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Lee WG, Kim ES. Precision Oncology in Pediatric Cancer Surgery. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2024; 33:409-446. [PMID: 38401917 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric precision oncology has provided a greater understanding of the wide range of molecular alterations in difficult-to-treat or rare tumors with the aims of increasing survival as well as decreasing toxicity and morbidity from current cytotoxic therapies. In this article, the authors discuss the current state of pediatric precision oncology which has increased access to novel targeted therapies while also providing a framework for clinical implementation in this unique population. The authors evaluate the targetable mutations currently under investigation-with a focus on pediatric solid tumors-and discuss the key surgical implications associated with novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Lee
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 116 North Robertson Boulevard, Suite PACT 700, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. https://twitter.com/william_ghh_lee
| | - Eugene S Kim
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 116 North Robertson Boulevard, Suite PACT 700, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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2
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Shibu MA, Chen YJ, Yang HS, He YH, Lo YH, Lin WT. Principle active metabolites of Pinus morrisonicola Hayata synergistically inhibit cell proliferation and autophagy to elevate apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:3018-3025. [PMID: 37615216 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common primary tumor of liver is a leading cause of cancer-associated deaths. Improving cellular apoptosis and enhancing autophagic clearance is been considered to improve treatment outcomes of HCC. Polyphenols from Pinus morrisonicola (Hayata) have shown various physiological and therapeutic benefits and the flavonoid chrysin is been known for their anticancer effects. However, the main bioactive principle and the mechanism underlying the antitumor activity of pine needle extract are not clear yet. In this study, the effects of ethanol extract from pine needle on HCC cells were determined. The results show that when compared with administration of chrysin alone, a fraction containing pinocembrin, chrysin, and tiliroside significantly reduced autophagy and increased apoptosis. The results also correlated with decrease in cell cycle regulators and the autophagic proteins like LC3-II. Collectively, the results imply the fraction containing pinocembrin, chrysin, and tiliroside as an ideal complementary medicine for an effective antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Siang Yang
- Department of Food Science College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua He
- Department of Hospitality Management College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- R&D Division, Utopia Holiday Hotel Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsin Lo
- Department of Hospitality Management College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- R&D Division, Utopia Holiday Hotel Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Teng Lin
- Department of Hospitality Management College of Agriculture and Health, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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3
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Goyal A, Agrawal A, Verma A, Dubey N. The PI3K-AKT pathway: A plausible therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2023; 129:104846. [PMID: 36436571 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common progressive and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Numerous pathological processes including, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurotransmitter imbalance, and apoptosis as well as genetic factors may lead to neuronal degeneration. With the emergence of aging population, the health problem and economic burden caused by PD also increase. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) signaling pathway regulates signal transduction and biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. According to reports, it regulates neurotoxicity and mediates the survival of neurons. Accumulating evidences indicate that some natural products can play a neuroprotective role by activating PI3K-AKT pathway, providing an effective resource for the discovery of potential therapeutic drugs. The current review provides an overview of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and review the relationship between this signaling pathway and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Anant Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aanchal Verma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nandini Dubey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Zhou X, Wang X, Li N, Guo Y, Yang X, Lei Y. Therapy resistance in neuroblastoma: Mechanisms and reversal strategies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1114295. [PMID: 36874032 PMCID: PMC9978534 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1114295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common pediatric solid tumors that threaten the health of children, accounting for about 15% of childhood cancer-related mortality in the United States. Currently, multiple therapies have been developed and applied in clinic to treat neuroblastoma including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. However, the resistance to therapies is inevitable following long-term treatment, leading to treatment failure and cancer relapse. Hence, to understand the mechanisms of therapy resistance and discover reversal strategies have become an urgent task. Recent studies have demonstrated numerous genetic alterations and dysfunctional pathways related to neuroblastoma resistance. These molecular signatures may be potential targets to combat refractory neuroblastoma. A number of novel interventions for neuroblastoma patients have been developed based on these targets. In this review, we focus on the complicated mechanisms of therapy resistance and the potential targets such as ATP-binding cassette transporters, long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, autophagy, cancer stem cells, and extracellular vesicles. On this basis, we summarized recent studies on the reversal strategies to overcome therapy resistance of neuroblastoma such as targeting ATP-binding cassette transporters, MYCN gene, cancer stem cells, hypoxia, and autophagy. This review aims to provide novel insight in how to improve the therapy efficacy against resistant neuroblastoma, which may shed light on the future directions that would enhance the treatment outcomes and prolong the survival of patients with neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhe Lei
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Toson B, Fortes IS, Roesler R, Andrade SF. Targeting Akt/PKB in pediatric tumors: A review from preclinical to clinical trials. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106403. [PMID: 35987481 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase Akt is a major player in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and its modulation impacts multiple cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, and survival. Several abnormalities in this pathway have been documented over the years, and these alterations were shown to have great implications in tumorigenesis and resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, multiple Akt inhibitors have been developed and tested in adult tumors, and some of them are currently undergoing phase I, II, and III clinical trials for distinct cancers that arise during adulthood. Despite that, the impact of these inhibitors is still not fully understood in pediatric tumors, and Akt-specific targeting seems to be a promising approach to treat children affected by cancers. This review summarizes recent available evidence of Akt inhibitors in pediatric cancers, from both preclinical and clinical studies. In short, we demonstrate the impact that Akt inhibition provides in tumorigenesis, and we suggest targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, alone or in combination with other inhibitors, is a feasible tool to achieve better outcomes in pediatric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Toson
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Isadora S Fortes
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Saulo F Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.
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PRMT5 activates AKT via methylation to promote tumor metastasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3955. [PMID: 35803962 PMCID: PMC9270419 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is the primary methyltransferase generating symmetric-dimethyl-arginine marks on histone and non-histone proteins. PRMT5 dysregulation is implicated in multiple oncogenic processes. Here, we report that PRMT5-mediated methylation of protein kinase B (AKT) is required for its subsequent phosphorylation at Thr308 and Ser473. Moreover, pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of PRMT5 abolishes AKT1 arginine 15 methylation, thereby preventing AKT1 translocation to the plasma membrane and subsequent recruitment of its upstream activating kinases PDK1 and mTOR2. We show that PRMT5/AKT signaling controls the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal-transition transcription factors ZEB1, SNAIL, and TWIST1. PRMT5 inhibition significantly attenuates primary tumor growth and broadly blocks metastasis in multiple organs in xenograft tumor models of high-risk neuroblastoma. Collectively, our results suggest that PRMT5 inhibition augments anti-AKT or other downstream targeted therapeutics in high-risk metastatic cancers.
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7
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Synthetic Heterocyclic Derivatives as Kinase Inhibitors Tested for the Treatment of Neuroblastoma. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237069. [PMID: 34885651 PMCID: PMC8658969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, small molecules endowed with different heterocyclic scaffolds have been developed as kinase inhibitors. Some of them are being tested at preclinical or clinical levels for the potential treatment of neuroblastoma (NB). This disease is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood and is responsible for 10% to 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. Despite the availability of some treatments, including the use of very toxic cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, high-risk (HR)-NB patients still have a poor prognosis and a survival rate below 50%. For these reasons, new pharmacological options are urgently needed. This review focuses on synthetic heterocyclic compounds published in the last five years, which showed at least some activity on this severe disease and act as kinase inhibitors. The specific mechanism of action, selectivity, and biological activity of these drug candidates are described, when established. Moreover, the most remarkable clinical trials are reported. Importantly, kinase inhibitors approved for other diseases have shown to be active and endowed with lower toxicity compared to conventional cytotoxic agents. The data collected in this article can be particularly useful for the researchers working in this area.
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Targeting of AKT-Signaling Pathway Potentiates the Anti-cancer Efficacy of Doxorubicin in A673 Ewing Sarcoma Cell Line. BIONANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-021-00901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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9
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Molecular Iodine/Cyclophosphamide Synergism on Chemoresistant Neuroblastoma Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168936. [PMID: 34445656 PMCID: PMC8396562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (Nb), the most common extracranial tumor in children, exhibited remarkable phenotypic diversity and heterogeneous clinical behavior. Tumors with MYCN overexpression have a worse prognosis. MYCN promotes tumor progression by inducing cell proliferation, de-differentiation, and dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism. Cyclophosphamide (CFF) at minimum effective oral doses (metronomic therapy) exerts beneficial actions on chemoresistant cancers. Molecular iodine (I2) in coadministration with all-trans retinoic acid synergizes apoptosis and cell differentiation in Nb cells. This work analyzes the impact of I2 and CFF on the viability (culture) and tumor progression (xenografts) of Nb chemoresistant SK-N-BE(2) cells. Results showed that both molecules induce dose-response antiproliferative effects, and I2 increases the sensibility of Nb cells to CFF, triggering PPARγ expression and acting as a mitocan in mitochondrial metabolism. In vivo oral I2/metronomic CFF treatments showed significant inhibition in xenograft growth, decreasing proliferation (Survivin) and activating apoptosis signaling (P53, Bax/Bcl-2). In addition, I2 decreased the expression of master markers of malignancy (MYCN, TrkB), vasculature remodeling, and increased differentiation signaling (PPARγ and TrkA). Furthermore, I2 supplementation prevented loss of body weight and hemorrhagic cystitis secondary to CFF in nude mice. These results allow us to propose the I2 supplement in metronomic CFF treatments to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy and reduce side effects.
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Mollinedo F, Gajate C. Direct Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting by the Selective Alkylphospholipid Analog and Antitumor Ether Lipid Edelfosine as a Therapeutic Approach in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4173. [PMID: 34439330 PMCID: PMC8394177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common malignancy of the pancreas, shows a dismal and grim overall prognosis and survival rate, which have remained virtually unchanged for over half a century. PDAC is the most lethal of all cancers, with the highest mortality-to-incidence ratio. PDAC responds poorly to current therapies and remains an incurable malignancy. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets and drugs are urgently needed for pancreatic cancer treatment. Selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is an appealing approach in cancer therapy. Apoptotic cell death is highly regulated by different signaling routes that involve a variety of subcellular organelles. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress acts as a double-edged sword at the interface of cell survival and death. Pancreatic cells exhibit high hormone and enzyme secretory functions, and thereby show a highly developed ER. Thus, pancreatic cancer cells display a prominent ER. Solid tumors have to cope with adverse situations in which hypoxia, lack of certain nutrients, and the action of certain antitumor agents lead to a complex interplay and crosstalk between ER stress and autophagy-the latter acting as an adaptive survival response. ER stress also mediates cell death induced by a number of anticancer drugs and experimental conditions, highlighting the pivotal role of ER stress in modulating cell fate. The alkylphospholipid analog prototype edelfosine is selectively taken up by tumor cells, accumulates in the ER of a number of human solid tumor cells-including pancreatic cancer cells-and promotes apoptosis through a persistent ER-stress-mediated mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we discuss and propose that direct ER targeting may be a promising approach in the therapy of pancreatic cancer, opening up a new avenue for the treatment of this currently incurable and deadly cancer. Furthermore, because autophagy acts as a cytoprotective response to ER stress, potentiation of the triggering of a persistent ER response by combination therapy, together with the use of autophagy blockers, could improve the current gloomy expectations for finding a cure for this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Pezeshki PS, Moeinafshar A, Ghaemdoust F, Razi S, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Rezaei N. Advances in pharmacotherapy for neuroblastoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:2383-2404. [PMID: 34254549 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1953470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroblastoma is the most prevalent cancer type diagnosed within the first year after birth and accounts for 15% of deaths from pediatric cancer. Despite the improvements in survival rates of patients with neuroblastoma, the incidence of the disease has increased over the last decade. Neuroblastoma tumor cells harbor a vast range of variable and heterogeneous histochemical and genetic alterations which calls for the need to administer individualized and targeted therapies to induce tumor regression in each patient. AREAS COVERED This paper provides reviews the recent clinical trials which used chemotherapeutic and/or targeted agents as either monotherapies or in combination to improve the response rate in patients with neuroblastoma, and especially high-risk neuroblastoma. It also reviews some of the prominent preclinical studies which can provide the rationale for future clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Although some distinguished advances in pharmacotherapy have been made to improve the survival rate and reduce adverse events in patients with neuroblastoma, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, resistance to therapies or relapse, identifying biomarkers of response to each specific drug, and developing predictive preclinical models of the tumor can lead to further breakthroughs in the treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmida Sadat Pezeshki
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysan Moeinafshar
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghaemdoust
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden
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Skowron MA, Oing C, Bremmer F, Ströbel P, Murray MJ, Coleman N, Amatruda JF, Honecker F, Bokemeyer C, Albers P, Nettersheim D. The developmental origin of cancers defines basic principles of cisplatin resistance. Cancer Lett 2021; 519:199-210. [PMID: 34320371 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has been used for more than four decades as a standard therapeutic option in several tumor entities. However, being a multifaceted and heterogeneous phenomenon, inherent or acquired resistance to cisplatin remains a major obstacle during the treatment of several solid malignancies and inevitably results in disease progression. Hence, we felt there was an urgent need to evaluate common mechanisms between multifarious cancer entities to identify patient-specific therapeutic strategies. We found joint molecular and (epi)genetic resistance mechanisms and specific cisplatin-induced mutational signatures that depended on the developmental origin (endo-, meso-, ectoderm) of the tumor tissue. Based on the findings of thirteen tumor entities, we identified three resistance groups, where Group 1 (endodermal origin) prominently indicates NRF2-pathway activation, Group 2 (mesodermal origin, primordial germ cells) shares elevated DNA repair mechanisms and decreased apoptosis induction, and Group 3 (ectodermal and paraxial mesodermal origin) commonly presents deregulated apoptosis induction and alternating pathways as the main cisplatin-induced resistance mechanisms. This review further proposes potential and novel therapeutic strategies to improve the outcome of cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaretha A Skowron
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christoph Oing
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinsstraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCs4, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinsstraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str.4, 37075 Gottingen, Germany.
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str.4, 37075 Gottingen, Germany.
| | - Matthew J Murray
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Nicholas Coleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK; Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - James F Amatruda
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Friedemann Honecker
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinsstraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Tumor and Breast Center ZeTuP St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 150, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinsstraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Albers
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Daniel Nettersheim
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Gong B, Zhang J, Hua Z, Liu Z, Thiele CJ, Li Z. Downregulation of ATXN3 Enhances the Sensitivity to AKT Inhibitors (Perifosine or MK-2206), but Decreases the Sensitivity to Chemotherapeutic Drugs (Etoposide or Cisplatin) in Neuroblastoma Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:686898. [PMID: 34322387 PMCID: PMC8311598 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.686898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy resistance is the major cause of failure in neuroblastoma (NB) treatment. ATXN3 has been linked to various types of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases; however, its roles in NB have not been established. The aim of our study was to explore the role of ATXN3 in the cell death induced by AKT inhibitor (perifosine or MK-2206) or chemotherapy drugs (etoposide or cisplatin) in NB cells. Methods The expressions of ATXN3 and BCL-2 family members were detected by Western blot. Cell survival was evaluated by CCK8, cell confluence was measured by IncuCyte, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. AS and BE2 were treated with AKT inhibitors or chemotherapeutics, respectively. Results Downregulation of ATXN3 did not block, but significantly increased the perifosine/MK-2206-induced cell death. Among the BCL-2 family members, the expression of pro-apoptotic protein BIM and anti-proapoptotic protein Bcl-xl expression increased significantly when ATXN3 was down-regulated. Downregulation of BIM protected NB cells from the combination of perifosine/MK-2206 and ATXN3 downregulation. Downregulation of ATXN3 did not increase, but decrease the sensitivity of NB cells to etoposide/cisplatin, and knockdown of Bcl-xl attenuated this decrease in sensitivity. Conclusion Downregulation of ATXN3 enhanced AKT inhibitors (perifosine or MK-2206) induced cell death by BIM, but decreased the cell death induced by chemotherapeutic drugs (etoposide or cisplatin) via Bcl-xl. The expression of ATXN3 may be an indicator in selecting different treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocheng Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environment and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyan Hua
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environment and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carol J Thiele
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environment and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Serwetnyk MA, Blagg BS. The disruption of protein-protein interactions with co-chaperones and client substrates as a strategy towards Hsp90 inhibition. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1446-1468. [PMID: 34221862 PMCID: PMC8245820 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 90-kiloDalton (kD) heat shock protein (Hsp90) is a ubiquitous, ATP-dependent molecular chaperone whose primary function is to ensure the proper folding of several hundred client protein substrates. Because many of these clients are overexpressed or become mutated during cancer progression, Hsp90 inhibition has been pursued as a potential strategy for cancer as one can target multiple oncoproteins and signaling pathways simultaneously. The first discovered Hsp90 inhibitors, geldanamycin and radicicol, function by competitively binding to Hsp90's N-terminal binding site and inhibiting its ATPase activity. However, most of these N-terminal inhibitors exhibited detrimental activities during clinical evaluation due to induction of the pro-survival heat shock response as well as poor selectivity amongst the four isoforms. Consequently, alternative approaches to Hsp90 inhibition have been pursued and include C-terminal inhibition, isoform-selective inhibition, and the disruption of Hsp90 protein-protein interactions. Since the Hsp90 protein folding cycle requires the assembly of Hsp90 into a large heteroprotein complex, along with various co-chaperones and immunophilins, the development of small molecules that prevent assembly of the complex offers an alternative method of Hsp90 inhibition.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Aha1, activator of Hsp90 ATPase homologue 1
- CTD, C-terminal domain
- Cdc37, cell division cycle 37
- Disruptors
- Grp94, 94-kD glucose-regulated protein
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducing factor-1α
- HIP, Hsp70-interaction protein
- HOP, Hsp70‒Hsp90 organizing protein
- HSQC, heteronuclear single quantum coherence
- Her-2, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2
- Hsp90
- Hsp90, 90-kD heat shock protein
- MD, middle domain
- NTD, N-terminal domain
- Natural products
- PPI, protein−protein interaction
- Peptidomimetics
- Protein−protein interactions
- SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SUMO, small ubiquitin-like modifier
- Small molecules
- TPR2A, tetratricopeptide-containing repeat 2A
- TRAP1, Hsp75tumor necrosis factor receptor associated protein 1
- TROSY, transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy
- hERG, human ether-à-go-go-related gene
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15
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Hu Z, Cheng C, Wang Y, Chen T, Tu J, Niu C, Xing R, Wang Y, Xu Y. Synergistic Effect of Statins and Abiraterone Acetate on the Growth Inhibition of Neuroblastoma via Targeting Androgen Receptor. Front Oncol 2021; 11:595285. [PMID: 34041015 PMCID: PMC8141582 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.595285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial neuroendocrine tumor in childhood. Although many studies have tried to find effective treatments, there are still numerous limitations in current clinical targeted therapy. So, it is important to find new therapeutic targets and strategies from a new perspective. Our previous study reported that the androgen receptor (AR) promotes the growth of neuroblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Based on documentary investigation, we postulated that the AR–SCAP–SREBPs-CYP17/HMGCR axis may regulate cholesterol and androgens synthesis and form a positive enhancement loop promoting NB progression. Clinical samples and Oncomine database analysis proved the activation of AR–SCAP–SREBPs-CYP17/HMGCR axis in neuroblastoma. The combination of inhibitors of HMGCR (statins) and CYP17A1 (abiraterone acetate) showed synergistic effect that significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration with decreased expression of related genes detected in vitro and in vivo suggesting the dual-targeted therapy had the potential to inhibit the progression of neuroblastoma in spite of its MYCN status. This study provides new ideas for clinical treatment of neuroblastoma with efficacy and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengchun Hu
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chuandong Cheng
- Anhui Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianrui Chen
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhong Tu
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chaoshi Niu
- Anhui Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Xing
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yinghui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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16
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Zafar A, Wang W, Liu G, Wang X, Xian W, McKeon F, Foster J, Zhou J, Zhang R. Molecular targeting therapies for neuroblastoma: Progress and challenges. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:961-1021. [PMID: 33155698 PMCID: PMC7906923 DOI: 10.1002/med.21750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify novel therapies for childhood cancers. Neuroblastoma is the most common pediatric solid tumor, and accounts for ~15% of childhood cancer‐related mortality. Neuroblastomas exhibit genetic, morphological and clinical heterogeneity, which limits the efficacy of existing treatment modalities. Gaining detailed knowledge of the molecular signatures and genetic variations involved in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma is necessary to develop safer and more effective treatments for this devastating disease. Recent studies with advanced high‐throughput “omics” techniques have revealed numerous genetic/genomic alterations and dysfunctional pathways that drive the onset, growth, progression, and resistance of neuroblastoma to therapy. A variety of molecular signatures are being evaluated to better understand the disease, with many of them being used as targets to develop new treatments for neuroblastoma patients. In this review, we have summarized the contemporary understanding of the molecular pathways and genetic aberrations, such as those in MYCN, BIRC5, PHOX2B, and LIN28B, involved in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma, and provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular targeted therapies under preclinical and clinical investigations, particularly those targeting ALK signaling, MDM2, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and RAS‐MAPK pathways, as well as epigenetic regulators. We also give insights on the use of combination therapies involving novel agents that target various pathways. Further, we discuss the future directions that would help identify novel targets and therapeutics and improve the currently available therapies, enhancing the treatment outcomes and survival of patients with neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Zafar
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Drug Discovery Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chemical Biology Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Xinjie Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wa Xian
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Stem Cell Center, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frank McKeon
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Stem Cell Center, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer Foster
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Section of Hematology-Oncology Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chemical Biology Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Drug Discovery Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Subramonian D, Phanhthilath N, Rinehardt H, Flynn S, Huo Y, Zhang J, Messer K, Mo Q, Huang S, Lesperance J, Zage PE. Regorafenib is effective against neuroblastoma in vitro and in vivo and inhibits the RAS/MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Fos/Jun pathways. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:568-579. [PMID: 32457362 PMCID: PMC7434894 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regorafenib is an inhibitor of multiple kinases with aberrant expression and activity in neuroblastoma tumours that have potential roles in neuroblastoma pathogenesis. METHODS We evaluated neuroblastoma cells treated with regorafenib for cell viability and confluence, and analysed treated cells for apoptosis and cell cycle progression. We evaluated the efficacy of regorafenib in vivo using an orthotopic xenograft model. We evaluated regorafenib-mediated inhibition of kinase targets and performed reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) analysis of neuroblastoma cells treated with regorafenib. Lastly, we evaluated the efficacy and effects of the combination of regorafenib and 13-cis-retinoic acid on intracellular signalling. RESULTS Regorafenib treatment resulted in reduced neuroblastoma cell viability and confluence, with both induction of apoptosis and of cell cycle arrest. Regorafenib treatment inhibits known receptor tyrosine kinase targets RET and PDGFRβ and intracellular signalling through the RAS/MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Fos/Jun pathways. Regorafenib is effective against neuroblastoma tumours in vivo, and the combination of regorafenib and 13-cis-retinoic acid demonstrates enhanced efficacy compared with regorafenib alone. CONCLUSIONS The effects of regorafenib on multiple intracellular signalling pathways and the potential additional efficacy when combined with 13-cis-retinoic acid represent opportunities to develop treatment regimens incorporating regorafenib for children with neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Subramonian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nikki Phanhthilath
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Rinehardt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sean Flynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuchen Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen Messer
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lesperance
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter E Zage
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Peckham Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
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18
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Richardson PG, Nagler A, Ben‐Yehuda D, Badros A, Hari PN, Hajek R, Spicka I, Kaya H, LeBlanc R, Yoon S, Kim K, Martinez‐Lopez J, Mittelman M, Shpilberg O, Blake P, Hideshima T, Colson K, Laubach JP, Ghobrial IM, Leiba M, Gatt ME, Sportelli P, Chen M, Anderson KC. Randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 study of perifosine combined with bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma previously treated with bortezomib. EJHAEM 2020; 1:94-102. [PMID: 35847734 PMCID: PMC9175725 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Perifosine, an investigational, oral, synthetic alkylphospholipid, inhibits signal transduction pathways of relevance in multiple myeloma (MM) including PI3K/Akt. Perifosine demonstrated anti‐MM activity in preclinical studies and encouraging early‐phase clinical activity in combination with bortezomib. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 3 study was conducted to evaluate addition of perifosine to bortezomib‐dexamethasone in MM patients with one to four prior therapies who had relapsed following previous bortezomib‐based therapy. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). The study was discontinued at planned interim analysis, with 135 patients enrolled. Median PFS was 22.7 weeks (95% confidence interval 16·0–45·4) in the perifosine arm and 39.0 weeks (18.3–50.1) in the placebo arm (hazard ratio 1.269 [0.817–1.969]; P = .287); overall response rates were 20% and 27%, respectively. Conversely, median overall survival (OS) was 141.9 weeks and 83.3 weeks (hazard ratio 0.734 [0.380–1.419]; P = .356). Overall, 61% and 55% of patients in the perifosine and placebo arms reported grade 3/4 adverse events, including thrombocytopenia (26% vs 14%), anemia (7% vs 8%), hyponatremia (6% vs 8%), and pneumonia (9% vs 3%). These findings demonstrate no PFS benefit from the addition of perifosine to bortezomib‐dexamethasone in this study of relapsed/refractory MM, but comparable safety and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Richardson
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | | | | | - Ashraf Badros
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Parameswaran N. Hari
- Department of Hematology/Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin USA
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Hematooncology University Hospital, Ostrava, and Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Spicka
- First Department of Medicine, Department of Hematology First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Hakan Kaya
- Cancer Care Northwest Spokane Washington USA
| | - Richard LeBlanc
- CIUSSS de l'est de l’île de Montréal University of Montreal Montreal Canada
| | - Sung‐Soo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Medical Center Seoul South Korea
| | | | | | - Ofer Shpilberg
- Institute of Hematology Assuta Medical Centers Tel Aviv and Ariel University Ariel Israel
| | | | - Teru Hideshima
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Kathleen Colson
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Jacob P. Laubach
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Irene M. Ghobrial
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Merav Leiba
- Assuta Ashdod University Hospital Faculty of Health Sciences Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheba Israel
| | | | | | | | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts USA
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19
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Iida M, Harari PM, Wheeler DL, Toulany M. Targeting AKT/PKB to improve treatment outcomes for solid tumors. Mutat Res 2020; 819-820:111690. [PMID: 32120136 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2020.111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase AKT, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), is the major substrate to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and consists of three paralogs: AKT1 (PKBα), AKT2 (PKBβ) and AKT3 (PKBγ). The PI3K/AKT pathway is normally activated by binding of ligands to membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) as well as downstream to G-protein coupled receptors and integrin-linked kinase. Through multiple downstream substrates, activated AKT controls a wide variety of cellular functions including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis in both normal and malignant cells. In human cancers, the PI3K/AKT pathway is most frequently hyperactivated due to mutations and/or overexpression of upstream components. Aberrant expression of RTKs, gain of function mutations in PIK3CA, RAS, PDPK1, and AKT itself, as well as loss of function mutation in AKT phosphatases are genetic lesions that confer hyperactivation of AKT. Activated AKT stimulates DNA repair, e.g. double strand break repair after radiotherapy. Likewise, AKT attenuates chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. These observations suggest that a crucial link exists between AKT and DNA damage. Thus, AKT could be a major predictive marker of conventional cancer therapy, molecularly targeted therapy, and immunotherapy for solid tumors. In this review, we summarize the current understanding by which activated AKT mediates resistance to cancer treatment modalities, i.e. radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and RTK targeted therapy. Next, the effect of AKT on response of tumor cells to RTK targeted strategies will be discussed. Finally, we will provide a brief summary on the clinical trials of AKT inhibitors in combination with radiochemotherapy, RTK targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iida
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - P M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D L Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Toulany
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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20
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Le Grand M, Kimpton K, Gana CC, Valli E, Fletcher JI, Kavallaris M. Targeting Functional Activity of AKT Has Efficacy against Aggressive Neuroblastoma. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:148-160. [PMID: 32259094 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma is one of the deadliest forms of childhood cancer and remains a significant clinical challenge. Direct pharmacological inhibition of MYCN is not currently achievable. One strategy could be to target the AKT/GSK3β pathway, which directly regulates the stability of the MYCN protein. Numerous potent and isoform-specific small-molecule AKT inhibitors have been developed. However, the selection of the right drug combinations in the relevant indication will have a significant impact on AKT inhibitor clinical success. To maximally exploit the potential of AKT inhibitors, a better understanding of AKT isoform functions in cancer is crucial. Here using RNAi to downregulate specific AKT isoforms, we demonstrated that loss of total AKT activity rather than isoform-specific expression was necessary to decrease MYCN expression and cause a significant decrease in neuroblastoma cell proliferation. Consistent with these observations, isoform-specific pharmacological inhibition of AKT was substantially less effective than pan-AKT inhibition in combination with cytotoxic drugs in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. The allosteric pan-AKT inhibitor perifosine had promising in vitro and in vivo activity in combination with conventional cytotoxic drugs in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. Our results demonstrated that perifosine drug combination was able to induce apoptosis and downregulate ABC transporter expression. Collectively, this study shows that selecting pan-AKT inhibitors rather than isoform-specific drugs to synergize with first-line chemotherapy treatment should be considered for clinical trials for aggressive neuroblastoma and, potentially, other MYCN -driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Le Grand
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kathleen Kimpton
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christine C Gana
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Emanuele Valli
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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21
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Tewari D, Patni P, Bishayee A, Sah AN, Bishayee A. Natural products targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in cancer: A novel therapeutic strategy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 80:1-17. [PMID: 31866476 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) represent two vital intracellular signaling pathways, which are associated with various aspects of cellular functions. These functions play vital roles in quiescence, survival, and growth in normal physiological circumstances as well as in various pathological disorders, including cancer. These two pathways are so intimately connected to each other that in some instances these are considered as one unique pathway crucial for cell cycle regulation. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the role of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in different cancer conditions and the importance of natural products targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. This review also aims to draw the attention of scientists and researchers to the assorted beneficial effects of the numerous classes of natural products for the development of new and safe drugs for possible cancer therapy. We also summarize and critically analyze various preclinical and clinical studies on bioactive compounds and constituents, which are derived from natural products, to target the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway for cancer prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, Punjab, India.
| | - Pooja Patni
- Sharda School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technical University, Gandhinagar 382 610, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Archana N Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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22
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Mohlin S, Hansson K, Radke K, Martinez S, Blanco-Apiricio C, Garcia-Ruiz C, Welinder C, Esfandyari J, O'Neill M, Pastor J, von Stedingk K, Bexell D. Anti-tumor effects of PIM/PI3K/mTOR triple kinase inhibitor IBL-302 in neuroblastoma. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10058. [PMID: 31310053 PMCID: PMC6685085 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201810058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K pathway is a major driver of cancer progression. However, clinical resistance to PI3K inhibition is common. IBL‐302 is a novel highly specific triple PIM, PI3K, and mTOR inhibitor. Screening IBL‐302 in over 700 cell lines representing 47 tumor types identified neuroblastoma as a strong candidate for PIM/PI3K/mTOR inhibition. IBL‐302 was more effective than single PI3K inhibition in vitro, and IBL‐302 treatment of neuroblastoma patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) cells induced apoptosis, differentiated tumor cells, and decreased N‐Myc protein levels. IBL‐302 further enhanced the effect of the common cytotoxic chemotherapies cisplatin, doxorubicin, and etoposide. Global genome, proteome, and phospho‐proteome analyses identified crucial biological processes, including cell motility and apoptosis, targeted by IBL‐302 treatment. While IBL‐302 treatment alone reduced tumor growth in vivo, combination therapy with low‐dose cisplatin inhibited neuroblastoma PDX growth. Complementing conventional chemotherapy treatment with PIM/PI3K/mTOR inhibition has the potential to improve clinical outcomes and reduce severe late effects in children with high‐risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Mohlin
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Hansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Radke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sonia Martinez
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Blanco-Apiricio
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Welinder
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Javanshir Esfandyari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Joaquin Pastor
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristoffer von Stedingk
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Oncogenomics, University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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23
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Song M, Bode AM, Dong Z, Lee MH. AKT as a Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1019-1031. [PMID: 30808672 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many cellular processes in cancer are attributed to kinase signaling networks. V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) plays a major role in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. AKT is activated by PI3K or phosphoinositide-dependent kinases (PDK) as well as growth factors, inflammation, and DNA damage. Signal transduction occurs through downstream effectors such as mTOR, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), or forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1). The abnormal overexpression or activation of AKT has been observed in many cancers, including ovarian, lung, and pancreatic cancers, and is associated with increased cancer cell proliferation and survival. Therefore, targeting AKT could provide an important approach for cancer prevention and therapy. In this review, we discuss the rationale for targeting AKT and also provide details regarding synthetic and natural AKT-targeting compounds and their associated studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Song
- Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Zigang Dong
- Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
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24
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Fultang L, Gamble LD, Gneo L, Berry AM, Egan SA, De Bie F, Yogev O, Eden GL, Booth S, Brownhill S, Vardon A, McConville CM, Cheng PN, Norris MD, Etchevers HC, Murray J, Ziegler DS, Chesler L, Schmidt R, Burchill SA, Haber M, De Santo C, Mussai F. Macrophage-Derived IL1β and TNFα Regulate Arginine Metabolism in Neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:611-624. [PMID: 30545920 PMCID: PMC6420118 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common childhood solid tumor, yet the prognosis for high-risk disease remains poor. We demonstrate here that arginase 2 (ARG2) drives neuroblastoma cell proliferation via regulation of arginine metabolism. Targeting arginine metabolism, either by blocking cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT-1)-dependent arginine uptake in vitro or therapeutic depletion of arginine by pegylated recombinant arginase BCT-100, significantly delayed tumor development and prolonged murine survival. Tumor cells polarized infiltrating monocytes to an M1-macrophage phenotype, which released IL1β and TNFα in a RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT)-dependent manner. IL1β and TNFα established a feedback loop to upregulate ARG2 expression via p38 and extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling in neuroblastoma and neural crest-derived cells. Proteomic analysis revealed that enrichment of IL1β and TNFα in stage IV human tumor microenvironments was associated with a worse prognosis. These data thus describe an immune-metabolic regulatory loop between tumor cells and infiltrating myeloid cells regulating ARG2, which can be clinically exploited. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings illustrate that cross-talk between myeloid cells and tumor cells creates a metabolic regulatory loop that promotes neuroblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livingstone Fultang
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura D Gamble
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luciana Gneo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrea M Berry
- Children's Cancer Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sharon A Egan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Fenna De Bie
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Orli Yogev
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Georgina L Eden
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Booth
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samantha Brownhill
- Children's Cancer Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ashley Vardon
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carmel M McConville
- Institute of Cancer Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jayne Murray
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Susan A Burchill
- Children's Cancer Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carmela De Santo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Francis Mussai
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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25
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Marron JM, Cronin AM, DuBois SG, Glade-Bender J, Kim A, Crompton BD, Meyer SC, Janeway KA, Mack JW. Duality of purpose: Participant and parent understanding of the purpose of genomic tumor profiling research among children and young adults with solid tumors. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3. [PMID: 31240271 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing use of genomic tumor profiling may blur the line between research and clinical care. We aimed to describe research participants' perspectives on the purpose of genomic tumor profiling research in pediatric oncology. METHODS We surveyed 45 participants (response rate 85%) in a pilot study of genomic profiling in pediatric solid tumors at four academic cancer centers following return of sequencing results. We defined understanding according to a one-item ("basic") definition (recognizing that the primary purpose was not to improve the patient's treatment) and a four-item ("comprehensive") definition (primary purpose was not to improve patient's treatment; primary purpose was to improve treatment of future patients; there may not be direct medical benefit; most likely result of participation was not increased likelihood of cure). RESULTS Sixty-eight percent of respondents (30/44) demonstrated basic understanding of the study purpose; 55% (24/44) demonstrated comprehensive understanding. Understanding was more frequently seen in those with higher education and greater genetic knowledge according to basic (81% vs 50%, p=0.05; and 82% vs 46%, p=0.03, respectively) and comprehensive definitions (73% vs 28%, p=0.01; 71% vs 23%, p=0.01). Ninety-three percent of respondents who believed the primary purpose was to improve the patient's care simultaneously stated that the research also aimed to benefit future patients. CONCLUSIONS Most participants in pediatric tumor profiling research understand that the primary goal of this research is to improve care for future patients, but many express dual goals when participating in sequencing research. Some populations demonstrate increased rates of misunderstanding. Nuanced participant views suggest further work is needed to assess and improve participant understanding, particularly as tumor sequencing moves beyond research into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Marron
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Office of Ethics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Angel M Cronin
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven G DuBois
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia Glade-Bender
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - AeRang Kim
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Brian D Crompton
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie C Meyer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine A Janeway
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer W Mack
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Jiang M, Hua Z, Dong Y, Liu Z, Thiele CJ, Li Z. Quantitative ubiquitylome analysis and crosstalk with proteome/acetylome analysis identified novel pathways and targets of perifosine treatment in neuroblastoma. Transl Cancer Res 2018; 7:1548-1560. [PMID: 30761266 PMCID: PMC6370305 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2018.11.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perifosine, is a third generation alkylphospholipid analog which has promising anti-tumor efficacy in clinical trials of refractory/recurrent neuroblastoma (NB). However, perifosine's mechanism of action remains unclear. Previously, we have shown that perifosine changes global proteome and acetylome profiles in NB. METHODS To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the perifosine mechanism, we performed a quantitative assessment of the lysine ubiquitylome in SK-N-AS NB cells using SILAC labeling, affinity enrichment and high-resolution liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry analysis. To analyse the data of ubiquitylome, we performed enrichment analysis with gene ontology (GO), the Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, ubiquitylated lysine motif, protein complex and protein domain. Protein-protein interaction was conducted to explore the crosstalk between ubiquitylome and previous global proteome/acetylome. Co-immunoprecipitation and western blotting were used to validate the results of the ubiquitylome analysis. RESULTS Altogether, 3,935 sites and 1,658 proteins were quantified. These quantified ubiquitylated proteins participated in various cellular processes such as binding, catalytic activity, biological regulation, metabolic process and signaling pathways involving non-homologous end-joining, steroid biosynthesis and Ras signaling pathway. Ubiquitylome and proteome presented negative connection. We identified 607 sites which were modified with both ubiquitination and acetylation. We selected 14 proteins carrying differentially quantified lysine ubiquitination and acetylation sites at the threshold of 1.5 folds as potential targets. These proteins were enriched in activities associated with ribosome, cell cycle and metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our study extends our understanding of the spectrum of novel targets that are differentially ubiquitinated after perifosine treatment of NB tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Zhongyan Hua
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yudi Dong
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carol J Thiele
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhijie Li
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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27
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Molecularly Targeted Therapy for Neuroblastoma. CHILDREN-BASEL 2018; 5:children5100142. [PMID: 30326621 PMCID: PMC6210520 DOI: 10.3390/children5100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor encountered in childhood and accounts for 15% of pediatric cancer-related deaths. Although there has been significant improvement in the outcomes for patients with high-risk disease, the therapy needed to achieve a cure is quite toxic and for those that do experience a disease recurrence, the prognosis is very dismal. Given this, there is a tremendous need for novel therapies for children with high-risk neuroblastoma and the molecular discoveries over recent years provide hope for developing new, less toxic, and potentially more efficacious treatments. Here I discuss many of the molecular aberrations identified thus far in neuroblastoma, as well as the agents in development to target these changes. The progress made in both the preclinical arena and in early phase drug development provide much promise for the future of precision medicine in neuroblastoma.
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28
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Abstract
The antivascular endothelial growth factor antibody, bevacizumab, is effective against several malignancies in adults but unproven in pediatric oncology. In early phase pediatric studies toxicities were similar to those in adults. Bowel perforation in adults is a rare but serious toxicity, but has not been hitherto reported in children. A 5-year-old boy with chemoresistant neuroblastoma treated with bevacizumab plus radioimmunotherapy developed acute abdominal pain. Computed tomography scan showed free abdominal air and pneumatosis coli. Emergency laparotomy and bowel diversion were performed leading to complete recovery and timely continuation of antineuroblastoma therapy. Early recognition and rapid intervention can prevent a catastrophic outcome in bevacizumab-related bowel perforation.
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29
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Fletcher JI, Ziegler DS, Trahair TN, Marshall GM, Haber M, Norris MD. Too many targets, not enough patients: rethinking neuroblastoma clinical trials. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:389-400. [PMID: 29632319 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a rare solid tumour of infancy and early childhood with a disproportionate contribution to paediatric cancer mortality and morbidity. Combination chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy remains the standard approach to treat high-risk disease, with few recurrent, actionable genetic aberrations identified at diagnosis. However, recent studies indicate that actionable aberrations are far more common in relapsed neuroblastoma, possibly as a result of clonal expansion. In addition, although the major validated disease driver, MYCN, is not currently directly targetable, multiple promising approaches to target MYCN indirectly are in development. We propose that clinical trial design needs to be rethought in order to meet the challenge of providing rigorous, evidence-based assessment of these new approaches within a fairly small patient population and that experimental therapies need to be assessed at diagnosis in very-high-risk patients rather than in relapsed and refractory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Toby N Trahair
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
- University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
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30
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Johnsen JI, Dyberg C, Fransson S, Wickström M. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets in neuroblastoma. Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:164-176. [PMID: 29466695 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranical tumor of childhood and the most deadly tumor of infancy. It is characterized by early age onset and high frequencies of metastatic disease but also the capacity to spontaneously regress. Despite intensive therapy, the survival for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma and those with recurrent or relapsed disease is low. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new therapies for these patient groups. The molecular pathogenesis based on high-throughput omics technologies of neuroblastoma is beginning to be resolved which have given the opportunity to develop personalized therapies for high-risk patients. Here we discuss the potential of developing targeted therapies against aberrantly expressed molecules detected in sub-populations of neuroblastoma patients and how these selected targets can be drugged in order to overcome treatment resistance, improve survival and quality of life for these patients and also the possibilities to transfer preclinical research into clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Inge Johnsen
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Dyberg
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Fransson
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Wickström
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Matsumoto K, Shichino H, Kawamoto H, Kosaka Y, Chin M, Kato K, Mugishima H. Phase I study of perifosine monotherapy in patients with recurrent or refractory neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64. [PMID: 28521076 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perifosine is an alkylphospholipid analog that inhibits or modulates signaling through signal transduction pathways such as Akt, which is enhanced in neuroblastoma (NB) by activation of tyrosine kinase receptors. We conducted a phase I study of perifosine in Japanese patients with recurrent or refractory NB. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN All patients enrolled were over 2 years of age; all had refractory or relapsed NB and a performance status of greater than 50%. Perifosine was orally administered at a loading dose (100-300 mg) on day 1 and at a maintenance dose (50-150 mg) from day 2 onward. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and pharmacokinetics were assessed in Step 1 and safety and efficacy in Step 2. RESULTS Nineteen patients were recruited. No DLT was observed. Adverse reactions occurring in more than 30% of the patients were vomiting (63%), nausea (53%), and diarrhea (37%). The mean plasma concentration of perifosine was 27.5 ± 9.8 μM on day 15 and 27.3 ± 11.5 μM on day 29. The response rate (RR) in 18 patients evaluable according to modified International Neuroblastoma Response Criteria was 0%; the disease control rate (DCR) was 56%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 122 days. In 11 patients evaluable according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, the RR and DCR were 9% and 55%, respectively. The median PFS was not reached. CONCLUSIONS Perifosine monotherapy was well tolerated in Japanese patients with recurrent/refractory NB. Further investigations in combination with other anticancer or molecular targeted agents are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimikazu Matsumoto
- Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shichino
- Department of Pediatrics, National Center For Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawamoto
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kosaka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kobe Children's Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Motoaki Chin
- Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideo Mugishima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawagoe Preventive Medical Center Clinic, Saitama, Japan
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32
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Rawling T, Choucair H, Koolaji N, Bourget K, Allison SE, Chen YJ, Dunstan CR, Murray M. A Novel Arylurea Fatty Acid That Targets the Mitochondrion and Depletes Cardiolipin To Promote Killing of Breast Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8661-8666. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Rawling
- School
of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Hassan Choucair
- Discipline
of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Nooshin Koolaji
- Discipline
of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kirsi Bourget
- Discipline
of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah E. Allison
- Discipline
of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Yong-Juan Chen
- School
of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Colin R. Dunstan
- School
of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Discipline
of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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33
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Akt Inhibitor Perifosine Prevents Epileptogenesis in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Neurosci Bull 2017; 34:283-290. [PMID: 28786074 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data have revealed that abnormal activity of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway plays an important role in epileptogenesis triggered by various factors. We previously reported that pretreatment with perifosine, an inhibitor of Akt (also called protein kinase B), abolishes the rapamycin-induced paradoxical increase of S6 phosphorylation in a rat model induced by kainic acid (KA). Since Akt is an upstream target in the mTOR signaling pathway, we set out to determine whether perifosine has a preventive effect on epileptogenesis. Here, we explored the effect of perifosine on the model of temporal epilepsy induced by KA in rats and found that pretreatment with perifosine had no effect on the severity or duration of the KA-induced status epilepticus. However, perifosine almost completely inhibited the activation of p-Akt and p-S6 both acutely and chronically following the KA-induced status epilepticus. Perifosine pretreatment suppressed the KA-induced neuronal death and mossy fiber sprouting. The frequency of spontaneous seizures was markedly decreased in rats pretreated with perifosine. Accordingly, rats pretreated with perifosine showed mild impairment in cognitive functions. Collectively, this study provides novel evidence in a KA seizure model that perifosine may be a potential drug for use in anti-epileptogenic therapy.
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34
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Petrov I, Suntsova M, Ilnitskaya E, Roumiantsev S, Sorokin M, Garazha A, Spirin P, Lebedev T, Gaifullin N, Larin S, Kovalchuk O, Konovalov D, Prassolov V, Roumiantsev A, Buzdin A. Gene expression and molecular pathway activation signatures of MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:83768-83780. [PMID: 29137381 PMCID: PMC5663553 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer arising from sympathetic nervous system. Remarkable heterogeneity in outcomes is one of its widely known features. One of the traits strongly associated with the unfavorable subtype is the amplification of oncogene MYCN. Here, we performed cross-platform biomarker detection by comparing gene expression and pathway activation patterns from the two literature reports and from our experimental dataset, combining profiles for the 761 neuroblastoma patients with known MYCN amplification status. We identified 109 / 25 gene expression / pathway activation biomarkers strongly linked with the MYCN amplification. The marker genes/pathways are involved in the processes of purine nucleotide biosynthesis, ATP-binding, tetrahydrofolate metabolism, building mitochondrial matrix, biosynthesis of amino acids, tRNA aminoacylation and NADP-linked oxidation-reduction processes, as well as in the tyrosine phosphatase activity, p53 signaling, cell cycle progression and the G1/S and G2/M checkpoints. To connect molecular functions of the genes involved in MYCN-amplified phenotype, we built a new molecular pathway using known intracellular protein interaction networks. The activation of this pathway was highly selective in discriminating MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas in all three datasets. Our data also suggest that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors may provide new opportunities for the treatment of the MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Petrov
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.,First Oncology Research and Advisory Center, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Suntsova
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.,Group for Genomic Regulation of Cell Signaling Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sergey Roumiantsev
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Radiology, N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Sorokin
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Centre for Convergence of Nano-, Bio-, Information and Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Moscow, Russia.,Pathway Pharmaceuticals, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew Garazha
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.,Centre for Biogerontology and Regenerative Medicine, IC Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Spirin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mosow, Russia
| | - Timofey Lebedev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mosow, Russia
| | - Nurshat Gaifullin
- Moscow State University, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Larin
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Dmitry Konovalov
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.,Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Prassolov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mosow, Russia
| | - Alexander Roumiantsev
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Buzdin
- D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.,Group for Genomic Regulation of Cell Signaling Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Centre for Convergence of Nano-, Bio-, Information and Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Moscow, Russia
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Becher OJ, Millard NE, Modak S, Kushner BH, Haque S, Spasojevic I, Trippett TM, Gilheeney SW, Khakoo Y, Lyden DC, De Braganca KC, Kolesar JM, Huse JT, Kramer K, Cheung NKV, Dunkel IJ. A phase I study of single-agent perifosine for recurrent or refractory pediatric CNS and solid tumors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178593. [PMID: 28582410 PMCID: PMC5459446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in various pediatric tumors. We conducted a phase I study of the Akt inhibitor perifosine in patients with recurrent/refractory pediatric CNS and solid tumors. This was a standard 3+3 open-label dose-escalation study to assess pharmacokinetics, describe toxicities, and identify the MTD for single-agent perifosine. Five dose levels were investigated, ranging from 25 to 125 mg/m2/day for 28 days per cycle. Twenty-three patients (median age 10 years, range 4-18 years) with CNS tumors (DIPG [n = 3], high-grade glioma [n = 5], medulloblastoma [n = 2], ependymoma [n = 3]), neuroblastoma (n = 8), Wilms tumor (n = 1), and Ewing sarcoma (n = 1) were treated. Only one DLT occurred (grade 4 hyperuricemia at dose level 4). The most common grade 3 or 4 toxicity at least possibly related to perifosine was neutropenia (8.7%), with the remaining grade 3 or 4 toxicities (fatigue, hyperglycemia, fever, hyperuricemia, and catheter-related infection) occurring in one patient each. Pharmacokinetics was dose-saturable at doses above 50 mg/m2/day with significant inter-patient variability, consistent with findings reported in adult studies. One patient with DIPG (dose level 5) and 4 of 5 patients with high-grade glioma (dose levels 2 and 3) experienced stable disease for two months. Five subjects with neuroblastoma (dose levels 1 through 4) achieved stable disease which was prolonged (≥11 months) in three. No objective responses were noted. In conclusion, the use of perifosine was safe and feasible in patients with recurrent/refractory pediatric CNS and solid tumors. An MTD was not defined by the 5 dose levels investigated. Our RP2D is 50 mg/m2/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren J. Becher
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nathan E. Millard
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shakeel Modak
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian H. Kushner
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sofia Haque
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tanya M. Trippett
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephen W. Gilheeney
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yasmin Khakoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Departments of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David C. Lyden
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Departments of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kevin C. De Braganca
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jill M. Kolesar
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jason T. Huse
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kim Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nai-Kong V. Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ira J. Dunkel
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Departments of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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The MYCN Protein in Health and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8040113. [PMID: 28358317 PMCID: PMC5406860 DOI: 10.3390/genes8040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MYCN is a member of the MYC family of proto-oncogenes. It encodes a transcription factor, MYCN, involved in the control of fundamental processes during embryonal development. The MYCN protein is situated downstream of several signaling pathways promoting cell growth, proliferation and metabolism of progenitor cells in different developing organs and tissues. Conversely, deregulated MYCN signaling supports the development of several different tumors, mainly with a childhood onset, including neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and Wilms’ tumor, but it is also associated with some cancers occurring during adulthood such as prostate and lung cancer. In neuroblastoma, MYCN-amplification is the most consistent genetic aberration associated with poor prognosis and treatment failure. Targeting MYCN has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these tumors and great efforts have allowed the development of direct and indirect MYCN inhibitors with potential clinical use.
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Applebaum MA, Desai AV, Glade Bender JL, Cohn SL. Emerging and investigational therapies for neuroblastoma. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017; 5:355-368. [PMID: 29062613 PMCID: PMC5649635 DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1304212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment for children with clinically aggressive, high-risk neuroblastoma remains challenging. Less than 50% of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma will survive long-term with current therapies, and survivors are at risk for serious treatment-related late toxicities. Here, we review new and evolving treatments that may ultimately improve outcome for children with high-risk neuroblastoma with decreased potential for late adverse events. AREAS COVERED New strategies for treating high-risk neuroblastoma are reviewed including: radiotherapy, targeted cytotoxics, biologics, immunotherapy, and molecularly targeted agents. Recently completed and ongoing neuroblastoma clinical trials testing these novel treatments are highlighted. In addition, we discuss ongoing clinical trials designed to evaluate precision medicine approaches that target actionable somatic mutations and oncogenic cellular pathways. EXPERT OPINION Advances in genomic medicine and molecular biology have led to the development of early phase studies testing biologically rational therapies targeting aberrantly activated cellular pathways. Because many of these drugs have a wider therapeutic index than standard chemotherapeutic agents, these treatments may be more effective and less toxic than current strategies. However, to effectively integrate these targeted strategies, robust predictive biomarkers must be developed that will identify patients who will benefit from these approaches and rapidly match treatments to patients at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Applebaum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Ami V. Desai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
| | - Julia L. Glade Bender
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Susan L. Cohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States of America
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