIL-22 plays a potentially important role in mucosal immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangxi Institute of Oceanology, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Xiaohui Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Guoyin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Junlin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangxi Institute of Oceanology, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiangying Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangxi Institute of Oceanology, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Zaohe Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Jichang Jian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Singh P, Dass JFP. A multifaceted computational report on the variants effect on KIR2DL3 and IFNL3 candidate gene in HCV clearance. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:1101-17. [PMID: 27461217 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
HCV infection causes acute and chronic liver diseases including, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Following HCV infection, spontaneous clearance occurs in approximately 20 % of the population dependant upon HCV genotype. In this study, functional and non-functional variant analysis was executed for the classical and the latest HCV clearance candidate genes namely, KIR2DL3 and IFNL3. Initially, the functional effects of non-synonymous SNPs were assigned on exposing to homology based tools, SIFT, PolyPhen-2 and PROVEAN. Further, UTR and splice sites variants were scanned for the gene expression and regulation changes. Subsequently, the haplotype and CNV were also identified. The mutation H77Y of KIR2DL3 and R157Q, H156Y, S63L, R157W, F179V, H128R, T101M, R180C, and F176I of IFNL3 results in conservation, RMSD, total energy, stability, and secondary structures revealed a negative impact on the structural fitness. UTRscan and the splice site result indicate functional change, which may affect gene regulation and expression. The graphical display of selected population shows alleles like rs270779, rs2296370, rs10423751, rs12982559, rs9797797, and rs35987710 of KIR2DL3 and rs12972991, rs12980275, rs4803217, rs8109886, and rs8099917 of IFNL3 are in high LD with a measure of [Formula: see text] broadcasting its protective effect in HCV clearance. Similarly, CNV report suggests major DNA fragment loss that could have a profound impact on the gene expression affecting the overall phenotype. This roundup report specifies the effect of NK cell receptor, KIR2DL3 and IFNL3 variants that can have a better prospect in GWAS and immunogenetic studies leading to better understanding of HCV clearance and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratichi Singh
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - J Febin Prabhu Dass
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mo ZQ, Li YW, Zhou L, Li AX, Luo XC, Dan XM. Grouper (Epinephelus coioides) IL-34/MCSF2 and MCSFR1/MCSFR2 were involved in mononuclear phagocytes activation against Cryptocaryon irritans infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2015; 43:142-149. [PMID: 25543034 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
MCSF and its well-known receptor MCSFR had been well studied in humans, regulating the differentiation, proliferation, and survival of the mononuclear phagocyte system. IL-34, which is an alternative ligand of MCSF receptor, was recently identified as a novel cytokine and functionally overlaps with MCSF. However, the functional study of these receptors and their ligands in fish are largely unknown. In the present study, the cDNA of two potential grouper MCSFR ligands have been cloned, EcIL-34 (657 bp) and EcMCSF2 (804 bp), as well as an additional copy of grouper MCSFR, EcMCSFR2 (3141 bp). Sequence analysis showed that these three molecules had higher identities with other fish counterparts compared to mammals and their conserved structures and important functional residues were also analyzed. Tissue distribution analysis showed that EcIL-34 is dominant in brain, gill and spleen compared to EcMCSF2, which is dominant in head kidney, trunk kidney, skin, heart and muscle. EcMCSFR1 was dominant in the most tissues except head kidney and liver compared to EcMCSFR2. The different tissue distribution patterns of these two grouper MCSF receptors and their two ligands indicate the different mononuclear phagocyte differentiation and activation modes in different tissues. In Cryptocaryon irritans infected grouper, EcIL-34 and EcMCSFR2 were the most strongly up-regulated ligand and receptor in the infected sites, gill and skin. Their up-regulation confirmed the proliferation and activation of phagocytes in C. irritans infected sites, which would improve the antigen presentation and elicit the host local specific immune response. In C. irritans infected grouper head kidney, both ligands EcIL-34 and EcMCSF2 (especially EcMCSF2) were up-regulated, but both receptors EcMCSFR1 and EcMCSFR2 were down-regulated, which indicated that the phagocytes differentiation and proliferation may have occurred in this hemopoietic organ, and after that they migrated to the infected cites. The down-regulation of EcIL-34 and EcMCSF2 and no significant change of EcMCSFR1 and EcMCSFR2 in most time point of grouper spleen showed it was less involved in phagocytes response to C. irritans infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Quan Mo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/ Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ling Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - An-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/ Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chun Luo
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Xue-Ming Dan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a recently described IL-10 family cytokine that is produced by T helper (Th) 17 cells, γδ T cells, NKT cells, and newly described innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Knowledge of IL-22 biology has evolved rapidly since its discovery in 2000, and a role for IL-22 has been identified in numerous tissues, including the intestines, lung, liver, kidney, thymus, pancreas, and skin. IL-22 primarily targets nonhematopoietic epithelial and stromal cells, where it can promote proliferation and play a role in tissue regeneration. In addition, IL-22 regulates host defense at barrier surfaces. However, IL-22 has also been linked to several conditions involving inflammatory tissue pathology. In this review, we assess the current understanding of this cytokine, including its physiologic and pathologic effects on epithelial cell function.
Collapse
|
21
|
Qi Z, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Zhao W, Chen S, Gao Q. Molecular cloning, expression analysis and functional characterization of interleukin-22 in So-iny mullet, Liza haematocheila. Mol Immunol 2015; 63:245-52. [PMID: 25108846 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, interleukin-22 (IL-22) from So-iny mullet (Liza haematocheila) was identified, and its tissue expression in both healthy and Streptococcus dysgalactiae-infected fish was examined. The full length cDNA sequence of mullet IL-22 was 1070bp, containing an open reading frame of 555bp. The deduced amino acid sequence shared high similarity (45.1-67.9%) with IL-22 from other fish species. Mullet IL-22 also contained an IL-10 family signature and four cysteine residues that were well conserved in other vertebrate IL-22 molecules. Mullet IL-22 mRNA was highly expressed in kidney, moderately expressed in liver and gut, and relatively weakly expressed in spleen, and its expression was significantly up-regulated in all the examined tissues following S. dysgalactiae infection. Furthermore, recombinant mullet IL-22 protein was shown to promote the expression of β-defensin in the four tissues and to increase the survival rate of the fish infected with S. dysgalactiae. Our results suggest mullet IL-22 plays an important role in the immune defense against bacterial infection and has the potential to be used to treat bacterial diseases in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pools of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ocean Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qihuan Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zisheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pools of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ocean Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Ecology of Coastal Pools of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ocean Technology, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shannan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aparicio-Siegmund S, Moll JM, Lokau J, Grusdat M, Schröder J, Plöhn S, Rose-John S, Grötzinger J, Lang PA, Scheller J, Garbers C. Recombinant p35 from bacteria can form Interleukin (IL-)12, but Not IL-35. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107990. [PMID: 25259790 PMCID: PMC4178060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Interleukin (IL)-12 family contains several heterodimeric composite cytokines which share subunits among each other. IL-12 consists of the subunits p40 (shared with IL-23) and p35. p35 is shared with the composite cytokine IL-35 which comprises of the p35/EBI3 heterodimer (EBI3 shared with IL-27). IL-35 signals via homo- or heterodimers of IL-12Rβ2, gp130 and WSX-1, which are shared with IL-12 and IL-27 receptor complexes, respectively. p35 was efficiently secreted in complex with p40 as IL-12 but not with EBI3 as IL-35 in several transfected cell lines tested which complicates the analysis of IL-35 signal transduction. p35 and p40 but not p35 and EBI3 form an inter-chain disulfide bridge. Mutation of the responsible cysteine residue (p40C197A) reduced IL-12 formation and activity only slightly. Importantly, the p40C197A mutation prevented the formation of antagonistic p40 homodimers which enabled the in vitro reconstitution of biologically active IL-12 with p35 produced in bacteria (p35bac). Reconstitution of IL-35 with p35bac and EBI3 did, however, fail to induce signal transduction in Ba/F3 cells expressing IL-12Rβ2 and gp130. In summary, we describe the in vitro reconstitution of IL-12, but fail to produce recombinant IL-35 by this novel approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samadhi Aparicio-Siegmund
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens M. Moll
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Juliane Lokau
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Melanie Grusdat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jutta Schröder
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Svenja Plöhn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joachim Grötzinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp A. Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (JS); (CG)
| | - Christoph Garbers
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (JS); (CG)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Siupka P, Hamming OJ, Frétaud M, Luftalla G, Levraud JP, Hartmann R. The crystal structure of zebrafish IL-22 reveals an evolutionary, conserved structure highly similar to that of human IL-22. Genes Immun 2014; 15:293-302. [PMID: 24833303 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The class II cytokine family consists of small α-helical signaling proteins including the interleukin-10 (IL-10)/IL-22 family, as well as interferons (IFNs). They regulate the innate immune response and in addition have an important role in protecting epithelial tissues. Teleost fish possess a class II cytokine system surprisingly similar to that of humans, and thus zebrafish offers an attractive model organism for investigating the role of class II cytokines in inflammation. However, the evolution of class II cytokines is critical to understand if we are to take full advantage of zebrafish as a model system. The small size and fast evolution of these cytokines obscure phylogenetic analyses based purely on sequences, but one can overcome this obstacle by using information contained within the structure of those molecules. Here we present the crystal structure of IL-22 from zebrafish (zIL-22) solved at 2.1 Å, which displays a typical class II cytokine architecture. We generated a structure-guided alignment of vertebrate class II cytokines and used it for phylogenetic analysis. Our analysis suggests that IL-22 and IL-26 arose early during the evolution of the IL-10-like cytokines. Thus, we propose an evolutionary scenario of class II cytokines in vertebrates, based on genomic and structural data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Siupka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - O J Hamming
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Frétaud
- 1] Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France [2] CNRS URA2578, Paris, France
| | - G Luftalla
- UM2, Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Montpellier, France
| | - J-P Levraud
- 1] Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France [2] CNRS URA2578, Paris, France
| | - R Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hamming OJ, Terczyńska-Dyla E, Vieyres G, Dijkman R, Jørgensen SE, Akhtar H, Siupka P, Pietschmann T, Thiel V, Hartmann R. Interferon lambda 4 signals via the IFNλ receptor to regulate antiviral activity against HCV and coronaviruses. EMBO J 2013; 32:3055-65. [PMID: 24169568 PMCID: PMC3844954 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The IFNL4 gene is a recently discovered type III interferon, which in a significant fraction of the human population harbours a frameshift mutation abolishing the IFNλ4 ORF. The expression of IFNλ4 is correlated with both poor spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and poor response to treatment with type I interferon. Here, we show that the IFNL4 gene encodes an active type III interferon, named IFNλ4, which signals through the IFNλR1 and IL-10R2 receptor chains. Recombinant IFNλ4 is antiviral against both HCV and coronaviruses at levels comparable to IFNλ3. However, the secretion of IFNλ4 is impaired compared to that of IFNλ3, and this impairment is not due to a weak signal peptide, which was previously believed. We found that IFNλ4 gets N-linked glycosylated and that this glycosylation is required for secretion. Nevertheless, this glycosylation is not required for activity. Together, these findings result in the paradox that IFNλ4 is strongly antiviral but a disadvantage during HCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole J Hamming
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ewa Terczyńska-Dyla
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gabrielle Vieyres
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE-Centre for Experimental and Clinical, Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ronald Dijkman
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sanne E Jørgensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hashaam Akhtar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Piotr Siupka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE-Centre for Experimental and Clinical, Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Isik G, Chung NPY, van Montfort T, Menis S, Matthews K, Schief WR, Moore JP, Sanders RW. An HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimer with an embedded IL-21 domain activates human B cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67309. [PMID: 23826263 PMCID: PMC3691133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that target the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) can prevent virus acquisition, but several Env properties limit its ability to induce an antibody response that is of sufficient quantity and quality. The immunogenicity of Env can be increased by fusion to co-stimulatory molecules and here we describe novel soluble Env trimers with embedded interleukin-4 (IL-4) or interleukin-21 (IL-21) domains, designed to activate B cells that recognize Env. In particular, the chimeric EnvIL-21 molecule activated B cells efficiently and induced the differentiation of antibody secreting plasmablast-like cells. We studied whether we could increase the activity of the embedded IL-21 by designing a chimeric IL-21/IL-4 (ChimIL-21/4) molecule and by introducing amino acid substitutions in the receptor binding domain of IL-21 that were predicted to enhance its binding. In addition, we incorporated IL-21 into a cleavable Env trimer and found that insertion of IL-21 did not impair Env cleavage, while Env cleavage did not impair IL-21 activity. These studies should guide the further design of chimeric proteins and EnvIL-21 may prove useful in improving antibody responses against HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Isik
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy P. Y. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thijs van Montfort
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sergey Menis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center and Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Katie Matthews
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - William R. Schief
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - John P. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Felix J, Elegheert J, Gutsche I, Shkumatov AV, Wen Y, Bracke N, Pannecoucke E, Vandenberghe I, Devreese B, Svergun DI, Pauwels E, Vergauwen B, Savvides SN. Human IL-34 and CSF-1 establish structurally similar extracellular assemblies with their common hematopoietic receptor. Structure 2013; 21:528-39. [PMID: 23478061 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that hematopoietic human colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) can be activated by two distinct cognate cytokines, colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34), created puzzling scenarios for the two possible signaling complexes. We here employ a hybrid structural approach based on small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and negative-stain EM to reveal that bivalent binding of human IL-34 to CSF-1R leads to an extracellular assembly hallmarked by striking similarities to the CSF-1:CSF-1R complex, including homotypic receptor-receptor interactions. Thus, IL-34 and CSF-1 have evolved to exploit the geometric requirements of CSF-1R activation. Our models include N-linked oligomannose glycans derived from a systematic approach resulting in the accurate fitting of glycosylated models to the SAXS data. We further show that the C-terminal region of IL-34 is heavily glycosylated and that it can be proteolytically cleaved from the IL-34:hCSF-1R complex, providing insights into its role in the functional nonredundancy of IL-34 and CSF-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Felix
- Unit for Structural Biology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Costa MM, Pereiro P, Wang T, Secombes CJ, Figueras A, Novoa B. Characterization and gene expression analysis of the two main Th17 cytokines (IL-17A/F and IL-22) in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. Dev Comp Immunol 2012; 38:505-16. [PMID: 23000268 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the cloning, characterization and gene expression pattern of two Th17 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-17A/F and -22, in turbot Scophthalmus maximus. The turbot IL-17A/F cDNA contains a 516 bp open reading frame encoding a deduced IL-17A/F protein of 171 amino acid (aa) residues, containing a predicted signal peptide of 31 aa. Turbot IL-22 had a 564 bp ORF coding for a 187 aa protein with a 33 aa signal peptide. The turbot IL-22 protein contained a typical IL-10 family signature. Both cytokines had highest expression levels in the intestine followed by head kidney and gills. Stimulation with the Gram negative bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida was able to modulate IL-17A/F and IL-22 expression in head kidney, spleen and liver but not the intestine. PMA and PHA were also able to induce the expression of both cytokines, suggesting that, as expected, T-cells are likely the main producers of these molecules in turbot as in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Costa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim S, Faris L, Cox CM, Sumners LH, Jenkins MC, Fetterer RH, Miska KB, Dalloul RA. Molecular characterization and immunological roles of avian IL-22 and its soluble receptor IL-22 binding protein. Cytokine 2012; 60:815-27. [PMID: 22980486 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As a member of the interleukin (IL)-10 family, IL-22 is an important mediator in modulating tissue responses during inflammation. Through activation of STAT3-signaling cascades, IL-22 induces proliferative and anti-apoptotic pathways, as well as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), that help prevent tissue damage and aid in its repair. This study reports the cloning and expression of recombinant chicken IL-22 (rChIL-22) and its soluble receptor, rChIL22BP, and characterization of biological effects of rChIL-22 during inflammatory responses. Similar to observations with mammalian IL-22, purified rChIL-22 had no effect on either peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or lymphocytes. This was due to the low expression of the receptor ChIL22RA1 chain compared to ChIL10RB chain. rChIL-22 alone did not affect chicken embryo kidney cells (CEKCs); however, co-stimulation of CEKCs with LPS and rChIL-22 enhanced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and AMPs. Furthermore, rChIL-22 alone stimulated and induced acute phase reactants in chicken embryo liver cells (CELCs). These effects of rChIL-22 were abolished by pre-incubation of rChIL-22 with rChIL22BP. Together, this study indicates an important role of ChIL-22 on epithelial cells and hepatocytes during inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Kim
- Avian Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gibson MS, Salmon N, Bird S, Kaiser P, Fife M. Identification, cloning and characterisation of interleukin-1F5 (IL-36RN) in the chicken. Dev Comp Immunol 2012; 38:136-147. [PMID: 22633863 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The human IL-1 family contains eleven genes encoded at three separate loci. Nine, including IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36RN), also known as IL-1F5, are present at a single locus on chromosome 2, whereas IL-18 and IL-33 lie on chromosomes 11 and 9 respectively. There are currently only three known orthologues in the chicken - IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-1RN - which are encoded on chromosomes 22, 24 and unplaced, respectively. A novel chicken IL-1 family sequence representing IL-36RN (IL-1F5) was initially identified from an expressed sequence tag (EST) library by its similarity to both chicken IL-1RN and chicken IL-1β. Following isolation of the cDNA from the liver of an uninfected bird, a number of unique sequence features were identified. The predicted protein has a longer NH(2)-terminus than the human protein; however, as in mammals, this region contains neither a prodomain nor a signal peptide. A putative nuclear export sequence is also apparent, yet a similar motif is absent in mammalian IL-36RN. Although chIL-36RN exhibits low homology with its mammalian orthologues, it encodes a predicted β-trefoil structure whose β-strands are conserved with those of the mouse sequence. Unlike in mammals, chIL-36RN expression was constitutive in all tissues and cell subsets examined. In response to viral infection, expression was significantly downregulated in a line of birds which are susceptible to the virus. Chicken IL-36RN, like chIL-1RN, is not encoded at the chIL-1β locus, further emphasising the genomic fragmentation of the large IL-1 gene cluster found in mammals. This suggests differential evolution of this cytokine family since the divergence of birds and mammals from a common ancestor, and underlines the difficulty of determining the full repertoire of chIL-1 family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Gibson
- Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Niv-Spector L, Shpilman M, Levi-Bober M, Katz M, Varol C, Elinav E, Gertler A. Preparation and characterization of mouse IL-22 and its four single-amino-acid muteins that act as IL-22 receptor-1 antagonists. Protein Eng Des Sel 2012; 25:397-404. [PMID: 22691704 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzs030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant mouse interleukin 22 (mIL-22) and its variants encoding four muteins (Y51A, N54A, R55A and E117A) were expressed in Escherichia coli, refolded and purified to homogeneity as monomeric proteins by one-step ion-exchange chromatography. The binding of IL-22 and its four muteins to immobilized mIL-22 receptor α1 extracellular domain (mIL-22 Rα1-ECD) exhibited similar affinity, indicating that the single-amino-acid mutations do not affect its binding properties. Similarly, no differences were found in binding to IL-22 binding protein expressed on the surface of yeast cells, although the affinity of all five proteins to the binding protein was higher than that to IL-22 Rα1-ECD. In an in vitro bioassay, recombinant mIL-22 stimulated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 phosphorylation in HepG2 cells, whereas the four muteins were completely (Y51A) or almost completely (N54A, R55A and E117A) devoid of this agonistic activity. Furthermore, the agonistic activity of mIL-22 could be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the four muteins with almost identical efficiency. mIL-22 and its Y51A mutein were pegylated by methoxy polyethylene glycol-propionylaldehyde-20 kDa, yielding a mixture of mono (75-80%) and double (20-25%) pegylated proteins. The pegylated proteins showed lower affinity (50 and 25%) toward immobilized mIL-22 Rα1-ECD than their non-pegylated analogs. Wild-type pegylated IL-22 exhibited 5- to 10-fold lower activity in the HepG2 bioassay than its non-pegylated counterpart. Preparation of recombinant mIL-22 antagonists provides new tools for the study of IL-22 activity and of eventual therapeutic means for attenuating its negative effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonora Niv-Spector
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Byrnes-Blake KA, Pederson S, Klucher KM, Anderson-Haley M, Miller DM, Lopez-Talavera JC, Freeman JA. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pegylated interferon lambda-1 in cynomolgus monkeys. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2012; 32:198-206. [PMID: 22280056 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2011.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III lambda interferons (IFNs) have activity similar to type I IFNs, but a more restricted receptor distribution. A pegylated human IFN lambda-1 (pegIFNλ) is under development for chronic hepatitis C. Induction of receptor signaling (STAT1 phosphorylation) and expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) by pegIFNλ were assessed in, respectively, cynomolgus monkey leukocyte subsets and hepatocytes stimulated in vitro. ISG induction by pegIFNλ or IFNα was also assessed in peripheral leukocytes and liver biopsies after single and repeat (x3) dosing of pegIFNλ (0.03, 0.3, 3.0 mg/kg) or unpegylated IFNα-2b (10(7) IU/kg). Single-dose pharmacokinetics of pegIFNλ were evaluated. Strong ISG induction occurred in cultured hepatocytes and liver biopsies with both pegIFNλ and IFNα. However, STAT1 phosphorylation, MHC class 1 upregulation, and ISG induction in leukocytes only occurred with IFNα. Serum neopterin was unaffected by pegIFNλ; however, β-2-microglobulin was elevated at all doses. The terminal half-life of pegIFNλ was 23 h with a 59 mL/kg volume of distribution, consistent with other pegylated IFNs. Serum exposure was dose-proportional across the dosing range. These data demonstrate the suitability of cynomolgus monkeys for the preclinical evaluation of pegIFNλ. Additionally, the absence of pegIFNλ pharmacologic activity in leukocytes is consistent with its low receptor expression in blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Byrnes-Blake
- Department of Preclinical Development, ZymoGenetics, Inc., Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ma X, Lin WY, Chen Y, Stawicki S, Mukhyala K, Wu Y, Martin F, Bazan JF, Starovasnik MA. Structural basis for the dual recognition of helical cytokines IL-34 and CSF-1 by CSF-1R. Structure 2012; 20:676-87. [PMID: 22483114 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lacking any discernible sequence similarity, interleukin-34 (IL-34) and colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) signal through a common receptor CSF-1R on cells of mononuclear phagocyte lineage. Here, the crystal structure of dimeric IL-34 reveals a helical cytokine fold homologous to CSF-1, and we further show that the complex architecture of IL-34 bound to the N-terminal immunoglobulin domains of CSF-1R is similar to the CSF-1/CSF-1R assembly. However, unique conformational adaptations in the receptor domain geometry and intermolecular interface explain the cross-reactivity of CSF-1R for two such distantly related ligands. The docking adaptations of the IL-34 and CSF-1 quaternary complexes, when compared to the stem cell factor assembly, draw a common evolutionary theme for transmembrane signaling. In addition, the structure of IL-34 engaged by a Fab fragment reveals the mechanism of a neutralizing antibody that can help deconvolute IL-34 from CSF-1 biology, with implications for therapeutic intervention in diseases with myeloid pathogenic mechanisms.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Baculoviridae
- Binding Sites
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry
- Interleukins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukins/chemistry
- Interleukins/genetics
- Kinetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/chemistry
- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/chemistry
- Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/chemistry
- Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Stem Cell Factor/chemistry
- Structural Homology, Protein
- Thermodynamics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ma
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li X, Mai J, Virtue A, Yin Y, Gong R, Sha X, Gutchigian S, Frisch A, Hodge I, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang XF. IL-35 is a novel responsive anti-inflammatory cytokine--a new system of categorizing anti-inflammatory cytokines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33628. [PMID: 22438968 PMCID: PMC3306427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains unknown whether newly identified anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-35 (IL-35) is different from other anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in terms of inhibition of inflammation initiation and suppression of full-blown inflammation. Using experimental database mining and statistical analysis methods we developed, we examined the tissue expression profiles and regulatory mechanisms of IL-35 in comparison to other anti-inflammatory cytokines. Our results suggest that in contrast to TGF-β, IL-35 is not constitutively expressed in human tissues but it is inducible in response to inflammatory stimuli. We also provide structural evidence that AU-rich element (ARE) binding proteins and microRNAs target IL-35 subunit transcripts, by which IL-35 may achieve non-constitutive expression status. Furthermore, we propose a new system to categorize anti-inflammatory cytokines into two groups: (1) the house-keeping cytokines, such as TGF-β, inhibit the initiation of inflammation whereas (2) the responsive cytokines including IL-35 suppress inflammation in full-blown stage. Our in-depth analyses of molecular events that regulate the production of IL-35 as well as the new categorization system of anti-inflammatory cytokines are important for the design of new strategies of immune therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stanfield RL, Julien JP, Pejchal R, Gach JS, Zwick MB, Wilson IA. Structure-based design of a protein immunogen that displays an HIV-1 gp41 neutralizing epitope. J Mol Biol 2011; 414:460-76. [PMID: 22033480 PMCID: PMC3245871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibody Z13e1 is a relatively broadly neutralizing anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody that recognizes the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp41. Based on the crystal structure of an MPER epitope peptide in complex with Z13e1 Fab, we identified an unrelated protein, interleukin (IL)-22, with a surface-exposed region that is structurally homologous in its backbone to the gp41 Z13e1 epitope. By grafting the gp41 Z13e1 epitope sequence onto the structurally homologous region in IL-22, we engineered a novel protein (Z13-IL22-2) that contains the MPER epitope sequence for use as a potential immunogen and as a reagent for the detection of Z13e1-like antibodies. The Z13-IL22-2 protein binds Fab Z13e1 with a K(d) of 73 nM. The crystal structure of Z13-IL22-2 in complex with Fab Z13e1 shows that the epitope region is faithfully replicated in the Fab-bound scaffold protein; however, isothermal calorimetry studies indicate that Fab binding to Z13-IL22-2 is not a lock-and-key event, leaving open the question of whether conformational changes upon binding occur in the Fab, in Z13-IL-22, or in both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Stanfield
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Donnelly RP, Dickensheets H, O'Brien TR. Interferon-lambda and therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Trends Immunol 2011; 32:443-50. [PMID: 21820962 PMCID: PMC3163738 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-α, a type-I IFN, is widely used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus infection, but the broad expression of IFN-α receptors often leads to adverse reactions in many organs. Here, we examine IFN-λ, a type-III IFN, as a therapeutic alternative to IFN-α. Like IFN-α, IFN-λ also induces antiviral activity in hepatocytes, but might induce fewer adverse reactions because its receptor is largely restricted to cells of epithelial origin. We also discuss the recent discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the human IFN-λ3 gene, IL28B, that correlate strongly with the ability to achieve a sustained virological response to therapy with pegylated IFN-α plus ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/immunology
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Hepacivirus/drug effects
- Hepacivirus/immunology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/therapy
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Interferon alpha-2
- Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- Interferons
- Interleukins/chemistry
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/immunology
- Interleukins/pharmacology
- Mice
- Polyethylene Glycols/administration & dosage
- Polyethylene Glycols/therapeutic use
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Ribavirin/administration & dosage
- Ribavirin/therapeutic use
- Transcription Factors/immunology
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Viral Load/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond P Donnelly
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Drug Evaluation & Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Monte MM, Zou J, Wang T, Carrington A, Secombes CJ. Cloning, expression analysis and bioactivity studies of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) interleukin-22. Cytokine 2011; 55:62-73. [PMID: 21514178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the cloning and characterisation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) interleukin (IL)-22, and presents studies of the functional activity of its recombinant protein for the first time in a non-mammalian species. The predicted IL-22 coding region consists of 522 nucleotides which translates into a 173 amino acid protein, that contains an IL-10 family signature which is reasonably well conserved with other vertebrate IL-22 molecules. Expression analysis in tissues from healthy fish revealed a higher constitutive expression of IL-22 in mucosal tissues, suggesting a potentially important role in mucosal immunity. In vitro studies demonstrated that IL-22 expression was induced significantly by PHA and PMA in splenocyte primary cultures 4h post-stimulation. Expression was also induced in the spleen upon infection of fish with the Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia ruckeri, suggesting a potential role of IL-22 in vivo in defence against bacterial diseases. The Escherichia coli produced recombinant IL-22 enhanced the expression of a number of antimicrobial peptides, promoting host innate immunity against microbes and revealing a biological similarity with its mammalian counterpart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena M Monte
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Miknis ZJ, Magracheva E, Li W, Zdanov A, Kotenko SV, Wlodawer A. Crystal structure of human interferon-λ1 in complex with its high-affinity receptor interferon-λR1. J Mol Biol 2010; 404:650-64. [PMID: 20934432 PMCID: PMC2991516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-λ1 [also known as interleukin (IL)-29] belongs to the recently discovered group of type III IFNs. All type III IFNs initiate signaling processes through formation of specific heterodimeric receptor complexes consisting of IFN-λR1 and IL-10R2. We have determined the structure of human IFN-λ1 complexed with human IFN-λR1, a receptor unique to type III IFNs. The overall structure of IFN-λ1 is topologically similar to the structure of IL-10 and other members of the IL-10 family of cytokines. IFN-λR1 consists of two distinct domains having fibronectin type III topology. The ligand-receptor interface includes helix A, loop AB, and helix F on the IFN site, as well as loops primarily from the N-terminal domain and inter-domain hinge region of IFN-λR1. Composition and architecture of the interface that includes only a few direct hydrogen bonds support an idea that long-range ionic interactions between ligand and receptor govern the process of initial recognition of the molecules while hydrophobic interactions finalize it.
Collapse
Key Words
- cytokine
- crystallography
- antiviral
- immunity
- signaling
- ifn, interferon
- il, interleukin
- hcv, hepatitis c virus
- cmv, cytomegalovirus
- ebv, epstein–barr virus
- peg, polyethylene glycol
- pdb, protein data bank
- nag, n-acetylglucosamine
- sc, shape complementarity
- snp, single nucleotide polymorphism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Miknis
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Eugenia Magracheva
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Cancer Center, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Alexander Zdanov
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sergei V. Kotenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Cancer Center, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Diegelmann J, Beigel F, Zitzmann K, Kaul A, Göke B, Auernhammer CJ, Bartenschlager R, Diepolder HM, Brand S. Comparative analysis of the lambda-interferons IL-28A and IL-29 regarding their transcriptome and their antiviral properties against hepatitis C virus. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15200. [PMID: 21170333 PMCID: PMC2999541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific differences in signaling and antiviral properties between the different Lambda-interferons, a novel group of interferons composed of IL-28A, IL-28B and IL-29, are currently unknown. This is the first study comparatively investigating the transcriptome and the antiviral properties of the Lambda-interferons IL-28A and IL-29. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Expression studies were performed by microarray analysis, quantitative PCR (qPCR), reporter gene assays and immunoluminometric assays. Signaling was analyzed by Western blot. HCV replication was measured in Huh-7 cells expressing subgenomic HCV replicon. All hepatic cell lines investigated as well as primary hepatocytes expressed both IFN-λ receptor subunits IL-10R2 and IFN-λR1. Both, IL-28A and IL-29 activated STAT1 signaling. As revealed by microarray analysis, similar genes were induced by both cytokines in Huh-7 cells (IL-28A: 117 genes; IL-29: 111 genes), many of them playing a role in antiviral immunity. However, only IL-28A was able to significantly down-regulate gene expression (n = 272 down-regulated genes). Both cytokines significantly decreased HCV replication in Huh-7 cells. In comparison to liver biopsies of patients with non-viral liver disease, liver biopsies of patients with HCV showed significantly increased mRNA expression of IL-28A and IL-29. Moreover, IL-28A serum protein levels were elevated in HCV patients. In a murine model of viral hepatitis, IL-28 expression was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE IL-28A and IL-29 are up-regulated in HCV patients and are similarly effective in inducing antiviral genes and inhibiting HCV replication. In contrast to IL-29, IL-28A is a potent gene repressor. Both IFN-λs may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of chronic HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Diegelmann
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Beigel
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Zitzmann
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Artur Kaul
- Department of Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Göke
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph J. Auernhammer
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helmut M. Diepolder
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Trivella DBB, Ferreira-Júnior JR, Dumoutier L, Renauld JC, Polikarpov I. Structure and function of interleukin-22 and other members of the interleukin-10 family. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:2909-35. [PMID: 20454917 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The IL-10 family of cytokines is comprised of IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, and IFN-lambdas (IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29). The IL-10 family members bind to shared class II cytokine receptor chains that associate in various combinations in heterodimeric complexes. Upon interleukin/receptor complex formation, these proteins switch on the Jak/STAT pathway and elicit pleiotropic biological responses whose variety sharply contrasts with their structural similarities. IL-10 family members are involved in several human diseases and health conditions and hence their structural analyses may provide valuable information to design specific therapeutic strategies. In this review, we describe the human interleukin-10 family of cytokines, focusing on their structures and functions, with particular attention given to IL-22 and IL-10. We report on the recently published structures of IL-10 cytokine family members and their complexes with cognate transmembrane and soluble receptors as well as on interleukin physiology and physiopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Barretto Barbosa Trivella
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13566-590, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Type III interferon (IFN) or IFN-lambda is a novel family of class II cytokines that induces antiviral activities both in vitro and in vivo through its own distinctive receptor complex. The recent crystal structure of human IFN-lambda3 revealed a cytokine with structural similarity to the interleukin-10 family, despite functionally being an IFN. Here, we review the structure of IFN-lambda and its relation to the other members of the class II cytokines. Further, we analyze the structural differences between the tree human isoforms of IFN-lambda and relate this to the observed differences in potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Henrik Gad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centre for Structural Biology, Aarhus University, Arhus, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Current treatment of chronic hepatitis C consists of pegylated interferon-alpha (PEG-IFN-alpha) in combination with ribavirin. This regimen is associated with adverse effects that can limit its use. PEG-IFN-lambda 1 (pegIFNlambda) is a novel IFN that shares many of the biological effects of IFN-alpha but may have fewer side effects due to its more selective receptor distribution. Preclinical data show that pegIFNlambda has antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) but does not inhibit myeloid colony formation. A phase 1 study in healthy volunteers demonstrated that pegIFNlambda is well tolerated. Elevated liver enzymes resulted in a dose-limiting toxicity after a single dose of 7.5 microg/kg, the highest dose tested. A phase 1b study in genotype 1 HCV patients who either relapsed after IFN-alpha therapy or naive to therapy was initiated. Interim data from the treatment relapse subset showed viral load reductions of 2.3 to 4.0 logs when pegIFNlambda was administered weekly as a single agent with or without ribavirin for up to 4 weeks. Drug-related side effects included elevation of liver enzymes. Decreases in hemoglobin were observed only in patients receiving ribavirin. Constitutional symptoms appeared lower than historical data for PEG-IFN-alpha. These results form the basis of further development of pegIFNlambda as a novel treatment for chronic hepatitis C.
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang T, Díaz-Rosales P, Martin SAM, Secombes CJ. Cloning of a novel interleukin (IL)-20-like gene in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gives an insight into the evolution of the IL-10 family. Dev Comp Immunol 2010; 34:158-167. [PMID: 19755128 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel IL-20-like (IL-20L) gene has been analyzed in rainbow trout. It has a six exon/five intron gene organisation and is translated into 181 amino acids (aa) with a signal peptide of 25aa and a mature peptide of 156aa. The trout IL-20L translation shares highest identities to other IL-20L molecules from fish and to IL-20 in mammals. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the fish IL-20L molecules form an independent clade but cluster with the group containing the IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24 molecules from higher vertebrates with a high bootstrap value (89%). The fish IL-20L genes are syntenically in the same location as mammalian IL-19/IL-20/IL-24. Gene organisation and multiple alignment also showed a close relationship of fish IL-20L genes to the mammalian IL-19/IL-20/IL-24 subfamily. These data suggest that the fish IL-20L molecules may have arisen from an ancestral gene that gave rise to IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24 in higher vertebrates. A high level of IL-20L expression in immune related tissues and in the brain, suggests an important role of the fish IL-20L molecule in both the fish immune system and nervous system. Although the exact cell types expressing IL-20L have yet to be defined, macrophages express IL-20L. Moreover, the IL-20L expression in the macrophage cell line RTS-11 was modulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, signalling pathway activators, microbial mimics and the immuno-suppressor dexamethasone. These data suggest that trout IL-20L is an important player in the cytokine network. The increased expression of IL-20L was only detected at late stages (4-24h) of LPS stimulation in RTS-11 cells and in spleen 24-72h after infection with Yersinia ruckeri, and suggests that the increased expression of IL-20L by LPS and infection may be via the rapid increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1beta) and other factors that is known to occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Magracheva E, Pletnev S, Kotenko S, Li W, Wlodawer A, Zdanov A. Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of the complex of interferon-lambda1 with its receptor. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2010; 66:61-3. [PMID: 20057073 PMCID: PMC2805539 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309109048817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Human interferon-lambda1 (IFN-lambda1(Ins)) and the extracellular domain of interferon-lambda1 receptor (IFN-lambda1R1) were expressed in Drosophila S2 cells and purified to homogeneity. Both IFN-lambda1(Ins) and interferon-lambda1 produced from Escherichia coli (IFN-lambda1(Bac)) were coupled with IFN-lambda1R1 at room temperature and the complexes were purified by gel filtration. Both complexes were crystallized; the crystals were flash-frozen at 100 K and diffraction data were collected to 2.16 and 2.1 A, respectively. Although the IFN-lambda1(Bac)-IFN-lambda1R1 and IFN-lambda1(Ins)-IFN-lambda1R1 complexes differed only in the nature of the expression system used for the ligand, their crystallization conditions and crystal forms were quite different. A search for heavy-atom derivatives as well as molecular-replacement trials are in progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergei Pletnev
- SAIC-Frederick Inc., Basic Research Program, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sergei Kotenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ–New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ–New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alexander Zdanov
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
We report near complete NMR backbone and side chain assignments of the human cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33) in solution. IL-33 is the latest addition to the family of interleukin-1 homologous cytokines and was shown to be involved in inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lingel
- Department of Protein Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lingel A, Weiss TM, Niebuhr M, Pan B, Appleton BA, Wiesmann C, Bazan JF, Fairbrother WJ. Structure of IL-33 and its interaction with the ST2 and IL-1RAcP receptors--insight into heterotrimeric IL-1 signaling complexes. Structure 2009; 17:1398-410. [PMID: 19836339 PMCID: PMC2766095 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Members of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines play major roles in host defense and immune system regulation in infectious and inflammatory diseases. IL-1 cytokines trigger a biological response in effector cells by assembling a heterotrimeric signaling complex with two IL-1 receptor chains, a high-affinity primary receptor and a low-affinity coreceptor. To gain insights into the signaling mechanism of the novel IL-1-like cytokine IL-33, we first solved its solution structure and then performed a detailed biochemical and structural characterization of the interaction between IL-33, its primary receptor ST2, and the coreceptor IL-1RAcP. Using nuclear magnetic resonance data, we obtained a model of the IL-33/ST2 complex in solution that is validated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data and is similar to the IL-1beta/IL-1R1 complex. We extended our SAXS analysis to the IL-33/ST2/IL-1RAcP and IL-1beta/IL-1R1/IL-1RAcP complexes and propose a general model of the molecular architecture of IL-1 ternary signaling complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lingel
- Department of Protein Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Peng
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gad HH, Dellgren C, Hamming OJ, Vends S, Paludan SR, Hartmann R. Interferon-lambda is functionally an interferon but structurally related to the interleukin-10 family. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:20869-75. [PMID: 19457860 PMCID: PMC2742852 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.002923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-lambda (IFN-lambda) is an antiviral cytokine that signals through a distinct receptor complex, composed of the IFN-lambdaR1 and interleukin-10R2 (IL-10R2) receptor chains. We have determined the crystal structure of human IFN-lambda3 and characterized the interaction with its receptor complex through structure-based site-directed mutagenesis. The ability of IFN-lambda3 mutants to signal was determined by measuring the antiviral activity and induced STAT2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, our data show that, although IFN-lambda is functionally an interferon, it is clearly structurally related to members of the IL-10 family. In particular, we found an interesting similarity between IFN-lambda and IL-22, and we suggest that IFN-lambda and IL-22 possess parallel functions, protecting epithelial tissue against viral and bacterial infections, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Henrik Gad
- From the Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, and
| | | | - Ole J. Hamming
- From the Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, and
| | - Susanne Vends
- From the Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, and
| | - Søren R. Paludan
- the Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Aarhus University, Gustav, Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Århus C, Denmark
| | - Rune Hartmann
- From the Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, and
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Corripio-Miyar Y, Zou J, Richmond H, Secombes CJ. Identification of interleukin-22 in gadoids and examination of its expression level in vaccinated fish. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2098-106. [PMID: 19403174 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the cloning and sequencing of interleukin (IL)-22 in two gadoid fish, cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). The complete transcript of this gene was 1002 and 1154 bp respectively, of which 492 bp was the open reading frame (ORF) in both genes. High amino acid identity (88.3%) was found between these genes but was less than 50% aa identity to other known genes. The gene organisation of haddock IL-22 consisted of five exons and four introns, as with other IL-10 family members. Expression studies showed that IL-22 is constitutively expressed in gill, with low level expression also observed in gut, gonad and head kidney. In a vaccination experiment, haddock were injected intraperitoneally with formalin-killed Vibrio anguillarum or with PBS, and 2 months later challenged by immersion in 10(7)cfu/ml V. anguillarum for 30 min. Head kidney and gill samples were collected prior to challenge and 24, 48 and 72 h post-challenge (hpc) for Real-time PCR analysis of IL-22 expression. No significant changes in IL-22 expression were observed in head kidney tissue but vaccinated fish showed a significantly increased expression of IL-22 24 hpc in gill and no mortalities were seen in these fish. In contrast, control fish, which started to succumb to the disease from 72 hpc, showed no significant increase in gill expression after challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Corripio-Miyar
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
de Moura PR, Watanabe L, Bleicher L, Colau D, Dumoutier L, Lemaire MM, Renauld JC, Polikarpov I. Crystal structure of a soluble decoy receptor IL-22BP bound to interleukin-22. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:1072-7. [PMID: 19285080 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) plays an important role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses in mammals. The IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP), a soluble receptor that specifically binds IL-22, prevents the IL-22/interleukin-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1)/interleukin-10 receptor 2 (IL-10R2) complex assembly and blocks IL-22 biological activity. Here we present the crystal structure of the IL-22/IL-22BP complex at 2.75 A resolution. The structure reveals IL-22BP residues critical for IL-22 binding, which were confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and functional studies. Comparison of IL-22/IL-22BP and IL-22/IL-22R1 crystal structures shows that both receptors display an overlapping IL-22 binding surface, which is consistent with the inhibitory role played by IL-22 binding protein.
Collapse
|
50
|
Watanabe L, de Moura PR, Nascimento AS, Colau D, Dumoutier L, Renauld JC, Polikarpov I. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of human IL-22 bound to its soluble decoy receptor IL-22BP. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2009; 65:102-4. [PMID: 19193995 PMCID: PMC2635854 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309108042309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is involved in inflammatory responses. Human IL-22 was incubated with its soluble decoy receptor IL-22BP (IL-22 binding protein) and the IL-22-IL-22BP complex was crystallized in hanging drops using the vapour-diffusion method. Suitable crystals were obtained from polyethylene glycol solutions and diffraction data were collected to 2.75 A resolution. The crystal belonged to the tetragonal space group P4(1), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 67.9, c = 172.5 A, and contained two IL-22-IL-22BP complexes per asymmetric unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Watanabe
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, 13560-970 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ribeiro de Moura
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, 13560-970 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Silva Nascimento
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, 13560-970 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Didier Colau
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Belgium
| | - Laure Dumoutier
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Belgium
- Experimental Medicine Unit, Christian de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Belgium
- Experimental Medicine Unit, Christian de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, 13560-970 São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|