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Yudaev P, Konstantinova A, Volkov V, Chistyakov E. Hexakis-2-(β-carboxyethenylphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene: Synthesis, Properties, Modeling Structure. Molecules 2023; 28:6571. [PMID: 37764347 PMCID: PMC10534807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Condensation of hexakis-2-(formylphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene with malonic acid yielded hexakis-2-(β-carboxyethenylphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (2-CEPP), whose structure was confirmed by 31P, 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A quantum-chemical calculation for the 2-CEPP molecule using the ab initio methods in the 6-311G** basis set and the DFT-PBE0/6-311g** method was performed with geometry optimization of all parameters by the standard gradient method. The acid strength of 2-CEPP was theoretically estimated. Using the small-angle X-ray scattering method, it was found that 2-CEPP is an amorphous substance, which, when heated, can transform into a crystalline state. However, when heated at 370 °C, 2-CEPP undergoes decarboxylation and polymerization to form an insoluble heat-resistant product. The occurrence of decarboxylation and polymerization reactions in the formed styrene fragments was confirmed by thermal (differential-scanning calorimetry) and spectral (solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Yudaev
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Konstantinova
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Volkov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Chistyakov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Subash A, Basanth A, Kandasubramanian B. Biodegradable polyphosphazene – hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue engineering. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2082426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alsha Subash
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nano Surface Texturing Laboratory, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abina Basanth
- Biopolymer Science, CIPET: Institute of Plastics Technology (IPT), Kochi, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nano Surface Texturing Laboratory, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Birajdar MS, Joo H, Koh WG, Park H. Natural bio-based monomers for biomedical applications: a review. Biomater Res 2021; 25:8. [PMID: 33795019 PMCID: PMC8015023 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, synthetic and semi-synthetic polymer materials have been widely used in various applications. Especially concerning biomedical applications, their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity have increased the interest of researchers to discover and develop new products for the well-being of humanity. Among the synthetic and semi-synthetic materials, the use of natural bio-based monomeric materials presents a possible novel avenue for the development of new biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic products. The purpose of this article is to review the information on the role of natural bio-based monomers in biomedical applications. Increased eco-friendliness, biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and intrinsic biological activity are some of the attributes which make itaconic, succinic, citric, hyaluronic, and glutamic acids suitable potential materials for biomedical applications. Herein, we summarize the most recent advances in the field over the past ten years and specifically highlight new and interesting discoveries in biomedical applications. Natural origin acid-based bio-monomers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallinath S Birajdar
- Department of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejin Joo
- Department of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Weir MD, Kaner P, Marin A, Andrianov AK. Ionic Fluoropolyphosphazenes as Potential Adhesive Agents for Dental Restoration Applications. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-020-00192-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Andrianov AK, Langer R. Polyphosphazene immunoadjuvants: Historical perspective and recent advances. J Control Release 2021; 329:299-315. [PMID: 33285104 PMCID: PMC7904599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of successful vaccines has been increasingly reliant on the use of immunoadjuvants - additives, which can enhance and modulate immune responses to vaccine antigens. Immunoadjuvants of the polyphosphazene family encompass synthetic biodegradable macromolecules, which attain in vivo activity via antigen delivery and immunostimulation mechanisms. Over the last decades, the technology has witnessed evolvement of next generation members, expansion to include various antigens and routes of administration, and progression to clinical phase. This was accompanied by gaining important insights into the mechanism of action and the development of a novel class of virus-mimicking nano-assemblies for antigen delivery. The present review evaluates in vitro and in vivo data generated to date in the context of latest advances in understanding the primary function and biophysical behavior of these macromolecules. It also provides an overview of relevant synthetic and characterization methods, macromolecular biodegradation pathways, and polyphosphazene-based multi-component, nanoparticulate, and microfabricated formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Andrianov AK, Marin A, Deng J, Fuerst TR. Protein-loaded soluble and nanoparticulate formulations of ionic polyphosphazenes and their interactions on molecular and cellular levels. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 106:110179. [PMID: 31753403 PMCID: PMC6903416 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate and water-soluble formulations of ionic polyphosphazenes and protein cargo - lysozyme (LYZ) were prepared by their self-assembly in aqueous solutions at near physiological pH (pH 7.4) in the presence and absence of an ionic cross-linker - spermine tetrahydrochloride. Efficiency of LYZ encapsulation, physico-chemical characteristics of formulations, and the effect of reaction parameters were investigated using asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. The effect of both polymer formulations on encapsulated LYZ was evaluated using soluble oligosaccharide substrate, whereas their ability to present the protein to cellular surfaces was assessed by measuring enzymatic activity of encapsulated LYZ against Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells. It was found that both soluble and cross-linked polymer matrices reduce lysis of bacterial cells by LYZ, whereas activity of encapsulated protein against oligosaccharide substrate remained practically unchanged indicating no adverse effect of polyphosphazene on protein integrity. Moreover, nanoparticulate formulations display distinctly different behavior in cellular assays when compared to their soluble counterparts. LYZ encapsulated in polyphosphazene nanoparticles shows approximately 2.5-fold higher activity in its ability to lyse cells as compared with water-soluble LYZ-PCPP formulations. A new approach to PEGylation of polyphosphazene nanoparticles was also developed. The method utilizes a new ionic polyphosphazene derivative, which contains graft (polyethylene glycol) chains. PEGylation allows for an improved control over the size of nanoparticles and broader modulation of their cross-linking density, while still permitting for protein presentation to cellular substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, United States.
| | - Alexander Marin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Joseph Deng
- Department of Biology, College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, 1210 Biology - Psychology Building, 4094 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Thomas R Fuerst
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, 1109 Microbiology Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate-Containing Biocomposites and Hybrid Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:708-832. [PMID: 26262645 PMCID: PMC4598679 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art on calcium orthophosphate (CaPO4)-containing biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials suitable for biomedical applications is presented. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through the successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, CaPO4 might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials those are either already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications are extensively discussed. Many different formulations in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties, as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics have been already proposed. Among the others, the nano-structurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin, as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using CaPO4-based biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from a laboratory to a hospital is a long one and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development are also examined.
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Brasinika D, Tsigkou O, Tsetsekou A, Missirlis YF. Bioinspired synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals in the presence of collagen andl-arginine: Candidates for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:458-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Brasinika
- Section of Metallurgy and Materials Technology; School of Mining Engineering and Metallurgy; National Technical University of Athens; 15780 Athens Greece
| | - Olga Tsigkou
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering; Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering; University of Patras; 26504 Rio Greece
| | - Athena Tsetsekou
- Section of Metallurgy and Materials Technology; School of Mining Engineering and Metallurgy; National Technical University of Athens; 15780 Athens Greece
| | - Yiannis F. Missirlis
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering; Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering; University of Patras; 26504 Rio Greece
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Amin AM, Wang L, Wang J, Yu H, Huo J, Gao J, Xiao A. Recent Research Progress in the Synthesis of Polyphosphazene and Their Applications. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/138577209x12486896623373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abid Muhammad Amin
- a State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- b State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- c State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Yu
- d State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jia Huo
- e State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jingmin Gao
- f State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Anguo Xiao
- g State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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Sethuraman S, Nair LS, El-Amin S, Nguyen MT, Singh A, Greish YE, Allcock HR, Brown PW, Laurencin CT. Development and Characterization of Biodegradable Nanocomposite Injectables for Orthopaedic Applications Based on Polyphosphazenes. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 22:733-52. [DOI: 10.1163/092050610x491670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swaminathan Sethuraman
- a Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Lakshmi S. Nair
- b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Saadiq El-Amin
- c Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - My-Tien Nguyen
- d Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anurima Singh
- e Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yaser E. Greish
- f Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Harry R. Allcock
- g Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Paul W. Brown
- h Materials Research Institute Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- i Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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12
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13
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Choong C, Yuan S, Thian ES, Oyane A, Triffitt J. Optimization of poly(ε-caprolactone) surface properties for apatite formation and improved osteogenic stimulation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 100:353-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The state-of-the-art of biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates that are suitable for biomedical applications is presented in this review. Since these types of biomaterials offer many significant and exciting possibilities for hard tissue regeneration, this subject belongs to a rapidly expanding area of biomedical research. Through successful combinations of the desired properties of matrix materials with those of fillers (in such systems, calcium orthophosphates might play either role), innovative bone graft biomaterials can be designed. Various types of biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates, either those already in use or being investigated for biomedical applications, are extensively discussed. Many different formulations, in terms of the material constituents, fabrication technologies, structural and bioactive properties as well as both in vitro and in vivo characteristics, have already been proposed. Among the others, the nanostructurally controlled biocomposites, those containing nanodimensional compounds, biomimetically fabricated formulations with collagen, chitin and/or gelatin as well as various functionally graded structures seem to be the most promising candidates for clinical applications. The specific advantages of using biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials based on calcium orthophosphates in the selected applications are highlighted. As the way from the laboratory to the hospital is a long one, and the prospective biomedical candidates have to meet many different necessities, this review also examines the critical issues and scientific challenges that require further research and development.
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Ulery BD, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Biomedical Applications of Biodegradable Polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART B, POLYMER PHYSICS 2011; 49:832-864. [PMID: 21769165 PMCID: PMC3136871 DOI: 10.1002/polb.22259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1169] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of polymers as biomaterials has greatly impacted the advancement of modern medicine. Specifically, polymeric biomaterials that are biodegradable provide the significant advantage of being able to be broken down and removed after they have served their function. Applications are wide ranging with degradable polymers being used clinically as surgical sutures and implants. In order to fit functional demand, materials with desired physical, chemical, biological, biomechanical and degradation properties must be selected. Fortunately, a wide range of natural and synthetic degradable polymers has been investigated for biomedical applications with novel materials constantly being developed to meet new challenges. This review summarizes the most recent advances in the field over the past 4 years, specifically highlighting new and interesting discoveries in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret D. Ulery
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Institute of Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Lakshmi S. Nair
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Institute of Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Department of Chemical, Materials & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Institute of Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Department of Chemical, Materials & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268
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Moseke C, Gbureck U. Tetracalcium phosphate: Synthesis, properties and biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3815-23. [PMID: 20438869 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Monoclinic tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP, Ca(4)(PO(4))(2)O), also known by the mineral name hilgenstockite, is formed in the (CaO-P(2)O(5)) system at temperatures>1300 degrees C. TTCP is the only calcium phosphate with a Ca/P ratio greater than hydroxyapatite (HA). It appears as a by-product in plasma-sprayed HA coatings and shows moderate reactivity and concurrent solubility when combined with acidic calcium phosphates such as dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA, monetite) or dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD, brushite). Therefore it is widely used in self-setting calcium phosphate bone cements, which form HA under physiological conditions. This paper aims to review the synthesis and properties of TTCP in biomaterials applications such as cements, sintered ceramics and coatings on implant metals.
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Recent advances in synthetic bioelastomers. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:4223-4256. [PMID: 20057942 PMCID: PMC2790105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10104223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the degradability of chemically synthesized bioelastomers, mainly designed for soft tissue repair. These bioelastomers involve biodegradable polyurethanes, polyphosphazenes, linear and crosslinked poly(ether/ester)s, poly(ε-caprolactone) copolymers, poly(1,3-trimethylene carbonate) and their copolymers, poly(polyol sebacate)s, poly(diol-citrates) and poly(ester amide)s. The in vitro and in vivo degradation mechanisms and impact factors influencing degradation behaviors are discussed. In addition, the molecular designs, synthesis methods, structure properties, mechanical properties, biocompatibility and potential applications of these bioelastomers were also presented.
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Greish YE, Sturgeon JL, Singh A, Krogman NR, Touny AH, Sethuraman S, Nair LS, Laurencin CT, Allcock HR, Brown PW. Formation and properties of composites comprised of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatites and ethyl alanate polyphosphazenes. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:3153-3160. [PMID: 18437537 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Composites comprised of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (HAp) and biodegradable polyphosphazenes were formed via cement-type reactions at physiologic temperature. The composite precursors were produced by blending particulate hydroxyapatite precursors with 10 wt% polymer using a solvent/non-solvent technique. HAp precursors having calcium-to-phosphate ratios of 1.5 (CDH) and 1.6 (CDS) were used. The polymeric constituents were poly[bis(ethyl alanato)phosphazene] (PNEA) and poly[(ethyl alanato)(1) (p-phenylphenoxy)(1) phosphazene] (PNEA(50)PhPh(50)). The effect of incorporating the phenyl phenoxy group was evaluated as a means of increasing the mechanical properties of the composites without retarding the rates of HAp formation. Reaction kinetics and mechanistic paths were characterized by pH determination, X-ray diffraction analyses, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical properties were analyzed by compression testing. These analyses indicated that the presence of the polymers slightly reduced the rate HAp formation. However, surface hydrolysis of polymer ester groups permitted the formation of calcium salt bridges that provide a mechanism for bonding with the HAp. The compressive strengths of the composites containing PNEA(50)PhPh(50) were superior to those containing PNEA, and were comparable to those of HAp produced in the absence of polymer. The current composites more closely match the structure of bone, and are thus strongly recommended to be used as bone cements where high loads are not expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y E Greish
- Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 17551, UAE
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Burguera EF, Xu HHK, Sun L. Injectable calcium phosphate cement: effects of powder-to-liquid ratio and needle size. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 84:493-502. [PMID: 17635038 PMCID: PMC2652762 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) sets in situ and forms apatite with excellent osteoconductivity and bone-replacement capability. The objectives of this study were to formulate an injectable tetracalcium phosphate-dicalcium phosphate cement (CPC(D)), and investigate the powder/liquid ratio and needle-size effects. The injection force (mean +/- SD; n = 4) to extrude the paste increased from (8 +/- 2) N using a 10-gauge needle to (144 +/- 17) N using a 21-gauge needle (p < 0.05). With the 10-gauge needle, the mass percentage of extruded paste was (95 +/- 4)% at a powder/liquid ratio of 3; it decreased to (70 +/- 12)% at powder/liquid = 3.5 (p < 0.05). A relationship was established between injection force, F, and needle lumen cross-sectional area, A: F = 5.0 + 38.7/A(0.8). Flexural strength, S, (mean +/- SD; n = 5) increased from (5.3 +/- 0.8) MPa at powder/liquid= 2 to (11.0 +/- 0.8) MPa at powder/liquid = 3.5 (p < 0.05). Pore volume fraction, P, ranged from 62.4% to 47.9%. A relationship was established: S = 47.7 x (1 - P)(2.3). The strength of the injectable CPC(D) matched/exceeded the reported strengths of sintered porous hydroxyapatite implants that required machining. The novel injectable CPC(D) with a relatively high strength may be useful in filling defects with limited accessibility such as periodontal repair and tooth root-canal fillings, and in minimally-invasive techniques such as percutaneous vertebroplasty to fill the lesions and to strengthen the osteoporotic bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Burguera
- Paffenbarger Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8546, USA
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Hannink G, Wolke JGC, Schreurs BW, Buma P. In vivo behavior of a novel injectable calcium phosphate cement compared with two other commercially available calcium phosphate cements. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 85:478-88. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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