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Sawanobori A, Moriwaki K, Takamatsu S, Kamada Y, Miyoshi E. A glycoproteomic approach to identify novel glycomarkers for cancer stem cells. Proteomics 2016; 16:3073-3080. [PMID: 26949200 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Most cancers consist of heterogeneous populations of cells with substantial differences in tumorigenicity. Cells that possess self-renewal and tumor-initiating properties are often called cancer stem cells (CSCs). Since CSCs underlie tumor recurrence and metastasis and are resistant to current anti-cancer therapies, novel therapeutic strategies to efficiently target this subset of cells are needed. Aberrant glycosylation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Many cancer-associated glycans have been reported to be involved in tumor progression and metastasis, and are used as tumor markers. Over the past several years, we have identified characteristic glycans on CSCs by utilizing recent advances in glycoproteomic technologies. In this review, we would like to summarize a series of our recent studies and discuss possible applications of glycomarkers for CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Sawanobori
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenta Moriwaki
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Al-Hakeim HK, Al-Ankoshy AM, Alsharifi MR. Efficiency of Fetuin-A and Procalcitonin in the Diagnosis of Infection in Patients with Febrile Seizure. ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/afmnai-2016-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Fetuin-A is a negative acute phase reactant, while procalcitonin is an indicator of severe bacterial infection. Diagnosis of bacterial infection in febrile seizure (FS) is important for choosing the most suitable treatment. In this study, serum fetuin-A was estimated, for the first time, in the inpatients with FS and compared with procalcitonin and blood culture tests.
A total of 60 children (28 male and 32 female) with FS in addition to 30 sex- and age-matched children participated in the study. Patients were classified according to sex, age, PCT level (high PCT>0.5ng/mL), C-reactive protein (CRP, positive >6mg/L), and according to the results of the blood culture.
Fetuin-A level decreased and PCT level increased in FS patients in comparison to those in the control group. These changes are significantly increased (p<0.05) in the positive CRP group compared with that of the negative CRP group. Kernel density estimation showed that procalcitonin is a better indicator of the infection in FS children than fetuin-A . Procalcitonin is more sensitive and specific than fetuin-A and when used together they produce 100% sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of bacterial infection in FS patients.
Fetuin-A is low in FS patients and can be used with procalcitonin in the diagnosis of bacterial infection in FS.
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Celebi G, Genc H, Gurel H, Sertoglu E, Kara M, Tapan S, Acikel C, Karslioglu Y, Ercin CN, Dogru T. The relationship of circulating fetuin-a with liver histology and biomarkers of systemic inflammation in nondiabetic subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:139-45. [PMID: 26021772 PMCID: PMC4455143 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.157556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Fetuin-A, a glycoprotein with anti-inflammatory properties, plays an important role in counter-regulating inflammatory responses. It has also been associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. We aimed to investigate circulating concentrations of fetuin-A and its possible association with hepatic and systemic inflammation in nondiabetic subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). PATIENTS AND METHODS We included 105 nondiabetic male subjects with NAFLD [nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, n = 86) and simple steatosis (SS, n = 19)]. Plasma levels of fetuin-A and markers of inflammation [high-sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and adiponectin] were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Insulin sensitivity was determined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. RESULTS Fetuin-A was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.27, P = 0.006), however there was no association between fetuin-A and body mass index, waist circumference (WC), glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid parameters, and inflammatory markers. In addition, no significant association was observed between fetuin-A and histological findings including liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that plasma fetuin-A levels are not correlated with the hepatic histology and systemic markers of inflammation in nondiabetic subjects with NAFLD. Our data also suggested that age is significantly associated with fetuin-A in this clinically relevant condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurkan Celebi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey,Address for correspondence: Dr. Gurkan Celebi, Department of Gastroenterology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Tevfik Saglam Street, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail:
| | - Halil Genc
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Gurel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdim Sertoglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Beytepe Military Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muammer Kara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Tapan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cengizhan Acikel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Cemal Nuri Ercin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Teoman Dogru
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Azuma K, Serada S, Takamatsu S, Terao N, Takeishi S, Kamada Y, Naka T, Miyoshi E. Identification of Sialylated Glycoproteins in Doxorubicin-Treated Hepatoma Cells with Glycoproteomic Analyses. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4869-77. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5004399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Azuma
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Serada
- Laboratory
for Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoko Terao
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Takeishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-0855, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Naka
- Laboratory
for Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Bella A, Sousa N, Dehimi M, Beckers J. Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein, chymosin and pepsinogen immunoreactivity of proteins extracted from fetal gastric tissue in bovine species. Res Vet Sci 2012; 92:378-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gorski JP. Biomineralization of bone: a fresh view of the roles of non-collagenous proteins. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2011; 16:2598-621. [PMID: 21622198 DOI: 10.2741/3875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The impact of genetics has dramatically affected our understanding of the functions of non-collagenous proteins. Specifically, mutations and knockouts have defined their cellular spectrum of actions. However, the biochemical mechanisms mediated by non-collagenous proteins in biomineralization remain elusive. It is likely that this understanding will require more focused functional testing at the protein, cell, and tissue level. Although initially viewed as rather redundant and static acidic calcium binding proteins, it is now clear that non-collagenous proteins in mineralizing tissues represent diverse entities capable of forming multiple protein-protein interactions which act in positive and negative ways to regulate the process of bone mineralization. Several new examples from the author's laboratory are provided which illustrate this theme including an apparent activating effect of hydroxyapatite crystals on metalloproteinases. This review emphasizes the view that secreted non-collagenous proteins in mineralizing bone actively participate in the mineralization process and ultimately control where and how much mineral crystal is deposited, as well as determining the quality and biomechanical properties of the mineralized matrix produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Paul Gorski
- Center of Excellence in the Study of Musculoskeletal and Dental Tissues and Dept. of Oral Biology, Sch. Of Dentistry, Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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A hepatic protein, fetuin-A, occupies a protective role in lethal systemic inflammation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16945. [PMID: 21347455 PMCID: PMC3035675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A liver-derived protein, fetuin-A, was first purified from calf fetal serum in 1944, but its potential role in lethal systemic inflammation was previously unknown. This study aims to delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of hepatic fetuin-A expression during lethal systemic inflammation (LSI), and investigated whether alterations of fetuin-A levels affect animal survival, and influence systemic accumulation of a late mediator, HMGB1. Methods and Findings LSI was induced by endotoxemia or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in fetuin-A knock-out or wild-type mice, and animal survival rates were compared. Murine peritoneal macrophages were challenged with exogenous (endotoxin) or endogenous (IFN-γ) stimuli in the absence or presence of fetuin-A, and HMGB1 expression and release was assessed. Circulating fetuin-A levels were decreased in a time-dependent manner, starting between 26 h, reaching a nadir around 24–48 h, and returning towards base-line approximately 72 h post onset of endotoxemia or sepsis. These dynamic changes were mirrored by an early cytokine IFN-γ-mediated inhibition (up to 50–70%) of hepatic fetuin-A expression. Disruption of fetuin-A expression rendered animals more susceptible to LSI, whereas supplementation of fetuin-A (20–100 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased animal survival rates. The protection was associated with a significant reduction in systemic HMGB1 accumulation in vivo, and parallel inhibition of IFN-γ- or LPS-induced HMGB1 release in vitro. Conclusions These experimental data suggest that fetuin-A is protective against lethal systemic inflammation partly by inhibiting active HMGB1 release.
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8
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Aoki N, Deshimaru M, Kihara K, Terada S. Snake fetuin: Isolation and structural analysis of new fetuin family proteins from the sera of venomous snakes. Toxicon 2009; 54:481-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Coen G, Ballanti P, Silvestrini G, Mantella D, Manni M, Di Giulio S, Pisanò S, Leopizzi M, Di Lullo G, Bonucci E. Immunohistochemical localization and mRNA expression of matrix Gla protein and fetuin-A in bone biopsies of hemodialysis patients. Virchows Arch 2009; 454:263-71. [PMID: 19151998 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-008-0724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 12/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Matrix Gla protein (MGP) and fetuin-A are inhibitors of arterial calcifications. In blood of rats, calcium-phosphate-fetuin-MGP complexes, produced in bone, have been identified. Indeed, an association between bone resorption, release of such complexes, and arterial calcifications has been reported. We have investigated the synthesis and localization of fetuin-A and MGP in bone of hemodialysis patients and the possible contribution of bone cells in arterial calcifications. Bone biopsies from 11 hemodialysis patients were used for histology, in situ hybridization of fetuin-A and MGP messenger RNA (mRNA), immunohistochemistry of fetuin-A, and total, carboxylated, and non-carboxylated MGP proteins. Patients showed various types of renal osteodystrophy, or normal bone. MGP was synthesized and expressed (total and carboxylated) by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and most osteoclasts, while fetuin-A by osteoblasts and osteocytes. Fetuin-A and carboxylated MGP proteins were positive in the calcified matrix, while total MGP was negative. Osteoid seams were negative to fetuin-A, lightly positive to carboxylated MGP, and occasionally positive to total MGP. Undercarboxylated MGP was mostly undetectable. In adult humans, fetuin-A is produced also by osteoblasts, and not only by hepatocytes, as previously believed. MGP, essentially carboxylated, is synthesized by osteoblasts and most osteoclasts. Increased bone turnover can be an important contributor to arterial calcifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Coen
- Nephrology and Hypertension Unit, Ospedale Israelitico, Via Dandolo 75, 00153, Rome, Italy.
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10
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George A, Veis A. Phosphorylated proteins and control over apatite nucleation, crystal growth, and inhibition. Chem Rev 2008; 108:4670-93. [PMID: 18831570 PMCID: PMC2748976 DOI: 10.1021/cr0782729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne George
- Department of Oral Biology, Brodie Tooth Development Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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11
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Hedman E, Widén C, Asadi A, Dinnetz I, Schröder WP, Gustafsson JA, Wikström AC. Proteomic identification of glucocorticoid receptor interacting proteins. Proteomics 2006; 6:3114-26. [PMID: 16619302 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) acts as a ligand dependent transcription factor but can also cross talk with other signaling pathways via protein-protein interactions. In this paper we describe methods to study novel cytosolic GR interacting proteins, using mAb based immunoaffinity chromatography of GR from rat liver cytosol. Co-purifying proteins were identified by 2-DE in combination with MALDI-TOF-MS. Non-liganded/non-activated and in vitro liganded/activated GR, respectively, co-purifies with specific sets of proteins. Of these 34 were conclusively identified, seven have previously been reported to be part of the GR-complex, revealing 27 new possible interacting candidates for the GR-complex. Of the novel GR interacting proteins the major vault protein, TATA binding interacting protein 49a and glycoprotein PP63 were of special interest. Furthermore, using 2-D DIGE we show that the set of proteins interacting with non-liganded GR is distinctly different in protein amount compared to the proteins found with liganded/activated GR. This suggests the presence of different GR complexes in the cell, which was further substantiated by the finding of several separate GR native protein complexes, "GR-receptosomes", using blue native gel electrophoresis. Our findings suggest the existence of several new mechanisms for GR signaling and regulation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatography, Affinity
- Cytosol/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Immunoblotting
- Ligands
- Liver/metabolism
- Protein Interaction Mapping
- Proteome/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/agonists
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Hedman
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Division of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bennett CS, Khorram Khorshid HR, Kitchen JA, Arteta D, Dalgleish R. Characterization of the human secreted phosphoprotein 24 gene (SPP2) and comparison of the protein sequence in nine species. Matrix Biol 2005; 22:641-51. [PMID: 15062857 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2003.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2003] [Revised: 11/11/2003] [Accepted: 12/03/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Secreted phosphoprotein 24 (spp24) is a member of the cystatin superfamily, which was first identified in cattle as a minor component of cortical bone and subsequently has been identified as a component of the fetuin-mineral complex. We have localized the human SPP2 gene, which encodes spp24 to chromosome 2q37.1, determined its structure and mapped the start of transcription in liver. There is no CAAT or TATA box in the promoter region but potential transcription factor (TF)-binding sites have been identified. The gene comprises eight exons spread over a region of approximately 27 kb with the cystatin-like region of spp24 encoded by four exons, rather than the three-exon structure typical of the genes encoding the archetypal cystatins. A rare single amino acid polymorphism (p.S38F) has been identified within the mature protein and its significance has been assessed by comparing the sequence of human spp24 with that of eight other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare S Bennett
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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Price PA, Nguyen TMT, Williamson MK. Biochemical characterization of the serum fetuin-mineral complex. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:22153-60. [PMID: 12676928 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m300739200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to characterize the fetuin-mineral complex (FMC), a high molecular mass complex of calcium phosphate mineral and the proteins fetuin and matrix Gla protein (MGP) that was initially discovered in serum of rats treated with etidronate and appears to play a critical role in inhibiting calcification in vivo. Fetuin purified from the FMC contains 3.3 mol of protein-bound phosphate. There is 1.3 mg of FMC/ml of serum 6 h after etidronate injection, and the FMC is 46% fetuin and 53% mineral by mass. Formation of the FMC in the first 6 h after etidronate injection does not increase serum fetuin despite the fact that 50% of serum fetuin is associated with the FMC, and clearance of the FMC in the 9-24-h interval lowers total serum fetuin by 50%. These observations suggest that the fetuin component of the FMC is derived from fetuin initially in serum and that clearance of the FMC removes the associated fetuin from circulation. One additional protein was consistently present in all preparations of the FMC, spp24 (secreted phosphoprotein 24). This 24-kDa protein is similar in domain structure to fetuin and, like fetuin and MGP, contains several residues of phosphoserine and accumulates in bone. Exogenous spp24 associated strongly with the FMC when added to serum containing it. These observations suggest that spp24 may, like fetuin and MGP, play a role in inhibiting calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Price
- Division of Biology 0368, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0368, USA.
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Price PA, Thomas GR, Pardini AW, Figueira WF, Caputo JM, Williamson MK. Discovery of a high molecular weight complex of calcium, phosphate, fetuin, and matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein in the serum of etidronate-treated rats. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:3926-34. [PMID: 11724771 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m106366200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we report the discovery of a novel protein-mineral complex in the serum of rats treated with doses of the bone-active bisphosphonate etidronate that inhibit normal bone mineralization. The composition of this high molecular mass protein-mineral complex consists of about 18% mineral, 80% fetuin, and 2% matrix Gla protein (MGP) by weight, and the presence of the complex in serum after an injection of 8 mg etidronate/100 g of body weight elevates calcium by 1.8-fold (to 4.3 mm), phosphate by 1.6-fold (to 5.6 mm), and MGP by 25-fold (to 12 microg/ml). The serum mineral complex reaches maximal levels at 6 h after subcutaneous injection of etidronate and is subsequently cleared from serum by 24 h. This highly specific complex of fetuin, MGP, and mineral prevents the growth, aggregation, and precipitation of the mineral component, which indicates that the previously reported calcification inhibitory activities of fetuin and MGP may be related to their ability to form stable complexes with nascent mineral nuclei. Treatment with the vitamin K-antagonist warfarin prevents the increase in serum MGP after etidronate injection, which shows that the increase in serum MGP is due to new synthesis and that the gamma-carboxylation of MGP is necessary for its binding to the serum mineral complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Price
- Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0368, USA
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15
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Dziegielewska KM, Daikuhara Y, Ohnishi T, Waite MP, Ek J, Habgood MD, Lane MA, Potter A, Saunders NR. Fetuin in the developing neocortex of the rat: distribution and origin. J Comp Neurol 2000; 423:373-88. [PMID: 10870079 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9861(20000731)423:3<373::aid-cne2>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Immunocytochemical distribution of the fetal protein fetuin in the neocortex of developing rat brain and the presence of its mRNA, as detected by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, was studied in fetuses at embryonic day 15 (E15) through E22, in neonates at postnatal day 0 (P0) through P20, and in adults. Quantitative estimates of fetuin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were obtained over the same period. Exogenous (bovine) fetuin injected intraperitoneally into fetal and postnatal rats was used to study the uptake of fetuin into CSF and brain and its distribution compared with endogenous fetuin; bovine albumin was used as a control. Fetuin was identified immunocytochemically in the cortical plate and subplate cells of the developing neocortex. In the rat fetus, fetuin first was apparent at E17, mainly in cell processes, but a few subplate cells also were positive. By E18, there was strong staining in subplate neurons and in inner cells of the cortical plate. At E21, these inner cells of the cortical plate were beginning to differentiate into layer VI neurons, many of which were positive for fetuin. By P0-P1, more layer VI neurons and some layer V neurons had become positive for fetuin. Fetuin immunoreactivity generally was weaker at P1, and, by P2-P3, it had disappeared from all of the layers of the developing neocortex. Bovine fetuin (but not albumin), probably taken up through CSF over the neocortical dorsal surface, had a cytoplasmic distribution; endogenous rat fetuin was both cytoplasmic and membrane bound. Thus, much of this fetuin can be accounted for by uptake, although the presence of fetuin mRNA indicates that in situ synthesis may also contribute.
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Yoshida K, Suzuki Y, Yamamoto K, Sinohara H. cDNA sequencing of guinea pig alpha 2-HS glycoprotein, its expression in various tissues and acute phase expression. Biol Chem 1999; 380:95-9. [PMID: 10064143 DOI: 10.1515/bc.1999.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
cDNA encoding alpha 2-HS glycoprotein was amplified from guinea pig liver mRNA by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends, cloned and sequenced. By RT-PCR and nested PCR, alpha 2-HS glycoprotein mRNA was detected not only in liver tissue but also in pancreas, stomach, small intestine, colon, spleen, kidney, testis, skeletal muscle, brain, heart and leukocytes, but not in the lung. The alpha 2-HS glycoprotein mRNA levels in the liver were reduced to half at 48 h after subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Ohnishi T, Nakamura O, Arakaki N, Daikuhara Y. Effect of phosphorylated rat fetuin on the growth of hepatocytes in primary culture in the presence of human hepatocyte-growth factor. Evidence that phosphorylated fetuin is a natural modulator of hepatocyte-growth factor. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1997; 243:753-61. [PMID: 9057842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Rat fetuin, a counterpart of human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein and bovine fetuin, that is synthesized and secreted by hepatocytes is mostly phosphorylated, though rat fetuin isolated from bone matrix does not contain phosphorus. A rat 63-kDa phosphorylated N-glycoprotein (pp63) is the phosphorylated form of rat fetuin and pp63 has been shown to inhibit insulin-receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Therefore, we examined the effect of phosphorylated rat fetuin (phosphofetuin) on DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes in culture in the presence of human hepatocyte-growth factor (HGF), since the human receptor of HGF, c-Met, is known to contain a tyrosine-kinase domain in its intracellular domain. We found that phosphofetuin from conditioned medium of rat-hepatocyte cultures dose-dependently decreased HGF-stimulated DNA synthesis in hepatocytes, whereas addition of non-phosphorylated rat fetuin had no effect. Addition of anti-(rat fetuin) Ig to the culture medium increased HGF-stimulated DNA synthesis by hepatocytes. Immunoprecipitation and cross-linking experiments showed that phosphofetuin bound to human HGF. We found that phosphofetuin interfered with binding of HGF to its specific receptor(s). These observations suggest that phosphofetuin synthesized by hepatocytes may be a natural modulator of HGF as a chalone, and that regulation of expression of phosphofetuin by growth factors and cytokines may be involved in liver regeneration under inflammatory conditions, such as in hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohnishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagoshima University Dental School, Sakuragaoka, Japan
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Brown WM, Dziegielewska KM. Friends and relations of the cystatin superfamily--new members and their evolution. Protein Sci 1997; 6:5-12. [PMID: 9007972 PMCID: PMC2143511 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560060102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The cystatin "superfamily" encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. In recent years, several new members of the superfamily have characterized, including proteins from insects and plants. Based on partial amino acid homology, new members, such as the invariant chain (Ii), and the transforming growth factor-beta receptor type II (TGF-beta receptor II) may, in fact, represent members of an emerging family within the superfamily that may have used some common building blocks to form functionally diverse proteins. Cystatin super-family members have been found throughout evolution and members of each family of the superfamily are present in mammals today. In this review, the new and older, established members of the family are arranged into a possible evolutionary order, based on sequence homology and functional similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Nawratil P, Lenzen S, Kellermann J, Haupt H, Schinke T, Müller-Esterl W, Jahnen-Dechent W. Limited proteolysis of human alpha2-HS glycoprotein/fetuin. Evidence that a chymotryptic activity can release the connecting peptide. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:31735-41. [PMID: 8940198 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.49.31735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
alpha2-HS glycoprotein is a major protein of human plasma whose function is still obscure. A proteolytically processed form of alpha2-HS glycoprotein lacking a segment of 40 amino acid residues bridging its heavy and light chain portions ("connecting peptide") has been described suggesting that this peptide is released by post-translational processing to fulfill biological role(s) of alpha2-HS glycoprotein. To test this hypothesis we investigated how the connecting peptide is released from the parental molecule by limited proteolysis. We developed monoclonal antibodies to various portions of the connecting peptide and its NH2-terminal flanking region which cross-react with the native alpha2-HS glycoprotein. Purified alpha2-HS glycoprotein from human plasma was subjected to limited proteolysis by proteinases including trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase plasmin, kallikrein, thrombin, and renin. Immunoprint analysis of the proteolytic digests indicated that alpha2-HS glycoprotein is readily cleaved in its connecting peptide region. NH2-terminal amino sequence analysis of the generated fragments demonstrated that a single proteinase, chymotrypsin, cleaves the critical Leu-Leu bond flanking the NH2-terminal portion of the connecting peptide region. Most but not all of the other proteinase cleavage sites map to a short stretch of 9 residues located in the center portion of the connecting peptide region. Immunoprint analysis of plasma samples from patients with sepsis demonstrate that the connecting peptide region is cleaved under pathological conditions. Our results indicate that the connecting peptide and/or fragments thereof are readily releasable from alpha2-HS glycoprotein in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nawratil
- Department for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, The University of Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 20, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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Schinke T, Amendt C, Trindl A, Pöschke O, Müller-Esterl W, Jahnen-Dechent W. The serum protein alpha2-HS glycoprotein/fetuin inhibits apatite formation in vitro and in mineralizing calvaria cells. A possible role in mineralization and calcium homeostasis. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:20789-96. [PMID: 8702833 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.34.20789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present data suggesting a function of alpha2-HS glycoproteins/fetuins in serum and in mineralization, namely interference with calcium salt precipitation. Fetuins occur in high serum concentration during fetal life. They accumulate in bones and teeth as a major fraction of noncollagenous bone proteins. The expression pattern in fetal mice confirms that fetuin is predominantly made in the liver and is accumulated in the mineralized matrix of bones. We arrived at a hypothesis on the molecular basis of fetuin function in bones using primary rat calvaria osteoblast cultures and salt precipitation assays. Our results indicate that fetuins inhibit apatite formation both in cell culture and in the test tube. This inhibitory effect is mediated by acidic amino acids clustering in cystatin-like domain D1. Fetuins account for roughly half of the capacity of serum to inhibit salt precipitation. We propose that fetuins inhibit phase separation in serum and modulate apatite formation during mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schinke
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, Federal Republic of Germany
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Hu B, Coulson L, Moyer B, Price PA. Isolation and molecular cloning of a novel bone phosphoprotein related in sequence to the cystatin family of thiol protease inhibitors. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:431-6. [PMID: 7814406 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.1.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe here the isolation of a novel non-collagenous protein from the acid demineralization extract of bovine cortical bone. This 24-kDa protein is multiply phosphorylated at serine residues in Ser-X-Glu/Ser(P) sequences, a recognition motif for phosphorylation by the secretory pathway protein kinase, and we have termed this protein secreted phosphoprotein 24 (spp24). The cDNA structure of spp24 was determined by sequencing cDNA fragments obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends, and screening a lambda gt11 cDNA library. This cDNA sequence predicts a 200-residue initial translation product which consists of a 20-residue signal sequence and the 180-residue mature spp24. Northern blot analysis using the spp24 cDNA showed that spp24 mRNA is in liver and bone but not in heart, lung, kidney, or spleen. A search of existing protein sequences revealed that the N-terminal 107 residues of mature spp24 are related in sequence to the cystatin family of thiol protease inhibitors, which suggests that spp24 could function to modulate the thiol protease activities that are known to be involved in bone turnover. Several of the proteins in the cystatin family that are most closely related to spp24 are not only thiol protease inhibitors but are also precursors to peptides with potent biological activity, peptides such as bradykinin and the neutrophil antibiotic peptides. It is therefore possible that the intact form of spp24 found in bone could also be a precursor to a biologically active peptide, a peptide which could coordinate an aspect of bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hu
- Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0322
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Suzuki M, Shimokawa H, Takagi Y, Sasaki S. Calcium-binding properties of fetuin in fetal bovine serum. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1994; 270:501-7. [PMID: 7528258 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402700603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fetuin, an abundant protein in fetal bovine plasma, is the bovine homolog of human alpha 2HS glycoprotein (alpha 2HS). In spite of numerous studies, the biological functions of both proteins remain elusive. We now report the remarkable 45Ca-binding activity of fetuin in fetal bovine serum that has been blotted on a membrane after electrophoresis. The Ca-binding ability of the purified protein was analyzed by equilibrium dialysis, which revealed that bovine fetuin had multiple Ca-binding sites, one of which had a Kd of 0.95 x 10(-4) M. It was also shown that the Ca-binding activity of fetuin was greater than that of albumin in serum of the bovine fetus at the late gestational stage. Since fetal bovine serum contains not only a high concentration of fetuin but also a high concentration of Ca, it is possible that fetuin functions to maintain high levels of Ca in fetal serum via normalization of the concentration of Ca2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Niida S, Amizuka N, Hara F, Ozawa H, Kodama H. Expression of Mac-2 antigen in the preosteoclast and osteoclast identified in the op/op mouse injected with macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Bone Miner Res 1994; 9:873-81. [PMID: 8079662 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650090613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclast deficiency in op/op mice is cured by a single injection of 5 micrograms recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhM-CSF). In this study, we found that mouse osteoclasts are positive for Mac-2 antigen, but not for F4/80, MOMA-2, Mac-1, or BM8 antigen. By using F4/80 and MOMA-2 monoclonal antibodies, we confirmed the absence of mature macrophages in the femora of op/op mice and found that multiple injections of rhM-CSF are required for the recruitment of macrophages in the bones. After a single rhM-CSF injection, we found Mac-2 positive mononuclear cells in the femora of op/op mice. The time course of the appearance of Mac-2-positive cells was very similar to that of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells. In bone sections prepared from the mutant mice that received rhM-CSF 3 days earlier, 91% of the TRAP-positive mononuclear cells were also positive for Mac-2 antigen. These results demonstrate the expression of Mac-2 antigen in preosteoclasts. The antigen was detected on the plasma membrane of preosteoclasts, as well as in their cytoplasm and nucleus, and in the extracellular matrix in the space between the cells and bone. Since Mac-2 is a galactose-specific lectin, a potential role of the lectin in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion during osteoclast differentiation is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Niida
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Hiroshima University School of Dentistry, Japan
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