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Schildroth S, Geller RJ, Wesselink AK, Lovett SM, Bethea TN, Claus Henn B, Harmon QE, Taylor KM, Calafat AM, Wegienka G, Gaston SA, Baird DD, Wise LA. Hair product use and urinary biomarker concentrations of non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals among reproductive-aged Black women. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142442. [PMID: 38810806 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown an association between hair product use and adverse health outcomes. Scientists have hypothesized that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) drives these associations, but few studies have directly evaluated associations between hair product use and biomarkers of EDCs. Even more limited are studies of Black women, who frequently use EDC-containing products (e.g., hair relaxers). OBJECTIVE We estimated associations between hair product use and EDC biomarker concentrations. METHODS We leveraged cross-sectional data from the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids, a cohort of females aged 23-34 years who self-identified as Black/African American from the Detroit-metropolitan area (USA; n = 425). On structured questionnaires, participants reported their past 24-h and past 12-month use of hair products, including relaxers/straighteners/perms, styling products, moisturizers, oils, and hair food. We quantified urinary concentrations of 19 phthalate/phthalate alternative metabolites, 7 phenols, and 4 parabens using high performance liquid chromatography isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. EDC biomarker concentrations were creatinine-adjusted and natural log-transformed. We used multivariable linear regression to estimate mean percent differences in EDC biomarker concentrations and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with hair product use, adjusting for sociodemographic confounders. RESULTS Hair product use was associated with greater concentrations of multiple EDC biomarkers. Notably, use of hair products in the previous 24 h (compared with non-use) was associated with 16.2% (95% CI = 0.7%, 35.9%), 35.0% (95% CI = 2.6%, 77.6%), and 32.3% (95% CI = 8.8%, 92.0%) higher concentrations of mono-isobutyl phthalate, methyl paraben, and ethyl paraben, respectively. Use of hair relaxers/straighteners/perms, styling products, moisturizers, oils, and hair food in the past 12 months was also associated with higher concentrations of multiple phthalate, phenol, and paraben biomarkers. CONCLUSION Hair product use was associated with higher biomarker concentrations of multiple phthalates, phenols, and parabens. These findings suggest that hair products are potentially important exposure sources for hormonally-active chemicals among Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA.
| | - Ruth J Geller
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Amelia K Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Sharonda M Lovett
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Traci N Bethea
- Office of Minority Health & Health Disparities Research, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Washington DC, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Quaker E Harmon
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham NC, USA
| | - Kyla M Taylor
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NC, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA
| | | | | | - Donna D Baird
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham NC, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
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Pleasant V. A Public Health Emergency: Breast Cancer Among Black Communities in the United States. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2024; 51:69-103. [PMID: 38267132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
While Black people have a similar incidence of breast cancer compared to White people, they have a 40% increased death rate. Black people are more likely to be diagnosed with aggressive subtypes such as triple-negative breast cancer. However, despite biological factors, systemic racism and social determinants of health create delays in care and barriers to treatment. While genetic testing holds incredible promise for Black people, uptake remains low and results may be challenging to interpret. There is a need for more robust, multidisciplinary, and antiracist interventions to reverse breast cancer-related racial disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Versha Pleasant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Genetics & Breast Health Clinic, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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3
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Kim B, Kim M, Choi H, Suk HJ. Brightness and hue judgment of dyed hair color. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 242:104120. [PMID: 38157751 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate human hair color perception through two empirical studies in the context of colored hair. The preliminary study was intended to establish a numerical representation of perceptually meaningful brightness levels. It identified that the brightness level was proportional to the power of 0.766 of L*. In the visual assessment, participants (N = 47) categorized 246 hair color samples into eight color hue groups aligned with the Munsell system. Hue judgment was conducted by visually comparing dyed hair tresses with natural black hair. Based on the L*, a*, and b* values of hair tresses and visual assessments thereof, we observed the ranges of hue categories for hair color alongside the brightness levels. Additionally, the differences between the Munsell hue names and the assessment results were compared. Predominantly influenced by the dark brown hair color, the neutral orientation was shifted to the first quadrant of the a*-b* plane. The study contributes to an understanding of human hair color perception and provides insights into color categorization and labeling, especially when the context is confined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Kim
- Department of Industrial Design, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Moonha Kim
- Next Beauty II, AMOREPACIFIC CORPORATION, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Choi
- Next Beauty II, AMOREPACIFIC CORPORATION, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Suk
- Department of Industrial Design, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Goldberg M, Chang CJ, Ogunsina K, O’Brien KM, Taylor KW, White AJ, Sandler DP. Personal Care Product Use during Puberty and Incident Breast Cancer among Black, Hispanic/Latina, and White Women in a Prospective US-Wide Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:27001. [PMID: 38306193 PMCID: PMC10836586 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some personal care products (PCPs) contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals that may affect breast cancer (BC) risk. Patterns of use vary by race and ethnicity. Use often starts in adolescence, when rapidly developing breast tissue may be more susceptible to environmental carcinogens. Few studies have examined associations of BC with PCP use during this susceptible window. OBJECTIVES We characterized race and ethnicity-specific patterns of PCP use at 10-13 years of age and estimated associations of use with incident BC. METHODS At enrollment (2003-2009), Sister Study participants (n = 4,049 Black, 2,104 Latina, and 39,312 White women) 35-74 years of age reported use of 37 "everyday" PCPs during the ages of 10-13 y (did not use, sometimes, or frequently used). We conducted race and ethnicity-specific latent class analyses to separately identify groups of women with similar patterns of beauty, hair, and skincare/hygiene product use. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of identified PCP classes and single products with incident BC using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS During a mean follow-up time of 10.8 y, 280 Black, 128 Latina, and 3,137 White women were diagnosed with BC. Classes of adolescent PCP use were not clearly associated with BC diagnosis among Black, Latina, or White women. HRs were elevated but imprecise for frequent nail product and perfume use in Black women (HR = 1.34; 95% CI: 0.85, 2.12) and greater hair product use in Black (HR = 1.28; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.80) and Latina (HR = 1.42; 95% CI: 0.81, 2.48) women compared with lighter use. In single-product models, we observed higher BC incidence associated with frequent use of lipstick, nail products, pomade, perfume, makeup remover, and acne/blemish products in at least one group. DISCUSSION This work provides some support for the hypothesis that PCP use during puberty is associated with BC risk. More research is needed to confirm these novel findings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13882.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Goldberg
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Che-Jung Chang
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kemi Ogunsina
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katie M. O’Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyla W. Taylor
- Integrative Health Assessments Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra J. White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Payne CE, Rockson A, Ashrafi A, McDonald JA, Bethea TN, Barrett ES, Llanos AAM. Beauty Beware: Associations between Perceptions of Harm and Safer Hair-Product-Purchasing Behaviors in a Cross-Sectional Study of Adults Affiliated with a University in the Northeast. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7129. [PMID: 38063560 PMCID: PMC10706836 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20237129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Widespread personal care product (PCP) use can expose individuals to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) associated with adverse health outcomes. This study investigated the association between harm perceptions and hair-product-purchasing behaviors in adults enrolled in a cross-sectional study. (2) Methods: Respondents rated their agreement with five PCP-related harm statements using a five-point Likert scale. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between harm perceptions with hair-product-purchasing behaviors and hair product use (i.e., number of products used). (3) Results: Among 567 respondents (non-Hispanic White, 54.9%; non-Hispanic Black, 9.5%; Hispanic/Latinx, 10.1%; Asian American/Pacific Islander, 20.1%; and multiracial/other, 5.5%), stronger harm perceptions around PCP use were associated with potentially "safer" hair-product-purchasing behaviors. Respondents who strongly agreed that consumers should be concerned about the health effects of PCPs had more than fourfold increased odds of always/usually using healthy product apps (OR 4.10, 95% CI: 2.04-8.26); reading ingredient labels (OR 4.53, 95% CI: 2.99-6.87); and looking for natural, non-toxic, or eco-friendly product labels (OR 4.53, 95% CI: 2.99-6.88) when buying hair products. (4) Conclusions: Promoting environmental health literacy and raising awareness of potential PCP use-related harms might encourage healthier hair product use behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn E. Payne
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.E.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Amber Rockson
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.E.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Adiba Ashrafi
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.E.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Jasmine A. McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.E.P.); (A.R.)
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Traci N. Bethea
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Emily S. Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Adana A. M. Llanos
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (C.E.P.); (A.R.)
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Taylor KW, Howdeshell KL, Bommarito PA, Sibrizzi CA, Blain RB, Magnuson K, Lemeris C, Tracy W, Baird DD, Jackson CL, Gaston SA, Rider CV, Walker VR, Rooney AA. Systematic evidence mapping informs a class-based approach to assessing personal care products and pubertal timing. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108307. [PMID: 37948866 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal care products (PCPs) contain many different compounds and are a source of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including phthalates and phenols. Early-life exposure to EDCs commonly found in PCPs has been linked to earlier onset of puberty. OBJECTIVE To characterize the human and animal evidence on the association between puberty-related outcomes and exposure to PCPs and their chemical constituents and, if there is sufficient evidence, identify groups of chemicals and outcomes to support a systematic review for a class-based hazard or risk assessment. METHODS We followed the OHAT systematic review framework to characterize the human and animal evidence on the association between puberty-related health outcomes and exposure to PCPs and their chemical constituents. RESULTS Ninety-eight human and 299 animal studies that evaluated a total of 96 different chemicals were identified and mapped by key concepts including chemical class, data stream, and puberty-related health outcome. Among these studies, phthalates and phenols were the most well-studied chemical classes. Most of the phthalate and phenol studies examined secondary sex characteristics and changes in estradiol and testosterone levels. Studies evaluating PCP use and other chemical classes (e.g., parabens) had less data. CONCLUSIONS This systematic evidence map identified and mapped the published research evaluating the association between exposure to PCPs and their chemical constituents and puberty-related health outcomes. The resulting interactive visualization allows researchers to make evidence-based decisions on the available research by enabling them to search, sort, and filter the literature base of puberty-related studies by key concepts. This map can be used by researchers and regulators to prioritize and target future research and funding to reduce uncertainties and address data gaps. It also provides information to inform a class-based hazard or risk assessment on the association between phthalate and phenol exposures and puberty-related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla W Taylor
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Kembra L Howdeshell
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paige A Bommarito
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Donna D Baird
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chandra L Jackson
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Symielle A Gaston
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cynthia V Rider
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vickie R Walker
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew A Rooney
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Llanos AAM, Rockson A, Getz K, Greenberg P, Portillo E, McDonald JA, Teteh DK, Villasenor J, Lozada C, Franklin J, More V, Rivera-Núñez Z, Kinkade CW, Barrett ES. Assessment of personal care product use and perceptions of use in a sample of US adults affiliated with a university in the Northeast. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116719. [PMID: 37481059 PMCID: PMC10592243 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Evidence supports unequal burdens of chemical exposures from personal care products (PCPs) among some groups, namely femme-identifying and racial and ethnic minorities. In this study, we implemented an online questionnaire to assess PCP purchasing and usage behaviors and perceptions of use among a sample of US adults recruited at a Northeastern university. We collected PCP use across seven product categories (hair, beauty, skincare, perfumes/colognes, feminine hygiene, oral care, other), and behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions of use and safety across sociodemographic factors to evaluate relationships between sociodemographic factors and the total number of products used within the prior 24-48 h using multivariable models. We also summarized participants' perceptions and attitudes. Among 591 adults (20.0% Asian American/Pacific Islander [AAPI], 5.9% Hispanic, 9.6% non-Hispanic Black [NHB], 54.6% non-Hispanic White [NHW], and 9.9% multiracial or other), the average number of PCPs used within the prior 24-48 h was 15.6 ± 7.7. PCP use was greater among females than males (19.0 vs. 7.9, P < 0.01) and varied by race and ethnicity among females. Relative to NHWs, AAPI females used fewer hair products (2.5 vs. 3.1) and more feminine hygiene products (1.5 vs. 1.1), NHB females used more hair products (3.8 vs. 3.1), perfumes (1.0 vs. 0.6), oral care (2.3 vs. 1.9), and feminine hygiene products (1.8 vs. 1.1), and multiracial or other females used more oral care (2.2 vs. 1.9) and feminine hygiene products (1.5 vs. 1.1) (P-values <0.05). Generally, study participants reported moderate concern about exposures and health effects from using PCPs, with few differences by gender, race, and ethnicity. These findings add to the extant literature on PCP use across sociodemographic characteristics. Improving the understanding of patterns of use for specific products and their chemical ingredients is critical for developing interventions to reduce these exposures, especially in vulnerable groups with an unequal burden of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adana A M Llanos
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Amber Rockson
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kylie Getz
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Patricia Greenberg
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Eva Portillo
- Biostatistics Epidemiology Summer Training (BEST) Diversity Program, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jasmine A McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dede K Teteh
- Department of Health Sciences, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Justin Villasenor
- Biostatistics Epidemiology Summer Training (BEST) Diversity Program, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carolina Lozada
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jamirra Franklin
- Environmental and Health Sciences Department, Spelman College, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vaishnavi More
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Zorimar Rivera-Núñez
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Carolyn W Kinkade
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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He Y, Cao Y, Nie B, Wang J. Mechanisms of impairment in hair and scalp induced by hair dyeing and perming and potential interventions. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1139607. [PMID: 37275367 PMCID: PMC10232955 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1139607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid growth of beauty and personal care industries, many hair-relevant products, hair dyes and hair perms in particular, are increasingly prevalent in both women and men, regardless of being young or old as they frequently change hair color or shape to enhance youthfulness and beauty and to follow fashion trends. Hair dyes and perms alter hair color and/or shape by mechanically changing the physical structure and chemical substances of the hair shaft. However, treatment of hair with chemical formulations has been potentially ascribed to adverse outcomes in the hair shaft including structure damage, chemical constituent disorder, and impaired physical properties, although hair cosmetics procedures are intrinsically safe. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of impairment in the hair shaft and scalp induced by hair dyeing and perming remain elusive. Additionally, adverse reactions activated by exposure to specific chemical ingredients including skin irritation, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), and even cancer risk have been reported clinically, but existing evidence is not consistent enough in the case of human studies. Herein, the review aims to give an overview of hair cosmetics, especially concerning the basic knowledge about various hair dyes and perms, the consequences for hair shafts and the scalp resulting from the application of hair cosmetics mentioned above, mechanisms of hazardous outcomes, and potential desirable interventions to alleviate the impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu He
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Binji Nie
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junpu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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9
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More SL, Fung ES, Mathis C, Schulte AM, Hollins D. Dermal exposure and hair dye: Assessing potential bladder cancer risk from permanent hair dye. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 138:105331. [PMID: 36603762 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hair dye products include a range of chemicals, depending on the type and color. A common primary intermediate compound used to achieve the permanent effect of hair dye is para-phenylenediamine (PPD). 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) has reportedly been found as a trace contaminant (presumably from the para-phenylenediamine [PPD] ingredient) in consumer permanent hair dye. While several regulatory agencies have designated 4-ABP as a human bladder carcinogen based on evidence in humans and experimental animals, only the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) have established a cancer risk value for 4-ABP of 0.03 μg/day based on liver tumors developed in mice. A hypothetical dermal risk assessment was performed to estimate the bladder cancer risk associated with exposure to 4-ABP from personal use of permanent hair dye potentially containing incidental 4-ABP. Previously published laboratory analyses characterizing 4-ABP concentrations in consumer hair dyes indicate the concentrations can range from below the limit of detection to 8120 ppb. Precautionary estimates of human scalp surface area, maximum skin adherence, hair dye retention factor, and percent dermal absorption were used to estimate the daily systemic exposure doses (SEDs) from dermal application of hair dye. The estimated SEDs ranged from 0.05 to 3000 pg/day. A margin of safety (MOS) was calculated as the ratio of the NSRL to the SED and ranged from 10 to 570,000. The results of this study suggest that there is no indication of increased risk of bladder cancer in humans from exposure to 4-ABP in consumer hair dye, especially as it is extremely unlikely that a consumer would use permanent hair dye on a daily basis (as this assessment models).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlee L More
- Stantec (ChemRisk), 601 SW 2nd Ave Suite 1400, Portland, OR, 97204, USA.
| | - Ernest S Fung
- Stantec (ChemRisk), 65 Enterprise Drive Suite 150, Aliso Viejo, CA, 92656, USA
| | - Claire Mathis
- Stantec (ChemRisk), 2111 Wilson Blvd Suite 200, Arlington, VA, 22201, USA
| | - Alexandra M Schulte
- Stantec (ChemRisk), 65 Enterprise Drive Suite 150, Aliso Viejo, CA, 92656, USA
| | - Dana Hollins
- Stantec (ChemRisk), 235 Pine Street Suite 2300, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA
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10
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Khan S, Ali A, Moinuddin, Mir AR, Khan RH, Alhumaydhi FA, Habib S. 4-Chloro-orthophenylenediamine alters DNA integrity and affects cell survival: inferences from a computational, biophysical/biochemical, microscopic and cell-based study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:14176-14187. [PMID: 34762004 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2001376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious impact of toxic constituents of hair dyes over the human health has gained immense attention in the recent past. Their oncogenicity, mutagenicity, role in protein modification, impact on cellular metabolism has been documented. There is little information on the mechanism of reactivity of hair dye components with the nucleic acids and its implications. This work, therefore, uses computational, biophysical/biochemical, microscopic and cell-based study to analyze the interaction of monocyclic aromatic amine and a hair dye component, 4-chloro-orthophenylenediamine (4-Cl-OPD) with the DNA, its impact on DNA structure and cell survival. The results suggest that 4-Cl-OPD binds with the DNA in minor groove of the duplex involving three base pairs preferentially the G-C residues, induces strand breaks and makes DNA thermally labile through loss of hydrogen bonding/base unstacking. 4-Cl-OPD causes fragmentation of DNA, reduction in size of the molecule, alters B-DNA conformation and disrupts its secondary structure. The modified DNA gives fragmented appearance, shows broken strands and aggregation in ultra-structural analysis. 4-Cl-OPD induces ROS generation in lymphocytes, increases the comet's average tail length and reduces the viability of lymphocytes. This study forms a base for establishing the direct toxicity of 4-Cl-OPD at the molecular and cellular level through direct production of superoxide radicalCommunicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Moinuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Abdul Rouf Mir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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11
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Chang CJ, O’Brien KM, Keil AP, Gaston SA, Jackson CL, Sandler DP, White AJ. Response to Etminan. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 115:233-234. [PMID: 36534905 PMCID: PMC9905962 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jung Chang
- Epidemiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Katie M O’Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Alexander P Keil
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Symielle A Gaston
- Epidemiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Chandra L Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA,Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Correspondence to: Alexandra J. White, PhD, Epidemiology Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233, USA (e-mail: )
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12
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Llanos AAM, McDonald JA, Teteh DK, Bethea TN. Chemical Relaxers and Hair-Straightening Products: Potential Targets for Hormone-Related Cancer Prevention and Control. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1567-1569. [PMID: 36245085 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adana A M Llanos
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jasmine A McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dede K Teteh
- Department of Health Sciences, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Traci N Bethea
- Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities Research, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
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13
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Chang CJ, O’Brien KM, Keil AP, Gaston SA, Jackson CL, Sandler DP, White AJ. Use of Straighteners and Other Hair Products and Incident Uterine Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1636-1645. [PMID: 36245087 PMCID: PMC9949582 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair products may contain hazardous chemicals with endocrine-disrupting and carcinogenic properties. Previous studies have found hair product use to be associated with a higher risk of hormone-sensitive cancers including breast and ovarian cancer; however, to our knowledge, no previous study has investigated the relationship with uterine cancer. METHODS We examined associations between hair product use and incident uterine cancer among 33 947 Sister Study participants aged 35-74 years who had a uterus at enrollment (2003-2009). In baseline questionnaires, participants in this large, racially and ethnically diverse prospective cohort self-reported their use of hair products in the prior 12 months, including hair dyes; straighteners, relaxers, or pressing products; and permanents or body waves. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to quantify associations between hair product use and uterine cancer using Cox proportional hazard models. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS Over an average of 10.9 years of follow-up, 378 uterine cancer cases were identified. Ever vs never use of straightening products in the previous 12 months was associated with higher incident uterine cancer rates (HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.12 to 2.88). The association was stronger when comparing frequent use (>4 times in the past 12 months) vs never use (HR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.46 to 4.45; Ptrend = .002). Use of other hair products, including dyes and permanents or body waves, was not associated with incident uterine cancer. CONCLUSION These findings are the first epidemiologic evidence of association between use of straightening products and uterine cancer. More research is warranted to replicate our findings in other settings and to identify specific chemicals driving this observed association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jung Chang
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Katie M O’Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Alexander P Keil
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Symielle A Gaston
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Chandra L Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA,Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Correspondence to: Alexandra J. White, PhD, MSPH, Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233 USA (e-mail: )
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14
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He L, Michailidou F, Gahlon HL, Zeng W. Hair Dye Ingredients and Potential Health Risks from Exposure to Hair Dyeing. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:901-915. [PMID: 35666914 PMCID: PMC9214764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Given the worldwide popularity of hair dyeing, there is an urgent need to understand the toxicities and risks associated with exposure to chemicals found in hair dye formulations. Hair dyes are categorized as oxidative and nonoxidative in terms of their chemical composition and ingredients. For several decades, the expert panel's Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) has assessed the safety of many of the chemicals used in hair dyes; however, a comprehensive review of hair dye ingredients and the risk of exposure to hair dyeing has not been documented. Herein, we review the safety of the various chemicals in oxidative and nonoxidative hair dyes, toxicities associated with hair dyeing, and the carcinogenic risks related to hair dyeing. While many compounds are considered safe for users at the concentrations in hair dyes, there are conflicting data about a large number of hair dye formulations. The CIR expert panel has ratified a number of coloring ingredients for hair dyes and banned a series of chemicals as carcinogenic to animals and unsafe for this application. The use of these chemicals as raw materials for producing hair dyes may result in the synthesis of other contaminants with potential toxicities and increased risk of carcinogenesis. It is an open question whether personal or occupational hair dyeing increases the risk of cancer; however, in specific subpopulations, a positive association between hair dye use and cancer occurrence has been reported. To address this question, a better understanding of the chemical and mechanistic basis of the reported toxicities of hair dye mixtures and individual hair dye ingredients is needed. It is anticipated that in-depth chemical and systems toxicology studies harnessing modern and emerging techniques can shed light on this public health concern in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, SAR, China
| | - Freideriki Michailidou
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.,Collegium Helveticum, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) of the University of Zurich, ETH Zurich and Zurich University of the Arts, Schmelzbergstrasse 25, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hailey L Gahlon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Weibin Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
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15
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Rivera-Núñez Z, Ashrap P, Barrett ES, Llanos AAM, Watkins DJ, Cathey AL, Vélez-Vega CM, Rosario Z, Cordero JF, Alshawabkeh A, Meeker JD. Personal care products: Demographic characteristics and maternal hormones in pregnant women from Puerto Rico. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112376. [PMID: 34798118 PMCID: PMC8810700 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) refer to a wide variety of items commonly characterized as health or beauty products. PCPs contain a number of ingredients, often including a wide range of endocrine disrupting chemicals such as phthalates and parabens. The present study examines the association between self-reported PCP use and prenatal sex-steroids and thyroid hormones levels in women from Puerto Rico. We recruited pregnant women (n = 1070) through the Puerto Rico PROTECT Cohort and collected blood, demographic and pregnancy-related data at recruitment and subsequent visits. PCP use in the 48-h preceding the blood sample was collected through self-reported questionnaires. Nine hormones (corticotropin-releasing hormone [CRH], sex-hormone binding globulin [SHBG], estriol [E3], progesterone, testosterone, thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], total triiodothyronine [T3], total thyroxine [T4], and free thyroxine [fT4]) were measured in maternal serum samples at two points during pregnancy. Linear mixed models with random intercepts were used to examine associations between PCP use and serum hormone levels. Use of cosmetics significantly increased with age, household income and education level (p < 0.01). Use of hair products, such as hair dyes and bleach, relaxers, and mousse, was associated with lower levels of all sex steroid hormones compared to non-use: SHBG (%Δ = -7.1, 95%CI: -12.4,-1.8), E3 (%Δ = -23.2, 95%CI: -32.2,-13.0), progesterone (%Δ = -21.5, 95%CI: -29.4,-12.9) and testosterone (%Δ = -21.5, 95%CI: -33.1,-7.8) adjusted for maternal age, education and pre-pregnancy body mass index. Our findings suggest that household income and education level influence PCP use among pregnant women in this study. Use of certain hair products was associated with lower concentrations of sex steroid hormones. Although there are limitations to questionnaire data, characterizing PCP use is inexpensive and may represent exposure from multiple classes of chemicals, including chemicals that may not specifically appear on product labels and/or have not been tested for endocrine disrupting potential, making it a useful complement to chemical biomarker data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorimar Rivera-Núñez
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Pahriya Ashrap
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Adana A M Llanos
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amber L Cathey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carmen M Vélez-Vega
- Graduate Program of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico, UPR Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Zaira Rosario
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - José F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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16
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The Importance of Addressing Early-Life Environmental Exposures in Cancer Epidemiology. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2022; 9:49-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s40471-022-00289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Brooks JK, Franco A, Thompson RB, Biederman DE, Kumar V, Michel SLJ, Pritts Bs JD, Frederickson CJ, Bashirelahi N, Price JB. Radiographic presentation of artifactual dyed hair on lateral cephalograms, chemical processing, and forensic application: Novel case report. J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:1274-1279. [PMID: 35023580 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Forensic assessment employs an array of methods to identify human remains. Radiologic examinations with panoramic radiographs, computed tomography scans, Waters view, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging may offer evidentiary clues in challenging cases, such as mass disasters. In these cases, alternative forensic tools are used to narrow lists of target victims using their biological features. This study aims to I) report on the unusual radiographic aspect of chemicals used for hair dyeing, and II) discuss the potential forensic application of this finding for human identification. The case depicts an asymptomatic 14-years-old female who presented for orthodontic therapy. During radiographic examination on a lateral cephalogram, numerous thin radiopaque streaks were visible, extending to the posterior neck between the occipital region of the skull base and vertebra C6. Clinical investigations revealed that these were artifactual hair images (possibly documented for the first time in the scientific literature). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis of the patient's scalp hair was performed for 10 heavy metals, including zinc, copper, iron, chromium, nickel, cadmium, tin, lead, antimony, and bismuth. Eight of these metals were detected at normal levels, ranging from 160 parts per million (ppm) for zinc to less than 1 ppm for nickel, cadmium, tin, lead, and antimony. Conversely, slightly elevated levels of chromium at 0.41 ppm and bismuth at 0.025 ppm were found in the hair sample. The distinctive radiographic presentation of artifactual hair images combined with the chemical properties of hair exposed to dye products may provide useful traces for human identification, especially in mass disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Brooks
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ademir Franco
- Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Richard B Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Vandana Kumar
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, USA
| | - Sarah L J Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Associate Dean for Graduate Programs, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jordan D Pritts Bs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Nasir Bashirelahi
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jeffery B Price
- Director of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, USA
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18
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Rao R, McDonald JA, Barrett ES, Greenberg P, Teteh DK, Montgomery SB, Qin B, Lin Y, Hong CC, Ambrosone CB, Demissie K, Bandera EV, Llanos AAM. Associations of hair dye and relaxer use with breast tumor clinicopathologic features: Findings from the Women's circle of Health Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111863. [PMID: 34390715 PMCID: PMC8616798 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Building upon our earlier findings of significant associations between hair dye and relaxer use with increased breast cancer risk, we evaluated associations of select characteristics of use with breast tumor clinicopathology. METHODS Using multivariable-adjusted models we examined the associations of interest in a case-only study of 2998 women with breast cancer, overall and stratified by race and estrogen receptor (ER) status, addressing multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Compared to salon application of permanent hair dye, home kit and combination application (both salon and home kit application) were associated with increased odds of poorly differentiated tumors in the overall sample. This association was consistent among Black (home kit: OR 2.22, 95 % CI: 1.21-5.00; combination: OR 2.46, 95 % CI: 1.21-5.00), but not White women, and among ER+ (home kit: OR 1.47, 95 % CI: 0.82-2.63; combination: OR 2.98, 95 % CI: 1.62-5.49) but not ER-cases. Combination application of relaxers was associated with increased odds of tumors >2.0 cm vs. <1.0 cm (OR = 1.82, 95 % CI: 1.23-2.69). Longer duration and earlier use of relaxers and combination application of permanent hair dyes and relaxers were associated with breast tumor features including higher tumor grade and larger tumor size, which often denote more aggressive phenotypes, although the findings did not maintain significance with Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS These novel data support reported associations between hair dye and relaxer use with breast cancer, showing for the first time, associations with breast tumor clinicopathologic features. Improved hair product exposure measurement is essential for fully understanding the impact of these environmental exposure with breast cancer and to guide risk reduction strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Rao
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jasmine A McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Patricia Greenberg
- Rutgers University Biostatics & Epidemiology Services (RUBIES), Rutgers School of Public Health and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Dede K Teteh
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Susanne B Montgomery
- Behavioral Health Institute, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Bo Qin
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Chi-Chen Hong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kitaw Demissie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University School of Public Health, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Adana A M Llanos
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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19
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White AJ, Sandler DP, Gaston SA, Jackson CL, O’Brien KM. Use of hair products in relation to ovarian cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1189-1195. [PMID: 34173819 PMCID: PMC8561257 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether hair products, which may contain carcinogens and endocrine disruptors that can be absorbed into the bloodstream, are related to ovarian cancer incidence in a prospective cohort. After excluding women with a history of ovarian cancer or bilateral oophorectomy, 40 559 Sister Study participants ages 35-74 at enrollment (2003-2009) were included. Participants completed questionnaires on hair product use, including hair dyes, straighteners/relaxers and permanents/body waves, in the past 12 months. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between hair products and incident ovarian cancer. We assessed associations stratified by tumor type (serous, non-serous). Over a mean follow-up of 10 years, 241 women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Ever use of any of the examined hair products during the past year was not associated with ovarian cancer risk. However, frequent use (>4 times/year) of straighteners/relaxers or pressing products in the past year was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer (HR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.12-4.27). Ever use of permanent hair dye was positively associated with non-serous (HR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.12-3.37), but inversely associated with serous (HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.99) tumors (p-for-heterogeneity = 0.002). Our novel findings suggest that frequent use of hair straighteners/relaxers or pressing products, which are primarily used by African American/Black women, and possibly permanent hair dye, may be associated with the occurrence of ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Symielle A Gaston
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chandra L Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
- Intramural Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katie M O’Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
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20
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Coogan PF, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Cozier YC, Lenzy YM, Bertrand KA. Hair product use and breast cancer incidence in the Black Women's Health Study. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:924-930. [PMID: 34013957 PMCID: PMC8496025 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair relaxers and leave-in conditioners and oils, commonly used by Black/African American women, may contain estrogens or estrogen-disrupting compounds. Thus, their use may contribute to breast cancer risk. Results of the few previous studies on this topic are inconsistent. We assessed the relation of hair relaxer and leave-in conditioner use to breast cancer incidence in the Black Women's Health Study, a nationwide prospective study of Black women. Among 50 543 women followed from 1997 to 2017, 2311 incident breast cancers occurred. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression for breast cancer overall and by estrogen receptor (ER) status. For heavy use (≥15 years of use for ≥7 times/year) of hair relaxers relative to never/light use (<4 years, no more than 1-2 times/year), the multivariable HR for breast cancer overall was 1.13 (95%CI: 0.96-1.33). Duration, frequency, age at first use and number of scalp burns were not associated with overall breast cancer risk. For heavy use of hair relaxers containing lye, the corresponding HR for ER+ breast cancer was 1.32 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.80); there was no association for non-lye products. There was no association of conditioner use and breast cancer. Results of this study were largely null, but there was some evidence that heavy use of lye-containing hair relaxers may be associated with increased risk of ER+ breast cancer. Consistent results from several studies are needed before it can be concluded that use of certain hair relaxers impacts breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia F Coogan
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston
University, Boston, MA, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +001 617 206
6180; Fax: +001 617 738 5119;
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston
University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston
University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yvette C Cozier
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston
University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yolanda M Lenzy
- Lenzy Dermatology and Hair Loss Center,
Chicopee, MA, USA,UConn Health Dermatology,
Farmington, CT, USA
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