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Guo H, Yang L, Liu J, Chen L, Huang Y, Li J. KLF5 promotes the ossification process of ligamentum flavum by transcriptionally activating CX43. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:244. [PMID: 38622696 PMCID: PMC11020807 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a prevalent degenerative spinal disease, typically causing severe neurological dysfunction. Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) plays an essential role in the regulation of skeletal development. However, the mechanism KLF5 plays in OLF remains unclear, necessitating further investigative studies. METHODS qRT-PCR, immunofluorescent staining and western blot were used to measure the expression of KLF5. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin red staining (ARS), and the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) were used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation. Luciferase activity assay and ChIP-PCR were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS KLF5 was significantly upregulated in OLF fibroblasts in contrast to normal ligamentum flavum (LF) fibroblasts. Silencing KLF5 diminished osteogenic markers and mineralized nodules, while its overexpression had the opposite effect, confirming KLF5's role in promoting ossification. Moreover, KLF5 promotes the ossification of LF by activating the transcription of Connexin 43 (CX43), and overexpressing CX43 could reverse the suppressive impact of KLF5 knockdown on OLF fibroblasts' osteogenesis. CONCLUSION KLF5 promotes the OLF by transcriptionally activating CX43. This finding contributes significantly to our understanding of OLF and may provide new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubing Guo
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Tianshui, Tianshui, Gansu, 741000, China
| | - Lingxia Yang
- Department of Odermatology, The First Hospital of Tianshui, Tianshui, Gansu, 741000, China
| | - Jin Liu
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Tianshui, Tianshui, Gansu, 741000, China
| | - Liqi Chen
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Tianshui, Tianshui, Gansu, 741000, China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Tianshui, Tianshui, Gansu, 741000, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Li D, Yin W, Xu C, Feng Y, Huang X, Hao J, Zhu C. Rutin promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by increasing ECM deposition and inhibiting p53 expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3583-3595. [PMID: 38349887 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an important source of cells for bone regeneration. Although the utilization of MSCs along with growth factors and scaffolds is a beneficial clinical approach for bone tissue engineering, there is need for improvement on the effectiveness of MSC osteogenesis and differentiation. Rutin is a natural flavonoid and a major component for cell proliferation and bone development. However, studies on the mechanism through which rutin regulates osteogenesis and MSC differentiation are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanisms of rutin on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. MSCs were extracted from umbilical cords and treated with rutin, followed by the examination of osteogenesis-related markers. Rutin treatment promoted the differentiation of MSCs towards the osteogenic lineage rather than the adipogenic lineage and increased the expression of osteogenic markers. RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis indicated that rutin regulated p53, a key gene in regulating the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Additionally, cellular experiments showed that rutin-induced decrease in p53 expression increased the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by promoting p65 phosphorylation and caspase-3 cleavage. Conclusively, this study demonstrates the importance of rutin in osteogenesis and indicates that rutin possesses potential pharmaceutical application for bone regeneration and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- Department of Science and Education, Jinqiu Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Wanru Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Digestive Ward, Shenyang Red Cross Society Hospital China, Shenyang 110013, China
| | - Yongmin Feng
- Department of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Junfeng Hao
- Department of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
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Leser JM, Torre OM, Gould NR, Guo Q, Buck HV, Kodama J, Otsuru S, Stains JP. Osteoblast-lineage calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase 2 delta and gamma regulates bone mass and quality. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304492120. [PMID: 37976259 PMCID: PMC10666124 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304492120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regulates its mass and quality in response to diverse mechanical, hormonal, and local signals. The bone anabolic or catabolic responses to these signals are often received by osteocytes, which then coordinate the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts on bone surfaces. We previously established that calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase 2 (CaMKII) is required for osteocytes to respond to some bone anabolic cues in vitro. However, a role for CaMKII in bone physiology in vivo is largely undescribed. Here, we show that conditional codeletion of the most abundant isoforms of CaMKII (delta and gamma) in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes [Ocn-cre:Camk2d/Camk2g double-knockout (dCKO)] caused severe osteopenia in both cortical and trabecular compartments by 8 wk of age. In addition to having less bone mass, dCKO bones are of worse quality, with significant deficits in mechanical properties, and a propensity to fracture. This striking skeletal phenotype is multifactorial, including diminished osteoblast activity, increased osteoclast activity, and altered phosphate homeostasis both systemically and locally. These dCKO mice exhibited decreased circulating phosphate (hypophosphatemia) and increased expression of the phosphate-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 23. Additionally, dCKO mice expressed less bone-derived tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase protein than control mice. Consistent with altered phosphate homeostasis, we observed that dCKO bones were hypo-mineralized with prominent osteoid seams, analogous to the phenotypes of mice with hypophosphatemia. Altogether, these data reveal a fundamental role for osteocyte CaMKIIδ and CaMKIIγ in the maintenance of bone mass and bone quality and link osteoblast/osteocyte CaMKII to phosphate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M. Leser
- Department of Othopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Olivia M. Torre
- Department of Othopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Nicole R. Gould
- Department of Othopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Qiaoyue Guo
- Department of Othopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Heather V. Buck
- Department of Othopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Joe Kodama
- Department of Othopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Satoru Otsuru
- Department of Othopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Joseph P. Stains
- Department of Othopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
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Farsani MA, Banitalebi E, Faramarzi M, Bakhtiari N, Rahimi M, Duque G. Bone-muscle crosstalk following exercise plus Ursolic acid by myomiR-133a/Cx43-Runx2 axis in aged type 2 diabetes rat models. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 370:110315. [PMID: 36535313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural bioactive compound, Ursolic acid (UA), plus different types of exercise may exert the action on glycemic control, leading to clinical benefits in the prevention and treatment of aging/diabetes-associated complications. So, this study examined the effects of eight weeks combination of 250 mg of UA per day per kilogram of body weight of rat as well as resistance/endurance training on miR-133a expression across serum, bone marrow, skeletal muscle, and Connexin 43 (Cx43)-Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) signaling axis in high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced T2D (here, HFD/STZ-induced T2D). The study was conducted on 56 male Wistar rats (427 ± 44 g, 21 months old), having HFD/STZ-induced T2D randomly assigned into 7 groups of 8 including (1) sedentary non-diabetic old rats (C); (2) sedentary type 2 diabetes animal model (D); (3) sedentary type 2 diabetes animal model + UA (DU); (4) endurance-trained type 2 diabetes animal model (DE); (5) resistance-trained type 2 diabetes animal model (DR); (6) endurance-trained type 2 diabetes animal model + UA (DEU); and (7) resistance-trained type 2 diabetes animal model + UA (DRU). Resistance training included a model of eight weeks of ladder resistance training at 60-80% maximal voluntary carrying capacity (MVCC) for five days/week. Treadmill endurance exercise protocol included eight weeks of repetitive bouts of low-/high-intensity training with 30%-40% and 60%-75% maximal running speed for five days/week, respectively. UA Supplementary groups were treated with 500 mg of UA per kg of high-fat diet per day. The results revealed significant supplement and exercise interaction effects for the BM miR-133a (p = 0.001), the bone marrow Runx2 (p = 0.002), but not the serum miR-133a (p = 0.517), the skeletal muscle miR-133a (p = 0.097) and the Cx43 (p = 0.632). In conclusion, only eight weeks of resistance-type exercise could affect miR-133a profile in muscles and osteoblast differentiation biomarker RUNX2 in aged T2D model of rats. 250 mg of UA per kilogram of body weight rat per day was administered orally, less than the sufficient dose for biological and physiological impacts on osteoblast differentiation biomarkers in aged T2D model of rats following eight weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad Faramarzi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nuredin Bakhtiari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rahimi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Dr. Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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HIF1α Promotes BMP9-Mediated Osteoblastic Differentiation and Vascularization by Interacting with CBFA1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2475169. [PMID: 36217388 PMCID: PMC9547689 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2475169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) as the most potent osteogenic molecule which initiates the differentiation of stem cells into the osteoblast lineage and regulates angiogenesis, remains unclear how BMP9-regulated angiogenic signaling is coupled to the osteogenic pathway. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) is critical for vascularization and osteogenic differentiation and the CBFA1, known as runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) which plays a regulatory role in osteogenesis. This study investigated the combined effect of HIF1α and Runx2 on BMP9-induced osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of the immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs). The effect of HIF1α and Runx2 on the osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of iMEFs was evaluated. The relationship between HIF1α- and Runx2-mediated angiogenesis during BMP9-regulated osteogenic differentiation of iMEFs was evaluated by ChIP assays. We demonstrated that exogenous expression of HIF1α and Runx2 is coupled to potentiate BMP9-induced osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation both in vitro and animal model. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (ChIP) showed that Runx2 is a downstream target of HIF1α that regulates BMP9-mediated osteogenesis and angiogenic differentiation. Our findings reveal that HIF1α immediately regulates Runx2 and may originate an essential regulatory thread to harmonize osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation in iMEFs, and this coupling between HIF1α and Runx2 is essential for bone healing.
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Connexin 43 affects thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum by regulating the p38 MAPK-RUNX2 signaling pathway. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101760. [PMID: 35220127 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of connexin 43 (CX43) in thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum (TOLF) based on the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)-runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) pathway. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CX43 expression in TOLF and non-TOLF patients, fibroblasts of TOLF were isolated and induced osteogenic differentiation, and CX43 expression was detected by western blot analysis (WB). In addition, si-CX43 was used to intervene CX43, and SB203580 was used to inhibit the p38MAPK. The expressions of bone differentiation marker protein were detected by WB, and the ossification ability was analyzed by alizarin red staining. The interaction between RUNX2 and CX43 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results found that CX43 was highly expressed during TOLF, and si-CX43 could inhibit the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteopontin (OPN), as well as inhibit TOLF and the p38MAPK-RUNX2 pathway. In addition, SB203580 showed a synergistic effect with si-CX43 to further inhibit TOLF and the expression of RUNX2. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that RUNX2 could bind to the CX43 promoter. In conclusion, CX43 promotes TOLF, which may be mediated by p38MAPK-RUNX2, and RUNX2 binds to the CX43 promoter to form a positive feedback regulatory loop during TOLF.
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7
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miR-23a-3p Regulates Runx2 to Inhibit the Proliferation and Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8719542. [PMID: 35342401 PMCID: PMC8956426 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8719542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of microRNA-23a (miR-23a-3p) and Runx2 on malignant progression of oral cancer cells and their possible molecular mechanisms. Methods Fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-23a-3p and Runx2 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues and paracancerous tissues. The dual luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the targeted regulation of miR-23a-3p on Runx2. A subcutaneous xenograft model was established to investigate the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-23a-3p. Cells were transfected with miR-23a-3p mimics and negative control NC. CCK-8 assay, EDU assay, Transwell assay, and clone formation assay were used to detect malignant evolution of cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Runx2, PTEN, and PI3K/Akt. The cells were simultaneously transfected with miR-23a-3p mimics and Runx2 to detect the malignant evolution of cells. Results The expression of miR-23a-3p was downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues, while the expression of Runx2 was upregulated. Overexpression of miR-23a-3p or inhibition of Runx2 inhibited the malignant progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 and TSCCA. Overexpression of miR-23a-3p inhibits the growth of oral cancer tumors. miR-23a-3p inhibits the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through Runx2. Overexpression of Runx2 reverses the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-23a-3p. Conclusion miR-23a-3p can inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by targeting Runx2 and inhibit the malignant evolution of oral cancer.
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An S, Zheng S, Cai Z, Chen S, Wang C, Li Y, Deng Z. Connexin43 in Musculoskeletal System: New Targets for Development and Disease Progression. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1715-1732. [DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Aljohani H, Stains JP, Majumdar S, Srinivasan D, Senbanjo L, Chellaiah MA. Peptidomimetic inhibitor of L-plastin reduces osteoclastic bone resorption in aging female mice. Bone Res 2021; 9:22. [PMID: 33837180 PMCID: PMC8035201 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
L-plastin (LPL) was identified as a potential regulator of the actin-bundling process involved in forming nascent sealing zones (NSZs), which are precursor zones for mature sealing zones. TAT-fused cell-penetrating small molecular weight LPL peptide (TAT- MARGSVSDEE, denoted as an inhibitory LPL peptide) attenuated the formation of NSZs and impaired bone resorption in vitro in osteoclasts. Also, the genetic deletion of LPL in mice demonstrated decreased eroded perimeters and increased trabecular bone density. In the present study, we hypothesized that targeting LPL with the inhibitory LPL peptide in vivo could reduce osteoclast function and increase bone density in a mice model of low bone mass. We injected aging C57BL/6 female mice (36 weeks old) subcutaneously with the inhibitory and scrambled peptides of LPL for 14 weeks. Micro-CT and histomorphometry analyses demonstrated an increase in trabecular bone density of femoral and tibial bones with no change in cortical thickness in mice injected with the inhibitory LPL peptide. A reduction in the serum levels of CTX-1 peptide suggests that the increase in bone density is associated with a decrease in osteoclast function. No changes in bone formation rate and mineral apposition rate, and the serum levels of P1NP indicate that the inhibitory LPL peptide does not affect osteoblast function. Our study shows that the inhibitory LPL peptide can block osteoclast function without impairing the function of osteoblasts. LPL peptide could be developed as a prospective therapeutic agent to treat osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Aljohani
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostics Sciences, King Saud University, School of Dentistry, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sunipa Majumdar
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deepa Srinivasan
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Linda Senbanjo
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meenakshi A Chellaiah
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Gould NR, Williams KM, Joca HC, Torre OM, Lyons JS, Leser JM, Srikanth MP, Hughes M, Khairallah RJ, Feldman RA, Ward CW, Stains JP. Disparate bone anabolic cues activate bone formation by regulating the rapid lysosomal degradation of sclerostin protein. eLife 2021; 10:e64393. [PMID: 33779549 PMCID: PMC8032393 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The downregulation of sclerostin in osteocytes mediates bone formation in response to mechanical cues and parathyroid hormone (PTH). To date, the regulation of sclerostin has been attributed exclusively to the transcriptional downregulation of the Sost gene hours after stimulation. Using mouse models and rodent cell lines, we describe the rapid, minute-scale post-translational degradation of sclerostin protein by the lysosome following mechanical load and PTH. We present a model, integrating both new and established mechanically and hormonally activated effectors into the regulated degradation of sclerostin by lysosomes. Using a mouse forelimb mechanical loading model, we find transient inhibition of lysosomal degradation or the upstream mechano-signaling pathway controlling sclerostin abundance impairs subsequent load-induced bone formation by preventing sclerostin degradation. We also link dysfunctional lysosomes to aberrant sclerostin regulation using human Gaucher disease iPSCs. These results reveal how bone anabolic cues post-translationally regulate sclerostin abundance in osteocytes to regulate bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Gould
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Katrina M Williams
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Humberto C Joca
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Olivia M Torre
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - James S Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jenna M Leser
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Manasa P Srikanth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Marcus Hughes
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | | | - Ricardo A Feldman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Christopher W Ward
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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da Costa Fernandes C, Rodríguez VMO, Soares-Costa A, Cirelli JA, Justino DMN, Roma B, Zambuzzi WF, Faria G. Cystatin-like protein of sweet orange (CsinCPI-2) modulates pre-osteoblast differentiation via β-Catenin involvement. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:33. [PMID: 33751248 PMCID: PMC7985097 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytocystatins are endogenous cysteine-protease inhibitors present in plants. They are involved in initial germination rates and in plant defense mechanisms against phytopathogens. Recently, a new phytocystatin derived from sweet orange, CsinCPI-2, has been shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity of human cathepsins, presenting anti-inflammatory potential and pro-osteogenic effect in human dental pulp cells. The osteogenic potential of the CsinCPI-2 protein represents a new insight into plants cysteine proteases inhibitors and this effect needs to be better addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of pre-osteoblasts in response to CsinCPI-2, mainly focusing on cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation mechanisms. Together our data show that in the first hours of treatment, protein in CsinCPI-2 promotes an increase in the expression of adhesion markers, which decrease after 24 h, leading to the activation of Kinase-dependent cyclines (CDKs) modulating the transition from G1 to S phases cell cycle. In addition, we saw that the increase in ERK may be associated with activation of the differentiation profile, also observed with an increase in the B-Catenin pathway and an increase in the expression of Runx2 in the group that received the treatment with CsinCPI-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célio da Costa Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioassays and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Manuel Ochoa Rodríguez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Soares-Costa
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Joni Augusto Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara Roma
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Fernando Zambuzzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioassays and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Costa V, De Fine M, Carina V, Conigliaro A, Raimondi L, De Luca A, Bellavia D, Salamanna F, Alessandro R, Pignatti G, Fini M, Giavaresi G. How miR-31-5p and miR-33a-5p Regulates SP1/CX43 Expression in Osteoarthritis Disease: Preliminary Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2471. [PMID: 33671114 PMCID: PMC7957523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative bone disease that involved micro and macro-environment of joints. To date, there are no radical curative treatments for OA and novel therapies are mandatory. Recent evidence suggests the role of miRNAs in OA progression. In our previous studies, we demonstrated the role of miR-31-5p and miR-33a families in different bone regeneration signaling. Here, we investigated the role of miR-31-5p and miR-33a-5p in OA progression. A different expression of miR-31-5p and miR-33a-5p into osteoblasts and chondrocytes isolated from joint tissues of OA patients classified in based on different Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grading was highlighted; and through a bioinformatic approach the common miRNAs target Specificity proteins (Sp1) were identified. Sp1 regulates the expression of gap junction protein Connexin43 (Cx43), which in OA drives the modification of i) osteoblasts and chondrocytes genes expression, ii) joint inflammation cytokines releases and iii) cell functions. Concerning this, thanks to gain and loss of function studies, the possible role of Sp1 as a modulator of CX43 expression through miR-31-5p and miR-33a-5p action was also evaluated. Finally, we hypothesize that both miRNAs cooperate to modulate the expression of SP1 in osteoblasts and chondrocytes and interfering, consequently, with CX43 expression, and they might be further investigated as new possible biomarkers for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Costa
- SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche-SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (L.R.); (A.D.L.); (D.B.); (F.S.); (M.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Marcello De Fine
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Valeria Carina
- SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche-SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (L.R.); (A.D.L.); (D.B.); (F.S.); (M.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Lavinia Raimondi
- SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche-SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (L.R.); (A.D.L.); (D.B.); (F.S.); (M.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Angela De Luca
- SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche-SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (L.R.); (A.D.L.); (D.B.); (F.S.); (M.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Daniele Bellavia
- SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche-SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (L.R.); (A.D.L.); (D.B.); (F.S.); (M.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche-SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (L.R.); (A.D.L.); (D.B.); (F.S.); (M.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.C.); (R.A.)
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pignatti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.D.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Milena Fini
- SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche-SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (L.R.); (A.D.L.); (D.B.); (F.S.); (M.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche-SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (L.R.); (A.D.L.); (D.B.); (F.S.); (M.F.); (G.G.)
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13
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Liu XW, Ma B, Zi Y, Xiang LB, Han TY. Effects of rutin on osteoblast MC3T3-E1 differentiation, ALP activity and Runx2 protein expression. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 33478200 PMCID: PMC7856824 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a flavonoid, rutin has been found to have a wide range of biological functions, such as resisting inflammation and oxidation, and preventing cerebral hemorrhage and hypertension. It has been found to play an important role in osteoporosis and other orthopedic diseases in recent years. MC3T3-E1 cells were randomly divided into a control group, a rutin-1 group (0.01 mmol/L), a rutin-2 group (0.05 mmol/L) and a rutin-3 group (0.1 mmol/L). Osteogenic differentiation of cells was induced by osteogenic induction fluid. The control group was treated with the maximum dose of drug solvent. 2~3 days later, the solvent was replaced with fresh osteogenic induction fluid containing rutin. After a certain period of routine culture, the cells were collected for subsequent experiments. The expression of Runx2 gene in cells in all groups was detected by Real-time PCR; the expression of Runx2 protein was detected by Western blot and immunocytochemistry (IHC); the activity of ALP was detected by reagent kit method; osteogenic differentiation was analyzed by alizarin red staining. The results of Real-time PCR showed that, compared with the control group, the treatment of cells with rutin can significantly increase the expression of Runx2 gene (p<0.05); the higher the concentration, the higher the expression of Runx2 gene, and significant differences were found among groups in which different concentrations were used (p<0.05); the results of Western blot and IHC showed that the expression trend of Runx2 protein in each group was consistent with PCR results. In drug treatment groups, the activity of ALP was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.05); there were significant differences among groups in which different concentrations were used (p<0.05). The results of alizarin red staining showed that calcified nodules were formed in all groups and that the area of calcified nodules formed in groups treated with rutin was greater than that in the control group; the greater the concentration, the larger the area. Rutin can promote osteoblastic differentiation; and the greater the concentration, the more effective it is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning.
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai.
| | - Ying Zi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Air Force Hospital of the Northern Theater of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Shenyang, Liaoning.
| | - Liang-Bi Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning.
| | - Tian-Yu Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning.
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14
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Moore AC, Wu J, Jewlal E, Barr K, Laird DW, Willmore KE. Effects of Reduced Connexin43 Function on Mandibular Morphology and Osteogenesis in Mutant Mouse Models of Oculodentodigital Dysplasia. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 107:611-624. [PMID: 32902679 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the gap-junctional protein connexin43 (Cx43) are the cause of the human disease oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD). The mandible is often affected in this disease, with clinical reports describing both mandibular overgrowth and conversely, retrognathia. These seemingly opposing observations underscore our relative lack of understanding of how ODDD affects mandibular morphology. Using two mutant mouse models that mimic the ODDD phenotype (I130T/+ and G60S/+), we sought to uncover how altered Cx43 function may affect mandibular development. Specifically, mandibles of newborn mice were imaged using micro-CT, to enable statistical comparisons of shape. Tissue-level comparisons of key regions of the mandible were conducted using histomorphology, and we quantified the mRNA expression of several cartilage and bone cell differentiation markers. Both G60S/+ and I130T/+ mutant mice had altered mandibular morphology compared to their wildtype counterparts, and the morphological effects were similarly localized for both mutants. Specifically, the biggest phenotypic differences in mutant mice were focused in regions exposed to mechanical forces, such as alveolar bone, muscular attachment sites, and articular surfaces. Histological analyses revealed differences in ossification of the intramembranous bone of the mandibles of both mutant mice compared to their wildtype littermates. However, chondrocyte organization within the secondary cartilages of the mandible was unaffected in the mutant mice. Overall, our results suggest that the morphological differences seen in G60S/+ and I130T/+ mouse mandibles are due to delayed ossification and suggest that mechanical forces may exacerbate the effects of ODDD on the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa C Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Jessica Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Jewlal
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Kevin Barr
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Katherine E Willmore
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
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15
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Zhao X, Alqwbani M, Luo Y, Chen C, A G, Wei Y, Li D, Wang Q, Tian M, Kang P. Glucocorticoids decreased Cx43 expression in osteonecrosis of femoral head: The effect on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:484-498. [PMID: 33205619 PMCID: PMC7810924 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC)‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GC‐ONFH) is considered as one of the most serious side effects of long‐term or over‐dose steroid therapy. However, the underlying cause mechanisms are still not fully investigated. We firstly established a rat model of GC‐ONFH and injected lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and methylprednisolone (MPS). We found that the expressions of Cx43, Runx2, ALP and COLⅠ were more decreased than the normal group. Secondly, the isolated rat bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were treated with dexamethasone (Dex) in vitro, and the expressions of Cx43, Runx2, ALP and COLⅠ were decreased significantly. Moreover, the results of immunofluorescence staining, alizarin red staining, EdU assay and CCK8 showed that the osteogenic differentiation and the proliferation capacity of BMSCs were decreased after induced by Dex. A plasmid of lentivirus‐mediated Cx43 (Lv‐Cx43) gene overexpression was established to investigate the function of Cx43 in BMSCs under the Dex treatment. Findings demonstrated that the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation abilities were enhanced after Lv‐Cx43 transfected to BMSCs, and these beneficial effects of Lv‐Cx43 were significantly blocked when PD988059 (an inhibitor of ERK1/2) was used. In conclusion, the overexpression of Cx43 could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via activating the ERK1/2 signalling pathway, which provide a basic evidence for further study on the detailed function of Cx43 in GC‐ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mohammed Alqwbani
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changjun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ge A
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wei
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Donghai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuru Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengde Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Antagonistic Functions of Connexin 43 during the Development of Primary or Secondary Bone Tumors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091240. [PMID: 32859065 PMCID: PMC7565206 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite research and clinical advances during recent decades, bone cancers remain a leading cause of death worldwide. There is a low survival rate for patients with primary bone tumors such as osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma or secondary bone tumors such as bone metastases from prostate carcinoma. Gap junctions are specialized plasma membrane structures consisting of transmembrane channels that directly link the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, thereby enabling the direct exchange of small signaling molecules between cells. Discoveries of human genetic disorders due to genetic mutations in gap junction proteins (connexins) and experimental data using connexin knockout mice have provided significant evidence that gap-junctional intercellular communication (Gj) is crucial for tissue function. Thus, the dysfunction of Gj may be responsible for the development of some diseases. Gj is thus a main mechanism for tumor cells to communicate with other tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment to survive and proliferate. If it is well accepted that a low level of connexin expression favors cancer cell proliferation and therefore primary tumor development, more evidence is suggesting that a high level of connexin expression stimulates various cellular process such as intravasation, extravasation, or migration of metastatic cells. If so, connexin expression would facilitate secondary tumor dissemination. This paper discusses evidence that suggests that connexin 43 plays an antagonistic role in the development of primary bone tumors as a tumor suppressor and secondary bone tumors as a tumor promoter.
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Jarvis SE, Lee JE, Jewlal E, Barr K, Kelly GM, Laird DW, Willmore KE. Effects of reduced connexin43 function on skull development in the Cx43 I130T/+ mutant mouse that models oculodentodigital dysplasia. Bone 2020; 136:115365. [PMID: 32320893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD) is a disease caused by mutations in the GJA1 gene that encodes the gap-junctional protein connexin43 (Cx43). ODDD affects multiple organs, but craniofacial anomalies are typical. However, details on the timing of phenotypic presentation of these abnormalities and their correspondence with potential cellular changes are incomplete. Here, we perform the first assessment of the development of the ODDD craniofacial phenotype in the Cx43I130T/+ mouse model and show that the phenotypic features commonly found in patients with the disorder arise in mice between E17.5 and birth and become more profound with age. Using mice heterozygous for the I130T mutation of Gja1, we provide a detailed analysis of the craniofacial phenotype in this ODDD model using shape analyses based on micro-CT images. Results show that in addition to differences in facial bone morphology, there are significant shape differences in the cranial base. Mutant mice display delayed ossification at E17.5 and birth, particularly in bones of the face and cranial vault but ossification is normal at three months. Our immunohistochemical analyses of the palatine bone indicate that osteoblast differentiation is delayed in Cx43I130T/+ mice compared to their wildtype littermates, which likely contributes to the phenotypic variations observed in the facial bones. Our histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the synchondroses of the cranial base show no differences in molecular indicators of chondrocyte differentiation in mutant mice, suggesting that the differences to cranial base morphology displayed by Cx43I130T/+ mice are not due to differences in chondrocyte proliferation or differentiation. Together, our findings suggest that Cx43I130T/+ mice represent a surrogate model to not only inform about the craniofacial anomalies found in ODDD patients but also to show that reduced Cx43 function leads to phenotypic changes that are largely due to osteoblast defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sommer E Jarvis
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Jewlal
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Kevin Barr
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Gregory M Kelly
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Katherine E Willmore
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
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18
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Kobayashi F, Uehara O, Ito C, Furusawa M, Abiko Y, Muramatsu T. DNA methylation of GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4 in a human cementoblast cell line induced by lipopolysaccharide. Int Endod J 2020; 53:804-811. [PMID: 32011747 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine DNA methylation of GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4 in human cementoblasts (HCEM) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODOLOGY HCEM were cultured in osteoinduction medium. After 24 h, Escherichia coli LPS (1 μg/mL) was added to the medium, which was changed every 2-3 days. Untreated samples were used as controls. Messenger RNA was extracted after 4 weeks, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for GJA1, BMP2, BMP4 and DNMT1 was performed. Genomic DNA was extracted after 4 weeks, and quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was carried out for GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4. To detect mineralization, alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining were performed. The cells were also treated with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5Aza) and examined. The significance of differences amongst groups was assessed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test with P < 0.05 being significant. RESULTS Decreased expression of mRNA was seen in GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4 after 4 weeks (P < 0.05). DNA hypermethylation was detected in GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4 (P < 0.05). Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase staining revealed decreased mineralization levels in HCEM stimulated with LPS. 5Aza abolished the effects of DNA methylation in HCEM stimulated with LPS. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that long-term LPS stimulation induces DNA methylation of GJA1, BMP2 and BMP4 in HCEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kobayashi
- Department of Endodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - O Uehara
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - C Ito
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Furusawa
- Department of Endodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Abiko
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - T Muramatsu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Chellaiah MA, Moorer MC, Majumdar S, Aljohani H, Morley SC, Yingling V, Stains JP. L-Plastin deficiency produces increased trabecular bone due to attenuation of sealing ring formation and osteoclast dysfunction. Bone Res 2020; 8:3. [PMID: 31993243 PMCID: PMC6976634 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone resorption requires the formation of complex, actin-rich cytoskeletal structures. During the early phase of sealing ring formation by osteoclasts, L-plastin regulates actin-bundling to form the nascent sealing zones (NSZ). Here, we show that L-plastin knockout mice produce osteoclasts that are deficient in the formation of NSZs, are hyporesorptive, and make superficial resorption pits in vitro. Transduction of TAT-fused full-length L-plastin peptide into osteoclasts from L-plastin knockout mice rescued the formation of nascent sealing zones and sealing rings in a time-dependent manner. This response was not observed with mutated full-length L-plastin (Ser-5 and -7 to Ala-5 and -7) peptide. In contrast to the observed defect in the NSZ, L-plastin deficiency did not affect podosome formation or adhesion of osteoclasts in vitro or in vivo. Histomorphometry analyses in 8- and 12-week-old female L-plastin knockout mice demonstrated a decrease in eroded perimeters and an increase in trabecular bone density, without a change in bone formation by osteoblasts. This decrease in eroded perimeters supports that osteoclast function is attenuated in L-plastin knockouts. Micro-CT analyses confirmed a marked increase in trabecular bone mass. In conclusion, female L-plastin knockout mice had increased trabecular bone density due to impaired bone resorption by osteoclasts. L-plastin could be a potential target for therapeutic interventions to treat trabecular bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi A. Chellaiah
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Megan C. Moorer
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Sunipa Majumdar
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Hanan Aljohani
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Sharon C. Morley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Vanessa Yingling
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA USA
| | - Joseph P. Stains
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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20
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Hansamuit K, Osathanon T, Suwanwela J. Effect of Jagged1 on the expression of genes in regulation of osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization ontology in human dental pulp and periodontal ligament cells. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2019; 10:233-237. [PMID: 32489827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To define the effect of Jagged1 on the gene expression in osteoblast differentiation, regulation of osteoblast differentiation and regulation of bone mineralization ontology. Methods Human dental pulp and periodontal ligament cells were isolated using explant method. Cells were seeded on Jagged1 immobilized surface. The mRNA expression was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mineral deposition was evaluated using alizarin red s staining. Publicly available database of gene expression profiles (GSE126249 and GSE94989) were downloaded and performed bioinformatic analysis to identify gene expression in osteoblast differentiation and regulation of osteoblast differentiation and mineralization ontology. Results Both human dental pulp cells and human periodontal ligament cells expressed higher Notch target gene (HES1 and HEY1) when cells were seeded on Jagged1 immobilization surface. Jagged1 significantly increased an in vitro mineral deposition in both cell types after maintaining in osteogenic induction medium for 14 days. Correspondingly, the significant increase of ALPL mRNA expression was observed, while there was no significant change in ANKH and ENPP1 mRNA expression in Jagged1 treated condition. From bioinformatic analysis of genes in osteoblast differentiation ontology, IARS, COL1A1, ALPL, COL6A1, CREB3L1, and SNAI2 mRNA levels were upregulated while GJA1 mRNA levels were decreased upon Jagged1 exposure. In the regulation of bone mineralization ontology, evidences supported that TFGB1 and TGFB3 were upregulated in Jagged1 treated condition. Conclusion Jagged1 promote the mRNA expression of several genes in osteoblast differentiation related gene ontology. This could be further employed to identify the mechanism by which Jagged1 promoted osteogenic differentiation in human dental pulp and periodontal ligament cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokporn Hansamuit
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jaijam Suwanwela
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Jiang E, Kang Z, Wang X, Liu Y, Liu X, Wang Z, Li X, Lan X. Detection of insertions/deletions (InDels) within the goat Runx2 gene and their association with litter size and growth traits. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 32:169-177. [PMID: 31591922 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1671858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is characterized by its critical functions in osteoblastic and ovulatory processes. The goal of this study was to explore the insertion/deletion (indel) variants of this gene and to evaluate their association with productive traits. Herein, a 12 bp and 6 bp insertion within the Runx2 gene was uncovered in Shaanbei white cashmere goats (SBWC; n = 1200). Chi-square analysis revealed that the 12 bp insertion was related to litter size (p < 0.01). Further association analysis also found this insertion was significantly associated with litter size (p = 1.1E-5). Interestingly, this insertion was also significantly associated with chest circumference (p = 0.018). Additionally, the 6 bp insertion was associated with body length (p = 0.003), chest width (p = 0.011), and chest circumference (p = 0.005). Furthermore, diplotype associations also uncovered that the combined genotypes of these two indels also significantly affected litter size and growth traits (p < 0.05). These findings suggested that these two insertions within the Runx2 gene were significantly associated with reproduction and growth traits, which would make them beneficial functional DNA markers that can be used in goat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zihong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangchen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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22
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Jiang Q, Mei L, Zou Y, Ding Q, Cannon R, Chen H, Li H. Genetic Polymorphisms in FGFR2 Underlie Skeletal Malocclusion. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1340-1347. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034519872951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 ( FGFR2) in craniofacial bones mediates osteoprogenitor proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The distortion of proper craniofacial bone growth may cause class II and class III skeletal malocclusion and result in compromised function and aesthetics. Here, we investigated the association between variations in FGFR2 and skeletal malocclusions. First, 895 subjects were included in a 2-stage case-control study with independent populations (stage 1: n = 138 class I, 111 class II, and 81 class III; stage 2: n = 279 class I, 187 class II, and 99 class III). Eight candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FGFR2 were screened and validated. Five SNPs (rs2162540, rs2981578, rs1078806, rs11200014, and rs10736303) were found to be associated with skeletal malocclusions (all P < 0.05). That is, rs2162540 was significantly associated with skeletal class II malocclusion, while others were associated with skeletal class III malocclusion. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that the common genotypes of rs2981578 and rs10736303 contained the binding sites of RUNX2 and SMAD4. Compared with the common genotypes, the minor genotypes at these 2 SNPs decreased the binding affinity and enhancer effect of RUNX2 and SMAD4, as well the levels of FGFR2 expression. In addition, FGFR2 expression contributed positively to osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Thus, we identified FGFR2 as a skeletal malocclusion risk gene, and FGFR2 polymorphisms regulated its transcriptional expression and then osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Jiang
- Orthodontic Department, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - L. Mei
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Y. Zou
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Q. Ding
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - R.D. Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - H. Chen
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - H. Li
- Orthodontic Department, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Connexin43 enhances Wnt and PGE2-dependent activation of β-catenin in osteoblasts. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1235-1243. [PMID: 31240382 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Connexin43 is an important modulator of many signaling pathways in bone. β-Catenin, a key regulator of the osteoblast differentiation and function, is among the pathways downstream of connexin43-dependent intercellular communication. There are striking overlaps between the functions of these two proteins in bone cells. However, differential effects of connexin43 on β-catenin activity have been reported. Here, we examined how connexin43 influenced both Wnt-dependent and Wnt-independent activation of β-catenin in osteoblasts in vitro. Our data show that loss of connexin43 in primary osteoblasts or connexin43 overexpression in UMR106 cells regulated active β-catenin and phospho-Akt levels, with loss of connexin43 inhibiting and connexin43 overexpression increasing the levels of active β-catenin and phospho-Akt. Increasing connexin43 expression synergistically enhanced Wnt3a-dependent activation of β-catenin protein and β-catenin transcriptional activity, as well as Wnt-independent activation of β-catenin by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Finally, we show that the activation of β-catenin by PGE2 required signaling through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) pathway, as the PI3K inhibitor, LY-294002, disrupted the synergy between connexin43 and PGE2. These data show that connexin43 regulates Akt and β-catenin activity and synergistically enhances both Wnt-dependent and Wnt-independent β-catenin signaling in osteoblasts.
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24
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Balenga N, Koh J, Azimzadeh P, Hogue J, Gabr M, Stains JP, Olson JA. Parathyroid-Targeted Overexpression of Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 5 (RGS5) Causes Hyperparathyroidism in Transgenic Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:955-963. [PMID: 30690792 PMCID: PMC8210536 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between impaired calcium sensing, dysregulated parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, and parathyroid cell proliferation in parathyroid neoplasia is not understood. We previously reported that a GTPase activating protein, regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) is overexpressed in a subset of parathyroid tumors associated with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and that RGS5 can inhibit signaling from the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR). In vivo, we found that RGS5-null mice have abnormally low PTH levels. To gain a better understanding of the potential role of RGS5 overexpression in parathyroid neoplasia and PHPT and to investigate whether inhibition of CASR signaling can lead to parathyroid neoplasia, we created and characterized a transgenic mouse strain overexpressing RGS5 specifically in the parathyroid gland. These mice develop hyperparathyroidism, bone changes reflective of elevated PTH, and parathyroid neoplasia. Further, expression of exogenous RGS5 in normal human parathyroid cells results in impaired signaling from CASR and negative feedback on PTH secretion. These results provide evidence that RGS5 can modulate signaling from CASR and support a role for RGS5 in the pathogenesis of PHPT through inhibition of CASR signaling. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman Balenga
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James Koh
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pedram Azimzadeh
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joyce Hogue
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mostafa Gabr
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John A Olson
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Chen Y, Chen M, Xue T, Li G, Wang D, Shang P, Jiang JX, Xu H. Osteocytic connexin 43 channels affect fracture healing. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19824-19832. [PMID: 30980397 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cross-talk between cells is very critical for moving forward fracture healing in an orderly manner. Connexin (Cx) 43-formed gap junctions and hemichannels mediate the communication between adjacent cells and cells and extracellular environment. Loss of Cx43 in osteoblasts/osteocytes results in delayed fracture healing. For investigating the role of two channels in osteocytes in bone repair, two transgenic mouse models with Cx43 dominant negative mutants driven by a 10 kb-DMP1 promoter were generated: R76W (gap junctions are blocked, whereas hemichannels are promoted) and Δ130-136 (both gap junctions and hemichannels are blocked). R76W mice (promotion of hemichannels) showed a significant increase of new bone formation, whereas delayed osteoclastogenesis and healing was observed in Δ130-136 (impairment of gap junctions), but not in R76W mice (hemichannel promotion may recover the delay). These results suggest that gap junctions and hemichannels play some similar and cooperative roles in bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Chen
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Xue
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guobin Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityShenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Huiyun Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityShenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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26
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Gupta A, Leser JM, Gould NR, Buo AM, Moorer MC, Stains JP. Connexin43 regulates osteoprotegerin expression via ERK1/2 -dependent recruitment of Sp1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:728-733. [PMID: 30626485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In bone, connexin43 expression in cells of the osteoblast lineage plays an important role in restraining osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. While there is a consensus around the notion that the anti-osteoclastogenic factor, osteoprotegerin, is a driver of this effect, how connexin43 regulates osteoprotegerin gene expression is unclear. Here, we show that loss of connexin43 decreased osteoprotegerin gene expression and reduced ERK1/2 activation. Conversely, overexpression of connexin43 increased osteoprotegerin expression and enhanced ERK1/2 activation. This increase in phospho-ERK1/2 is required for connexin43 to induce transcription from the osteoprotegerin proximal promoter. Connexin43 increased promoter activity via a specific 200 base pair region of the osteoprotegerin promoter located at -1486 to -1286 with respect to the transcriptional start site, a region which includes four Sp1 binding elements. Further, activation of this promoter region required an intact functional connexin43, as hypomorphic or dominant negative connexin43 mutant constructs, including one with increased hemichannel activity, were unable to stimulate osteoprotegerin expression as strongly as wild type connexin43. Using chromatin immunoprecipitations, we show that connexin43 expression enhanced the recruitment of Sp1, but not Runx2, to the osteoprotegerin proximal promoter. In total, these data show that connexin43-dependent gap junctional communication among osteoblast cells permits efficient ERK1/2 activation. ERK1/2 signaling promotes the recruitment of the potent transcriptional activator, Sp1, to the osteoprotegerin proximal promoter, resulting in robust transcription of anti-osteoclastogenic factor, osteoprotegerin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Gupta
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Jenna M Leser
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Nicole R Gould
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Atum M Buo
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Megan C Moorer
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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27
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Choi JY, Lai JK, Xiong ZM, Ren M, Moorer MC, Stains JP, Cao K. Diminished Canonical β-Catenin Signaling During Osteoblast Differentiation Contributes to Osteopenia in Progeria. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:2059-2070. [PMID: 30001457 PMCID: PMC7739562 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) have low bone mass and an atypical skeletal geometry that manifests in a high risk of fractures. Using both in vitro and in vivo models of HGPS, we demonstrate that defects in the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway, seemingly at the level of the efficiency of nuclear import of β-catenin, impair osteoblast differentiation and that restoring β-catenin activity rescues osteoblast differentiation and significantly improves bone mass. Specifically, we show that HGPS patient-derived iPSCs display defects in osteoblast differentiation, characterized by a decreased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralizing capacity. We demonstrate that the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway, a major signaling cascade involved in skeletal homeostasis, is impaired by progerin, causing a reduction in the active β-catenin in the nucleus and thus decreased transcriptional activity, and its reciprocal cytoplasmic accumulation. Blocking farnesylation of progerin restores active β-catenin accumulation in the nucleus, increasing signaling, and ameliorates the defective osteogenesis. Moreover, in vivo analysis of the Zmpste24-/- HGPS mouse model demonstrates that treatment with a sclerostin-neutralizing antibody (SclAb), which targets an antagonist of canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, fully rescues the low bone mass phenotype to wild-type levels. Together, this study reveals that the β-catenin signaling cascade is a therapeutic target for restoring defective skeletal microarchitecture in HGPS. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Choi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742
| | - Jim K Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Zheng-Mei Xiong
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742
| | - Margaret Ren
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742
| | - Megan C Moorer
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Kan Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742
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28
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Fiscaletti M, Biggin A, Bennetts B, Wong K, Briody J, Pacey V, Birman C, Munns CF. Novel variant in Sp7/Osx associated with recessive osteogenesis imperfecta with bone fragility and hearing impairment. Bone 2018; 110:66-75. [PMID: 29382611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by low bone density and recurrent fractures with a wide genotypic and phenotypic spectrum. Common features include short stature, opalescent teeth, blue sclerae and hearing impairment. The majority (>90%) of patients with OI have autosomal dominant variants in COL1A1/COL1A2, which lead to defects in type 1 collagen. More recently, numerous recessive variants involving other genes have also been identified. Sp7/Osx gene, is a protein coding gene that encodes a zinc finger transcription factor, osterix, which is a member of the Sp subfamily of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. Osterix is expressed primarily by osteoblasts and has been shown to be vital for bone formation and bone homeostasis by promoting osteoblast differentiation and maturation. In animal models, Sp7/Osx has also been shown to regulate biomineralization of otoliths, calcium carbonate structures found in the inner ear of vertebrates. Until recently, only one report of a boy with an Sp7/Osx pathogenic variant presenting with bone fragility, limb deformities and normal hearing has been described in the literature. We have identified a novel Sp7/Osx variant in another sibship that presented with osteoporosis, low-trauma fractures and short stature. Progressive moderate-to-severe and severe-to-profound hearing loss secondary to otospongiosis and poor mineralization of ossicles and petrous temporal bone was also noted in two of the siblings. A homozygous pathogenic variant in exon 2 of the Sp7/Osx gene was found in all affected relatives; c.946C>T (p.Arg316Cys). Bone biopsies in the proband and his male sibling revealed significant cortical porosity and high trabecular bone turnover. This is the second report to describe children with OI associated with an Sp7/Osx variant. However, it is the first to describe the bone histomorphometry associated with this disorder and identifies a significant hearing loss as a potential feature in this OI subtype. Early audiology screening in these children is therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Fiscaletti
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Andrew Biggin
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce Bennetts
- Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Molecular Genetics Department, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Wong
- Molecular Genetics Department, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie Briody
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Verity Pacey
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Health Professions, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Birman
- Department of ENT and Discipline of Paediatrics and Child health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig F Munns
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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29
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Han J, Liu X, Li Y, Zhang J, Yu H. Sirt1/Nrf2 signalling pathway prevents cognitive impairment in diabetic rats through anti‑oxidative stress induced by miRNA‑23b‑3p expression. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:8414-8422. [PMID: 29658582 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study the exact roles and mechanisms underlying the effect of miRNA‑23b‑3p on the cognitive impairment of diabetic rats were investigated. The in vivo model of diabetes was established in Wistar rats via a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Cognitive function was evaluated using a Morris water maze test. Oxidative stress was measured using ELISA kits, and the protein expression levels of B‑cell lymphoma 2‑associated X protein, silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) and GAPDH were measured by western blot analysis. Micro (mi)RNA‑23b‑3p mimics were employed to increase miRNA‑23b‑3p expression in the in vitro model. Overexpression of miRNA‑23b‑3p increased oxidative stress (as indicated by the levels of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde) and apoptosis in neurocytes following high‑glucose treatment. The overexpression of miRNA‑23b‑3p also suppressed SIRT1 and Nrf2 expression in neurocytes following high‑glucose treatment; it also promoted the SIRT1‑induced inhibition of apoptosis and oxidative stress. The promotion of SIRT1 also decreased the effect of miRNA‑23b‑3p on cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. In conclusion, miRNA‑23b‑3p prevents the cognitive impairment of diabetic rats via anti‑oxidative stress effects and the Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yingzhi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Haichi Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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30
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Kang HR, da Costa Fernandes CJ, da Silva RA, Constantino VRL, Koh IHJ, Zambuzzi WF. Mg-Al and Zn-Al Layered Double Hydroxides Promote Dynamic Expression of Marker Genes in Osteogenic Differentiation by Modulating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29280352 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of LDH samples comprised of chloride anions intercalated between positive layers of magnesium/aluminum (Mg-Al LDH) or zinc/aluminum (Zn-Al LDH) chemical composition on pre-osteoblast performance is investigated. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of both LDHs modulated pre-osteoblast adhesion by triggering cytoskeleton rearrangement dependent on recruiting of Cofilin, which is modulated by the inhibition of the Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A), culminating in osteoblast differentiation with a significant increase of osteogenic marker genes. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) are significantly up-modulated by both LDHs; however, Mg-Al LDH nanomaterial promoted even more significance than both experimental controls, while the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs)- extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) significantly increased. MAPK signaling is necessary to activate Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene. Concomitantly, it is also investigated whether challenged osteoblasts are able to modulate osteoclastogenesis by investigating both osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-ligand (RANKL) in this model; a dynamic reprogramming of both these genes is found, suggesting LDHs in modulating osteoclastogenesis. These results suggest that LDHs interfere in bone remodeling, and they can be considered as nanomaterials in graft-based bone healing or drug-delivery materials for bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Ram Kang
- Laboratorio de Bioensaios e Dinâmica Celular; Departamento de Química e Bioquímica; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP; campus Botucatu São Paulo CEP 18618-970 Brazil
| | - Célio Junior da Costa Fernandes
- Laboratorio de Bioensaios e Dinâmica Celular; Departamento de Química e Bioquímica; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP; campus Botucatu São Paulo CEP 18618-970 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Augusto da Silva
- Laboratorio de Bioensaios e Dinâmica Celular; Departamento de Química e Bioquímica; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP; campus Botucatu São Paulo CEP 18618-970 Brazil
| | - Vera Regina Leopoldo Constantino
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo-USP; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748 São Paulo CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Ivan Hong Jun Koh
- Departamento de Cirurgia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP; Rua Botucatu 740 CEP 04023-900 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Willian F. Zambuzzi
- Laboratorio de Bioensaios e Dinâmica Celular; Departamento de Química e Bioquímica; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP; campus Botucatu São Paulo CEP 18618-970 Brazil
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31
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Davis HM, Aref MW, Aguilar-Perez A, Pacheco-Costa R, Allen K, Valdez S, Herrera C, Atkinson EG, Mohammad A, Lopez D, Harris MA, Harris SE, Allen M, Bellido T, Plotkin LI. Cx43 overexpression in osteocytes prevents osteocyte apoptosis and preserves cortical bone quality in aging mice. JBMR Plus 2018; 2:206-216. [PMID: 29978155 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Young, skeletally mature mice lacking Cx43 in osteocytes exhibit increased osteocyte apoptosis and decreased bone strength, resembling the phenotype of old mice. Further, the expression of Cx43 in bone decreases with age, suggesting a contribution of reduced Cx43 levels to the age-related changes in the skeleton. We report herein that Cx43 overexpression in osteocytes achieved by using the DMP1-8kb promoter (Cx43OT mice) attenuates the skeletal cortical, but not trabecular bone phenotype of aged, 14-month-old mice. The percentage of Cx43-expressing osteocytes was higher in Cx43OT mice, whereas the percentage of Cx43 positive osteoblasts remained similar to wild type (WT) littermate control mice. The percentage of apoptotic osteocytes and osteoblasts was increased in aged WT mice compared to skeletally mature, 6-month-old WT mice, and the percentage of apoptotic osteocytes, but not osteoblasts, was decreased in age-matched Cx43OT mice. Aged WT mice exhibited decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption as quantified by histomorphometric analysis and circulating markers, compared to skeletally mature mice. Further, aged WT mice exhibited the expected decrease in bone biomechanical structural and material properties compared to young mice. Cx43 overexpression prevented the increase in osteoclasts and decrease in bone formation on the endocortical surfaces, and the changes in circulating markers in the aged mice. Moreover, the ability of bone to resist damage was preserved in aged Cx43OT mice both at the structural and material level. All together, these findings suggest that increased Cx43 expression in osteocytes ameliorates age-induced cortical bone changes by preserving osteocyte viability and maintaining bone formation, leading to improved bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Davis
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mohammad W Aref
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexandra Aguilar-Perez
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rafael Pacheco-Costa
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kimberly Allen
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sinai Valdez
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carmen Herrera
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Emily G Atkinson
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arwa Mohammad
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David Lopez
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marie A Harris
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Stephen E Harris
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Allen
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Dept. Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Parthasarathi K. The Pulmonary Vascular Barrier: Insights into Structure, Function, and Regulatory Mechanisms. MOLECULAR AND FUNCTIONAL INSIGHTS INTO THE PULMONARY VASCULATURE 2018; 228:41-61. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
Connexons form the basis of hemichannels and gap junctions. They are composed of six tetraspan proteins called connexins. Connexons can function as individual hemichannels, releasing cytosolic factors (such as ATP) into the pericellular environment. Alternatively, two hemichannel connexons from neighbouring cells can come together to form gap junctions, membrane-spanning channels that facilitate cell-cell communication by enabling signalling molecules of approximately 1 kDa to pass from one cell to an adjacent cell. Connexins are expressed in joint tissues including bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle and the synovium. Indicative of their importance as gap junction components, connexins are also known as gap junction proteins, but individual connexin proteins are gaining recognition for their channel-independent roles, which include scaffolding and signalling functions. Considerable evidence indicates that connexons contribute to the function of bone and muscle, but less is known about the function of connexons in other joint tissues. However, the implication that connexins and gap junctional channels might be involved in joint disease, including age-related bone loss, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, emphasizes the need for further research into these areas and highlights the therapeutic potential of connexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA
| | - Roy W Qu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Damian C Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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