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Gowsalya K, Rithisa B, Haldorai Y, Shanthi K, Vivek R. Engineered photonic near-infrared light activated photothermal theranostic nanovaccine induced targeted remodeling of tumor microenvironment. Nanomedicine 2024; 57:102738. [PMID: 38341011 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Tumor recurrence, which happens as a result of persisting tumor cells and minor lesions after treatments like surgery and chemotherapy, is a major problem in oncology. Herein, a strategy to combat this issue by utilize a theranostic nanovaccine composed of photonic HCuS. This nanovaccine aims to eradicate cancer cells and their traces while also preventing tumor recurrence via optimizing the photothermal immune impact. Successful membrane targeting allows for the introduction of new therapeutic agents into the tumor cells. Together with co-encapsulated Toll-Like Receptors (TLR7/8) agonist R848 for activating T cells and maturing DCs, the combined effects of HCuS and ICG function as photothermal agents that generate heat in the presence of NIR light. Photothermal-mediated immunotherapy with therapeutic modalities proved successful in killing tumor cells. By activating the immune system, this new photonic nanovaccine greatly increases immunogenic cell death (ICD), kills tumor cells, and prevents their recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunanidhi Gowsalya
- Bio-Nano Theranostic Research Laboratory, Cancer Research Program (CRP), School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Babu Rithisa
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641048, India
| | - Yuvaraj Haldorai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeonbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishnamurthy Shanthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kalinga University, Nava Raipur 492101, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Raju Vivek
- Bio-Nano Theranostic Research Laboratory, Cancer Research Program (CRP), School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Bisbal Lopez L, Ravazza D, Bocci M, Zana A, Principi L, Dakhel Plaza S, Galbiati A, Gilardoni E, Scheuermann J, Neri D, Pignataro L, Gennari C, Cazzamalli S, Dal Corso A. Ex vivo mass spectrometry-based biodistribution analysis of an antibody- Resiquimod conjugate bearing a protease-cleavable and acid-labile linker. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1320524. [PMID: 38125888 PMCID: PMC10731371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1320524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-stimulating antibody conjugates (ISACs) equipped with imidazoquinoline (IMD) payloads can stimulate endogenous immune cells to kill cancer cells, ultimately inducing long-lasting anticancer effects. A novel ISAC was designed, featuring the IMD Resiquimod (R848), a tumor-targeting antibody specific for Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX) and the protease-cleavable Val-Cit-PABC linker. In vitro stability analysis showed not only R848 release in the presence of the protease Cathepsin B but also under acidic conditions. The ex vivo mass spectrometry-based biodistribution data confirmed the low stability of the linker-drug connection while highlighting the selective accumulation of the IgG in tumors and its long circulatory half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matilde Bocci
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland
- Philogen S.p.A, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Chemistry Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Chemistry Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Dal Corso
- Chemistry Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Jia D, Lu Y, Lv M, Wang F, Lu X, Zhu W, Wei J, Guo W, Liu R, Li G, Wang R, Li J, Yuan F. Targeted co-delivery of resiquimod and a SIRPα variant by liposomes to activate macrophage immune responses for tumor immunotherapy. J Control Release 2023; 360:858-871. [PMID: 37473808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major immune cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and typically exhibit an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype, which facilitates tumor growth and promotes resistance to immunotherapy. Additionally, tumor cells tend to express high levels of CD47, a "don't eat me" signal, that obstructs macrophage phagocytosis. Consequently, re-educating TAMs in combination with CD47 blockage is promising to trigger intense macrophage immune responses against tumors. As a toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist, resiquimod (R848) possesses the capacity to re-educate TAMs from M2 type to M1 type. We found that intratumoral administration of R848 synergistically improved the antitumor immunotherapeutic effect of CV1 protein (a SIRPα variant with high antagonism to CD47). However, the poor bioavailability and potential toxicity of this combo strategy remain a challenge. Here, a TAMs-targeted liposome (named: R-LS/M/CV1) co-delivering R848 and CV1 protein was constructed via decorating mannose on the liposomal surface. R-LS/M/CV1 exhibited high abilities of targeting, re-education and pro-phagocytosis of tumor cells to M2 macrophages in vitro. Intratumoral administration of R-LS/M/CV1 remarkedly eliminated tumor burden in the MC38 tumor model via repolarization of TAMs to M1 type, pro-phagocytosis of TAMs against tumors, and recruitment of tumor-infiltrating T cells. More encouragingly, due to the double targeting to TAMs and tumor cells of mannose and CV1 protein, R-LS/M/CV1 effectively accumulated at the tumor site, thereby not only remarkedly inhibiting tumors, but also exerting no hematological and histopathological toxicity when administered systemically. Our integrated strategy based on re-educating TAMs and CD47 blockade provides a promising approach to trigger macrophage immune responses against tumors for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianlong Jia
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, PR China
| | - Yue Lu
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, PR China.
| | - Mingjia Lv
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, PR China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Lu
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, PR China
| | - Weifan Zhu
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, PR China
| | - Jianmei Wei
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, PR China
| | - Wen Guo
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, PR China
| | - Renmin Liu
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, PR China
| | - Guangyong Li
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Design, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, PR China.
| | - Fengjiao Yuan
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, PR China.
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Xiao T, Zhu J, Jia L, Che H, Liu J, Deckers J, van Hest JCM, Shi X. Injectable alginate hydrogels for synergistic tumor combination therapy through repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages. J Control Release 2022; 348:239-249. [PMID: 35660633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Locally administered drug delivery systems are promising as they allow to circumvent the side effects associated with systematic administration. In this study, we constructed multifunctional hydrogels by simply mixing commercial alginate (ALG) sols with glucose oxidase (GOx)-conjugated polyacrylic acid-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (GPI NPs) and Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist resiquimod (R848). The injectable sols were able to transform into hydrogels (GPI/R848@ALG) by the ionic cross-linking between ALG and physiological Ca2+ to trap the therapeutic components within the hydrogel framework. Upon intratumoral injection, the hydrogels were employed for starvation therapy, promoted chemodynamic therapy and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) repolarization. The energy supply was blocked by consuming the intratumoral glucose via the GOx-catalyzed conversion of glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).In vitro results showed that the generated H2O2 could be further converted into highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (·HO) by the Fenton reaction to induce enhanced chemodynamic therapy. The TAMs repolarization studies in vitro exhibited that the GPI/R848@ALG hydrogels up-regulated the expression of CD86 by 63% and down-regulated the proportion of CD206 by 14% with a synergistic effect of the presence of Fe3O4 and R848, suggesting that the multifunctional hydrogels exert functions to direct the remodeling of TAMs from the tumor supportive M2-like phenotype to the tumor destructive M1-like phenotype to further contribute to the antitumor effect. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the multifunctional hydrogels exhibit admirable antitumor performance towards 4 T1 tumors. This work thereby provides a promising multifunctional nanoplatform for synergistic cancer starvation therapy, chemodynamic therapy and TAMs repolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China; Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Liang Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Che
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jie Liu
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - J Deckers
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
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Cheng X, Yu P, Zhou X, Zhu J, Han Y, Zhang C, Kong L. Enhanced tumor homing of pathogen-mimicking liposomes driven by R848 stimulation: A new platform for synergistic oncology therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:924-938. [PMID: 35256955 PMCID: PMC8897206 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multifarious tumor-targeting modifications of nanoparticulate systems have been attempted in joint efforts by our predecessors, it remains challenging for nanomedicine to traverse physiological barriers involving blood vessels, tissues, and cell barriers to thereafter demonstrate excellent antitumor effects. To further overcome these inherent obstacles, we designed and prepared mycoplasma membrane (MM)-fused liposomes (LPs) with the goal of employing circulating neutrophils with the advantage of inflammatory cytokine-guided autonomous tumor localization to transport nanoparticles. We also utilized in vivo neutrophil activation induced by the liposomal form of the immune activator resiquimod (LPs-R848). Fused LPs preparations retained mycoplasma pathogen characteristics and achieved rapid recognition and endocytosis by activated neutrophils stimulated by LPs-R848. The enhanced neutrophil infiltration in homing of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment allowed more nanoparticles to be delivered into solid tumors. Facilitated by the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), podophyllotoxin (POD)-loaded MM-fused LPs (MM-LPs-POD) were concomitantly released from neutrophils and subsequently engulfed by tumor cells during inflammation. MM-LPs-POD displayed superior suppression efficacy of tumor growth and lung metastasis in a 4T1 breast tumor model. Overall, such a strategy of pathogen-mimicking nanoparticles hijacking neutrophils in situ combined with enhanced neutrophil infiltration indeed elevates the potential of chemotherapeutics for tumor targeting therapy.
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Farr MA, Joshi TP, Lewis DJ. Resiquimod: a new topical immune-response modifier for the treatment of actinic keratosis. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2021; 26:433-434. [PMID: 34749552 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2021.2004694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Resiquimod is a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 and TLR-8 agonist that, like imiquimod, belongs to the class of imidazoquinolines, small organic molecules with potent antiviral and anticancer activity. Resiquimod activates myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells while also promoting release of cytokines as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ more effectively than imiquimod. Given these immunologic effects, resiquimod is emerging as a new topical pharmacotherapy for actinic keratosis (AK). In the pivotal trial by Stockfleth et al. complete clinical clearance in all the resiquimod-treated arms was more significant than placebo varying from 56% to 74%. Partial clinical clearance, or disappearance of >75% of AKs, was also significantly higher in the resiquimod arms varying from 75% to 87%. Overall, resiquimod is a new molecule that remains a promising therapy for AK, although additional studies are needed to further evaluate its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Farr
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tejas P Joshi
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J Lewis
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Revuri V, Rajendrakumar SK, Park M, Mohapatra A, Uthaman S, Mondal J, Bae WK, Park I, Lee Y. Heat-Confined Tumor-Docking Reversible Thermogel Potentiates Systemic Antitumor Immune Response During Near-Infrared Photothermal Ablation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100907. [PMID: 34541833 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) features immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironments with limited cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) infiltration. Although ablation therapies have demonstrated modulation of "cold" TNBC tumors to inflamed "hot" tumors, recruitment of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) at the tumors post ablation therapies prevents the infiltration of CTLs and challenge the antitumor potentials of T-cell therapies. Here, a thermal ablation immunotherapy strategy is developed to prevent the immune suppressive effects of MDSCs during photothermal ablation and induce a durable systemic antitumor immunity to eradicate TNBC tumors. An injectable pluronic F127/hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel embedded with manganese dioxide (BM) nanoparticles and TLR7 agonist resiquimod (R848) (BAGEL-R848), is synthesized to induce in situ laser-assisted gelation of the hydrogel and achieve desired ablation temperatures at a low laser-exposure time. Upon 808-nm laser irradiation, a significant reduction in the tumor burden is observed in BAGEL-R848-injected 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. The ablation induced immunogenic cell death and sustained release of R848 from BAGEL-R848 promotes dendritic cell maturation and reduced MDSCs localization in tumors. In addition, inflammatory M1 macrophages and CD8+IFN+ CTL are enriched in distant tumors in bilateral 4T1 tumor model, preventing metastatic tumor growth and signifying the potential of BAGEL-R848 to treat TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Revuri
- Department of Green Bioengineering Korea National University of Transportation Chungju 27469 Republic of Korea
| | - Santhosh Kalash Rajendrakumar
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju 61469 Republic of Korea
| | - Myong‐Suk Park
- Department of Hematology‐Oncology Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju 61469 South Korea
| | - Adityanarayan Mohapatra
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju 61469 Republic of Korea
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju 61469 Republic of Korea
| | - Jagannath Mondal
- Department of Green Bioengineering Korea National University of Transportation Chungju 27469 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kyun Bae
- Department of Hematology‐Oncology Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju 61469 South Korea
| | - In‐Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju 61469 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Kyu Lee
- Department of Green Bioengineering Korea National University of Transportation Chungju 27469 Republic of Korea
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Theile D, Wagner L, Haefeli WE, Weiss J. In vitro evidence suggesting that the toll-like receptor 7 and 8 agonist resiquimod (R-848) unlikely affects drug levels of co-administered compounds. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105826. [PMID: 33813039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Resiquimod (R-848) is an immune response modifier activating toll-like receptor 7 and 8. Its potential to cause pharmacokinetic interactions with concurrently administered drugs is unknown. To study the time course of the effect of resiquimod in LS180 cells as a model for intestinal tissue, luciferase-based reporter gene assays and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate whether resiquimod affects the activities of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB), pregnane x receptor (PXR) or the transcription of selected central genes for drug disposition (cytochrome P-450 isozyme 3A4 (CYP3A4), CYP1A1, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCC2, ABCB1). Its impact on the activities of organic anion transporting polypeptides 1 or 3 (OATP1B1/3), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or CYP3A4 was evaluated using fluorescence- or luminescence-based activity assays. Resiquimod irrelevantly increased NF-ĸB activity after 2 h (1 µM: 1.07-fold, P = 0.0188; 10 µM: 1.09-fold, P = 0.0142), and diminished it after 24 h (1 µM: 0.64-fold, P < 0.0001; 10 µM: 0.68-fold, P < 0.0001) and 30 h (10 µM: 0.68-fold, P = 0.0003). Concurrently, PXR activity after 24 h was marginally increased by 10 µM (1.05-fold, P = 0.0019). Resiquimod did not alter mRNA expression levels, activities of uptake or efflux transporters, or CYP3A4 activity. Given the marginal effects on NF-ĸB, PXR, expression levels of selected PXR target genes, and activities of important drug transporters and CYP3A4 in vitro, resiquimod is not expected to cause major pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Theile
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Lelia Wagner
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter E Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Andrianov AK, Langer R. Polyphosphazene immunoadjuvants: Historical perspective and recent advances. J Control Release 2021; 329:299-315. [PMID: 33285104 PMCID: PMC7904599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of successful vaccines has been increasingly reliant on the use of immunoadjuvants - additives, which can enhance and modulate immune responses to vaccine antigens. Immunoadjuvants of the polyphosphazene family encompass synthetic biodegradable macromolecules, which attain in vivo activity via antigen delivery and immunostimulation mechanisms. Over the last decades, the technology has witnessed evolvement of next generation members, expansion to include various antigens and routes of administration, and progression to clinical phase. This was accompanied by gaining important insights into the mechanism of action and the development of a novel class of virus-mimicking nano-assemblies for antigen delivery. The present review evaluates in vitro and in vivo data generated to date in the context of latest advances in understanding the primary function and biophysical behavior of these macromolecules. It also provides an overview of relevant synthetic and characterization methods, macromolecular biodegradation pathways, and polyphosphazene-based multi-component, nanoparticulate, and microfabricated formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Li H, Somiya M, Kuroda S. Enhancing antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis by Re-education of tumor-associated macrophages with resiquimod-encapsulated liposomes. Biomaterials 2021; 268:120601. [PMID: 33338932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exist in nearly all tumors, and form a major part of the tumor microenvironment. TAMs are divided into two groups: tumor-suppressing M1 type and tumor-promoting M2 type. Most TAMs are educated by the tumor cells to become M2 type, which support tumor growth and make immunotherapy ineffective. Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) is an important mechanism for antibody cancer therapy, and this mechanism is dependent on TAMs. In this study, we found that the M1 type macrophages elicit a more efficient ADCP response than the M2 type, which was confirmed by three tumor cell lines, Raji, A431, and SKBR3, along with their corresponding therapeutic antibody Rituximab, anti-EGFR mouse monoclonal antibody (clone 528), and Trastuzumab, respectively. Resiquimod (R848), an immune system activating agent, has been shown to stimulate the M1 type macrophages, and re-educate the TAMs from M2 type to M1 type. By treating TAMs with R848, the ADCP response increased significantly in vitro and in in vivo mouse xenograft models. R848 encapsulated liposomes (R848-LPs) not only accumulated efficiently in the tumor tissues, but also distributed in the TAMs. Synergizing the R848-LPs with the anti-EGFR mouse monoclonal antibody (clone 528) significantly inhibited WiDr-tumor growth in vivo. Our study also revealed that the TAM-targeted delivery of R848 is able to re-educate the TAMs to M1 type, enhance the ADCP effect of the antibodies, and hence, enhance the anti-tumor effect of the therapeutic antibodies.
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Zhang H, Tang WL, Kheirolomoom A, Fite BZ, Wu B, Lau K, Baikoghli M, Raie MN, Tumbale SK, Foiret J, Ingham ES, Mahakian LM, Tam SM, Cheng RH, Borowsky AD, Ferrara KW. Development of thermosensitive resiquimod-loaded liposomes for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2020; 330:1080-1094. [PMID: 33189786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Resiquimod (R848) is a toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) agonist with potent antitumor and immunostimulatory activity. However, systemic delivery of R848 is poorly tolerated because of its poor solubility in water and systemic immune activation. In order to address these limitations, we developed an intravenously-injectable formulation with R848 using thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) as a delivery vehicle. R848 was remotely loaded into TSLs composed of DPPC: DSPC: DSPE-PEG2K (85:10:5, mol%) with 100 mM FeSO4 as the trapping agent inside. The final R848 to lipid ratio of the optimized R848-loaded TSLs (R848-TSLs) was 0.09 (w/w), 10-fold higher than the previously-reported values. R848-TSLs released 80% of R848 within 5 min at 42 °C. These TSLs were then combined with αPD-1, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and ultrasound-mediated hyperthermia in a neu deletion (NDL) mouse mammary carcinoma model (Her2+, ER/PR negative). Combined with αPD-1, local injection of R848-TSLs showed superior efficacy with complete NDL tumor regression in both treated and abscopal sites achieved in 8 of 11 tumor bearing mice over 100 days. Immunohistochemistry confirmed enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration and accumulation by R848-TSLs. Systemic delivery of R848-TSLs, combined with local hyperthermia and αPD-1, inhibited tumor growth and extended median survival from 28 days (non-treatment control) to 94 days. Upon re-challenge with reinjection of tumor cells, none of the previously cured mice developed tumors, as compared with 100% of age-matched control mice. The dose of R848 (10 μg for intra-tumoral injection or 6 mg/kg for intravenous injection delivered up to 4 times) was well-tolerated without weight loss or organ hypertrophy. In summary, we developed R848-TSLs that can be administered locally or systematically, resulting in tumor regression and enhanced survival when combined with αPD-1 in mouse models of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Wei-Lun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Azadeh Kheirolomoom
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brett Z Fite
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Kenneth Lau
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mo Baikoghli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marina Nura Raie
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Spencer K Tumbale
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Josquin Foiret
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lisa M Mahakian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sarah M Tam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - R Holland Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Molecular Imaging Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 3165 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Tifrea DF, Pal S, le Bon C, Cocco MJ, Zoonens M, de la Maza LM. Improved protection against Chlamydia muridarum using the native major outer membrane protein trapped in Resiquimod-carrying amphipols and effects in protection with addition of a Th1 (CpG-1826) and a Th2 (Montanide ISA 720) adjuvant. Vaccine 2020; 38:4412-4422. [PMID: 32386746 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A new vaccine formulated with the Chlamydia muridarum native major outer membrane protein (nMOMP) and amphipols was assessed in an intranasal (i.n.) challenge mouse model. nMOMP was trapped either in amphipol A8-35 (nMOMP/A8-35) or in A8-35 conjugated with Resiquimod (nMOMP/Resiq-A8-35), a TLR7/8 agonist added as adjuvant. The effects of free Resiquimod and/or additional adjuvants, Montanide ISA 720 (TLR independent) and CpG-1826 (TLR9 agonist), were also evaluated. Immunization with nMOMP/A8-35 alone administered i.n. was used as negative adjuvant-control group, whereas immunizations with C. muridarum elementary bodies (EBs) and MEM buffer, administered i.n., were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Vaccinated mice were challenged i.n. with C. muridarum and changes in body weight, lungs weight and recovery of Chlamydia from the lungs were evaluated. All the experimental groups showed protection when compared with the negative control group. Resiquimod alone produced weak humoral and cellular immune responses, but both Montanide and CpG-1826 showed significant increases in both responses. The addition of CpG-1826 alone switched immune responses to be Th1-biased. The most robust protection was elicited in mice immunized with the three adjuvants and conjugated Resiquimod. Increased protection induced by the Resiquimod covalently linked to A8-35, in the presence of Montanide and CpG-1826 was established based on a set of parameters: (1) the ability of the antibodies to neutralize C. muridarum; (2) the increased proliferation of T-cells in vitro accompanied by higher production of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-17; (3) the decreased body weight loss over the 10 days after challenge; and (4) the number of IFUs recovered from the lungs at day 10 post challenge. In conclusion, a vaccine formulated with the C. muridarum nMOMP bound to amphipols conjugated with Resiquimod enhances protective immune responses that can be further improved by the addition of Montanide and CpG-1826.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia F Tifrea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences I, Room D440, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4800, USA
| | - Sukumar Pal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences I, Room D440, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4800, USA
| | - Christel le Bon
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, CNRS, UMR 7099, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour le développement de la recherche scientifique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Melanie J Cocco
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1218 Natural Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA
| | - Manuela Zoonens
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, CNRS, UMR 7099, F-75005 Paris, France; Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour le développement de la recherche scientifique, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Luis M de la Maza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences I, Room D440, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4800, USA.
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Serrano R, Wesch D, Kabelitz D. Activation of Human γδ T Cells: Modulation by Toll-Like Receptor 8 Ligands and Role of Monocytes. Cells 2020; 9:E713. [PMID: 32183240 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells can kill a variety of cancer cells and have attracted substantial interest for cancer immunotherapy. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are promising adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy, but TLR7/8 ligand Resiquimod has been shown to inhibit CD4 T-cell activation in a monocyte-dependent manner. Therefore, we studied the modulation of human γδ T-cell activation by TLR7/8 ligands. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or purified γδ T cells together with purified monocytes were stimulated with zoledronic acid or phosphoantigens in the absence or presence of various imidazoquinoline TLR7 or TLR8 agonists. Read-out systems included interferon-γ induction and cellular expansion of γδ T cells, as well as viability, cell surface antigen modulation, and IL-1β and TNF-α production of monocytes. Results: TLR8 ligand TL8-506 and TLR7/8 ligand Resiquimod (but not TLR7 ligands) rapidly induced IFN-γ expression in γδ T cells within PBMC, and co-stimulated phosphoantigen-induced IFN-γ expression in γδ T cells. On the other hand, TLR8 ligands potently suppressed γδ T-cell expansion in response to zoledronic acid and phosphoantigen. Purified monocytes secreted large amounts of IL-1β and TNF-α when stimulated with TLR8 ligands but simultaneously underwent substantial cell death after 24 h. Conclusions: TLR8 ligand-activated monocytes potently co-stimulate early γδ T-cell activation but failed to provide accessory cell function for in vitro expansion of γδ T cells.
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Gupta A, Deka P, Kumar S. Resiquimod inhibits Newcastle disease virus replication by modulating host cytokines: An understanding towards its possible therapeutics. Cytokine 2019; 125:154811. [PMID: 31446178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects domestic and wild avian species with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although this disease is mainly controlled through NDV vaccines, alternative use of antiviral compounds is increasingly under study. Resiquimod (R-848), an imidazoquinoline compound is a potent synthetic agonist of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). Until now reports regarding the adjuvant potential of resiquimod is well established against human viruses but has been less explored against avian viruses. In the present study, we have analysed the anti-NDV effect of resiquimod in chicken embryo fibroblast cells (DF-1) and embryonated chicken eggs. About 70% reduction in NDV replication was observed 48 h and 72 h post-resiquimod treatment in DF-1 cells. Furthermore, differential host genes expression was observed in resiquimod treated DF-1 cells, PBMCs, and tissue sample of chicken embryos at a different time point. Among all the analyzed genes, significant up-regulation of viperin, IFNα, IFNγ, IL-1β, TNFα, IL18 were observed in its transcriptional level. Furthermore, resiquimod treatment showed NDV reduction in two weeks old chickens. About 61% and 38% reduction in NDV replication was observed 72 h post-infection in lungs and spleen, respectively. The study suggests the modulation of host innate immunity regulatory genes by resiquimod, which eventually modulates the NDV replication. The result of the study could be explored further to establish resiquimod as an alternative antiviral compound against NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Pankaj Deka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam 781022, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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15
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Baxan N, Papanikolaou A, Salles-Crawley I, Lota A, Chowdhury R, Dubois O, Branca J, Hasham MG, Rosenthal N, Prasad SK, Zhao L, Harding SE, Sattler S. Characterization of acute TLR-7 agonist-induced hemorrhagic myocarditis in mice by multiparametric quantitative cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm040725. [PMID: 31324689 PMCID: PMC6737951 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic myocarditis is a potentially fatal complication of excessive levels of systemic inflammation. It has been reported in viral infection, but is also possible in systemic autoimmunity. Epicutaneous treatment of mice with the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) agonist Resiquimod induces auto-antibodies and systemic tissue damage, including in the heart, and is used as an inducible mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we show that overactivation of the TLR-7 pathway of viral recognition by Resiquimod treatment of CFN mice induces severe thrombocytopenia and internal bleeding, which manifests most prominently as hemorrhagic myocarditis. We optimized a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) tissue mapping approach for the in vivo detection of diffuse infiltration, fibrosis and hemorrhages using a combination of T1, T2 and T2* relaxation times, and compared results with ex vivo histopathology of cardiac sections corresponding to CMR tissue maps. This allowed detailed correlation between in vivo CMR parameters and ex vivo histopathology, and confirmed the need to include T2* measurements to detect tissue iron for accurate interpretation of pathology associated with CMR parameter changes. In summary, we provide detailed histological and in vivo imaging-based characterization of acute hemorrhagic myocarditis as an acute cardiac complication in the mouse model of Resiquimod-induced SLE, and a refined CMR protocol to allow non-invasive longitudinal in vivo studies of heart involvement in acute inflammation. We propose that adding T2* mapping to CMR protocols for myocarditis diagnosis improves diagnostic sensitivity and interpretation of disease mechanisms.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Baxan
- Biological Imaging Centre, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | - Amrit Lota
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Rasheda Chowdhury
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Olivier Dubois
- Biological Imaging Centre, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jane Branca
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Muneer G Hasham
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Nadia Rosenthal
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Sanjay K Prasad
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Lan Zhao
- Biological Imaging Centre, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Susanne Sattler
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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16
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Corsetti M, Ruocco G, Ruggieri S, Gasperini C, Battistini L, Volpe E. Resiquimod-Mediated Activation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Is Amplified in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2811. [PMID: 31181776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. The cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown but there are several evidences that associate the genetic basis of the disease with environmental causes. An important association between viral infection and development of MS is clearly demonstrated. Viruses have a strong impact on innate immune cells. In particular, myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), are able to respond to viruses and to activate the adaptive immune response. Methods: In this study we mimic viral infection using synthetic single-strand RNA, Resiquimod, and we compared the response of both DC subsets derived from healthy donors and MS patients by characterizing the expression of costimulatory molecules on the DC surface. Results: We found that pDCs from MS patients express higher levels of OX40-L, HLA-DR, and CD86 than healthy donors. Moreover, we found that blood cells from MS patients and healthy donors upon Resiquimod-stimulation are enriched in a subpopulation of pDCs, characterized by a high amount of costimulatory molecules. Conclusion: Overall, these results indicate that activation of pDCs is enhanced in MS, likely due to a latent viral infection, and that costimulatory molecules expressed on pDCs could mediate a protective response against the viral trigger of autoimmunity.
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Thauvin C, Widmer J, Mottas I, Hocevar S, Allémann E, Bourquin C, Delie F. Development of resiquimod-loaded modified PLA-based nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy: A kinetic study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 139:253-261. [PMID: 30981947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resiquimod (R848), a member of the imidazoquinoline family, is a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist with high potency for cancer immunotherapy. However, tolerance induction and adverse effects limit its development as a drug. Encapsulation in a polymer matrix can circumvent these limitations, as shown in our formerly published approach where R848 was loaded into polylactic acid (PLA)-based nanoparticles (NP). Although the results were encouraging, low rates of encapsulation and rapid release of the drug were observed. In this study, we present a new strategy using mixed NP from modified linear PLA in order to improve the encapsulation and modulate the release profile of R848. Modified PLA polymers were designed and synthesized by microwave-assisted ring opening polymerization of d,l-lactide, using polyethylene glycol as initiator to increase the hydrophilic properties of the polymer or linear saturated aliphatic chains (C8 or C20) to increase the affinity with hydrophobic R848. NP were prepared by solvent evaporation method, leading to particles of 205-288 nm loaded with either R848 or DiO as a tracking agent. The release profile showed longer retention of R848 at both neutral and acidic pH for NP from grafted polymers. Upon exposure to phagocytic immune cells, NP were actively taken up by the cells and no impact on cell viability was observed, independently of the constitutive polymer. All R848-loaded NP activated macrophages to secrete interleukin-6, demonstrating that the drug cargo was immunologically active. Importantly, macrophage activation by NP-delivered R848 was slower than with free R848, in accordance with the in vitro release profiles. Thus, NP prepared from modified PLA polymers showed no signs of toxicity to immune cells and efficiently delivered their immunoactive cargo in a delayed manner. This delivery strategy may enhance the efficacy and safety of small-molecule immunostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Thauvin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Widmer
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Inès Mottas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Hocevar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allémann
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carole Bourquin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Florence Delie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Abdul-Cader MS, De Silva Senapathi U, Ahmed-Hassan H, Sharif S, Abdul-Careem MF. Single stranded (ss)RNA-mediated antiviral response against infectious laryngotracheitis virus infection. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:34. [PMID: 30736730 PMCID: PMC6368756 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single stranded ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) binds to toll-like receptor (TLR)7 leading to recruitment of immune cells and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which has been shown in mammals. In chickens, synthetic ssRNA analog, resiquimod, has been shown to elicit antiviral response against infectious bursal disease virus infection. The objective of this study was to determine the innate host responses activated by the pre-hatch in ovo administration of resiquimod against infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) infection in chickens post-hatch. Results First, we observed that in ovo treatment of resiquimod at embryo day (ED) 18 increases macrophage recruitment in respiratory and gastrointestinal tissues of chicken day 1 post-hatch in addition to interleukin (IL)-1β in lungs. Second, we observed that in ovo treatment of resiquimod reduces ILTV cloacal shedding at 7 days post-infection (dpi) when challenged at day 1 post-hatch coinciding with higher macrophage recruitment. In vitro, we found that resiquimod enhances production of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-1β and not type 1 interferon (IFN) activity in avian macrophages. Although, the antiviral response against ILTV is associated with the enhanced innate immune response, it is not dependent on any of the innate immune mediators observed as has been shown in vitro using avian macrophage. Conclusion This study provides insights into the mechanisms of antiviral response mediated by resiquimod, particularly against ILTV infection in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sarjoon Abdul-Cader
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Upasama De Silva Senapathi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Hanaa Ahmed-Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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19
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Abdul-Cader MS, De Silva Senapathi U, Nagy E, Sharif S, Abdul-Careem MF. Antiviral response elicited against avian influenza virus infection following activation of toll-like receptor (TLR)7 signaling pathway is attributable to interleukin (IL)-1β production. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:859. [PMID: 30514372 PMCID: PMC6280464 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Single stranded ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) binds to toll-like receptor (TLR)7 leading to recruitment of immune cells and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which has been shown in mammals. In chickens, ssRNA has been shown to elicit antiviral response against infectious bursal disease virus infection. The objectives of this study were to determine the pro-inflammatory mediators that are activated downstream of TLR7 signaling pathway in avian macrophages and their roles in antiviral response against avian influenza virus (AIV) infection. Results In this study, first, we stimulated avian macrophages with the analog of ssRNA, resiquimod, and found that the ssRNA was capable of increasing nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL-1β) production in avian macrophages. Second, we observed when the avian macrophages were stimulated with ssRNA, it elicits an antiviral response against AIV. Finally, we demonstrated that when we blocked the IL-1β response using IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and the NO production using a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), N-([3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methyl)ethanimidamide dihydrochloride (1400 W), the antiviral response against AIV is attributable to IL-1β production and not to the NO production. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of antiviral response mediated by ssRNA, particularly against AIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sarjoon Abdul-Cader
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Upasama De Silva Senapathi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Eva Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Wilkinson A, Lattmann E, Roces CB, Pedersen GK, Christensen D, Perrie Y. Lipid conjugation of TLR7 agonist Resiquimod ensures co-delivery with the liposomal Cationic Adjuvant Formulation 01 (CAF01) but does not enhance immunopotentiation compared to non-conjugated Resiquimod+CAF01. J Control Release 2018; 291:1-10. [PMID: 30291987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are important in the induction and activation of two critical arms of the host defence to pathogens and microorganisms: the rapid innate immune response (as characterised by the production of Th1 promoting cytokines and type 1 interferons) and the adaptive immune response. Through this activation, ligands and agonists of TLRs can enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy. Resiquimod is a small (water-soluble) agonist of the endosome-located Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8). However due to its molecular attributes it rapidly distributes throughout the body after injection. To circumvent this, these TLR agonists can be incorporated within delivery systems, such as liposomes, to promote the co-delivery of both antigen and agonists to antigen presenting cells. In this present study, resiquimod has been chemically conjugated to a lipid to form a lipid-TLR7/8 agonist conjugate which can be incorporated within immunogenic cationic liposomes composed of dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) and the immunostimulatory glycolipid trehalose 6,6' - dibehenate (TDB). This DDA:TDB-TLR7/8 formulation offers similar vesicle characteristics to DDA:TDB (size and charge) and offers high retention of both resiquimod and the electrostatically adsorbed TB subunit antigen Ag85B-ESAT6-Rv2660c (H56). Following immunisation through the intramuscular (i.m.) route, these cationic DDA:TDB-TLR7/8 liposomes form a vaccine depot at the injection site. However, immunisation studies have shown that this biodistribution does not translate into notably increased antibody nor Th1 responses at the spleen and draining popliteal lymph node compared to DDA:TDB liposomes. This work demonstrates that the conjugation of TLR7/8 agonists to cationic liposomes can promote co-delivery but the immune responses stimulated do not merit the added complexity considerations of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Lattmann
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carla B Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Gabriel K Pedersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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21
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Matoo JJ, Bashir K, Kumar A, Krishnaswamy N, Dey S, Chellappa MM, Ramakrishnan S. Resiquimod enhances mucosal and systemic immunity against avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccine in the chicken. Microb Pathog 2018; 119:119-124. [PMID: 29635053 PMCID: PMC7127065 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant enhancing mucosal immune response is preferred in controlling many pathogens at the portal of entry. Earlier, we reported that a toll-like-receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist, resiquimod (R-848), stimulated the systemic immunity when adjuvanted with the inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccine in the chicken. Here, we report the effect of R-848 when adjuvanted with live or inactivated avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccines with special emphasis on mucosal immunity. Specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks (n = 60) were equally divided into six groups at two weeks of age and immunized with either inactivated or live IBV vaccine adjuvanted with or without R-848. Groups that received either PBS or R-848 served as control. A booster was given on 14 days post-immunization (dpi). R-848 enhanced the antigen specific humoral and cellular immune responses when co-administered with the vaccines as evidenced by an increase in the antibody titre in ELISA and stimulation index in lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) till 35 dpi and increased proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells on 21 dpi in the flow cytometry. Interestingly, it potentiated the IgA responses in the tear and intestinal secretions when used with both live and inactivated IBV vaccines. The combination of IBV vaccine with R-848 significantly up-regulated the transforming growth factor beta 4 (TGFβ4) transcripts in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) than that of the respective vaccine per se. An enhanced secretory IgA response is likely due to the up-regulation of TGFβ4, which is responsible for class switching to IgA. In conclusion, co-administration of R-848 with inactivated or live IBV vaccine enhanced the systemic as well as mucosal immune responses in the chicken.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
- Chickens/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Immunity/drug effects
- Immunity/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Immunity, Mucosal/immunology
- Immunization
- Immunoglobulin A
- Infectious bronchitis virus/drug effects
- Infectious bronchitis virus/pathogenicity
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Poultry Diseases/immunology
- Poultry Diseases/prevention & control
- Poultry Diseases/virology
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaid Jeelani Matoo
- Immunology Section, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Khalid Bashir
- Immunology Section, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Narayanan Krishnaswamy
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Sohini Dey
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Madhan Mohan Chellappa
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Saravanan Ramakrishnan
- Immunology Section, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.
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22
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Qu S, Qin T, Li M, Zhang S, Ye L, Wei J, Fan H, Chen B. The effects of resiquimod in an ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis model. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:233-42. [PMID: 29665497 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that the Toll-like receptor7/8(TLR7/8) agonist resiquimod (R848) is a potential inhibitor of type-2 immunity. However, the mechanisms mediating its therapeutic effects are not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of R848 on OVA-induced allergic rhinitis(AR) mice and the expression of IL-25, IL-33, TSLP, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin1 (TIM1) and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin3 (TIM3). BALB/c mice were intranasally sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), and R848 was intraperitoneally injected into AR mice. Histological changes in the nasal mucosa were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining; cytokine levels in serum were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs);the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-17 and Foxp3 in the spleen determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR); the proportions of Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg and TIM3 + IFN-γ + Th1 cells in the spleen were assessed with flow cytometry; TIM1, TIM3 and IL-33 expression levels in the nasal mucosa were evaluated with immunofluorescence staining(IF).R848 alleviated the nasal allergic symptoms; reduced eosinophil cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia in the nasal mucosa; reduced IL-13, IL-17, IL-25 and IL-33 levels in serum; upregulated the relative mRNA expression of IFN-γ and Foxp3, and downregulated the relative mRNA expression of IL-17 in the spleen; decreased Th2, Th17 and TIM3 + IFN-γ + Th1 cells ratios, increased the proportion of Th1 and Treg cells in the spleen; suppressed TIM1 and TIM3,but increased IL-33 expression in the nasal mucosa in OVA-induced AR mice. R848 suppresses IL-25, IL-33 released and TIM1, TIM3 expression, which may contribute to its anti-allergic effects.
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23
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Hasham MG, Baxan N, Stuckey DJ, Branca J, Perkins B, Dent O, Duffy T, Hameed TS, Stella SE, Bellahcene M, Schneider MD, Harding SE, Rosenthal N, Sattler S. Systemic autoimmunity induced by the TLR7/8 agonist Resiquimod causes myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy in a new mouse model of autoimmune heart disease. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:259-270. [PMID: 28250051 PMCID: PMC5374321 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) show significant heart involvement and cardiovascular morbidity, which can be due to systemically increased levels of inflammation or direct autoreactivity targeting cardiac tissue. Despite high clinical relevance, cardiac damage secondary to systemic autoimmunity lacks inducible rodent models. Here, we characterise immune-mediated cardiac tissue damage in a new model of SLE induced by topical application of the Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist Resiquimod. We observe a cardiac phenotype reminiscent of autoimmune-mediated dilated cardiomyopathy, and identify auto-antibodies as major contributors to cardiac tissue damage. Resiquimod-induced heart disease is a highly relevant mouse model for mechanistic and therapeutic studies aiming to protect the heart during autoimmunity. Summary: A novel mouse model of autoimmune-mediated heart damage to study the underlying mechanisms and test therapeutic options for systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer G Hasham
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Nicoleta Baxan
- Biological Imaging Centre, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Daniel J Stuckey
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Jane Branca
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Bryant Perkins
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Oliver Dent
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ted Duffy
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Tolani S Hameed
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sarah E Stella
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mohammed Bellahcene
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Michael D Schneider
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nadia Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Susanne Sattler
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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24
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Widmer J, Thauvin C, Mottas I, Nguyen VN, Delie F, Allémann E, Bourquin C. Polymer-based nanoparticles loaded with a TLR7 ligand to target the lymph node for immunostimulation. Int J Pharm 2017; 535:444-451. [PMID: 29157965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule agonists for the Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8 are effective for the immunotherapy of skin cancer when used as topical agents. Their systemic use has however been largely unsuccessful due to dose-limiting toxicity. We propose a polymer-based nanodelivery system to target resiquimod, a TLR7 ligand, to the lymph node in order to focus the immunostimulatory activity and to prevent a generalized inflammatory response. We demonstrate successful encapsulation of resiquimod in methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(DL-lactic acid) (mPEG-PLA) and mixed poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/mPEG-PLA nanoparticles. We show that these particles are taken up mainly by dendritic cells and macrophages, which are the prime initiators of anticancer immune responses. Nanoparticles loaded with resiquimod activate these cells, demonstrating the availability of the immune-stimulating cargo. The unloaded particles are non-inflammatory and do not have cytotoxic activity on immune cells. Following subcutaneous injection in mice, mPEG-PLA and PLGA/mPEG-PLA nanoparticles are detected in dendritic cells and macrophages in the draining lymph nodes, demonstrating the targeting potential of these particles. Thus, polymer-based nanoparticles represent a promising delivery system that allows lymph node targeting for small-molecule TLR7 agonists in the context of systemic cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Widmer
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Chemin Du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Thauvin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Inès Mottas
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Chemin Du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Van Nga Nguyen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florence Delie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Allémann
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Carole Bourquin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Chemin Du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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25
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Thauvin C, Schwarz B, Delie F, Allémann E. Functionalized PLA polymers to control loading and/or release properties of drug-loaded nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:771-7. [PMID: 29104059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Advantages associated with the use of polylactic acid (PLA) nano- or microparticles as drug delivery systems have been widely proven in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. These biodegradable and biocompatible carriers have demonstrated different loading and release properties depending on interactions with the cargo, preparation methods, particles size or molecular weight of PLA. In this study, we sought to show the possibility of influencing these properties by modifying the structure of the constituting polymer. Seven non-functionalized or functionalized PLA polymers were specifically designed and synthesized by microwave-assisted ring-opening polymerization of d,l-lactide. They presented short hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic groups thanks to the use of C20 aliphatic chain, mPEG1000, sorbitan esters (Spans®) or polysorbates (Tweens®), their PEGylated analogues, as initiators. Then, seven types of drug-loaded nanoparticles (NP) were prepared from these polymers and compared in terms of physico-chemical characteristics, drug loading and release profiles. Although the loading properties were not improved with any of the functionalized PLA NP, different release profiles were observed in an aqueous medium at 37 °C and over a period of five days. The presence of PEG moieties in the core of PLA-polysorbates NP induced a faster release while the addition of a single aliphatic chain induced a slower release due to better interactions with the active molecule.
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26
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Kitaoka M, Naritomi A, Kawabe Y, Kamihira M, Kamiya N, Goto M. Transcutaneous pollinosis immunotherapy using a solid-in-oil nanodispersion system carrying T cell epitope peptide and R848. Bioeng Transl Med 2017; 2:102-108. [PMID: 29313026 PMCID: PMC5689524 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen‐specific immunotherapy is the only curative approach for the treatment of allergic diseases such as Japanese cedar pollinosis. Immunotherapy using a T cell epitope vaccine in combination with the adjuvant R848 is of particular interest as a safe and effective approach to treat allergic diseases. Herein, we propose a simple and easy to handle vaccine administration method using the original solid‐in‐oil (S/O) nanodispersion system that permeates through the skin. The S/O nanodispersion system is composed of nanoparticles of hydrophilic molecules surrounded with hydrophobic surfactants that are dispersed in an oil vehicle. The system has potential to carry and deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactives. Hydrophilic T cell epitope peptide was efficiently delivered through mouse skin using the S/O nanodispersion system and lowered antigen‐specific IgE levels in pollinosis model mice. Addition of the hydrophobic adju1vant R848 significantly lowered the antibody secretion and shifted the Th1/Th2‐balance toward Th1‐type immunity in the model mice, showing the potential to alleviate Japanese cedar pollinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Kitaoka
- Dept. of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Ayaka Naritomi
- Dept. of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kawabe
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Masamichi Kamihira
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Dept. of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan.,Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery Center Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Dept. of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan.,Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery Center Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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27
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Caisová V, Vieru A, Kumžáková Z, Glaserová S, Husníková H, Vácová N, Krejčová G, Paďouková L, Jochmanová I, Wolf KI, Chmelař J, Kopecký J, Ženka J. Innate immunity based cancer immunotherapy: B16-F10 murine melanoma model. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:940. [PMID: 27927165 PMCID: PMC5142338 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Using killed microorganisms or their parts to stimulate immunity for cancer treatment dates back to the end of 19th century. Since then, it undergone considerable development. Our novel approach binds ligands to the tumor cell surface, which stimulates tumor phagocytosis. The therapeutic effect is further amplified by simultaneous application of agonists of Toll-like receptors. We searched for ligands that induce both a strong therapeutic effect and are safe for humans. Methods B16-F10 murine melanoma model was used. For the stimulation of phagocytosis, mannan or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, was covalently bound to tumor cells or attached using hydrophobic anchor. The following agonists of Toll-like receptors were studied: monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), imiquimod (R-837), resiquimod (R-848), poly(I:C), and heat killed Listeria monocytogenes. Results R-848 proved to be the most suitable Toll-like receptor agonist for our novel immunotherapeutic approach. In combination with covalently bound mannan, R-848 significantly reduced tumor growth. Adding poly(I:C) and L. monocytogenes resulted in complete recovery in 83% of mice and in their protection from the re-transplantation of melanoma cells. Conclusion An efficient cancer treatment results from the combination of Toll-like receptor agonists and phagocytosis stimulating ligands bound to the tumor cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2982-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Caisová
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Andra Vieru
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kumžáková
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Glaserová
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Husníková
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Nikol Vácová
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Krejčová
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Paďouková
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Jochmanová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | | | - Jindřich Chmelař
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecký
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ženka
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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28
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Chen N, Collier MA, Gallovic MD, Collins GC, Sanchez CC, Fernandes EQ, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Degradation of acetalated dextran can be broadly tuned based on cyclic acetal coverage and molecular weight. Int J Pharm 2016; 512:147-157. [PMID: 27543351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) derived from acid-sensitive biopolymers enable rapid degradation and cargo release under acidic conditions, such as at tumor microenvironments, within lysosomal/phagosomal compartments inside phagocytic cells, or at sites of inflammation. One such acid-sensitive biopolymer, acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX), has tunable degradation rates and pH-neutral degradation byproducts consisting of dextran, acetone, and ethanol. By studying the degradation profiles of Ace-DEX MPs with varying cyclic acetal coverage (CAC) and dextran molecular weight (MW), we concluded that MPs composed of low CAC or high MW polymer degraded the fastest at both pH 7.4 and 5.0. To further understand the properties of this unique polymer, we encapsulated a model drug resiquimod, which is a toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist, into Ace-DEX MPs of different polymer CAC and dextran MW. It was observed that resiquimod was released faster from MPs of lower CAC or higher MW. By evaluating the activation of RAW macrophages cultured with different types of resiquimod-loaded Ace-DEX MPs, we found that MPs of lower CAC or higher MW promoted greater nitrite production and resulted in more robust cell activation. Our results indicate we can precisely control the degradation profile, release kinetics, and bioactivity of encapsulated cargos by altering CAC and MW, furthering Ace-DEX MPs' novelty as a drug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihan Chen
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Collier
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew D Gallovic
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Graham C Collins
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carla C Sanchez
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Q Fernandes
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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29
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Annamalai A, Ramakrishnan S, Sachan S, Kumar BSA, Sharma BK, Kumar V, Palanivelu M, Varghese BP, Kumar A, Saravanan BC, Krishnaswamy N. Prophylactic potential of resiquimod against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) challenge in the chicken. Vet Microbiol 2016; 187:21-30. [PMID: 27066705 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the prophylactic potential of resiquimod (R-848), a synthetic TLR7 agonist, against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) infection in chicken. Specific pathogen free White Leghorn chicks of three week age were treated with R-848 (50μg/bird, intramuscular) or PBS (n=26/group). Twenty four hour later, half of the birds from each group were challenged with 10(5) ELD50 of vvIBDV and observed for 10days. To understand the effect of R-848, immune response genes such as interferon (IFN)-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, iNOS and TLR7 were analyzed at 24 and 48h post-challenge in PBMCs ex vivo by real-time PCR (n=6/group). On day 4 post-challenge, representative birds (n=3/group) were sacrificed to study the bursal damage and IBDV antigen clearance. Immunosuppression was assessed by antibody response against live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine, which was administered on day 10 post-challenge. R-848 pre-treatment significantly upregulated the transcripts of each immune response gene studied (P<0.05). There was 50% mortality on vvIBDV challenge in control birds, while it was only 20% with R-848 group. R-848 pre-treatment reduced the bursal damage as indicated by lower bursal lesion score in histopathology, reduced IBDV antigen signal in immunohistochemistry and improved antigen clearance in agar gel immunodiffusion test. Further, it protected significantly against vvIBDV induced immunosuppression as indicated by HI antibody titre. It is concluded that pre-treatment of R-848 conferred partial protection from mortality and bursal damage while complete protection against immunosuppression in chicken when challenged with vvIBDV, which could be due to the upregulation of immune response genes.
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Ilyinskii PO, Roy CJ, O'Neil CP, Browning EA, Pittet LA, Altreuter DH, Alexis F, Tonti E, Shi J, Basto PA, Iannacone M, Radovic-Moreno AF, Langer RS, Farokhzad OC, von Andrian UH, Johnston LPM, Kishimoto TK. Adjuvant-carrying synthetic vaccine particles augment the immune response to encapsulated antigen and exhibit strong local immune activation without inducing systemic cytokine release. Vaccine 2014; 32:2882-95. [PMID: 24593999 PMCID: PMC4059049 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Augmentation of immunogenicity can be achieved by particulate delivery of an antigen and by its co-administration with an adjuvant. However, many adjuvants initiate strong systemic inflammatory reactions in vivo, leading to potential adverse events and safety concerns. We have developed a synthetic vaccine particle (SVP) technology that enables co-encapsulation of antigen with potent adjuvants. We demonstrate that co-delivery of an antigen with a TLR7/8 or TLR9 agonist in synthetic polymer nanoparticles results in a strong augmentation of humoral and cellular immune responses with minimal systemic production of inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, antigen encapsulated into nanoparticles and admixed with free TLR7/8 agonist leads to lower immunogenicity and rapid induction of high levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum (e.g., TNF-α and IL-6 levels are 50- to 200-fold higher upon injection of free resiquimod (R848) than of nanoparticle-encapsulated R848). Conversely, local immune stimulation as evidenced by cellular infiltration of draining lymph nodes and by intranodal cytokine production was more pronounced and persisted longer when SVP-encapsulated TLR agonists were used. The strong local immune activation achieved using a modular self-assembling nanoparticle platform markedly enhanced immunogenicity and was equally effective whether antigen and adjuvant were co-encapsulated in a single nanoparticle formulation or co-delivered in two separate nanoparticles. Moreover, particle encapsulation enabled the utilization of CpG oligonucleotides with the natural phosphodiester backbone, which are otherwise rapidly hydrolyzed by nucleases in vivo. The use of SVP may enable clinical use of potent TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants for indications where cellular immunity or robust humoral responses are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank Alexis
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Tonti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pamela A Basto
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aleksandar F Radovic-Moreno
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert S Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Omid C Farokhzad
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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