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Brighenti V, Venturelli A, Caroli C, Anceschi L, Gjikolaj M, Durante C, Pellati F. An innovative method for the extraction and HPLC analysis of bioactive policosanols from non-psychoactive Cannabis sativa L. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115547. [PMID: 37413918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Policosanols (PCs) refer to a mixture of long-chain aliphatic alcohols. Sugar cane is the main industrial source of PCs, but others, including beeswax and Cannabis sativa L., are also known. In the raw material PCs are bonded to fatty acids to form long-chain esters, known as waxes. PCs are mainly used as a cholesterol-lowering product, even though their efficacy is controversial. More recently, the pharmacological interest in PCs has increased, as they have been investigated as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative agents. Given their promising biological implications, the development of efficient extraction and analytical methodologies for the determination of PCs is extremely important to identify new potential sources of these compounds and to ensure the reproducibility of biological data. Conventional techniques used for the extraction of PCs involve time-consuming approaches leading to low yields, while analytical methods for their quantification are based on gas-chromatographic (GC) techniques, which require an additional derivatization step during the sample preparation to increase their volatility. In the light of all the above, this work was aimed at the development of an innovative method for the extraction of PCs from non-psychoactive C. sativa (hemp) inflorescences, taking advantage of the microwave-assisted technology. In addition, a new analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) was developed for the first time for both the qualitative and quantitative analysis of these compounds in the extracts. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines, and it was applied to the analysis of PCs in hemp inflorescences belonging to different varieties. The results were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis to rapidly identify samples with the highest content of PCs, which might find an application as alternative sources of these bioactive compounds in both the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Brighenti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Venturelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Clarissa Caroli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Lisa Anceschi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Megi Gjikolaj
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina Durante
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Nakai DK, Ribeiro JAA, Martins PA, Soares IP, Salum TFC, Costa PPKG. Evaporative light scattering detection based reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method to quantify intermediates and end products of biodiesel production. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1663:462726. [PMID: 34954536 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A fast method based on reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography using evaporative light scattering detection (RP-UHPLC-ELSD) was developed for monitoring the intermediates and end products of biodiesel production. Gradient elution of water, acetonitrile, and a mixture of acetonitrile:2-propanol:n-hexane was used. With a minimal and easy sample preparation, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), free fatty acids (FFA), monoacylglycerols (MAG), diacylglycerols (DAG), and triacylglycerols (TAG) were successfully separated. The developed method was used to monitor an ethylic enzymatic transesterification of soybean oil and to characterize the ester content of methyl and ethyl biodiesel. The ester content obtained was compared with the reference method by gas chromatography and flame ionization detector (GC-FID), with similar results for both methyl and ethyl biodiesel. The presented method is a simple and fast alternative, a 17 min run, to monitor the transesterification process, simultaneously quantifying all the analytes produced in the reaction: biodiesel and its intermediates. Limits of detection (LOD, between 29 and 307 ng) and quantification (LOQ, between 48 and 614 ng), linearity (R2>0.99), precision (between 0.30 and 6.58%), and accuracy (between 81.6 and 119.9%) were determined for the twenty-one compounds.
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3
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Zhao Q, Li P, Wang M, Zhang W, Zhao W, Yang R. Fate of phospholipids during aqueous extraction processing of peanut and effect of demulsification treatments on oil-phosphorus-content. Food Chem 2020; 331:127367. [PMID: 32574946 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PC (phosphatidylcholine), PE (phosphatidylethanolamine), PI (phosphatidylinositol), and PA (phosphatidic acid) in 9 peanut matrices obtained during the AEP (aqueous extraction processing) of peanut were quantified employing HPLC-ELSD analysis in this study. Phosphorus contents of crude oils obtained from different demulsification treatments were also investigated. Decantation had a larger effect than grinding in terms of phospholipids loss due to alkaline-hydrolysis, indicating this processing step was vital for the manipulation of phospholipids levels remained in oil. Over 80% of initial phospholipids were lost during AEP and only 19.8% of initial phospholipids ended up in cream, skim and sediment phase. 52.55% of the remained phospholipids trapped in cream phase. Just 22.16-32.61 mg/kg phosphorus content could be detected in crude oils, which indicated the separation of phospholipids from the cream phase into aqueous medium. Degumming was not essential in AEP of peanut and the waste generated after demulsification could be a source of phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Crha T, Pazourek J. Rapid HPLC Method for Determination of Isomaltulose in the Presence of Glucose, Sucrose, and Maltodextrins in Dietary Supplements. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091164. [PMID: 32846904 PMCID: PMC7555359 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a rapid HPLC method for the separation of isomaltulose (also known as Palatinose) from other common edible carbohydrates such as sucrose, glucose, and maltodextrins, which are commonly present in food and dietary supplements. This method was applied to determine isomaltulose in selected food supplements for special diets and athletic performance. Due to the selectivity of the separation system, this method can also be used for rapid profiling analysis of mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides in food.
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Coleman CM, Ferreira D. Oligosaccharides and Complex Carbohydrates: A New Paradigm for Cranberry Bioactivity. Molecules 2020; 25:E881. [PMID: 32079271 PMCID: PMC7070526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranberry is a well-known functional food, but the compounds directly responsible for many of its reported health benefits remain unidentified. Complex carbohydrates, specifically xyloglucan and pectic oligosaccharides, are the newest recognized class of biologically active compounds identified in cranberry materials. Cranberry oligosaccharides have shown similar biological properties as other dietary oligosaccharides, including effects on bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and microbial growth. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity has also been observed. Oligosaccharides may therefore be significant contributors to many of the health benefits associated with cranberry products. Soluble oligosaccharides are present at relatively high concentrations (~20% w/w or greater) in many cranberry materials, and yet their possible contributions to biological activity have remained unrecognized. This is partly due to the inherent difficulty of detecting these compounds without intentionally seeking them. Inconsistencies in product descriptions and terminology have led to additional confusion regarding cranberry product composition and the possible presence of oligosaccharides. This review will present our current understanding of cranberry oligosaccharides and will discuss their occurrence, structures, ADME, biological properties, and possible prebiotic effects for both gut and urinary tract microbiota. Our hope is that future investigators will consider these compounds as possible significant contributors to the observed biological effects of cranberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Coleman
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and the Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Mondal B, Kote M, Lunagariya C, Patel M. Development of a simple high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/evaporative light scattering detector ( ELSD) method to determine Polysorbate 80 in a pharmaceutical formulation. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:325-328. [PMID: 32194334 PMCID: PMC7078541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The amount of polysorbate 80 in pharmaceutical formulations affects the product quality and efficacy. A reliable test method is required to quantify the amount of Polysorbate 80 present in the drug product formulations. The test method for the determination of Polysorbate 80 may be used during process development and final product quality assessment. A simple, fast and efficient quantitative method, making use of HPLC-ELSD and a C18 column without sample pretreatment was developed. The developed method demonstrated specificity to polysorbate 80 with high precision as indicated by percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) of 3.0% for six determinations. The accuracy of this method for the determination of polysorbate 80 in a pharmaceutical formulation was demonstrated with an overall recovery of 94.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Mondal
- Research and Development, Akorn Pharmaceuticals, 50 Lake View Parkway, Suite#112, Vernon Hills, IL, 60061, United States
| | - Mahesh Kote
- Research and Development, Akorn Pharmaceuticals, 50 Lake View Parkway, Suite#112, Vernon Hills, IL, 60061, United States
| | - Chandrakant Lunagariya
- Research and Development, Akorn Pharmaceuticals, 50 Lake View Parkway, Suite#112, Vernon Hills, IL, 60061, United States
| | - Milan Patel
- Research and Development, Akorn Pharmaceuticals, 50 Lake View Parkway, Suite#112, Vernon Hills, IL, 60061, United States
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Varache M, Ciancone M, Couffin AC. Development and validation of a novel UPLC- ELSD method for the assessment of lipid composition of nanomedicine formulation. Int J Pharm 2019; 566:11-23. [PMID: 31112794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanocarriers incorporating glycerides, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stearates and phospholipids have attracted great attention for in vivo diagnostic, in vivo imaging, activated or non-activated targeted drug delivery. For quality control purposes, the development of appropriate methods for the quantification of their lipid components is needed. In the present study, we developed an analytical method for lipid quantification in formulated nanoparticles. PEG-stearates and glycerides were analyzed in a single run by RP-UPLC-ELSD using a two-step gradient elution program, while the analysis of phospholipids was accomplished by HILIC-UPLC-ELSD after isolation using an SPE silica column. Using both isolated compounds and commercial lipid standards, calibration curves were produced using second-order polynomials to attain the quantitative evaluation of each lipid excipient. Relative standard deviation of all analytes was between 0.9% and 5.3% for intra-day precision and recovery ranged from 83.5% to 112.2%. The presented method was successfully implemented to study the manufacturing process and stability of the formulated lipid excipients during long-term storage and accelerated conditions. The formulation lipid yield was determined and found equal to 82.5%.
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Pazourek J. Determination of glucosamine and monitoring of its mutarotation by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4368. [PMID: 30120782 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Saccharides and their derivatives are typical polar analytes without a suitable UV-chromophore that are nowadays analyzed by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) under HILIC (hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography) mode. Usually an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) is utilized which, however, gives a nonlinear response. A procedure to overcome the problem of mutarotating (time-varying) analytes recorded with such a nonlinear response detector is described. The procedure was applied for determination of glucosamine in two commercially available pharmaceutical formulations containing the common inorganic ions that the detector gives a response to. Under optimized conditions, both the anomers of glucosamine were separated and could be determined separately. Owing to the short retention time of the analyte (a run time <4 min) and relatively slow kinetics of the anomeric conversion (equilibration time 2.5 h), mutarotation could be monitored and corresponding rate constants calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Pazourek
- Department of Chemical Drugs, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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9
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Mutschlechner B, Schwaiger S, Tran TVA, Stuppner H. Development of a selective HPLC-DAD/ ELSD method for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of commercially available Eurycoma longifolia products and plant extracts. Fitoterapia 2017; 124:188-192. [PMID: 29154863 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous extracts of the roots of Eurycoma longifolia are traditionally used to improve sexual performance, to treat infertility and other sexual dysfunctions but also to increase muscle strength. Nowadays, many different products are commercially available which are promoted as E. longifolia extracts and claim to possess beneficial aphrodisiac effects. Since such herbal aphrodisiac preparations have been recently the target of fraudulent product counterfeiting and because eurycomanone, one of the main quassinoids of E. longifolia, is suspected to possess toxic effects at higher concentrations, a highly selective HPLC-DAD/ELSD method has been established to analyze commercially available products and extracts of plant material. The presented method was established by the use of a mixture of 27 reference compounds for qualitative issues and fully validated according to the ICH guidelines for the quantification of three quassinoides: laurycolactone A, longilactone, and eurycomanone. The calibration curves of these showed a linearity over a range of 0.05 to 1.0mg/ml, with a regression coefficient not lower than R2=0.9969. The inter-day and intra-day precision (indicated as relative standard deviation) of the developed method was <2.9%. The recovery ranged from -3.3% to +6.0%. Eight randomly purchased products have been analyzed with this method, but only five of them contained E. longifolia compounds in detectable amounts. The concentration of eurycomanone in these products varied from 0.22±0.002mg eurycomanone per capsule to 1.84±0.08mg corresponding to a maximal recommended daily intake of 0.76±0.02 to 31.90±0.21mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mutschlechner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Thi Van Anh Tran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 DinhTienHoang Street, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Koh DW, Park JW, Lim JH, Yea MJ, Bang DY. A rapid method for simultaneous quantification of 13 sugars and sugar alcohols in food products by UPLC- ELSD. Food Chem 2017; 240:694-700. [PMID: 28946331 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel, rapid, simultaneous analysis method for five sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose) and eight sugar alcohols (erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, inositol, maltitol, lactitol, and isomalt) was developed using UPLC-ELSD, without derivatization. The analysis conditions, including the gradient conditions, modifier concentration and column length, were optimized. Thirteen sugars and sugar alcohols were separated well and the resolution of their peaks was above 1.0. Their optimum analysis condition can be analyzed within 15min. Standard curves for sugars and sugar alcohols with concentrations of 5.0-0.1% and 2.0-0.05% are presented herein, and their correlation coefficients are found to be above 0.999 and the limit of detection (LOD) was around 0.006-0.018%. This novel analysis system can be used for foodstuffs such as candy, chewing gum, jelly, chocolate, processed chocolate products, and snacks containing 0.21-46.41% of sugars and sugar alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wan Koh
- Lotte R&D Center, 19, Yangpyeong-ro 19-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07209, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Park
- Lotte R&D Center, 19, Yangpyeong-ro 19-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07209, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Lim
- Lotte R&D Center, 19, Yangpyeong-ro 19-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07209, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Jai Yea
- Lotte R&D Center, 19, Yangpyeong-ro 19-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07209, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Young Bang
- Lotte R&D Center, 19, Yangpyeong-ro 19-gil, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07209, Republic of Korea.
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Lee Y, Do B, Lee G, Lim HS, Yun SS, Kwon H. Simultaneous determination of sodium saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K and sucralose in food consumed in Korea using high-performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light-scattering detection. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:666-677. [PMID: 28277180 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1284348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Four artificial sweeteners, i.e., sodium saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K and sucralose, are permitted for use in Korea, and recent regulatory changes have expanded the number of food categories in which they may be used. Four artificial sweeteners were determined simultaneously in more than 900 food items from 30 food categories that are commercially available in Korean markets, including both domestic and imported products, using high-performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD). A new procedure using 75% acetone to remove fat was applied for sample preparation. The levels detected in all samples were below the maximum permitted use levels established in Korea. Despite the increased number of categories, the only one in which sodium saccharin was newly found was takju, an alcoholic beverage. Sodium saccharin was not found in other beverages in the food analysis or in the food label survey, even though its use was reported in a previous study, suggesting that consumer preference outweighs regulatory decisions. When the analytical results were combined with food-consumption data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-14, the estimated daily intakes of all the sweeteners were considered safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsun Lee
- a Department of Food and Nutrition , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Byungkyung Do
- a Department of Food and Nutrition , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Gunyoung Lee
- b Food Additives and Packaging Division , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju-si , Korea
| | - Ho Soo Lim
- b Food Additives and Packaging Division , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju-si , Korea
| | - Sang Soon Yun
- b Food Additives and Packaging Division , Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Cheongju-si , Korea
| | - Hoonjeong Kwon
- a Department of Food and Nutrition , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea.,c Research Institute of Human Ecology , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
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12
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Roces CB, Kastner E, Stone P, Lowry D, Perrie Y. Rapid Quantification and Validation of Lipid Concentrations within Liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:pharmaceutics8030029. [PMID: 27649231 PMCID: PMC5039448 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of the lipid content in liposomal adjuvants for subunit vaccine formulation is of extreme importance, since this concentration impacts both efficacy and stability. In this paper, we outline a high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) method that allows for the rapid and simultaneous quantification of lipid concentrations within liposomal systems prepared by three liposomal manufacturing techniques (lipid film hydration, high shear mixing, and microfluidics). The ELSD system was used to quantify four lipids: 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), cholesterol, dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) bromide, and d-(+)-trehalose 6,6′-dibehenate (TDB). The developed method offers rapidity, high sensitivity, direct linearity, and a good consistency on the responses (R2 > 0.993 for the four lipids tested). The corresponding limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.11 and 0.36 mg/mL (DMPC), 0.02 and 0.80 mg/mL (cholesterol), 0.06 and 0.20 mg/mL (DDA), and 0.05 and 0.16 mg/mL (TDB), respectively. HPLC-ELSD was shown to be a rapid and effective method for the quantification of lipids within liposome formulations without the need for lipid extraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Elisabeth Kastner
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Peter Stone
- Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Deborah Lowry
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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Vyssotski M, Bloor SJ, Lagutin K, Wong H, Williams DBG. Efficient Separation and Analysis of Triacylglycerols: Quantitation of β-Palmitate (OPO) in Oils and Infant Formulas. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:5985-5992. [PMID: 26073429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A high-efficiency, convenient, and reliable method for the separation of structurally similar triacylglycerols is detailed and applied in the quantitative analysis of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) in infant formulas and OPO oils. OPO is an important lipid component in "humanized" infant formula. A fast preparative isolation of an OPO-containing fraction from the crude complex mixture, by nonaqueous reversed phase HPLC, followed by Ag(+)-HPLC with detection at 205 nm allowed fine separation and detection of the desired fraction. OPO was quantitated independently of its regioisomer 1,2-dioleoyl-3-palmitoylglycerol (OOP) and isomers of stearoyl-linoleoyl-palmitoyl glycerol that might be present in infant formulas. For samples with low OPO content, an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) was more preferable than UV detection, with a calculated LOD of 0.1 μg of OPO injected and LOQ of 0.3 μg. The method, which showed high reproducibility (RSD < 5%), was suitable for both high OPO content oils and low OPO products such as unenriched infant formula. A number of possible interference issues were considered and dealt with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Vyssotski
- †Callaghan Innovation, 69 Gracefield Road, P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Stephen J Bloor
- †Callaghan Innovation, 69 Gracefield Road, P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Kirill Lagutin
- †Callaghan Innovation, 69 Gracefield Road, P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Herbert Wong
- †Callaghan Innovation, 69 Gracefield Road, P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - D Bradley G Williams
- †Callaghan Innovation, 69 Gracefield Road, P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
- §Gracefield Research Centre, Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
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14
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Condezo-Hoyos L, Pérez-López E, Rupérez P. Improved evaporative light scattering detection for carbohydrate analysis. Food Chem 2015; 180:265-271. [PMID: 25766827 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Optimization and validation of evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD), aided by response surface methodology (RSM), has been developed for the liquid chromatography analysis of a wide molecular weight (MW) range of carbohydrates, including polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. Optimal experimental parameters for the ELSD detection were: 88.8°C evaporator temperature, 77.9°C nebulizer temperature and 1.1 standard litres per minute nitrogen flow rate. Optimal ELSD detection, used together with high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) of carbohydrates, gave a linear range from 250 to 1000 mg L(-1) (R(2)>0.998), with limits of detection and quantitation of 4.83-11.67 and 16.11-38.91 mg L(-1), respectively. Relative standard deviation was lower than 1.8% for intra-day and inter-day repeatability for apple pectin, inulin, verbascose, stachyose and raffinose. Recovery ranged from 103.7% to 118.3% for fructo-oligosaccharides, α-galacto-oligosaccharides and disaccharides. Optimized and validated ELSD detection is proposed for the analysis of high- to low-MW carbohydrates with high sensitivity, precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Condezo-Hoyos
- Metabolism and Nutrition Department, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Pérez-López
- Metabolism and Nutrition Department, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Rupérez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Department, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, ES-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Gao LH, Liu Q, Liu SN, Chen ZY, Li CN, Lei L, Sun SJ, Li LY, Liu JL, Shen ZF. A refined-JinQi-JiangTang tablet ameliorates prediabetes by reducing insulin resistance and improving beta cell function in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 151:675-685. [PMID: 24286962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Refined-JQ (JQ-R) is a mixture of refined extracts from three major herbal components of JinQi-JiangTang tablet: Coptis chinensis (Ranunculaceae), Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae), and Lonicera japonica (Caprifoliaceae). Our previous studies have indicated that JQ-R could decrease fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic mice and insulin resistance mice. Investigating the hypoglycemic effect of JQ-R on prediabetes has practical application value for preventing or delaying insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and possibly the development of clinical diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-diabetic potential of JQ-R was investigated using a high fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model. C57BL/6J mice (HFD-C57 mice) were fed with high-fat diet for 4 months. HFD-C57 mice were treated with either JQ-R (administered intragastrically once daily for 4 weeks) or metformin (as positive control), and the effects of JQ-R on body weight, blood lipids, glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and beta cell function were monitored. RESULTS The body weight, serum cholesterol, and the Homeostasis Model Assessment ratio (insulin resistance index) were significantly reduced in JQ-R or metformin-treated mice, and the glucose tolerance was enhanced and insulin response was improved simultaneously. Moreover, both JQ-R and metformin could activate liver glycogen syntheses even under a relatively high glucose loading. Although glyconeogenesis was inhibited in the metformin treated mice, it was not observed in JQ-R treated mice. Similar to metformin, JQ-R could also improve the glucose infusion rate (GIR) in hyperglycemic clamp test. JQ-R was also shown to increase the levels of phosphorylated AMPKα and phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), similar to metformin. CONCLUSION JQ-R could reduce HFD-induced insulin resistance by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, increasing insulin sensitivity through activating the AMPK signaling pathway, and subsequently improving β cell function. Therefore, JQ-R may offer an alternative in treating disorders associated with insulin resistance, such as prediabetes and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Shuai-nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Zhi-yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Cai-na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Su-juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Lin-yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jing-long Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Zhu-fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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16
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Bates RC, Fees CP, Holland WL, Winger CC, Batbayar K, Ancar R, Bergren T, Petcoff D, Stith BJ. Activation of Src and release of intracellular calcium by phosphatidic acid during Xenopus laevis fertilization. Dev Biol 2013; 386:165-80. [PMID: 24269904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a new step in the fertilization in Xenopus laevis which has been found to involve activation of Src tyrosine kinase to stimulate phospholipase C-γ (PLC-γ) which increases inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) to release intracellular calcium ([Ca](i)). Molecular species analysis and mass measurements suggested that sperm activate phospholipase D (PLD) to elevate phosphatidic acid (PA). We now report that PA mass increased 2.7 fold by 1 min after insemination and inhibition of PA production by two methods inhibited activation of Src and PLCγ, increased [Ca](i) and other fertilization events. As compared to 14 other lipids, PA specifically bound Xenopus Src but not PLCγ. Addition of synthetic PA activated egg Src (an action requiring intact lipid rafts) and PLCγ as well as doubling the amount of PLCγ in rafts. In the absence of elevated [Ca](i), PA addition elevated IP3 mass to levels equivalent to that induced by sperm (but twice that achieved by calcium ionophore). Finally, PA induced [Ca](i) release that was blocked by an IP3 receptor inhibitor. As only PLD1b message was detected, and Western blotting did not detect PLD2, we suggest that sperm activate PLD1b to elevate PA which then binds to and activates Src leading to PLCγ stimulation, IP3 elevation and [Ca](i) release. Due to these and other studies, PA may also play a role in membrane fusion events such as sperm-egg fusion, cortical granule exocytosis, the elevation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and the large, late increase in sn 1,2-diacylglycerol in fertilization.
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Key Words
- 1,2-dicapryloyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate
- 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-l-serine]
- 5-fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide
- DAG
- ELSD
- Exocytosis
- FIPI
- IP3
- LPA
- LPC
- Membrane fusion
- Membrane rafts
- PA
- PC
- PE
- PI
- PI3
- PI345P3
- PI34P2
- PI35P2
- PI4
- PI45P2
- PI5
- PKC
- PLC
- PLCγ
- PLD
- PS
- Phospholipase Cγ
- Phospholipase D
- RT-PCR
- S1P
- [Ca](i)
- dPA
- dPS
- evaporative light scattering detector
- inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
- intracellular calcium
- lysophosphatidic acid
- lysophosphatidylcholine
- phosphatidic acid
- phosphatidylcholine
- phosphatidylethanolamine
- phosphatidylinositol
- phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
- phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate
- phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate
- phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate
- phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
- phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate
- phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate
- phosphatidylserine
- phospholipase C
- phospholipase C-γ
- phospholipase D
- protein kinase C
- reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- sn 1,2-diacylglycerol
- sphingosine-1-phosphate
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Bates
- University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
| | - Colby P Fees
- University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rachel Ancar
- University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
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17
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Mu LH, Li HJ, Guo DH, Zhao JY, Liu P. Cycloartane triterpenes from Beesia calthaefolia (Maxim.). Fitoterapia 2014; 92:41-5. [PMID: 24144800 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three new cycloartane triterpenoids (1-3) and two known compounds (4, 5) were isolated from the whole plant of Beesia calthaefolia. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS and optical rotation spectral data. All isolates were investigated for their inhibitory effects on the classical pathway of the complement system. Among them, compound 4 showed stronger inhibitory activity (IC50 136.7 μM) than positive control (Rosmarinic acid, IC50 181.8 μM) while compounds 2 and 3 were moderately active with IC50 value of 206 μM and 200.9 μM. Chemical compound studied in this article: Rosmarinic acid (PubChem CID: 5281792).
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18
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Wu DT, Xie J, Hu DJ, Zhao J, Li SP. Characterization of polysaccharides from Ganoderma spp. using saccharide mapping. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:398-405. [PMID: 23911463 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from Ganoderma spp. and their adulterants were firstly investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, enzymatic (endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase and pectinase) digestion followed by polysaccharide analysis using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis analysis. The results showed that both 1,3-β-D-glucosidic and 1,4-α-D-galactosiduronic linkages were existed in Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma sinense), and the similarity of polysaccharides from G. lucidum and G. sinense was high, which may contribute to rational use of Lingzhi. Different species of Ganoderma and their adulterants can be differentiated based on the saccharide mapping, which is helpful to well understand the structural characters of polysaccharides from different species of Ganoderma and to improve the quality control of polysaccharides in Lingzhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
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