1
|
Binici B, Rattray Z, Schroeder A, Perrie Y. The Role of Biological Sex in Pre-Clinical (Mouse) mRNA Vaccine Studies. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:282. [PMID: 38543916 PMCID: PMC10975141 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we consider the influence of biological sex-specific immune responses on the assessment of mRNA vaccines in pre-clinical murine studies. Recognising the established disparities in immune function attributed to genetic and hormonal differences between individuals of different biological sexes, we compared the mRNA expression and immune responses in mice of both biological sexes after intramuscular injection with mRNA incorporated within lipid nanoparticles. Regarding mRNA expression, no significant difference in protein (luciferase) expression at the injection site was observed between female and male mice following intramuscular administration; however, we found that female BALB/c mice exhibit significantly greater total IgG responses across the concentration range of mRNA lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in comparison to their male counterparts. This study not only contributes to the scientific understanding of mRNA vaccine evaluation but also emphasizes the importance of considering biological sex in vaccine study designs during pre-clinical evaluation in murine studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Binici
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (B.B.); (Z.R.)
| | - Zahra Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (B.B.); (Z.R.)
| | - Avi Schroeder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (B.B.); (Z.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Daramy K, Punnabhum P, Hussain M, Minelli C, Pei Y, Rattray NJW, Perrie Y, Rattray Z. Nanoparticle Isolation from Biological Media for Protein Corona Analysis: The Impact of Incubation and Recovery Protocols on Nanoparticle Properties. J Pharm Sci 2023:S0022-3549(23)00565-8. [PMID: 38163549 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are increasingly implemented in biomedical applications, including the diagnosis and treatment of disease. When exposed to complex biological media, nanoparticles spontaneously interact with their surrounding environment, leading to the surface-adsorption of small and bio- macromolecules- termed the "corona". Corona composition is governed by nanoparticle properties and incubation parameters. While the focus of most studies is on the protein signature of the nanoparticle corona, the impact of experimental protocols on nanoparticle size in the presence of complex biological media, and the impact of nanoparticle recovery from biological media has not yet been reported. Here using a non-degradable robust model, we show how centrifugation-resuspension protocols used for the isolation of nanoparticles from incubation media, incubation duration and shear flow conditions alter nanoparticle parameters including particle size, zeta potential and total protein content. Our results show significant changes in nanoparticle size following exposure to media containing protein under different flow conditions, which also altered the composition of surface-adsorbed proteins profiled by SDS-PAGE. Our in situ analysis of nanoparticle size in media containing protein using particle tracking analysis highlights that centrifugation-resuspension is disruptive to agglomerates that are spontaneously formed in protein containing media, highlighting the need for in situ analytical methods that do not alter the intermediates formed following nanoparticle exposure to biological media. Nanomedicines are mostly intended for parenteral administration, and our findings show that parameters such as shear flow can significantly alter nanoparticle physicochemical parameters. Overall, we show that the centrifugation-resuspension isolation of nanoparticles from media significantly alters particle parameters in addition to the overall protein composition of surface-adsorbed proteins. We recommend that nanoparticle characterization pipelines studying bio-nano interactions during early nanomedicine development consider biologically-relevant shear flow conditions and media composition that can significantly alter particle physical parameters and subsequent conclusions from these studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Daramy
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Panida Punnabhum
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Muattaz Hussain
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Caterina Minelli
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Yiwen Pei
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Nicholas J W Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Zahra Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Parmaksız S, Pekcan M, Özkul A, Türkmen E, Rivero-Arredondo V, Ontiveros-Padilla L, Forbes N, Perrie Y, López-Macías C, Şenel S. In vivo evaluation of new adjuvant systems based on combination of Salmonella Typhi porins with particulate systems: Liposomes versus polymeric particles. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123568. [PMID: 37925042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines that have weak immunogenic activity require adjuvant systems for enhancedcellular and long-acting humoral immune responses. Both lipid-based and polymeric-based particulate adjuvants have been widely investigated to induce the desired immune responses against the subunit vaccines. The adjuvant efficacy of these particulate adjuvants depends upon their physicochemical properties such as particle size, surface charge, shape and their composition. Previously, we showed in vitro effect of adjuvant systems based on combination of chitosan and Salmonella Typhi porins in microparticle or nanoparticle form, which were spherical with positive surface charge. In the present study, we have further developed an adjuvant system based on combination of porins with liposomes (cationic and neutral) and investigated the adjuvant effect of both the liposomal and polymeric systems in BALB/c mice using a model antigen, ovalbumin. Humoral immune responses were determined following priming and booster dose at 15-day intervals. In overall, IgM and IgG levels were induced in the presence of both the liposomal and polymeric adjuvant systems indicating the positive impact of combination with porins. The highest IgM levels were obtained on Day 8, and liposomal adjuvant systems were found to elicit significantly higher IgM levels compared to polymeric systems. IgG levels were increased significantly after booster, particularly more profound with the micro-sized polymeric system when compared to cationic liposomal system with nano-size. Our results demonstrated that the developed particulate systems are promising both as an adjuvant and delivery system, providing enhanced immune responses against subunit antigens, and have the potential for long-term protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selin Parmaksız
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mert Pekcan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Özkul
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ece Türkmen
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vanessa Rivero-Arredondo
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI", Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Ontiveros-Padilla
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI", Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Neil Forbes
- University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Constantino López-Macías
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI", Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sevda Şenel
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oluwasanmi A, Lindsay S, Curtis A, Perrie Y, Hoskins C. Chain length impact on the retro Diels-Alder mediated release of gemcitabine from hybrid nanoparticles towards pancreatic cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123304. [PMID: 37572860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Previously reported gold coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Au-IONP's) have demonstrated their effectiveness as drug delivery vehicles for gemcitabine conjugated to a thermally labile Diels-Alder linker containing a chain of 4 carbon atoms (TTLD4) for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Heat generated via laser irradiation of Au-IONPs facilitated retro Diels-Alder mediated release in a burst release profile where approximately half of all total release over 180 min occurred within the first 5 min. Two analogues of TTLD4, which differ only in linker chain length (TTLD3 & TTLD6) were synthesised and conjugated to Au-IONP's. Heat-mediated release of gemcitabine at 45 °C over 180 min from these formulations was confirmed to be based on linker length, which was 94%, 76% and 45% for TTLD3, TTLD4 and TTLD6, respectively. Drug loading of the Diels-Alder linkers in a 5:1 Drug/Au-IONP w/w ratio appears to favour those containing an even number of carbons TTLD4 (76%) & TTLD6 (57%) over TTLD3 (25%), possibly due to the linker likely being positioned perpendicular to the Au-IONP surface because of the 120 °C-C bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeolu Oluwasanmi
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Sarah Lindsay
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Anthony Curtis
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Clare Hoskins
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Muñoz-Wolf N, Ward RW, Hearnden CH, Sharp FA, Geoghegan J, O’Grady K, McEntee CP, Shanahan KA, Guy C, Bowie AG, Campbell M, Roces C, Anderluzzi G, Webb C, Perrie Y, Creagh E, Lavelle EC. Non-canonical inflammasome activation mediates the adjuvanticity of nanoparticles. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100899. [PMID: 36652908 PMCID: PMC9873954 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The non-canonical inflammasome sensor caspase-11 and gasdermin D (GSDMD) drive inflammation and pyroptosis, a type of immunogenic cell death that favors cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in cancer, infection, and autoimmunity. Here we show that caspase-11 and GSDMD are required for CD8+ and Th1 responses induced by nanoparticulate vaccine adjuvants. We demonstrate that nanoparticle-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are size dependent and essential for CMI, and we identify 50- to 60-nm nanoparticles as optimal inducers of ROS, GSDMD activation, and Th1 and CD8+ responses. We reveal a division of labor for IL-1 and IL-18, where IL-1 supports Th1 and IL-18 promotes CD8+ responses. Exploiting size as a key attribute, we demonstrate that biodegradable poly-lactic co-glycolic acid nanoparticles are potent CMI-inducing adjuvants. Our work implicates ROS and the non-canonical inflammasome in the mode of action of polymeric nanoparticulate adjuvants and establishes adjuvant size as a key design principle for vaccines against cancer and intracellular pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Muñoz-Wolf
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland,Translational & Respiratory Immunology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland,Clinical Medicine Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin D24 NR04, Ireland
| | - Ross W. Ward
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Claire H. Hearnden
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Fiona A. Sharp
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Joan Geoghegan
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katie O’Grady
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Craig P. McEntee
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Katharine A. Shanahan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Coralie Guy
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Andrew G. Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carla.B. Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Giulia Anderluzzi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Cameron Webb
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Emma Creagh
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Ed C. Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 R590, Ireland,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Plant-Hately AJ, Eryilmaz B, David CAW, Brain DE, Heaton BJ, Perrie Y, Liptrott NJ. Exposure of the Basophilic Cell Line KU812 to Liposomes Reveals Activation Profiles Associated with Potential Anaphylactic Responses Linked to Physico-Chemical Characteristics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112470. [PMID: 36432660 PMCID: PMC9695975 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipidic nanoparticles (LNP), particularly liposomes, have been proven to be a successful and versatile platform for intracellular drug delivery for decades. Whilst primarily developed for small molecule delivery, liposomes have recently undergone a renaissance due to their success in vaccination strategies, delivering nucleic acids, in the COVID-19 pandemic. As such, liposomes are increasingly being investigated for the delivery of nucleic acids, beyond mRNA, as non-viral gene delivery vectors. Although not generally considered toxic, liposomes are increasingly shown to not be immunologically inert, which may have advantages in vaccine applications but may limit their use in other conditions where immunological responses may lead to adverse events, particularly those associated with complement activation. We sought to assess a small panel of liposomes varying in a number of physico-chemical characteristics associated with complement activation and inflammatory responses, and examine how basophil-like cells may respond to them. Basophils, as well as other cell types, are involved in the anaphylactic responses to liposomes but are difficult to isolate in sufficient numbers to conduct large scale analysis. Here, we report the use of the human KU812 cell line as a surrogate for primary basophils. Multiple phenotypic markers of activation were assessed, as well as the release of histamine and inflammasome activity within the cells. We found that larger liposomes were more likely to result in KU812 activation, and that non-PEGylated liposomes were potent stimulators of inflammasome activity (four-fold greater IL-1β secretion than untreated controls), and a lower ratio of cholesterol to lipid was also associated with greater IL-1β secretion ([Cholesterol:DSPC ratio] 1:10; 0.35 pg/mL IL-1β vs. 5:10; 0.1 pg/mL). Additionally, PEGylation appeared to be associated with direct KU812 activation. These results suggest possible mechanisms related to the consequences of complement activation that may be underpinned by basophilic cells, in addition to other immune cell types. Investigation of the mechanisms behind these responses, and their impact on use in vivo, are now warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Plant-Hately
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, UK
| | - Burcu Eryilmaz
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Christopher A. W. David
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, UK
| | - Danielle E. Brain
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, UK
| | - Bethany J. Heaton
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, UK
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Neill J. Liptrott
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)15-1795-7566
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Meewan J, Somani S, Almowalad J, Laskar P, Mullin M, MacKenzie G, Khadke S, Perrie Y, Dufès C. Preparation of Zein-Based Nanoparticles: Nanoprecipitation versus Microfluidic-Assisted Manufacture, Effects of PEGylation on Nanoparticle Characteristics and Cellular Uptake by Melanoma Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2809-2822. [PMID: 35791309 PMCID: PMC9250780 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s366138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The manufacture of nanoparticles using manual methods is hampered by its challenging scale-up and poor reproducibility. To overcome this issue, the production of zein nanoparticles entrapping a lipophilic drug model, coumarin-6, by using a microfluidic system was assessed in this study. The influence of PEG density and chain length on zein nanoparticle characteristics, as well as their uptake efficacy in melanoma cancer cells, was also evaluated. Methods Zein nanoparticles were prepared by both manual and microfluidic approaches to allow comparison between the two processes. PEGylated zein nanoparticles with various PEG densities and chain lengths were produced by nanoprecipitation and characterized. Their cellular uptake was evaluated on B16F10 melanoma cancer cells in vitro. Results Zein nanoparticles have successfully been produced by both manual and microfluidic approaches. Parameters such as total flow rate and flow rate ratio of the aqueous and organic phases in microfluidic process, as well as the method preparation and aqueous to organic phase volume ratio during nanoprecipitation, have been shown to strongly influence the characteristics of the resulting nanoparticles. Continuous microfluidics led to the production of nanoparticles with low yield and drug entrapment, unlike nanoprecipitation, which resulted in zein nanoparticles with an appropriate size and an optimal drug entrapment efficiency of 64%. The surface modification of the nanoparticles produced by nanoprecipitation, with lower PEG density and shorter PEG chain length made mPEG5K-zein (0.5:1) the most favorable formulation in our study, resulting in enhanced stability and higher coumarin-6 uptake by melanoma cancer cells. Conclusion mPEG5K-zein (0.5:1) nanoparticles prepared by nanoprecipitation were the most promising formulation in our study, exhibiting increased stability and enhancing coumarin-6 uptake by melanoma cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitkasem Meewan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Sukrut Somani
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Jamal Almowalad
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Partha Laskar
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Margaret Mullin
- Glasgow Imaging Facility, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Graeme MacKenzie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Swapnil Khadke
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Christine Dufès
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Matthew SAL, Rezwan R, Perrie Y, Seib FP. Volumetric Scalability of Microfluidic and Semi-Batch Silk Nanoprecipitation Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:2368. [PMID: 35408763 PMCID: PMC9000471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin nanoprecipitation by organic desolvation in semi-batch and microfluidic formats provides promising bottom-up routes for manufacturing narrow polydispersity, spherical silk nanoparticles. The translation of silk nanoparticle production to pilot, clinical, and industrial scales can be aided through insight into the property drifts incited by nanoprecipitation scale-up and the identification of critical process parameters to maintain throughout scaling. Here, we report the reproducibility of silk nanoprecipitation on volumetric scale-up in low-shear, semi-batch systems and estimate the reproducibility of chip parallelization for volumetric scale-up in a high shear, staggered herringbone micromixer. We showed that silk precursor feeds processed in an unstirred semi-batch system (mixing time > 120 s) displayed significant changes in the nanoparticle physicochemical and crystalline properties following a 12-fold increase in volumetric scale between 1.8 and 21.9 mL while the physicochemical properties stayed constant following a further 6-fold increase in scale to 138 mL. The nanoparticle physicochemical properties showed greater reproducibility after a 6-fold volumetric scale-up when using lower mixing times of greater similarity (8.4 s and 29.4 s) with active stirring at 400 rpm, indicating that the bulk mixing time and average shear rate should be maintained during volumetric scale-up. Conversely, microfluidic manufacture showed high between-batch repeatability and between-chip reproducibility across four participants and microfluidic chips, thereby strengthening chip parallelization as a production strategy for silk nanoparticles at pilot, clinical, and industrial scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saphia A. L. Matthew
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (S.A.L.M.); (Y.P.)
| | - Refaya Rezwan
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh;
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (S.A.L.M.); (Y.P.)
| | - F. Philipp Seib
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (S.A.L.M.); (Y.P.)
- EPSRC Future Manufacturing Research Hub for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Webb C, Ip S, Bathula NV, Popova P, Soriano SKV, Ly HH, Eryilmaz B, Nguyen Huu VA, Broadhead R, Rabel M, Villamagna I, Abraham S, Raeesi V, Thomas A, Clarke S, Ramsay EC, Perrie Y, Blakney AK. Current Status and Future Perspectives on MRNA Drug Manufacturing. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1047-1058. [PMID: 35238565 PMCID: PMC8905930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic launched an unprecedented global effort to rapidly develop vaccines to stem the spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines were developed quickly by companies that were actively developing mRNA therapeutics and vaccines for other indications, leading to two mRNA vaccines being not only the first SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to be approved for emergency use but also the first mRNA drugs to gain emergency use authorization and to eventually gain full approval. This was possible partly because mRNA sequences can be altered to encode nearly any protein without significantly altering its chemical properties, allowing the drug substance to be a modular component of the drug product. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology required to protect the ribonucleic acid (RNA) and mediate delivery into the cytoplasm of cells is likewise modular, as are technologies and infrastructure required to encapsulate the RNA into the LNP. This enabled the rapid adaptation of the technology to a new target. Upon the coattails of the clinical success of mRNA vaccines, this modularity will pave the way for future RNA medicines for cancer, gene therapy, and RNA engineered cell therapies. In this review, trends in the publication records and clinical trial registrations are tallied to show the sharp intensification in preclinical and clinical research for RNA medicines. Demand for the manufacturing of both the RNA drug substance (DS) and the LNP drug product (DP) has already been strained, causing shortages of the vaccine, and the rise in development and translation of other mRNA drugs in the coming years will exacerbate this strain. To estimate demand for DP manufacturing, the dosing requirements for the preclinical and clinical studies of the two approved mRNA vaccines were examined. To understand the current state of mRNA-LNP production, current methods and technologies are reviewed, as are current and announced global capacities for commercial manufacturing. Finally, a vision is rationalized for how emerging technologies such as self-amplifying mRNA, microfluidic production, and trends toward integrated and distributed manufacturing will shape the future of RNA manufacturing and unlock the potential for an RNA medicine revolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Webb
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and
Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street,
Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Shell Ip
- Precision NanoSystems Inc,
655 West Kent Avenue North Unit 50, Vancouver, British Columbia V6P 6T7,
Canada
| | - Nuthan V. Bathula
- Michael Smith Laboratories & School of Biomedical
Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall,
Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Petya Popova
- Michael Smith Laboratories & School of Biomedical
Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall,
Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shekinah K. V. Soriano
- Michael Smith Laboratories & School of Biomedical
Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall,
Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Han Han Ly
- Michael Smith Laboratories & School of Biomedical
Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall,
Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Burcu Eryilmaz
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and
Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street,
Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Viet Anh Nguyen Huu
- Precision NanoSystems Inc,
655 West Kent Avenue North Unit 50, Vancouver, British Columbia V6P 6T7,
Canada
| | - Richard Broadhead
- Precision NanoSystems Inc,
655 West Kent Avenue North Unit 50, Vancouver, British Columbia V6P 6T7,
Canada
| | - Martin Rabel
- Precision NanoSystems Inc,
655 West Kent Avenue North Unit 50, Vancouver, British Columbia V6P 6T7,
Canada
| | - Ian Villamagna
- Precision NanoSystems Inc,
655 West Kent Avenue North Unit 50, Vancouver, British Columbia V6P 6T7,
Canada
| | - Suraj Abraham
- Precision NanoSystems Inc,
655 West Kent Avenue North Unit 50, Vancouver, British Columbia V6P 6T7,
Canada
| | - Vahid Raeesi
- Precision NanoSystems Inc,
655 West Kent Avenue North Unit 50, Vancouver, British Columbia V6P 6T7,
Canada
| | - Anitha Thomas
- Precision NanoSystems Inc,
655 West Kent Avenue North Unit 50, Vancouver, British Columbia V6P 6T7,
Canada
| | - Samuel Clarke
- Precision NanoSystems Inc,
655 West Kent Avenue North Unit 50, Vancouver, British Columbia V6P 6T7,
Canada
| | - Euan C. Ramsay
- Precision NanoSystems Inc,
655 West Kent Avenue North Unit 50, Vancouver, British Columbia V6P 6T7,
Canada
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and
Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street,
Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Anna K. Blakney
- Michael Smith Laboratories & School of Biomedical
Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall,
Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Matthew SAL, Rezwan R, Kaewchuchuen J, Perrie Y, Seib FP. Mixing and flow-induced nanoprecipitation for morphology control of silk fibroin self-assembly. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7357-7373. [PMID: 35424679 PMCID: PMC8982335 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07764c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuning silk fibroin nanoparticle morphology using nanoprecipitation for bottom-up manufacture is an unexplored field that has the potential to improve particle performance characteristics. The aim of this work was to use both semi-batch bulk mixing and micro-mixing to modulate silk nanoparticle morphology by controlling the supersaturation and shear rate during nanoprecipitation. At flow rates where the shear rate was below the critical shear rate for silk, increasing the concentration of silk in both bulk and micro-mixing processes resulted in particle populations of increased sphericity, lower size, and lower polydispersity index. At high flow rates, where the critical shear rate was exceeded, the increased supersaturation with increasing concentration was counteracted by increased rates of shear-induced assembly. The morphology could be tuned from rod-like to spherical assemblies by increasing supersaturation of the high-shear micro-mixing process, thereby supporting a role for fast mixing in the production of narrow-polydispersity silk nanoparticles. This work provides new insight into the effects of shear during nanoprecipitation and provides a framework for scalable manufacture of spherical and rod-like silk nanoparticles. Tuning silk fibroin nanoparticle morphology using nanoprecipitation for bottom-up manufacture is an unexplored field that has the potential to improve particle performance characteristics.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saphia A L Matthew
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde 161 Cathedral Street Glasgow G4 0RE UK +44 (0)141 548 2510
| | - Refaya Rezwan
- Department of Pharmacy, ASA University Bangladesh 23/3 Bir Uttam A. N. M. Nuruzzaman Sarak Dhaka 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Jirada Kaewchuchuen
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde 161 Cathedral Street Glasgow G4 0RE UK +44 (0)141 548 2510.,Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy Bangkok Thailand
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde 161 Cathedral Street Glasgow G4 0RE UK +44 (0)141 548 2510
| | - F Philipp Seib
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde 161 Cathedral Street Glasgow G4 0RE UK +44 (0)141 548 2510.,EPSRC Future Manufacturing Research Hub for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre 99 George Street Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Iscaro A, Jones C, Forbes N, Mughal A, Howard FN, Janabi HA, Demiral S, Perrie Y, Essand M, Weglarz A, Cruz LJ, Lewis CE, Muthana M. Targeting circulating monocytes with CCL2-loaded liposomes armed with an oncolytic adenovirus. Nanomedicine 2022; 40:102506. [PMID: 34875352 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) selectively replicate in and destroy cancer cells resulting in anti-tumor immunity. However, clinical use remains a challenge because of virus clearance upon intravenous delivery. OV packaging using a nanomedicine approach could overcome this. Here we encapsulate an oncolytic adenovirus (Ad[I/PPT-E1A]) into CCL2-coated liposomes in order to exploit recruitment of CCR2-expressing circulating monocytes into tumors. We demonstrate successful encapsulation of Ad[I/PPT-E1A] into CCL2-coated liposomes that were preferentially taken up by CCR2-expressing monocytes. No complex-related toxicities were observed following incubation with prostate tumor cells and the encapsulation did not affect virus oncolytic activity in vitro. Furthermore, intravenous administration of our nanomedicine resulted in a significant reduction in tumor size and pulmonary metastasis in prostate cancer-bearing mice whereby a 1000-fold less virus was needed compared to Ad[I/PPT-E1A] alone. Taken together our data provide an opportunity to target OVs via circulation to inaccessible tumors using liposome-assisted drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Iscaro
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christian Jones
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Neil Forbes
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Amina Mughal
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Haider Al Janabi
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Secil Demiral
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Magnus Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Weglarz
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Department of Radiology, Division Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claire E Lewis
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Munitta Muthana
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anderluzzi G, Lou G, Woods S, Schmidt ST, Gallorini S, Brazzoli M, Johnson R, Roberts CW, O'Hagan DT, Baudner BC, Perrie Y. The role of nanoparticle format and route of administration on self-amplifying mRNA vaccine potency. J Control Release 2022; 342:388-399. [PMID: 34896446 PMCID: PMC8660137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of RNA-based vaccines has been recently demonstrated, leading to the use of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. The application of self-amplifying mRNA within these formulations may offer further enhancement to these vaccines, as self-amplifying mRNA replicons enable longer expression kinetics and more potent immune responses compared to non-amplifying mRNAs. To investigate the impact of administration route on RNA-vaccine potency, we investigated the immunogenicity of a self-amplifying mRNA encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein encapsulated in different nanoparticle platforms (solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)). These were administered via three different routes: intramuscular, intradermal and intranasal. Our studies in a mouse model show that the immunogenicity of our 4 different saRNA vaccine formulations after intramuscular or intradermal administration was initially comparable; however, ionizable LNPs gave higher long-term IgG responses. The clearance of all 4 of the nanoparticle formulations from the intramuscular or intradermal administration site was similar. In contrast, immune responses generated after intranasal was low and coupled with rapid clearance for the administration site, irrespective of the formulation. These results demonstrate that both the administration route and delivery system format dictate self-amplifying RNA vaccine efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Anderluzzi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK; GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Gustavo Lou
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK; GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Stuart Woods
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Signe Tandrup Schmidt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK; Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Craig W Roberts
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Matthew SAL, Rezwan R, Kaewchuchuen J, Perrie Y, Seib FP. Correction: Mixing and flow-induced nanoprecipitation for morphology control of silk fibroin self-assembly. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25006-25009. [PMID: 36199873 PMCID: PMC9450167 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra90071h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Correction for ‘Mixing and flow-induced nanoprecipitation for morphology control of silk fibroin self-assembly’ by Saphia A. L. Matthew et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 7357–7373. https://doi.org/10.2039/D1RA07764C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saphia A. L. Matthew
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Refaya Rezwan
- Department of Pharmacy, ASA University Bangladesh, 23/3 Bir Uttam A. N. M. Nuruzzaman Sarak, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Jirada Kaewchuchuen
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - F. Philipp Seib
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
- EPSRC Future Manufacturing Research Hub for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Roces CB, Christensen D, Perrie Y. Translating the fabrication of protein-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles from bench to scale-independent production using microfluidics. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 10:582-593. [PMID: 31919746 PMCID: PMC7228990 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the formulation of nanoparticles, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is commonly employed due to its Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency approval for human use, its ability to encapsulate a variety of moieties, its biocompatibility and biodegradability and its ability to offer a range of controlled release profiles. Common methods for the production of PLGA particles often adopt harsh solvents, surfactants/stabilisers and in general are multi-step and time-consuming processes. This limits the translation of these drug delivery systems from bench to bedside. To address this, we have applied microfluidic processes to develop a scale-independent platform for the manufacture, purification and monitoring of nanoparticles. Thereby, the influence of various microfluidic parameters on the physicochemical characteristics of the empty and the protein-loaded PLGA particles was evaluated in combination with the copolymer employed (PLGA 85:15, 75:25 or 50:50) and the type of protein loaded. Using this rapid production process, emulsifying/stabilising agents (such as polyvinyl alcohol) are not required. We also incorporate in-line purification systems and at-line particle size monitoring. Our results demonstrate the microfluidic control parameters that can be adopted to control particle size and the impact of PLGA copolymer type on the characteristics of the produced particles. With these nanoparticles, protein encapsulation efficiency varies from 8 to 50% and is controlled by the copolymer of choice and the production parameters employed; higher flow rates, combined with medium flow rate ratios (3:1), should be adopted to promote higher protein loading (% wt/wt). In conclusion, herein, we outline the process controls for the fabrication of PLGA polymeric nanoparticles incorporating proteins in a rapid and scalable manufacturing process. Scale-independent production of polymer nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla B Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Silk nanoparticles have demonstrated utility across a range of biomedical applications, especially as drug delivery vehicles. Their fabrication by bottom-up methods such as nanoprecipitation, rather than top-down manufacture, can improve critical nanoparticle quality attributes. Here, we establish a simple semi-batch method using drop-by-drop nanoprecipitation at the lab scale that reduces special-cause variation and improves mixing efficiency. The stirring rate was an important parameter affecting nanoparticle size and yield (400 < 200 < 0 rpm), while the initial dropping height (5.5 vs 7.5 cm) directly affected nanoparticle yield. Varying the nanoparticle standing time in the mother liquor between 0 and 24 h did not significantly affect nanoparticle physicochemical properties, indicating that steric and charge stabilizations result in high-energy barriers for nanoparticle growth. Manufacture across all tested formulations achieved nanoparticles between 104 and 134 nm in size with high β-sheet content, spherical morphology, and stability in aqueous media for over 1 month at 4 °C. This semi-automated drop-by-drop, semi-batch silk desolvation offers an accessible, higher-throughput platform for standardization of parameters that are difficult to control using manual methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saphia A L Matthew
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
| | - John D Totten
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K.,EPSRC Future Manufacturing Research Hub for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Suttinee Phuagkhaopong
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
| | - Gemma Egan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
| | - Kimia Witte
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
| | - F Philipp Seib
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K.,EPSRC Future Manufacturing Research Hub for Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.,Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Roces CB, Lou G, Jain N, Abraham S, Thomas A, Halbert GW, Perrie Y. Manufacturing Considerations for the Development of Lipid Nanoparticles Using Microfluidics. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1095. [PMID: 33203082 PMCID: PMC7697682 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent of years, the use of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for RNA delivery has gained considerable attention, with a large number in the clinical pipeline as vaccine candidates or to treat a wide range of diseases. Microfluidics offers considerable advantages for their manufacture due to its scalability, reproducibility and fast preparation. Thus, in this study, we have evaluated operating and formulation parameters to be considered when developing LNPs. Among them, the flow rate ratio (FRR) and the total flow rate (TFR) have been shown to significantly influence the physicochemical characteristics of the produced particles. In particular, increasing the TFR or increasing the FRR decreased the particle size. The amino lipid choice (cationic-DOTAP and DDAB; ionisable-MC3), buffer choice (citrate buffer pH 6 or TRIS pH 7.4) and type of nucleic acid payload (PolyA, ssDNA or mRNA) have also been shown to have an impact on the characteristics of these LNPs. LNPs were shown to have a high (>90%) loading in all cases and were below 100 nm with a low polydispersity index (≤0.25). The results within this paper could be used as a guide for the development and scalable manufacture of LNP systems using microfluidics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla B. Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.B.R.); (G.L.); (G.W.H.)
| | - Gustavo Lou
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.B.R.); (G.L.); (G.W.H.)
| | - Nikita Jain
- Precision NanoSystems Inc., #50 655 W Kent Ave N, Vancouver, BC V6P 6T7, Canada; (N.J.); (S.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Suraj Abraham
- Precision NanoSystems Inc., #50 655 W Kent Ave N, Vancouver, BC V6P 6T7, Canada; (N.J.); (S.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Anitha Thomas
- Precision NanoSystems Inc., #50 655 W Kent Ave N, Vancouver, BC V6P 6T7, Canada; (N.J.); (S.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Gavin W. Halbert
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.B.R.); (G.L.); (G.W.H.)
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.B.R.); (G.L.); (G.W.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Anderluzzi G, Schmidt ST, Cunliffe R, Woods S, Roberts CW, Veggi D, Ferlenghi I, O'Hagan DT, Baudner BC, Perrie Y. Rational design of adjuvants for subunit vaccines: The format of cationic adjuvants affects the induction of antigen-specific antibody responses. J Control Release 2020; 330:933-944. [PMID: 33152394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A range of cationic delivery systems have been investigated as vaccine adjuvants, though few direct comparisons exist. To investigate the impact of the delivery platform, we prepared four cationic systems (emulsions, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles and solid lipid nanoparticles) all containing equal concentrations of the cationic lipid dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide in combination with the Neisseria adhesin A variant 3 subunit antigen. The formulations were physicochemically characterized and their ability to associate with cells and promote antigen processing (based on degradation of DQ-OVA, a substrate for proteases which upon hydrolysis is fluorescent) was compared in vitro and their vaccine efficacy (antigen-specific antibody responses and IFN-γ production) and biodistribution (antigen and adjuvant) were evaluated in vivo. Due to their cationic nature, all delivery systems gave high antigen loading (> 85%) with liposomes, lipid nanoparticles and emulsions being <200 nm, whilst polymeric nanoparticles were larger (~350 nm). In vitro, the particulate systems tended to promote cell uptake and antigen processing, whilst emulsions were less effective. Similarly, whilst the particulate delivery systems induced a depot (of both delivery system and antigen) at the injection site, the cationic emulsions did not. However, out of the systems tested the cationic emulsions induced the highest antibody responses. These results demonstrate that while cationic lipids can have strong adjuvant activity, their formulation platform influences their immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Anderluzzi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Signe Tandrup Schmidt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen S 2300, Denmark
| | - Robert Cunliffe
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Stuart Woods
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Craig W Roberts
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Roces CB, Port EC, Daskalakis NN, Watts JA, Aylott JW, Halbert GW, Perrie Y. Rapid scale-up and production of active-loaded PEGylated liposomes. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119566. [PMID: 32622812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Manufacturing of liposomal nanomedicines (e.g. Doxil®/Caelyx®) is a challenging and slow process based on multiple-vessel and batch processing techniques. As a result, the translation of these nanomedicines from bench to bedside has been limited. Microfluidic-based manufacturing offers the opportunity to address this issue, and de-risk the wider adoption of nanomedicines. Here we demonstrate the applicability of microfluidics for continuous manufacturing of PEGylated liposomes encapsulating ammonium sulfate (250 mM). Doxorubicin was subsequently active-loaded into these pre-formed liposomes. Critical process parameters and material considerations demonstrated to influence the liposomal product attributes included solvent selection and lipid concentration, flow rate ratio, and temperature and duration used for drug loading. However, the total flow rate did not affect the liposome product characteristics, allowing high production speeds to be adopted. The final liposomal product comprised of 80-100 nm vesicles (PDI < 0.2) encapsulating ≥ 90% doxorubicin, with matching release profiles to the innovator product and is stable for at least 6 months. Additionally, vincristine and acridine orange were active-loaded into these PEGylated liposomes (≥ 90% and ~100 nm in size) using the same process. These results demonstrate the ability to produce active-loaded PEGylated liposomes with high encapsulation efficiencies and particle sizes which support tumour targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla B Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland G4 0RE, UK
| | - Emily Charlotte Port
- Centre for Process Innovation, The Coxon Building, John Walker Road, Sedgefield, England TS21 3FE, UK
| | - Nikolaos N Daskalakis
- Centre for Process Innovation, The Coxon Building, John Walker Road, Sedgefield, England TS21 3FE, UK
| | - Julie A Watts
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, England NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jonathan W Aylott
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, England NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gavin W Halbert
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland G4 0RE, UK
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland G4 0RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Khadke S, Roces CB, Donaghey R, Giacobbo V, Su Y, Perrie Y. Scalable solvent-free production of liposomes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1328-1340. [PMID: 32671856 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A major challenge faced with the manufacture of liposomes is the high volumes of organic solvents used during manufacturing. Therefore, we have implemented an organic solvent-free production method for drug-loaded liposomes and demonstrated its applicability with both aqueous core-loaded and bilayer-loaded drugs. METHODS Liposomes were produced by high shear mixing dry powder lipids with an aqueous buffer, followed by down-sizing using a Microfluidizer processor. Liposomes were purified via tangential flow filtration and characterised in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and drug loading. KEY FINDINGS Doxorubicin-loaded PEGylated liposomes can be manufactured using this solvent-free method with particle sizes of 100-110 nm, low polydispersity index (PDI) (<0.2) and high drug loading (97-98%). If required, liposomes can be further down-sized via microfluidic processing without impacting drug loading. Similar results were achieved with non-PEGylated liposomes. With bilayer-loaded amphotericin B liposomes, again liposomes can be prepared within a clinically appropriate size range (100-110 nm in size, low PDI) with high drug loading (98-100%). CONCLUSIONS We apply a simple and scalable solvent-free method for the production of both aqueous core or bilayer drug-loaded liposomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Khadke
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carla B Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachel Donaghey
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Valeria Giacobbo
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yang Su
- Microfluidics International Corporation, Westwood, MA, USA
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chatzikleanthous D, Schmidt ST, Buffi G, Paciello I, Cunliffe R, Carboni F, Romano MR, O'Hagan DT, D'Oro U, Woods S, Roberts CW, Perrie Y, Adamo R. Design of a novel vaccine nanotechnology-based delivery system comprising CpGODN-protein conjugate anchored to liposomes. J Control Release 2020; 323:125-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
21
|
Lou G, Anderluzzi G, Schmidt ST, Woods S, Gallorini S, Brazzoli M, Giusti F, Ferlenghi I, Johnson RN, Roberts CW, O'Hagan DT, Baudner BC, Perrie Y. Delivery of self-amplifying mRNA vaccines by cationic lipid nanoparticles: The impact of cationic lipid selection. J Control Release 2020; 325:370-379. [PMID: 32619745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Self-amplifying RNA (SAM) represents a versatile tool that can be used to develop potent vaccines, potentially able to elicit strong antigen-specific humoral and cellular-mediated immune responses to virtually any infectious disease. To protect the SAM from degradation and achieve efficient delivery, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), particularly those based on ionizable amino-lipids, are commonly adopted. Herein, we compared commonly available cationic lipids, which have been broadly used in clinical investigations, as an alternative to ionizable lipids. To this end, a SAM vaccine encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) was used. The cationic lipids investigated included 3ß-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]cholesterol (DC-Chol), dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA), 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), 1,2-dimyristoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DMTAP), 1,2-stearoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DSTAP) and N-(4-carboxybenzyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2,3-bis(oleoyloxy)propan-1-aminium (DOBAQ). Whilst all cationic LNP (cLNP) formulations promoted high association with cells in vitro, those formulations containing the fusogenic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) in combination with DOTAP or DDA were the most efficient at inducing antigen expression. Therefore, DOTAP and DDA formulations were selected for further in vivo studies and were compared to benchmark ionizable LNPs (iLNPs). Biodistribution studies revealed that DDA-cLNPs remained longer at the injection site compared to DOTAP-cLNPs and iLNPs when administered intramuscularly in mice. Both the cLNP formulations and the iLNPs induced strong humoral and cellular-mediated immune responses in mice that were not significantly different at a 1.5 µg SAM dose. In summary, cLNPs based on DOTAP and DDA are an efficient alternative to iLNPs to deliver SAM vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Lou
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., G4 0RE Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Anderluzzi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., G4 0RE Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Signe Tandrup Schmidt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., G4 0RE Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Stuart Woods
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., G4 0RE Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Craig W Roberts
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., G4 0RE Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St., G4 0RE Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Warraich AA, Mohammed AR, Perrie Y, Hussain M, Gibson H, Rahman A. Evaluation of anti-biofilm activity of acidic amino acids and synergy with ciprofloxacin on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9021. [PMID: 32488138 PMCID: PMC7265346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic amino acids, aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu) can enhance the solubility of many poorly soluble drugs including ciprofloxacin (Cip). One of the mechanisms of resistance within a biofilm is retardation of drug diffusion due to poor penetration across the matrix. To overcome this challenge, this work set to investigate novel counter ion approach with acidic amino acids, which we hypothesised will disrupt the biofilm matrix as well as simultaneously improve drug effectiveness. The anti-biofilm activity of D-Asp and D-Glu was studied on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Synergistic effect of combining D-amino acids with Cip was also investigated as a strategy to overcome anti-microbial resistance in these biofilms. Interestingly at equimolar combinations, D-Asp and D-Glu were able to significantly disperse (at 20 mM and 40 mM) established biofilms and inhibit (at 10 mM, 20 mM and 40 mM) new biofilm formation in the absence of an antibiotic. Moreover, our study confirmed L-amino acids also exhibit anti-biofilm activity. The synergistic effect of acidic amino acids with Cip was observed at lower concentration ranges (<40 mM amino acids and <90.54 µM, respectively), which resulted in 96.89% (inhibition) and 97.60% (dispersal) reduction in CFU with exposure to 40 mM amino acids. Confocal imaging indicated that the amino acids disrupt the honeycomb-like extracellular DNA (eDNA) meshwork whilst also preventing its formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annsar A Warraich
- Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
- University of Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | - Yvonne Perrie
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, Scotland
| | | | - Hazel Gibson
- University of Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Ayesha Rahman
- University of Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, Wolverhampton, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chatzikleanthous D, Cunliffe R, Carboni F, Romano MR, O'Hagan DT, Roberts CW, Perrie Y, Adamo R. Synthesis of protein conjugates adsorbed on cationic liposomes surface. MethodsX 2020; 7:100942. [PMID: 32551244 PMCID: PMC7289768 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-known Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist CpG ODN has shown promising results as vaccine adjuvant in preclinical and clinical studies, however its in vivo stability and potential systemic toxicity remain a concern. In an effort to overcome these issues, different strategies have been explored including conjugation of CpG ODN with proteins or encapsulation/adsorption of CpG ODN into/onto liposomes. Although these methods have resulted in enhanced immunopotency compared to co-administration of free CpG ODN and antigen, we believe that this effect could be further improved. Here, we designed a novel delivery system of CpG ODN based on its conjugation to serve as anchor for liposomes. Thiol-maleimide chemistry was utilised to covalently ligate model protein with the CpG ODN TLR9 agonist. Due to its negative charge, the protein conjugate readily electrostatically bound cationic liposomes composed of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), cholesterol and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) in a very high degree. The novel cationic liposomes-protein conjugate complex shared similar vesicle characteristics (size and charge) compared to free liposomes. The conjugation of CpG ODN to protein in conjunction with adsorption on cationic liposomes, could promote co-delivery leading to the induction of immune response at low antigen and CpG ODN doses.The CpG ODN Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 agonist was conjugated to protein antigens via thiol-maleimide chemistry. Due to their negative charge, protein conjugates readily electrostatically bound cationic liposomes composed of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), cholesterol and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) resulting to the design of novel cationic liposomes-protein conjugate complexes. The method is suited for the liposomal delivery of a variety of adjuvant-protein conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Despo Chatzikleanthous
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, G4 0RE Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Cunliffe
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, G4 0RE Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Craig W Roberts
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, G4 0RE Glasgow, UK
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, G4 0RE Glasgow, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Anderluzzi G, Lou G, Su Y, Perrie Y. Scalable Manufacturing Processes for Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Pharm Nanotechnol 2020; 7:444-459. [PMID: 31840610 DOI: 10.2174/2211738507666190925112942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid lipid nanoparticles offer a range of advantages as delivery systems but they are limited by effective manufacturing processes. OBJECTIVE In this study, we outline a high-throughput and scalable manufacturing process for solid lipid nanoparticles. METHODS The solid lipid nanoparticles were formulated from a combination of tristearin and 1,2-Distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-methyl-polyethyleneglycol conjugate-2000 and manufactured using the M-110P Microfluidizer processor (Microfluidics Inc, Westwood, Massachusetts, US). RESULTS The manufacturing process was optimized in terms of the number of process cycles (1 to 5) and operating pressure (20,000 to 30,000 psi). The solid lipid nanoparticles were purified using tangential flow filtration and they were characterized in terms of their size, PDI, Z-potential and protein loading. At-line particle size monitoring was also incorporated within the process. Our results demonstrate that solid lipid nanoparticles can be effectively manufactured using this process at pressures of 20,000 psi with as little as 2 process passes, with purification and removal of non-entrapped protein achieved after 12 diafiltration cycles. Furthermore, the size could be effectively monitored at-line to allow rapid process control monitoring and product validation. CONCLUSION Using this method, protein-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles containing a low (1%) and high (16%) Pegylation were manufactured, purified and monitored for particle size using an at-line system demonstrating a scalable process for the manufacture of these nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Anderluzzi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - Gustavo Lou
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - Yang Su
- Microfluidics International Corporation, Westwood, Massachusetts, MA 022090, United States
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Griffiths HR, Rooney MCO, Perrie Y. Does Dysregulation of Redox State Underpin the Decline of Innate Immunity with Aging? Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1014-1030. [PMID: 31989832 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Antibacterial defense invokes the innate immune system as a first responder, with neutrophils phagocytozing and forming neutrophil extracellular traps around pathogens in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner. Increased NOX2 activity and mitochondrial ROS production in phagocytic, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) affect local cytokine secretion and proteolysis of antigens for presentation to T cells at the immune synapse. Uncontrolled oxidative post-translational modifications to surface and cytoplasmic proteins in APCs during aging can impair innate immunity. Recent Advances: NOX2 plays a role in the maturation of dendritic cells, but paradoxically NOX2 activity has also been shown to promote viral pathogenicity. Accumulating evidence suggests that a reducing environment is essential to inhibit pathogen proliferation, facilitate antigenic processing in the endosomal lumen, and enable an effective immune synapse between APCs and T cells. This suggests that the kinetics and location of ROS production and reducing potential are important for effective innate immunity. Critical Issues: During aging, innate immune cells are less well able to phagocytoze, kill bacteria/viruses, and process proteins into antigenic peptides-three key steps that are necessary for developing a specific targeted response to protect against future exposure. Aberrant control of ROS production and impaired Nrf2-dependent reducing potential may contribute to age-associated immune decline. Future Directions: Local changes in redox potential may be achieved through adjuvant formulations to improve innate immunity. Further work is needed to understand the timing of delivery for redox modulators to facilitate innate immune cell recruitment, survival, antigen processing and presentation activity without disrupting essential ROS-dependent bacterial killing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Griffiths
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C O Rooney
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Webb C, Forbes N, Roces CB, Anderluzzi G, Lou G, Abraham S, Ingalls L, Marshall K, Leaver TJ, Watts JA, Aylott JW, Perrie Y. Using microfluidics for scalable manufacturing of nanomedicines from bench to GMP: A case study using protein-loaded liposomes. Int J Pharm 2020; 582:119266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
27
|
Roces CB, Hussain MT, Schmidt ST, Christensen D, Perrie Y. Investigating Prime-Pull Vaccination through a Combination of Parenteral Vaccination and Intranasal Boosting. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 8:vaccines8010010. [PMID: 31906072 PMCID: PMC7157738 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Formulation of inhalable delivery systems containing tuberculosis (TB) antigens to target the site of infection (lungs) have been considered for the development of subunit vaccines. Inert delivery systems such as poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are an interesting approach due to its approval for human use. However, PLGA suffers hydrolytic degradation when stored in a liquid environment for prolonged time. Therefore, in this study, nano- and microparticles composed of different PLGA copolymers (50:50, 75:25 and 85:15), sucrose (10% w/v) and L-leucine (1% w/v) encapsulating H56 TB vaccine candidate were produced as dried powders. In vitro studies in three macrophage cell lines (MH-S, RAW264.7 and THP-1) showed the ability of these cells to take up the formulated PLGA:H56 particles and process the antigen. An in vivo prime-pull immunisation approach consisting of priming with CAF01:H56 (2 × subcutaneous (s.c.) injection) followed by a mucosal boost with PLGA:H56 (intranasal (i.n.) administration) demonstrated the retention of the immunogenicity of the antigen encapsulated within the lyophilised PLGA delivery system, although no enhancing effect could be observed compared to the administration of antigen alone as a boost. The work here could provide the foundations for the scale independent manufacture of polymer delivery systems encapsulating antigens for inhalation/aerolisation to the lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla B. Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.B.R.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Maryam T. Hussain
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.B.R.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Signe T. Schmidt
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.T.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.T.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.B.R.); (M.T.H.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Webb C, Khadke S, Tandrup Schmidt S, Roces CB, Forbes N, Berrie G, Perrie Y. The Impact of Solvent Selection: Strategies to Guide the Manufacturing of Liposomes Using Microfluidics. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E653. [PMID: 31817217 PMCID: PMC6955969 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the impact of solvent selection on the microfluidic production of liposomes. To achieve this, liposomes were manufactured using small-scale and bench-scale microfluidics systems using three aqueous miscible solvents (methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, alone or in combination). Liposomes composed of different lipid compositions were manufactured using these different solvents and characterised to investigate the influence of solvents on liposome attributes. Our studies demonstrate that solvent selection is a key consideration during the microfluidics manufacturing process, not only when considering lipid solubility but also with regard to the resultant liposome critical quality attributes. In general, reducing the polarity of the solvent (from methanol to isopropanol) increased the liposome particle size without impacting liposome short-term stability or release characteristics. Furthermore, solvent combinations such as methanol/isopropanol mixtures can be used to modify solvent polarity and the resultant liposome particle size. However, the impact of solvent choice on the liposome product is also influenced by the liposome formulation; liposomes containing charged lipids tended to show more sensitivity to solvent selection and formulations containing increased concentrations of cholesterol or pegylated-lipids were less influenced by the choice of solvent. Indeed, incorporation of 14 wt% or more of pegylated-lipid was shown to negate the impact of solvent selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Webb
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.W.); (S.K.); (S.T.S.); (C.B.R.); (N.F.); (G.B.)
| | - Swapnil Khadke
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.W.); (S.K.); (S.T.S.); (C.B.R.); (N.F.); (G.B.)
| | - Signe Tandrup Schmidt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.W.); (S.K.); (S.T.S.); (C.B.R.); (N.F.); (G.B.)
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Carla B. Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.W.); (S.K.); (S.T.S.); (C.B.R.); (N.F.); (G.B.)
| | - Neil Forbes
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.W.); (S.K.); (S.T.S.); (C.B.R.); (N.F.); (G.B.)
| | - Gillian Berrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.W.); (S.K.); (S.T.S.); (C.B.R.); (N.F.); (G.B.)
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.W.); (S.K.); (S.T.S.); (C.B.R.); (N.F.); (G.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hussain MT, Forbes N, Perrie Y, Malik KP, Duru C, Matejtschuk P. Freeze-drying cycle optimization for the rapid preservation of protein-loaded liposomal formulations. Int J Pharm 2019; 573:118722. [PMID: 31705976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Technology such as the use of microfluidics to generate liposomes has been well researched, yet the stabilisation of liposomal formulations is a major challenge to their greater implementation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the use of 96 well plates to freeze-dry ovalbumin (OVA) loaded neutral (DMPC:Chol and DSPC:Chol), anionic (DSPC:Chol:PS) and cationic (DSPC:Chol:DOTAP) liposomes. Through the use of high throughput screening, a freeze drying cycle was optimised; ramp freezing from from 4 °C to -45 °C, followed by primary drying at -30 °C and secondary drying at 30 °C under a vacuum of 0.1 mBar. These parameters maintained liposome physicochemical properties, with the liposomes remaining below 100 nm and were homogenous (polydispersity index of less than 0.2 post rehydration). Minimal leakage of the OVA protein was observed, with almost 100% OVA remaining encapsulated post rehydration of the formulations. Here we have identified a simple method that allows for the rapid screening and freeze-drying of a range of liposomal formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam T Hussain
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Forbes
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kiran P Malik
- Standardisation Science, National Institute for Biological Standards & Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Chinwe Duru
- Standardisation Science, National Institute for Biological Standards & Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Matejtschuk
- Standardisation Science, National Institute for Biological Standards & Control (NIBSC), Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lou G, Anderluzzi G, Woods S, Roberts CW, Perrie Y. A novel microfluidic-based approach to formulate size-tuneable large unilamellar cationic liposomes: Formulation, cellular uptake and biodistribution investigations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 143:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
31
|
Roces CB, Khadke S, Christensen D, Perrie Y. Scale-Independent Microfluidic Production of Cationic Liposomal Adjuvants and Development of Enhanced Lymphatic Targeting Strategies. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4372-4386. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla B. Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - Swapnil Khadke
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Joshi S, Bawage S, Tiwari P, Kirby D, Perrie Y, Dennis V, Singh SR. Liposomes: a promising carrier for respiratory syncytial virus therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:969-980. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1652268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Joshi
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Swapnil Bawage
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pooja Tiwari
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel Kirby
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vida Dennis
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Shree R Singh
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Caucasian population groups have a higher propensity to develop skin cancer, and associated clinical interventions often present substantial financial burden on healthcare services. Conventional treatments are often not suitable for all patient groups as a result of poor efficacy and toxicity profiles. The primary objective of this study was to develop a deformable liposomal formulation, the properties of which being dictated by the surfactant Tween 20, for the dermal cellular delivery of epigallocatechin gallatein (EGCG), a compound possessing antineoplastic properties. The results demonstrated a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in liposome deformability index (74 ± 8 to 37 ± 7) as Tween 20 loading increased from 0 to 10% w/w, indicating an increase in elasticity. EGCG release over 24-h demonstrated Tween 20 incorporation directly increased release from 13.7% ± 1.1% to 94.4% ± 4.9% (for 0 and 10% w/w Tween 20 respectively). Finally, we demonstrated DilC-loaded deformable liposomes were localized intracellularly within human dermal fibroblast and keratinocyte cells within 2 h. Thus, it was evident that deformable liposomes may aid drug penetration into dermal cells and would be useful in developing a controlled-release formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Marwah
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Y Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - R K S Badhan
- Life and Health Sciences, Aston University Aston Health Research Group, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Lowry
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wahlich J, Desai A, Greco F, Hill K, Jones AT, Mrsny RJ, Pasut G, Perrie Y, Seib FP, Seymour LW, Uchegbu IF. Nanomedicines for the Delivery of Biologics. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E210. [PMID: 31058802 PMCID: PMC6572454 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A special symposium of the Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nanomedicines Focus Group reviewed the current status of the use of nanomedicines for the delivery of biologics drugs. This meeting was particularly timely with the recent approval of the first siRNA-containing product Onpattro™ (patisiran), which is formulated as a lipid nanoparticle for intravenous infusion, and the increasing interest in the use of nanomedicines for the oral delivery of biologics. The challenges in delivering such molecules were discussed with specific emphasis on the delivery both across and into cells. The latest developments in Molecular Envelope Technology® (Nanomerics Ltd, London, UK), liposomal drug delivery (both from an academic and industrial perspective), opportunities offered by the endocytic pathway, delivery using genetically engineered viral vectors (PsiOxus Technologies Ltd, Abingdon, UK), Transint™ technology (Applied Molecular Transport Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA), which has the potential to deliver a wide range of macromolecules, and AstraZeneca's initiatives in mRNA delivery were covered with a focus on their uses in difficult to treat diseases, including cancers. Preclinical data were presented for each of the technologies and where sufficiently advanced, plans for clinical studies as well as early clinical data. The meeting covered the work in progress in this exciting area and highlighted some key technologies to look out for in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Wahlich
- The Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4 Heydon Road, Great Chishill, Royston SG8 8SR, UK.
| | - Arpan Desai
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK.
| | - Francesca Greco
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Kathryn Hill
- Global Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK.
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK.
| | - Randall J Mrsny
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Gianfranco Pasut
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Department, University of Padova, F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - F Philipp Seib
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Leonard W Seymour
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pollard J, Rajabi-Siahboomi A, Badhan RKS, Mohammed AR, Perrie Y. High-throughput screening of excipients with a biological effect: a kinetic study on the effects of surfactants on efflux-mediated transport. J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 71:889-897. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
In this study, we develop and apply a high-throughput screening protocol to investigate the activity of non-ionic surfactants, with a broad range of hydrophilic–lipophilic balance values, against ABCB1-mediated efflux transport and ABCC2-mediated efflux transport.
Methods
Caco-2 cells were grown for 7 days in 96-well plates, then washed and incubated with the test materials for 2 h in the presence of 2.5 μm of either rhodamine 123 (R-123) or 5(6)-Carboxy-2′,7′ dichlorofluorescein diacetate as probes of ABCB1 and ABCC2, respectively.
Key findings
Of the surfactants tested, no activity against ABCC2 was detected and all surfactants showing efficacy against ABCB1 had a HLB value of 22 or below. Inhibition of ABCB1 was seen in the order of efficacy to be poloxamer 335 > poloxamer 40 > Crovol A-70 > Myrj S-40 > poloxamer 184 > poloxamer 182 > Etocas 40 > Tween 20 > Etocas 29 > Tween 80 > Acconon C-44 > Span 20. With regard to this inhibition, the distribution of hydrophilic regions is more important than the HLB value.
Conclusion
This work demonstrates a high-throughput protocol for detecting materials that can modulate ABCB1-mediated efflux. These surfactants could be exploited to improve oral delivery of drugs prone to efflux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Pollard
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Raj K S Badhan
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Afzal R Mohammed
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Forbes N, Hussain MT, Briuglia ML, Edwards DP, Horst JHT, Szita N, Perrie Y. Rapid and scale-independent microfluidic manufacture of liposomes entrapping protein incorporating in-line purification and at-line size monitoring. Int J Pharm 2018; 556:68-81. [PMID: 30503269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Within this paper we present work that has the ability to de-risk the translation of liposomes from bench to the clinic. We have used microfluidics for the rapid and scale-independent manufacture of liposomes and have incorporated in-line purification and at-line monitoring of particle size. Using this process, we have manufactured a range of neutral and anionic liposomes incorporating protein. Factors investigated include the microfluidics operating parameters (flow rate ratio (FRR) and total flow rate (TFR)) and the liposome formulation. From these studies, we demonstrate that FRR is a key factor influencing liposome size, protein loading and release profiles. The liposome formulations produced by microfluidics offer high protein loading (20-35%) compared to production by sonication or extrusion (<5%). This high loading achieved by microfluidics results from the manufacturing process and is independent of lipid selection and concentration across the range tested. Using in-line purification and at-line size monitoring, we outline the normal operating range for effective production of size controlled (60-100 nm), homogenous (PDI <0.2) high load liposomes. This easy microfluidic process provides a translational manufacturing pathway for liposomes in a wide-range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Forbes
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral St, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam T Hussain
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral St, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Maria L Briuglia
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George St, Glasgow, G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Darren P Edwards
- Drug Discovery Unit, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow St, Dundee, Scotland DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Joop H Ter Horst
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George St, Glasgow, G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral St, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wilkinson A, Lattmann E, Roces CB, Pedersen GK, Christensen D, Perrie Y. Lipid conjugation of TLR7 agonist Resiquimod ensures co-delivery with the liposomal Cationic Adjuvant Formulation 01 (CAF01) but does not enhance immunopotentiation compared to non-conjugated Resiquimod+CAF01. J Control Release 2018; 291:1-10. [PMID: 30291987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are important in the induction and activation of two critical arms of the host defence to pathogens and microorganisms: the rapid innate immune response (as characterised by the production of Th1 promoting cytokines and type 1 interferons) and the adaptive immune response. Through this activation, ligands and agonists of TLRs can enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy. Resiquimod is a small (water-soluble) agonist of the endosome-located Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8). However due to its molecular attributes it rapidly distributes throughout the body after injection. To circumvent this, these TLR agonists can be incorporated within delivery systems, such as liposomes, to promote the co-delivery of both antigen and agonists to antigen presenting cells. In this present study, resiquimod has been chemically conjugated to a lipid to form a lipid-TLR7/8 agonist conjugate which can be incorporated within immunogenic cationic liposomes composed of dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) and the immunostimulatory glycolipid trehalose 6,6' - dibehenate (TDB). This DDA:TDB-TLR7/8 formulation offers similar vesicle characteristics to DDA:TDB (size and charge) and offers high retention of both resiquimod and the electrostatically adsorbed TB subunit antigen Ag85B-ESAT6-Rv2660c (H56). Following immunisation through the intramuscular (i.m.) route, these cationic DDA:TDB-TLR7/8 liposomes form a vaccine depot at the injection site. However, immunisation studies have shown that this biodistribution does not translate into notably increased antibody nor Th1 responses at the spleen and draining popliteal lymph node compared to DDA:TDB liposomes. This work demonstrates that the conjugation of TLR7/8 agonists to cationic liposomes can promote co-delivery but the immune responses stimulated do not merit the added complexity considerations of the formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Lattmann
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carla B Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Gabriel K Pedersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gadd AJR, Castelletto V, Kabova E, Shankland K, Perrie Y, Hamley I, Cobb AJA, Greco F, Edwards AD. High potency of lipid conjugated TLR7 agonist requires nanoparticulate or liposomal formulation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 123:268-276. [PMID: 30048801 PMCID: PMC6137072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of small molecule agonists of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) to proteins, lipids, or polymers is known to modulate potency, and the physical form or formulation of these conjugates is likely to have a major effect on their immunostimulatory activity. Here, we studied the effect of formulation on potency of a 1,2‑di‑(9Z‑octadecenoyl)‑sn‑glycero‑3‑phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) conjugated TLR7 agonist (DOPE-TLR7a) alongside assessing physical form using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Nanosight Particle Tracking (NTA) analysis and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). A very high potency of DOPE-TLR7a conjugate (EC50 around 9 nM) was observed either when prepared by direct dilution from DMSO or when formulated into 400-700 nm large multilamella liposomes containing dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide salt (DDA) and DOPE. When prepared by dissolution in DMSO followed by dilution in aqueous culture medium, 93 ± 5 nm nanoparticles were formed. Without dilution from solution in DMSO, no nanoparticles were observed and no immunostimulatory activity could be detected without this formulation step. SAXS analysis of the conjugate after DMSO dissolution/water dilution revealed a lamellar order with a layer spacing of 68.7 Å, which correlates with arrangement in groups of 3 bilayers. The addition of another immunostimulatory glycolipid, trehalose‑6,6‑dibehenate (TDB), to DOPE:DDA liposomes gave no further increase in immunostimulatory activity beyond that provided by incorporating DOPE-TLR7a. Given the importance of nanoparticle or liposomal formulation for activity, we conclude that the major mechanism for increased potency when TLR7 agonists are conjugated to macromolecules is through alteration of physical form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J R Gadd
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Castelletto
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Kabova
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Shankland
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Hamley
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J A Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, 7 Trinity Street, King's College London, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - F Greco
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander D Edwards
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Joshi S, Chaudhari AA, Dennis V, Kirby DJ, Perrie Y, Singh SR. Anti-RSV Peptide-Loaded Liposomes for the Inhibition of Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:E37. [PMID: 29747393 PMCID: PMC6027156 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of acute respiratory tract infection in infants and adults, effective treatment options remain limited. To circumvent this issue, there is a novel approach, namely, the development of multifunctional liposomes for the delivery of anti RSV-peptides. While most of the peptides that are used for loading with the particulate delivery systems are the penetrating peptides, an alternative approach is the development of liposome-peptide systems, which are loaded with an RSV fusion peptide (RF-482), which has been designed to inhibit the RSV fusion and block infection. The results of this work have revealed that the liposomes themselves can serve as potential RSV inhibitors, whilst the anti-RSV-peptide with liposomes can significantly increase the RSV inhibition when compared with the anti-RSV peptide alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Joshi
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36016, USA.
| | - Atul A Chaudhari
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36016, USA.
| | - Vida Dennis
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36016, USA.
| | - Daniel J Kirby
- Aston Pharmacy School, Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dimov N, Kastner E, Hussain M, Perrie Y, Szita N. Author Correction: Formation and purification of tailored liposomes for drug delivery using a module-based micro continuous-flow system. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6762. [PMID: 29691461 PMCID: PMC5915411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Dimov
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Elisabeth Kastner
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Maryam Hussain
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland
| | - Nicolas Szita
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Khadke S, Stone P, Rozhin A, Kroonen J, Perrie Y. Point of use production of liposomal solubilised products. Int J Pharm 2018; 537:1-8. [PMID: 29225099 PMCID: PMC5821685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the progression towards personalised and age-appropriate medicines, the production of drug loaded liposomes at the point of care would be highly desirable. In particular, liposomal solubilisation agents that can be produced rapidly and easily would provide a new option in personalised medicines. Such a process could also be used as a rapid tool for the formulation and pre-clinical screening of low soluble drugs. Within this paper, we outline a novel easy-to-use production method for point of use production of liposome solubilised drugs. Our results demonstrate that pre-formed multilamellar liposomes, stored in a fresh or frozen format, can be bilayer loaded with low solubility drugs using a simple bath sonication process. Sonication is undertaken in a sealed vial allowing the contents to remain sterile. Liposomes around 100 nm were prepared and these liposomes were able to increase the amount of drug dissolved by up to 10 fold. These liposomal solubilisation agents were stable in terms of size and drug solubilisation for up to 8 days when stored in the fridge making them an easy to use and robust small-scale tool for drug solubilisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Khadke
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland G4 0RE, UK
| | - Peter Stone
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Aleksey Rozhin
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Jerome Kroonen
- Diagenode, Liege Science Park, 3 Rue bois Saint-Jean, 4102 Ougrée, Belgium
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland G4 0RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Marín-García M, Benseny-Cases N, Camacho M, Perrie Y, Suades J, Barnadas-Rodríguez R. Metallosomes for biomedical applications by mixing molybdenum carbonyl metallosurfactants and phospholipids. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14293-14303. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01584h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New photo-CORM metallosomes with low cell toxicity were prepared from organometallic metallosurfactants and phospholipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Marín-García
- Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Cerdanyola
| | | | - M. Camacho
- Laboratory of Angiology
- Vascular Biology and Inflammation/Institute of Biomedical Research
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08025 Barcelona
| | - Y. Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow G4 0RE
- UK
| | - J. Suades
- Departament de Química
- Edifici C
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Cerdanyola
- Spain
| | - R. Barnadas-Rodríguez
- Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Cerdanyola
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wilkhu JS, McNeil SE, Anderson DE, Kirchmeier M, Perrie Y. Development of a solid dosage platform for the oral delivery of bilayer vesicles. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 108:71-77. [PMID: 28619620 PMCID: PMC5611758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Within this work, we develop vesicles incorporating sub-unit antigens as solid dosage forms suitable for the oral delivery of vaccines. Using a combination of trehalose, dextran and mannitol, freeze-dried oral disintegrating tablets were formed which upon rehydration release bilayer vesicles incorporating antigen. Initial studies focused on the optimisation of the freeze-dry cycle and subsequently excipient content was optimised by testing tablet hardness, disintegration time and moisture content. The use of 10% mannitol and 10% dextran produced durable tablets which offered strong resistance to mechanical damage yet appropriate disintegration times and dispersed to release niosomes-entrapping antigen. From these studies, we have formulated a bilayer vesicle vaccine delivery system as rapid disintegrating tablets and capsules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitinder S Wilkhu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Sarah E McNeil
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - David E Anderson
- Variation Biotechnologies, 222 Third Street, Suite 2241, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marc Kirchmeier
- Variation Biotechnologies, 222 Third Street, Suite 2241, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Stokes CA, Kaur R, Edwards MR, Mondhe M, Robinson D, Prestwich EC, Hume RD, Marshall CA, Perrie Y, O'Donnell VB, Harwood JL, Sabroe I, Parker LC. Human rhinovirus-induced inflammatory responses are inhibited by phosphatidylserine containing liposomes. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:829. [PMID: 28435153 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
45
|
Abstract
A wide range of studies have shown that liposomes can act as suitable adjuvants for a range of vaccine antigens. Properties such as their amphiphilic character and biphasic nature allow them to incorporate antigens within the lipid bilayer, on the surface, or encapsulated within the inner core. However, appropriate methods for the manufacture of liposomes are limited and this has resulted in issues with cost, supply, and wider scale application of these systems. Within this chapter we explore manufacturing processes that can be used for the production of liposomal adjuvants, and we outline new manufacturing methods can that offer fast, scalable, and cost-effective production of liposomal adjuvants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Perrie
- Schol of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Elisabeth Kastner
- Schol of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Swapnil Khadke
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Carla B Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Peter Stone
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Perrie Y. Meet Our Editorial Board Member:. Curr Drug Deliv 2016. [DOI: 10.2174/156720181308161108155939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
47
|
Joshi S, Hussain MT, Roces CB, Anderluzzi G, Kastner E, Salmaso S, Kirby DJ, Perrie Y. Microfluidics based manufacture of liposomes simultaneously entrapping hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Int J Pharm 2016; 514:160-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
48
|
Roces CB, Kastner E, Stone P, Lowry D, Perrie Y. Rapid Quantification and Validation of Lipid Concentrations within Liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:pharmaceutics8030029. [PMID: 27649231 PMCID: PMC5039448 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of the lipid content in liposomal adjuvants for subunit vaccine formulation is of extreme importance, since this concentration impacts both efficacy and stability. In this paper, we outline a high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) method that allows for the rapid and simultaneous quantification of lipid concentrations within liposomal systems prepared by three liposomal manufacturing techniques (lipid film hydration, high shear mixing, and microfluidics). The ELSD system was used to quantify four lipids: 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), cholesterol, dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) bromide, and d-(+)-trehalose 6,6′-dibehenate (TDB). The developed method offers rapidity, high sensitivity, direct linearity, and a good consistency on the responses (R2 > 0.993 for the four lipids tested). The corresponding limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.11 and 0.36 mg/mL (DMPC), 0.02 and 0.80 mg/mL (cholesterol), 0.06 and 0.20 mg/mL (DDA), and 0.05 and 0.16 mg/mL (TDB), respectively. HPLC-ELSD was shown to be a rapid and effective method for the quantification of lipids within liposome formulations without the need for lipid extraction processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla B Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Elisabeth Kastner
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Peter Stone
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Deborah Lowry
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schmidt ST, Khadke S, Korsholm KS, Perrie Y, Rades T, Andersen P, Foged C, Christensen D. The administration route is decisive for the ability of the vaccine adjuvant CAF09 to induce antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses: The immunological consequences of the biodistribution profile. J Control Release 2016; 239:107-17. [PMID: 27574990 PMCID: PMC5041310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A prerequisite for vaccine-mediated induction of CD8+ T-cell responses is the targeting of dendritic cell (DC) subsets specifically capable of cross-presenting antigen epitopes to CD8+ T cells. Administration of a number of cationic adjuvants via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route has been shown to result in strong CD8+ T-cell responses, whereas immunization via e.g. the intramuscular (i.m.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) routes often stimulate weak CD8+ T-cell responses. The hypothesis for this is that self-drainage of the adjuvant/antigen to the lymphoid organs, which takes place upon i.p. immunization, is required for the subsequent activation of cross-presenting lymphoid organ-resident CD8α+ DCs. In contrast, s.c. or i.m. immunization usually results in the formation of a depot at the site of injection (SOI), which hinders the self-drainage and targeting of the vaccine to cross-presenting CD8α+ DCs. We investigated this hypothesis by correlating the biodistribution pattern and the adjuvanticity of the strong CD8+ T-cell inducing liposomal cationic adjuvant formulation 09 (CAF09), which is composed of dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide/monomycoloyl glycerol liposomes with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid electrostatically adsorbed to the surface. Biodistribution studies with radiolabeled CAF09 and a surface-adsorbed model antigen [ovalbumin (OVA)] showed that a significantly larger fraction of the vaccine dose localized in the draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and the spleen 6 h after i.p. immunization, as compared to after i.m. immunization. Studies with fluorescently labelled OVA + CAF09 demonstrated a preferential association of OVA + CAF09 to DCs/monocytes, as compared to macrophages and B cells, following i.p. immunization. Administration of OVA + CAF09 via the i.p. route did also result in DC activation, whereas no DC activation could be measured within the same period with unadjuvanted OVA and OVA + CAF09 administered via the s.c. or i.m. routes. In the dLNs, the highest level of activated, cross-presenting CD8α+ DCs was detected at 24 h post immunization, whereas an influx of activated, migrating and cross-presenting CD103+ DCs to the dLNs could be measured after 48 h. This suggests that the CD8α+ DCs are activated by self-draining OVA + CAF09 in the lymphoid organs, whereas the CD103+ DCs are stimulated by the OVA + CAF09 at the SOI. These results support the hypothesis that the self-drainage of OVA + CAF09 to the draining LNs is required for the activation of CD8α+ DCs, while the migratory CD103+ DCs may play a role in sustaining the subsequent induction of strong CD8+ T-cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Signe Tandrup Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Swapnil Khadke
- Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Karen Smith Korsholm
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nguyen DB, Ly TBT, Wesseling MC, Hittinger M, Torge A, Devitt A, Perrie Y, Bernhardt I. Characterization of Microvesicles Released from Human Red Blood Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 38:1085-99. [PMID: 26938586 DOI: 10.1159/000443059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are spherical fragments of cell membrane released from various cell types under physiological as well as pathological conditions. Based on their size and origin, EVs are classified as exosome, microvesicles (MVs) and apoptotic bodies. Recently, the release of MVs from human red blood cells (RBCs) under different conditions has been reported. MVs are released by outward budding and fission of the plasma membrane. However, the outward budding process itself, the release of MVs and the physical properties of these MVs have not been well investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the formation process, isolation and characterization of MVs released from RBCs under conditions of stimulating Ca2+ uptake and activation of protein kinase C. METHODS Experiments were performed based on single cell fluorescence imaging, fluorescence activated cell sorter/flow cytometer (FACS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The released MVs were collected by differential centrifugation and characterized in both their size and zeta potential. RESULTS Treatment of RBCs with 4-bromo-A23187 (positive control), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), or phorbol-12 myristate-13 acetate (PMA) in the presence of 2 mM extracellular Ca2+ led to an alteration of cell volume and cell morphology. In stimulated RBCs, exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and formation of MVs were observed by using annexin V-FITC. The shedding of MVs was also observed in the case of PMA treatment in the absence of Ca2+, especially under the transmitted bright field illumination. By using SEM, AFM and DLS the morphology and size of stimulated RBCs, MVs were characterized. The sizes of the two populations of MVs were 205.8 ± 51.4 nm and 125.6 ± 31.4 nm, respectively. Adhesion of stimulated RBCs and MVs was observed. The zeta potential of MVs was determined in the range from - 40 mV to - 10 mV depended on the solutions and buffers used. CONCLUSION An increase of intracellular Ca2+ or an activation of protein kinase C leads to the formation and release of MVs in human RBCs.
Collapse
|