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Bitaraf Sani M, Karimi O, Burger PA, Javanmard A, Roudbari Z, Mohajer M, Asadzadeh N, Zareh Harofteh J, Kazemi A, Naderi AS. A genome-wide association study of morphometric traits in dromedaries. Vet Med Sci 2023. [PMID: 37139670 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating genomic regions associated with morphometric traits in camels is valuable, because it allows a better understanding of adaptive and productive features to implement a sustainable management and a customised breeding program for dromedaries. OBJECTIVES With a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 96 Iranian dromedaries phenotyped for 12 morphometric traits and genotyped-by-sequencing (GBS) with 14,522 SNPs, we aimed at identifying associated candidate genes. METHODS The association between SNPs and morphometric traits was investigated using a linear mixed model with principal component analysis (PCA) and kinship matrix. RESULTS With this approach, we detected 59 SNPs located in 37 candidate genes potentially associated to morphometric traits in dromedaries. The top associated SNPs were related to pin width, whither to pin length, height at whither, muzzle girth, and tail length. Interestingly, the results highlight the association between whither height, muzzle circumference, tail length, whither to pin length. The identified candidate genes were associated with growth, body size, and immune system in other species. CONCLUSIONS We identified three key hub genes in the gene network analysis including ACTB, SOCS1 and ARFGEF1. In the central position of gene network, ACTB was detected as the most important gene related to muscle function. With this initial GWAS using GBS on dromedary camels for morphometric traits, we show that this SNP panel can be effective for genetic evaluation of growth in dromedaries. However, we suggest a higher-density SNP array may greatly improve the reliability of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Bitaraf Sani
- Animal Science Research Department, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran
| | - Omid Karimi
- Department of Animal Viral Diseases Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Pamela Anna Burger
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arash Javanmard
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Roudbari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mokhtar Mohajer
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Nader Asadzadeh
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Javad Zareh Harofteh
- Animal Science Research Department, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Kazemi
- Animal Breeding Canter of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Shafei Naderi
- Animal Science Research Department, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran
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2
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Yablonka-Reuveni Z, Stockdale F, Nudel U, Israeli D, Blau HM, Shainberg A, Neuman S, Kessler-Icekson G, Krull EM, Paterson B, Fuchs OS, Greenberg D, Sarig R, Halevy O, Ozawa E, Katcoff DJ. Farewell to Professor David Yaffe - A pillar of the myogenesis field. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30:9306. [PMID: 33117511 PMCID: PMC7582454 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2020.9306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is with great sadness that we have learned about the passing of Professor David Yaffe (1929-2020, Israel). Yehi Zichro Baruch - May his memory be a blessing. David was a man of family, science and nature. A native of Israel, David grew up in the historic years that preceded the birth of the State of Israel. He was a member of the group that established Kibbutz Revivim in the Negev desert, and in 1948 participated in Israel's War of Independence. David and Ruth eventually joined Kibbutz Givat Brenner by Rehovot, permitting David to be both a kibbutz member and a life-long researcher at the Weizmann Institute of Science, where David received his PhD in 1959. David returned to the Institute after his postdoc at Stanford. Here, after several years of researching a number of tissues as models for studying the process of differentiation, David entered the myogenesis field and stayed with it to his last day. With his dedication to the field of myogenesis and his commitment to furthering the understanding of the People and the Land of Israel throughout the international scientific community, David organized the first ever myogenesis meeting that took place in Shoresh, Israel in 1975. This was followed by the 1980 myogenesis meeting at the same place and many more outstanding meetings, all of which brought together myogenesis, nature and scenery. Herein, through the preparation and publication of this current manuscript, we are meeting once again at a "David Yaffe myogenesis meeting". Some of us have been members of the Yaffe lab, some of us have known David as his national and international colleagues in the myology field. One of our contributors has also known (and communicates here) about David Yaffe's earlier years as a kibbutznick in the Negev. Our collective reflections are a tribute to Professor David Yaffe. We are fortunate that the European Journal of Translational Myology has provided us with tremendous input and a platform for holding this 2020 distance meeting "Farwell to Professor David Yaffe - A Pillar of the Myogenesis Field".
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Uri Nudel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Helen M. Blau
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Sciences Research Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Asher Shainberg
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Gania Kessler-Icekson
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Bruce Paterson
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - David Greenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Sarig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orna Halevy
- Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eijiro Ozawa
- National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Don J. Katcoff
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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3
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The Cytoskeleton as a Target in Cell Toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-2558(08)60273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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4
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Davey HW, Wildeman AG. Molecular analysis of bovine actin gene and pseudogene sequences: expression of nonmuscle and striated muscle isoforms in adult tissues. DNA Cell Biol 1995; 14:555-63. [PMID: 7598810 DOI: 10.1089/dna.1995.14.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies on the tissue distribution of actin isoform transcripts have been done in small mammals such as rat and mouse. We have begun a characterization of the actin gene family in a large mammal, the bovine. The alpha skeletal gene was isolated, and an isoform-specific probe to the 3' untranslated region of the transcript identified. This probe, in combination with isoform specific probes for alpha cardiac, beta nonmuscle, and gamma nonmuscle actins, was used to examine expression of nonmuscle and striated muscle actin gene transcription in different tissues. In contrast to other species so far examined, striated muscle isoforms were more strictly tissue specific, with virtually no alpha cardiac isoform transcripts detected in skeletal muscle and almost no alpha skeletal transcripts in cardiac tissue. The distribution of the beta and gamma nonmuscle actins was also unique in bovine compared to other species. A partial beta-actin pseudogene, and the chromosomal DNA flanking one end of it, were also cloned and sequenced. This chromosomal site was found to be homologous to a viral integration site previously identified in simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed rat cells, suggesting that this region of the chromosome may be a preferred target for insertion events.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Davey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Alonso S, Montagutelli X, Simon-Chazottes D, Guénet JL, Buckingham M. Re-localization of Actsk-1 to mouse chromosome 8, a new region of homology with human chromosome 1. Mamm Genome 1993; 4:15-20. [PMID: 8422497 DOI: 10.1007/bf00364657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We present here the genetic mapping of the alpha-skeletal actin locus (Actsk-1) on mouse Chromosome (Chr) 8, on the basis of the PCR analysis of a microsatellite in an interspecific backcross. Linkage and genetic distances were established for four loci by analysis of 192 (or 222) meiotic events and indicated the following gene order: (centromere)-Es-1-11.7 cM-Tat-8.3 cM-Actsk-1-0.5 cM-Aprt. Mapping of ACTSK to human Chr 1 and of TAT and APRT to human Chr 16 demonstrates the existence of a new short region of homology between mouse Chr 8 and human Chr 1. Intermingling on this scale between human and mouse chromosomal homologies that occurred during evolution creates disorders in comparative linkage studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alonso
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire du Développement, URA 1148, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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6
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Nadeau JH, Davisson MT, Doolittle DP, Grant P, Hillyard AL, Kosowsky MR, Roderick TH. Comparative map for mice and humans. Mamm Genome 1992; 3:480-536. [PMID: 1392257 DOI: 10.1007/bf00778825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Nadeau
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609
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7
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0618
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9
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Van Keuren ML, Iacob RA, Kurnit DM. Analysis of proteins synthesized by 9.5 day mouse embryos: determination of cardiac and noncardiac proteins. Mol Reprod Dev 1991; 29:145-9. [PMID: 1831624 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1080290209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To catalog polypeptides that were specific to developing hearts, we separated 35S-methionine-labeled 9.5 day mouse embryos into cardiac and noncardiac (carcass) components. Two-dimensional gels were then used to analyze the polypeptides synthesized in these two fractions. As a result, we were able to distinguish polypeptides that were specific to or increased in the heart as well as those polypeptides that were specific to or increased in the embryo minus the dissected heart. Using this analysis, there were two polypeptides that were cardiac-specific and 17 that were expressed at increased levels by at least twofold in the heart. The cardiac-specific polypeptides may be used in further studies to identify early cardiac tissue. Conversely, there were 26 polypeptides unique to noncardiac structures and an additional 15 that were increased in the carcass more than twofold relative to the heart. The noncardiac-specific polypeptides may be used to define contamination of putative cardiac tissue with noncardiac material. Two of the polypeptides expressed more abundantly in the carcass appeared to correspond to known proteins in the mouse fibroblast database, cyclin and tropomyosin 4. Thus the heart at 9.5 days of murine development can be distinguished readily from the remainder of the embryonic mouse both macroscopically and on two-dimensional gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Van Keuren
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor 48109-0650
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Kozak
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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11
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Nadeau JH, Davisson MT, Doolittle DP, Grant P, Hillyard AL, Kosowsky M, Roderick TH. Comparative map for mice and humans. Mamm Genome 1991; 1 Spec No:S461-515. [PMID: 1799811 DOI: 10.1007/bf00656504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Nadeau
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
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12
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Maps of mouse chromosome 17: first report. Committee for Mouse Chromosome 17. Mamm Genome 1991; 1:5-29. [PMID: 1794045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Nadeau
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0618
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16
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Einat P, Shani M, Yaffe D. The amount of the endogenous and exogenous skeletal muscle actin mRNA in the heart of transgenic mice is affected by the genotype of the cardiac actin gene. Differentiation 1990; 44:36-41. [PMID: 1701405 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1990.tb00534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Both skeletal muscle and cardiac actins are co-expressed in the newborn heart. However, the amount of the skeletal muscle actin and its mRNA rapidly decreases during early development and the cardiac actin predominates in the adult heart. In BALB/c and DBA mice there is a mutation in the cardiac actin gene which is associated with decreased levels of cardiac actin mRNA and high levels of the skeletal muscle actin transcript in the adult heart. To examine the possibility that the amount of cardiac actin gene product modulates the expression of the skeletal muscle actin gene in the heart, transgenic mice carrying a tagged skeletal muscle actin gene were produced, and the expression of the endogenous and endogenous and exogenous actin gene was analyzed in offspring carrying different combinations of the cardiac actin alleles. It was found that both the endogenous and exogenous skeletal muscle actin genes were expressed at low levels in the heart of adult mice homozygous for the wild-type cardiac actin gene allele, at abnormally high levels in mice homozygous for the mutated cardiac actin allele, and at intermediate levels in heterozygous mice. This shows that the level of expression of the cardiac actin gene has a trans effect on the expression of the skeletal muscle actin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Einat
- Department of Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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17
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Bessis A, Simon-Chazottes D, Devillers-Thiéry A, Guénet JL, Changeux JP. Chromosomal localization of the mouse genes coding for alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. FEBS Lett 1990; 264:48-52. [PMID: 2338144 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)80761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The chromosomal localization of four neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes was performed by following the mendelian segregation of their corresponding alleles in backcrosses involving the mouse species Mus spretus and the laboratory strains C57BL/6 or BALB/c. A similar analysis previously performed with muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits revealed that the genes coding for the alpha and beta subunits are respectively located on chromosome 2 and 11, whereas the gamma and delta subunit coding genes are linked and located on mouse chromosome 1. In this study, we show that the genes coding for the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 2, alpha 3 and beta 2 subunits are dispersed on three different mouse chromosomes, viz. 14, 9 and 3 respectively. Moreover, the alpha 4 subunit gene is located on chromosome 2 but is not genetically linked to the alpha 1 subunit gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bessis
- UA CNRS D1284, Département des Biotechnologies, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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18
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Kim E, Kwon YK, Trasler JM, Kozak CA, Hecht NB. The mouse smooth muscle gamma actin gene is on chromosome 6. SOMATIC CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 1990; 16:287-91. [PMID: 2360094 DOI: 10.1007/bf01233365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle gamma actin (Actg) is expressed in smooth muscle and in haploid male germ cells. In order to further characterize the Actg gene, a 60-nucleotide-long isotype-specific probe was synthesized. Single bands of DNA were detected when this oligonucleotide was used to probe blots of mouse genomic DNA digested with PstI, EcoRI, KpnI, or XbaI. These results suggest Actg is a single-copy gene with no detectable pseudogenes. The Actg gene was mapped to mouse chromosome 6 by Southern blot analysis of DNA isolated from 15 mouse-hamster hybrid cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kim
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155
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19
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Siracusa LD, Silan CM, Justice MJ, Mercer JA, Bauskin AR, Ben-Neriah Y, Duboule D, Hastie ND, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA. A molecular genetic linkage map of mouse chromosome 2. Genomics 1990; 6:491-504. [PMID: 1970329 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90479-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interspecific backcross mice were used to create a molecular genetic linkage map of chromosome 2. Genomic DNAs from N2 progeny were subjected to Southern blot analysis using molecular probes that identified the Abl, Acra, Ass, C5, Cas-1, Fshb, Gcg, Hox-5.1, Jgf-1, Kras-3, Ltk, Pax-1, Prn-p, and Spna-2 loci; these loci were added to the 11 loci previously mapped to the distal region of chromosome 2 in the same interspecific backcross to generate a composite multilocus linkage map. Several loci mapped near, and may be the same as, known mutations. Comparisons between the mouse and the human genomes indicate that mouse chromosome 2 contains regions homologous to at least six human chromosomes. Mouse models for human diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Siracusa
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research Facility, Maryland 21701
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20
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Alonso S, Garner I, Vandekerckhove J, Buckingham M. Genetic analysis of the interaction between cardiac and skeletal actin gene expression in striated muscle of the mouse. J Mol Biol 1990; 211:727-38. [PMID: 1690302 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(90)90073-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The two sarcomeric actin genes, encoding alpha-cardiac and alpha-skeletal actins, are co-expressed in striated muscle, but in the adult the respective isoform predominates in cardiac or skeletal muscle of the normal mouse. We have investigated the interaction between this gene pair in different genetic contexts. Northern blot analysis of alpha-actin mRNA levels in different inbred mice (129/SJ, C3H, C57BL/6) demonstrates variation of as much as threefold in skeletal muscle and eightfold in cardiac muscle. High or low-level expression is seen for both skeletal and cardiac muscle in a given line, suggesting common regulatory phenomena affecting the abundant alpha-skeletal or alpha-cardiac transcript. In the BALB/c mouse, which has a mutant cardiac actin locus, skeletal as well as cardiac actin mRNA and protein accumulate in the adult heart. We have analysed the role of the two alpha-actin genes in this phenomenon in seven recombinant inbred mouse lines (BALB/c x C57BL/6) and in a cross (BALB/c x C3H). The results demonstrate that neither alpha-actin gene alone is sufficient, and implicate other regulatory loci. DNA sequencing of the C3H and BALB/c alpha-skeletal actin gene promoters shows that they are virtually identical over 830 nucleotides. The relative levels of alpha-skeletal and alpha-cardiac actin proteins have been measured by N-terminal peptide analysis in the different mouse lines. The results point to regulatory loci affecting mRNA utilization and protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alonso
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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21
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Ceci JD, Justice MJ, Lock LF, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG. An interspecific backcross linkage map of mouse chromosome 8. Genomics 1990; 6:72-9. [PMID: 1968046 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have established a 67-cM molecular genetic linkage map of mouse chromosome 8 by interspecific backcross analysis. Genes that were mapped in this study include Act-6, Aprt, Aprt-ps1, Emv-2, Es-N, Hp, Insr, Mt-1, Plat, Psx-8, Ucp, and Zfp-4. New regions of homology were established between mouse chromosome 8 and human chromosomes 8 and 19. A conserved linkage group was identified between mouse chromosome 8 and human chromosome 16. The map will be useful for establishing linkage of other markers to mouse chromosome 8.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Southern
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Crosses, Genetic
- DNA Probes
- Genetic Linkage
- Humans
- Mice/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Ceci
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research Facility, Maryland 21701
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22
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Garner I, Sassoon D, Vandekerckhove J, Alonso S, Buckingham ME. A developmental study of the abnormal expression of alpha-cardiac and alpha-skeletal actins in the striated muscle of a mutant mouse. Dev Biol 1989; 134:236-45. [PMID: 2731651 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(89)90093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BALB/c mice possess a 5' duplication of the alpha-cardiac actin gene which is associated with abnormal levels of alpha-cardiac and alpha-skeletal actin mRNAs in adult cardiac tissue. This mutation therefore provides a potential tool for the study of the inter-relationship between the striated muscle actins. We have examined the expression of this actin gene pair throughout the development of skeletal and cardiac muscle in BALB/c mice. During embryonic and fetal development, the expression of these two genes is indistinguishable from that in normal mice, as determined by in situ hybridization. A quantitative postnatal study demonstrates that in the hearts of normal mice the level of alpha-cardiac actin mRNA declines, whereas that of alpha-skeletal actin increases. In mutant mice, these trends are exaggerated so that whereas normal mice have 95.8% alpha-cardiac mRNA and 4.2% alpha-skeletal mRNA in the adult heart, BALB/c mice have 52.4 and 47.6% of these mRNAs, respectively. This difference is also reflected at the protein level. In developing skeletal muscle, the expression of these genes follows kinetics similar to that observed in the heart with a decrease in the relative level of alpha-cardiac mRNA as the muscle matures. Cardiac actin mRNA levels are again lower in the mutant mouse, but here the effect is less striking because skeletal actin is the predominant isoform. These results are discussed in the context of the interaction between this actin gene pair in developing and adult striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Garner
- Delta Biotechnology Ltd., Castle Court, Nottingham, Great Britain
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23
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Crosby JL, Phillips SJ, Nadeau JH. The cardiac actin locus (Actc-1) is not on mouse chromosome 17 but is linked to beta 2-microglobulin on chromosome 2. Genomics 1989; 5:19-23. [PMID: 2570027 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(89)90081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A restriction fragment variant and recombinant inbred strains were used to show that the cardiac actin locus (Actc-1) is closely linked to beta 2-microglobulin (B2m) and several other loci on chromosome 2 of the mouse. Close linkage of Actc-1 and B2m in both man and mouse provides another example of a chromosomal segment that has been conserved since the divergence of the lineages leading to these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Crosby
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609
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24
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Laufer R, Changeux JP. Activity-dependent regulation of gene expression in muscle and neuronal cells. Mol Neurobiol 1989; 3:1-53. [PMID: 2679765 DOI: 10.1007/bf02935587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In both the central and the peripheral nervous systems, impulse activity regulates the expression of a vast number of genes that code for synaptic proteins, including neuropeptides, enzymes involved in neurotransmitter biosynthesis and degradation, and membrane receptors. In recent years, the mechanisms involved in these regulations became amenable to investigation by the methods of recombinant DNA technology. The first part of this review focuses on the activity-dependent control of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor biosynthesis in vertebrate muscle, a model case for the regulation of synaptic protein biosynthesis at the postsynaptic level. The second part summarizes some examples of neuronal proteins whose biosynthesis is under the control of transsynaptic impulse activity. The first, second, and third intracellular messengers involved in membrane-to-gene signaling are discussed, as are possible posttranscriptional control mechanisms. Finally, models are proposed for a role of neuronal activity in the genesis and stabilization of the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Laufer
- URA, CNRS 0210 Département des Biotechnologies, Institut PASTEUR, Paris, France
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25
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McLean M, Baird WV, Gerats AG, Meagher RB. Determination of copy number and linkage relationships among five actin gene subfamilies in Petunia hybrida. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1988; 11:663-672. [PMID: 24272500 DOI: 10.1007/bf00017466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/1988] [Accepted: 08/25/1988] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The actin gene superfamily of Petunia hybrida cv. Mitchell contains greater than 100 gene members which have been divided into several highly divergent subfamilies [1]. Five subfamily-specific probes have been used to compare the actin genes among the Mitchell, Violet 23 (V23) and Red 51 (R51) cultivars of P. hybrida. The sum total of actin genes in these five subfamilies was estimated to be between 10 and 34 members in both V23 and R51. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) between V23 and R51 were examined with these five probes and eleven different restriction endonucleases. Among the 55 comparisons, 87% exhibited RFLPs. These data indicate extreme divergence between V23 and R51 in DNA sequence and/or the presence of small insertions and deletions surrounding these actin gene subfamilies. This divergence suggests that V23 and R51, which have contrasting phenotypic marker loci on every chromosome, may be useful for the development of a complete RFLP linkage map of the Petunia genome. The segregation of Hind III RFLPs among the progeny of two backcrosses demonstrated that representatives of the five subfamilies of Petunia actin genes exist at four distinct genetic locations and suggested that two of these loci are tightly linked. Apparently, amplification of the numerous members of the Petunia actin gene superfamily occurred via gene dispersal of the original subfamily progenitors and not primarily as a result of amplification of a single chromosomal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McLean
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alonso
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Abstract
Data on loci whose positions are known in both man and mouse are presented in the form of chromosomal displays, a table, and autosomal and X-chromosomal grids. At least 40 conserved autosomal segments with two or more loci, as well as 17 homologous X-linked loci, are now known in the two species, in which mitochondrial DNA is also highly conserved. Apart from the Y, the only chromosome now lacking a conserved group is human 13. Human 17 has a single conserved group which includes both short and long arms, and so may have remained largely intact in mammalian evolution. Human and mouse chromosomal maps show the approximate locations of homologous genes while the mouse map also shows the positions of translocations used in gene location.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Searle
- Medical Research Council, Radiobiology Unit, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
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Heidmann O, Buonanno A, Geoffroy B, Robert B, Guénet JL, Merlie JP, Changeux JP. Chromosomal localization of muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes in the mouse. Science 1986; 234:866-8. [PMID: 3022377 DOI: 10.1126/science.3022377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The chromosomal localization of the genes encoding the four subunits of muscle nicotinic receptor was determined by analyzing restriction fragment length polymorphisms between two mouse species Mus musculus domesticus (DBA/2) and Mus spretus (SPE). Analysis of the progeny of the interspecies mouse backcross (DBA/2 X SPE) X DBA/2 showed that the alpha-subunit gene cosegregates with the alpha-cardiac actin gene on chromosome 17, that the beta-subunit gene is located on chromosome 11, and that the gamma- and delta-subunit genes cosegregate and are located on chromosome 1.
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Alonso S, Minty A, Bourlet Y, Buckingham M. Comparison of three actin-coding sequences in the mouse; evolutionary relationships between the actin genes of warm-blooded vertebrates. J Mol Evol 1986; 23:11-22. [PMID: 3084797 DOI: 10.1007/bf02100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the sequences of three recombinant cDNAs complementary to different mouse actin mRNAs that contain more than 90% of the coding sequences and complete or partial 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs): pAM 91, complementary to the actin mRNA expressed in adult skeletal muscle (alpha sk actin); pAF 81, complementary to an actin mRNA that is accumulated in fetal skeletal muscle and is the major transcript in adult cardiac muscle (alpha c actin); and pAL 41, identified as complementary to a beta nonmuscle actin mRNA on the basis of its 3'UTR sequence. As in other species, the protein sequences of these isoforms are highly (greater than 93%) conserved, but the three mRNAs show significant divergence (13.8-16.5%) at silent nucleotide positions in their coding regions. A nucleotide region located toward the 5' end shows significantly less divergence (5.6-8.7%) among the three mouse actin mRNAs; a second region, near the 3' end, also shows less divergence (6.9%), in this case between the mouse beta and alpha sk actin mRNAs. We propose that recombinational events between actin sequences may have homogenized these regions. Such events distort the calculated evolutionary distances between sequences within a species. Codon usage in the three actin mRNAs is clearly different, and indicates that there is no strict relation between the tissue type, and hence the tRNA precursor pool, and codon usage in these and other muscle mRNAs examined. Analysis of codon usage in these coding sequences in different vertebrate species indicates two tendencies: increases in bias toward the use of G and C in the third codon position in paralogous comparisons (in the order alpha c less than beta less than alpha sk), and in orthologous comparisons (in the order chicken less than rodent less than man). Comparison of actin-coding sequences between species was carried out using the Perler method of analysis. As one moves backward in time, changes at silent sites first accumulate rapidly, then begin to saturate after -(30-40) million years (MY), and actually decrease between -400 and -500 MY. Replacements or silent substitutions therefore cannot be used as evolutionary clocks for these sequences over long periods. Other phenomena, such as gene conversion or isochore compartmentalization, probably distort the estimated divergence time.
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Czosnek H, Barker PE, Ruddle FH, Robert B. Chromosomal distribution of genes coding for fast twitch skeletal muscle myosin light chains. SOMATIC CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 1985; 11:533-40. [PMID: 3865381 DOI: 10.1007/bf01534719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mouse fast twitch skeletal muscle myosin light chains are encoded by a multigene family which comprises the gene coding for the myosin light chain 2 (Myl2f), and the gene coding for both myosin light chains 1 and 3 (Myl1f/Myl3f). In addition, a Myl1f/Myl3f-related pseudogene is present in the domestic mouse Mus musculus. The members of this gene family were assigned to chromosomes by molecular hybridization, using DNA extracted from a panel of cloned mouse-Chinese hamster somatic hybrid cells and specific DNA probes. The genes coding for the light chains of the myosin molecule are dispersed on several chromosomes, while genes coding for the heavy chain of myosin are located on a single, different chromosome.
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Robert B, Barton P, Minty A, Daubas P, Weydert A, Bonhomme F, Catalan J, Chazottes D, Guénet JL, Buckingham M. Investigation of genetic linkage between myosin and actin genes using an interspecific mouse back-cross. Nature 1985; 314:181-3. [PMID: 2983233 DOI: 10.1038/314181a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of cloned probes to follow the segregation of DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) has led to a revival of mendelian genetics in attempts to map the human genome. In the mouse, however, it has often proved difficult to detect an RFLP with a DNA probe between different inbred strains of the laboratory mouse. To circumvent this problem, we have used two species, Mus musculus domesticus and Mus spretus which interact as sympatric species but can be interbred under laboratory conditions. Because of the relative evolutionary distance between these species, they exhibit polymorphism at many more loci than do different strains of the usual M. m. domesticus laboratory mouse. This is also observed at the DNA level when the sizes of restriction fragments encoding a specific gene are compared. We have used these RFLPs between M. m. domesticus and M. spretus to follow the segregation of genes encoding different isoforms of myosin alkali light chains in the backcross progeny between these species and to compare this with that of other contractile protein genes. No linkage between these genes was observed.
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Leinwand LA, Fournier RE, Nadal-Ginard B, Shows TB. Multigene family for sarcomeric myosin heavy chain in mouse and human DNA: localization on a single chromosome. Science 1983; 221:766-9. [PMID: 6879174 DOI: 10.1126/science.6879174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cloned myosin heavy chain DNA probes from rat and human were hybridized to restriction endonuclease digests of genomic DNA from somatic cell hybrids and their parental cells. The mouse myosin heavy chain genes detectable by this assay were located on chromosome 11, and three different human sarcomeric myosin heavy chain genes were mapped to the short arm of chromosome 17. A synteny between myosin heavy chain and two unrelated markers, thymidine kinase and galactokinase, was found to be preserved in the rodent and human genomes.
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