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Binsker U, Kohler TP, Hammerschmidt S. Contribution of Human Thrombospondin-1 to the Pathogenesis of Gram-Positive Bacteria. J Innate Immun 2019; 11:303-315. [PMID: 30814475 PMCID: PMC6738282 DOI: 10.1159/000496033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful colonization of different compartments of the human host requires multifactorial contacts between bacterial surface proteins and host factors. Extracellular matrix proteins and matricellular proteins such as thrombospondin-1 play a pivotal role as adhesive substrates to ensure a strong interaction with pathobionts like the Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The human glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 is a component of the extracellular matrix and is highly abundant in the bloodstream during bacteremia. Human platelets secrete thrombospondin-1, which is then acquired by invading pathogens to facilitate colonization and immune evasion. Gram-positive bacteria express a broad spectrum of surface-exposed proteins, some of which also recognize thrombospondin-1. This review highlights the importance of thrombospondin-1 as an adhesion substrate to facilitate colonization, and we summarize the variety of thrombospondin-1-binding proteins of S. pneumoniae and S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Binsker
- Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Langone Health, Alexandria Center for the Life Sciences, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Thomas P Kohler
- Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany,
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Resovi A, Pinessi D, Chiorino G, Taraboletti G. Current understanding of the thrombospondin-1 interactome. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:83-91. [PMID: 24476925 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The multifaceted action of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) depends on its ability to physically interact with different ligands, including structural components of the extracellular matrix, other matricellular proteins, cell receptors, growth factors, cytokines and proteases. Through this network, TSP-1 regulates the ligand activity, availability and structure, ultimately tuning the cell response to environmental stimuli in a context-dependent manner, contributing to physiological and pathological processes. Complete mapping of the TSP-1 interactome is needed to understand its diverse functions and to lay the basis for the rational design of TSP-1-based therapeutic approaches. So far, large-scale approaches to identify TSP-1 ligands have been rarely used, but many interactions have been identified in small-scale studies in defined biological systems. This review, based on information from protein interaction databases and the literature, illustrates current knowledge of the TSP-1 interactome map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Resovi
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Denise Pinessi
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Fondo Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta, Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Giulia Taraboletti
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
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Tuszynski GP, Rothman VL. Angiocidin induces differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 95:249-54. [PMID: 24036285 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant proliferative disorder in which leukemic cells fail to terminally differentiate and accumulate in the blood and bone marrow. Standard AML therapy requires intensive chemotherapy with a low rate of durable remission and is associated with significant treatment-related toxicity, especially in elderly patients. Therefore, new therapeutic options for the treatment of AML are urgently needed. We previously reported that the novel angiogenic inhibitor, angiocidin, induces differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. Here we investigate the effects of angiocidin on AML cells lines and primary AML cells. Differentiation was assessed by flow cytometry measuring the increase in expression of cell surface marker characteristic of normal macrophages. Four AML cell lines (THP-1, Mono-mac-1, HL-60 and MV4-11) and 5 of 10 primary human AML samples showed evidence of differentiation when cultured in vitro for 24 h with 10 μg/mL angiocidin. Additionally, we found that angiocidin promoted secretion of a number of cytokines from the cell lines as well as patient cells. We next evaluated the effect of angiocidin on a xenotransplanted primary human AML sample engrafted in NSG mice. We found angiocidin monotherapy reduced the human AML burden in bone marrow by 63% relative to untreated control. Interestingly, angiocidin+cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) combination therapy reduced human AML in bone marrow by 79%. We believe the combination of in vitro data supporting the capacity of angiocidin to drive differentiation in multiple AML cell lines and primary human AML samples and its activity in a xenotransplantation model that reproduces the human disease is significant. These observations support the continued evaluation and development of angiocidin as a potential novel, non-toxic therapy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Tuszynski
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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Guan XG, Guan XQ, Feng K, Jian R, Tian D, Tian D, Tong HB, Sun X. Reduction of angiocidin contributes to decreased HepG2 cell proliferation. Afr Health Sci 2013; 13:560-4. [PMID: 24250289 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiocidin plays a key role in angiogenesis and tumor progression. High angiocidin expression is detected in some kind of solid tumors and tumor vascular endothelial cells. Several reports have shown the inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth caused by angiocidin. However, the role of angiocidin in liver cancers growth is still unclear. OBJECTIVES To examine angiocidin expression in SMMC-7221 and HepG2 cells and the role of angiocidin in liver cancer cell growth. METHODS RT-PCR and western blot are used in this study to detect angiocidin expression. SiRNA and MTT experiments are used in exploring the role of angiocidin in tumor cell growth. RESULTS Our study showed high angiocidin expression in two kinds of liver cancer cells. Angiocidin protein production in HepG2 cells were reduced significantly by siRNA. When HepG2 cells were transfected with siRNA-angiocidin, these cells showed very low proliferation activity compared with control cells. Our study suggests that reduction of angiocidin may contribute to decreased proliferation activity in liver cancer cells. CONCLUSION Angiocidin is highly expressed in liver cancer cells, and it may play a key role in tumor growth of liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- X G Guan
- Life Science Research Center, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin Province, China
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5
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Abstract
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) quite common in the United States and other Western countries. Patients suffering IBD are at greater risk of developing colorectal adenocarcinoma than the general population. Both, the adenomacarcinoma and the inflammation-carcinogenesis processes are characterized by active angiogenesis. Recent studies also have shown that anti-angiogenesis might be a novel therapeutic approach for IBD. Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is an extracellular protein well known for its anti-angiogenic properties. TSP1 also has key functions in inflammation, which is assumed to be the primary cause for carcinogenesis in IBD. This review is focused on the role of TSP1 in colorectal carcinogenesis. The therapeutic effects of TSP derived-peptides on inhibiting the inflammation-carcinogenesis progression are also discussed.
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Integrin-mediated cell-matrix interaction in physiological and pathological blood vessel formation. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2011; 2012:125278. [PMID: 21941547 PMCID: PMC3175391 DOI: 10.1155/2012/125278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Physiological as well as pathological blood vessel formation are fundamentally dependent on cell-matrix interaction. Integrins, a family of major cell adhesion receptors, play a pivotal role in development, maintenance, and remodeling of the vasculature. Cell migration, invasion, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are integrin-regulated processes, and the expression of certain integrins also correlates with tumor progression. Recent advances in the understanding of how integrins are involved in the regulation of blood vessel formation and remodeling during tumor progression are highlighted. The increasing knowledge of integrin function at the molecular level, together with the growing repertoire of integrin inhibitors which allow their selective pharmacological manipulation, makes integrins suited as potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Godek J, Sargiannidou I, Patel S, Hurd L, Rothman VL, Tuszynski GP. Angiocidin inhibits breast cancer proliferation through activation of epidermal growth factor receptor and nuclear factor kappa (NF-ĸB). Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 90:244-51. [PMID: 21241690 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Angiocidin, a tumor-associated peptide, has been previously shown to inhibit tumor progression by blocking angiogenesis. We now show that angiocidin has a direct inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were inhibited from proliferating in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and angiocidin. Angiocidin transfected breast cancer cells also displayed growth inhibition in vitro and failed to develop significant tumors in mice as compared to vector controls. The anti-proliferative effect of angiocidin was reversed by treating the cells with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor 4557W, a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Consistent with these results, we found that treatment of breast cancer cells with angiocidin induced a 2.3 fold increase in EGFR tyrosine 845 phosphorylation while no change in phosphorylation was observed in the remaining 16 phosphorylation sites of EGFR and those of its family members as measured by a human EGFR phosphorylation array. Treatment of breast cancer cells with angiocidin also resulted in the activation of nuclear factor ĸB (Nf-ĸB) and the de novo up-regulation of many down-stream genes transcribed by Nf-ĸB, including cytokines, inflammatory mediators and the cell cycle inhibitor p21(waf1). Therefore, angiocidin is a peptide that not only inhibits tumor angiogenesis but also directly induces inhibition of tumor growth progression through the activation of EGFR and down-stream genes transcribed by Nf-ĸB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Godek
- Temple University School of Medicine, Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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8
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Thrombospondin-1 as a Paradigm for the Development of Antiangiogenic Agents Endowed with Multiple Mechanisms of Action. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:1241-1278. [PMID: 27713299 PMCID: PMC4034032 DOI: 10.3390/ph3041241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled neovascularization occurs in several angiogenesis-dependent diseases, including cancer. Neovascularization is tightly controlled by the balance between angiogenic growth factors and antiangiogenic agents. The various natural angiogenesis inhibitors identified so far affect neovascularization by different mechanisms of action. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a matricellular modular glycoprotein that acts as a powerful endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis. It acts both indirectly, by sequestering angiogenic growth factors and effectors in the extracellular environment, and directly, by inducing an antiangiogenic program in endothelial cells following engagement of specific receptors including CD36, CD47, integrins and proteoglycans (all involved in angiogenesis ). In view of its central, multifaceted role in angiogenesis, TSP-1 has served as a source of antiangiogenic tools, including TSP-1 fragments, synthetic peptides and peptidomimetics, gene therapy strategies, and agents that up-regulate TSP-1 expression. This review discusses TSP-1-based inhibitors of angiogenesis, their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential, drawing our experience with angiogenic growth factor-interacting TSP-1 peptides, and the possibility of exploiting them to design novel antiangiogenic agents.
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9
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The interaction of angiocidin with tissue transglutaminase. Exp Mol Pathol 2009; 88:15-25. [PMID: 19931242 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiocidin, a matrix bound and tumor associated protein, has been shown to inhibit tumor progression and angiogenesis. We previously demonstrated that angiocidin binds to thrombospondin-1 and alpha2beta1 integrin. We now show that angiocidin binds and is a preferred substrate for tissue transglutaminase-2 (tTgase). Angiocidin bound tTgase saturably with a Kd of 26 nM, while an angiocidin deletion mutant missing the matrix binding domain of angiocidin failed to bind tTgase. tTgase colocalized with angiocidin on endothelial cells. tTgase bound anti-angiocidin immunoprecipitates of endothelial cell lysates. Breast cancer cells expressing high levels of tTgase attached to angiocidin immobilized on tissue culture plates. Angiocidin was a preferred substrate for tTgase forming high molecular weight cross-linked multimers when treated with tTgase. Cross-linked angiocidin contained iso-peptide bonds as demonstrated by Western blotting and immunohistochemical colocalization studies using endothelial cells treated with angiocidin. Cross-linked angiocidin inhibited cell migration in contrast to monomeric angiocidin and inhibited localization of fibronectin (FN), a pro-tumorigenic matrix protein, into the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tumor and HUVE cells. Our studies provide an additional explanation for the anti-tumor activity of angiocidin suggesting that cross-linked angiocidin disrupts the tumor ECM making it less permissive for tumor growth.
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Liebig C, Wilks JA, Feig BW, Wang TN, Wilson M, Herdman AV, Albo D. The role of angiocidin in sarcomas. Cancer 2009; 115:5251-62. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gaurnier-Hausser A, Rothman VL, Dimitrov S, Tuszynski GP. The novel angiogenic inhibitor, angiocidin, induces differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. Cancer Res 2008; 68:5905-14. [PMID: 18632645 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that angiocidin, a tumor and vascular associated protein, is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Angiocidin is a multidomain protein that exerts its antiangiogenic activity through multiple mechanisms, including effects on cell matrix interaction. Here, we describe another activity of angiocidin that may contribute to its antitumor activity. We show that angiocidin activates monocytes to secrete a mixture of proinflammatory cytokines and induces them to differentiate into macrophage-like cells. Using the monocytic cell line THP-1, we show that angiocidin induces the cells to become adherent and phagocytic, express macrophage markers, and secrete matrix metalloproteinase-9. Microarray analysis of control and angiocidin-treated THP-1 cells revealed that angiocidin up-regulated p105/p50, p100/p52, and rel B, components of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway. We confirmed the microarray data and showed that angiocidin induced phosphorylation of I kappa beta, p50, and p65 and translocation of p50 and p65 to the nucleus. We also showed that angiocidin activated up-stream mediators of NF-kappaB, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K). Blockage of NF-kappaB and MAPK activation with small molecule inhibitors completely prevented angiocidin-mediated secretion of cytokines from THP-1 cells, but did not inhibit their adhesive phenotype. Blocking PI3K inhibited both secretion of cytokines, as well as the adhesive phenotype. These data suggest that angiocidin activates monocytes to secrete cytokines and differentiates them to a macrophage-like phenotype through at least two pathways mediated by MAPK and NF-kappaB, as well as PI3K.
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Kremlev SG, Gaurnier-Hausser AL, Del Valle L, Perez-Liz G, Dimitrov S, Tuszynski G. Angiocidin promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine production and antigen presentation in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 194:132-42. [PMID: 18207252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiocidin was originally identified as a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. In addition to its involvement in the regulation of carcinogenesis, recent studies indicate that angiocidin may also play a significant role in immune system modulation. This report describes the expression and potential function of angiocidin in multiple sclerosis (MS), a severe demyelinating, inflammatory and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). We demonstrated that angiocidin and interleukin-7 (IL-7) are over-expressed in brain lesions of MS patients. Angiocidin-treated monocytes, peripheral blood T cells and primary astrocytes secreted various cytokines and chemokines including, IL-6, IL-7, GM-CSF, and MCP-1. Addition of recombinant angiocidin to cell cultures was able to promote differentiation of monocytes into a macrophage-like cell, induce MHC class I and class II gene expression and activate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Consistent with these findings, angiocidin induced mononuclear phagocyte migration and adhesion as well as increased the IL-2 response by antigen-specific T cells to myelin basic protein peptide presented to them by autologous mononuclear phagocytes. Furthermore, we examined STAT3 expression in angiocidin stimulated mononuclear phagocytes, T cells, and primary astrocytes. We found that angiocidin markedly stimulates STAT3 expression in these cell populations. Angiocidin, therefore appears to play a previously unappreciated and potentially important role in the regulation of immune response during the clinical course of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey G Kremlev
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States.
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Elangovan M, Choi ES, Jang BG, Kim MS, Yoo YJ. The ubiquitin-interacting motif of 26S proteasome subunit S5a induces A549 lung cancer cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 364:226-30. [PMID: 17949686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.09.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The subunit S5a is a key component for the recruitment of ubiquitinated substrates to the 26S proteasome. When the full-length S5a, the N-terminal half of S5a (S5aN) containing the von Willebrand A (vWA) domain, and the C-terminal half of S5a (S5aC) containing two ubiquitin(Ub)-interacting motifs (UIMs) were ectopically expressed in HEK293 cells, Ub-conjugates accumulated most prominently in S5aC-expressing cells. In addition, S5aC induced A549 lung cancer cell death but not non-cancer BEAS-2B cell death. Similar effects were observed using only S5a-UIMs. Our data therefore suggest that S5a-UIMs can be used as upstream inhibitors of the proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumar Elangovan
- Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong-dong Buk-ku, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Liebig C, Agarwal N, Ayala GE, Verstovsek G, Tuszynski GP, Albo D. Angiocidin inhibitory peptides decrease tumor burden in a murine colon cancer model. J Surg Res 2007; 142:320-6. [PMID: 17719063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have recently developed two inhibitory peptides that target angiocidin, a key mediator of tumor progression and angiogenesis. In this study, we investigate the expression of angiocidin in human colon cancer specimens and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of our angiocidin inhibitory peptides. METHODS We created a colon cancer tissue array containing primary tumor, normal colon, negative and positive lymph nodes, and liver metastases (when available) from 159 consecutive colon cancer specimens. Angiocidin expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. The efficacy of 6-mer and 25-mer angiocidin inhibitory peptides was determined in a murine model of human colon cancer. Treatment efficacy was based on primary tumor volume and measures of tumor burden, including internal disease score and health score. Western blots were used to determine angiocidin expression in xenografts. RESULTS Eighty-nine percent of primary tumors and 91% of positive lymph nodes expressed angiocidin. Normal colon was negative in 94% of specimens, and normal lymph nodes were negative or weakly positive in 79% of specimens. All liver metastases were positive for angiocidin. Animals in both peptide treatment groups showed improvement in health score and internal disease score compared with control animals (P = 0.001). Treatment with 6-mer and 25-mer peptide resulted in 3-fold and 16-fold reductions, respectively, in primary tumor volume (P = 0.001). Angiocidin expression in primary tumors of peptide-treated mice correlated with tumor burden (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Angiocidin is overexpressed in human colon cancer specimens. Angiocidin-inhibitory peptides are well tolerated in vivo and effectively reduce primary tumor volume and tumor burden in human colon cancer xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Liebig
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Sabherwal Y, Rothman VL, Poon RTP, Tuszynski GP. Clinical significance of serum angiocidin levels in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2007; 251:28-35. [PMID: 17188426 PMCID: PMC1955767 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Angiocidin, a tumor-secreted protein, was measured in serum of 27 healthy volunteers and 33 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Healthy controls either hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive or negative showed undetectable levels. Patients had levels of angiocidin ranging from 15.09 to 195.73 pg/ml. Patients with stages III-IV had higher levels of angiocidin (97+/-13 pg/ml, n=17) compared to those with stages I-II (63+/-37 pg/ml, n=16), p<0.043. Patients with microsatellite tumor nodules had higher average levels (98+/-55 pg/ml, n=17) compared to those without microsatellite nodules (51+/-27 pg/ml, n=20), p<0.032. Our studies suggest that angiocidin predicts advanced stage and intra-hepatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Sabherwal
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in American men and the single most diagnosed cancer in men. Despite advances in early detection and conventional treatment strategies, prostate cancer progresses and becomes resistant to treatment. Because tumor growth and establishment of metastases are dependent on angiogenesis, interest in the development of anti-angiogenesis therapies has grown. Preclinical studies and early clinical evaluation show promise in the adjunctive use of anti-angiogenesis to overcome the limitations of current therapeutic approaches. In this review, we outline the basic science principles of angiogenesis and their application in the development of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Jiménez
- Urology Research Laboratory, Departments of Urology, Microbiology and Immunology, Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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17
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Sharma MR, Rothman V, Tuszynski GP, Sharma MC. Antibody-directed targeting of angiostatin's receptor annexin II inhibits Lewis Lung Carcinoma tumor growth via blocking of plasminogen activation: Possible biochemical mechanism of angiostatin's action. Exp Mol Pathol 2006; 81:136-45. [PMID: 16643891 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Angiostatin, the N-terminal four kringles (K1-4) of parent molecule plasminogen, is reported to block Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) tumor growth and metastasis. However, angiostatin's mechanism of action is unclear. We earlier reported that angiostatin binds to cell surface annexin II through the lysine-binding domain (kringles 1-4) [Tuszynski, G.P., Sharma, M., Rothman, V.L., Sharma, M.C., 2002. Angiostatin binds to tyrosine kinase substrate annexin II through the lysine-binding domain in endothelial cells. Microvasc. Res. 64:448-462.]). We now show that annexin II on the cell surface of LLC cells regulates conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Activation of plasminogen to plasmin is time-dependent, with the linear activation lasting up to 120 min. Monoclonal antibodies to annexin II reduced plasminogen activation by 92.6%, suggesting a specific role of annexin II in plasmin generation. Angiostatin also reduced plasmin generation by 81.6%, suggesting that angiostatin may be competing with plasminogen through lysine-binding domain. epsilon-Aminocaproic acid, a lysine analogue, effectively blocked plasminogen activation indicating that, indeed, the lysine-binding site of the kringles domain is required for activation. These data suggest that annexin II may be a receptor target for angiostatin's action. Therefore, we tested the effect of high affinity monoclonal antibody to annexin II in mouse model of LLC. A single dose of antibody treatment inhibited LLC tumor growth almost 70% with concomitant inhibition of circulating plasmin generation and its proteolytic activity. Taken together, it is possible that inhibition of LLC tumor growth and metastasis reported by angiostatin therapy may be due to blocking of annexin-II-dependent plasmin generation. Plasmin is known to influence angiogenic, invasive and metastatic capability of tumors.
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Yang X, Rothman VL, L'Heureux DZ, Tuszynski G. Reduction of angiocidin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via siRNA silencing inhibits angiogenesis. Exp Mol Pathol 2006; 81:108-14. [PMID: 16904104 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Angiocidin, a protein over-expressed in many different solid tumors and tumor capillary endothelial cells inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth [Zhou, J., et al., 2004. Cloning and characterization of angiocidin, a tumor cell binding protein for thrombospondin-1. J Cell Biochem. 92, 125-146]. Since several splice variants of angiocidin have distinct biochemical functions in membrane transport and protein degradation, we sought to evaluate the function of endogenously expressed angiocidin in human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells using siRNA. We observed a 90% reduction of the target mRNA levels after 24 h. Endogenous angiocidin protein expression was reduced by 80% after three days, as evaluated by Western blot analysis. We also found that anti-angiocidin siRNA down-regulated 90% of the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and 50% of its gelatinolytic activity. Reduction of endogenous angiocidin completely inhibited endothelial cord formation on Matrigel. Cells expressing low levels of angiocidin grew more slowly, were less invasive and less adhesive than control cells. Consistent with the reported function of one of the angiocidin analogues S5a, we found that the expression of polyubiquitinated proteins was higher in anti-angiocidin siRNA-treated cells as compared to normal and control siRNA-treated cells. These results suggest that endogenous angiocidin and its homologues promote endothelial cell invasion, adhesion, and angiogenesis through mechanisms involving polyubiquitin-dependent protein degradation and MMP-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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19
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Sabherwal Y, Rothman VL, Dimitrov S, L'Heureux DZ, Marcinkiewicz C, Sharma M, Tuszynski GP. Integrin α2β1 mediates the anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities of angiocidin, a novel tumor-associated protein. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:2443-53. [PMID: 16762342 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Revised: 04/16/2006] [Accepted: 04/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We recently characterized an anti-tumor protein termed angiocidin. Here, we report that angiocidin may inhibit angiogenesis by binding collagen and its receptors. Angiocidin bound purified type I collagen and alpha2beta1 with high affinity. K562 cells expressing alpha2beta1 bound and adhered to angiocidin while K562 cells which only expressed alpha5beta1 integrin showed no binding and adhesion. Binding was specific since a neutralizing antibody against alpha2beta1 inhibited binding but antibodies against alpha5beta1 had no effect. Additionally, angiocidin co-localized with alpha2beta1 on K562 alpha2beta1 transfected cells, pancreatic cancer colo 357 cells, breast cancer MB-231 cells and human umbilical endothelial vein (HUVE) cells. In an alpha2beta1-dependent collagen gel angiogenesis assay, angiocidin showed potent inhibitory activity. We identified a 20-amino-acid amino terminal peptide of angiocidin that bound both alpha2beta1 and type I collagen. This peptide promoted alpha2beta1-dependent cell adhesion and inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis. Taken together, these results are consistent with the conclusion that the anti-tumor activity of angiocidin arises from its ability to ligate collagen and alpha2beta1 on endothelial cells and tumor cells. Our results provide support for the concept that targeting matrix-cell interactions is a viable strategy for the development of anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Sabherwal
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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20
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Desai P, Jiménez JA, Kao C, Gardner TA. Future innovations in treating advanced prostate cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2006; 33:247-72, viii. [PMID: 16631463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2005.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many novel techniques for the treatment of prostate cancer are being aggressively investigated because prostate cancer is prevalent in the population and the current treatments for advanced prostate cancer are woefully inadequate. Although the current treatment options prolong life, most patients will eventually experience local recurrence or develop advanced disease. A greater understanding of the molecular events underlying cancer has enabled investigators to explore gene therapy approaches that are targeted against these molecular events. This article discusses antiangiogenic therapy, immune based therapy, and gene therapy. Any of these experimental modalities could be developed to replace hormone ablation therapy which causes unpleasant side effects, decreases the quality of life of the patient, and only temporarily controls the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Desai
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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21
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Dimitrov S, Sabherwal Y, Raymond DD, L'Heureux DZ, Lu Q, Tuszynski GP. Endothelial apoptotic activity of angiocidin is dependent on its polyubiquitin binding activity. Br J Cancer 2005; 93:662-9. [PMID: 16222312 PMCID: PMC2361611 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently cloned the full-length cDNA of a tumour-associated protein. The recombinant protein expressed in bacteria and referred to as angiocidin has potent antitumour activity in vivo and in vitro. Angiocidin inhibits tumour growth and angiogenesis by inducing apoptosis in endothelial cells. Based on the sequence similarity of angiocidin to S5a, one of the major polyubiquitin recognition proteins in eukaryotic cells, we postulated that the antiendothelial activity of angiocidin could be due in part to its polyubiquitin binding activity. In support of this hypothesis, we show that angiocidin binds polyubiquitin in vivo with high affinity and colocalises with ubiquitinated proteins on the surface of endothelial cells. Binding is blocked with an antiubiquitin antibody. Angiocidin treatment of endothelial cells transfected with a proteasome fluorescent reporter protein showed a dose-dependent inhibition of proteasome activity and accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins. Full-length angiocidin bound polyubiquitin while three angiocidin recombinant proteins whose putative polyubiquitin binding sites were mutated either failed to bind polyubiquitin or had significantly diminished binding activity. The in vitro apoptotic activity of these mutants correlated with their polyubiquitin binding activity. These data strongly argue that the apoptotic activity of angiocidin is dependent on its polyubiquitin binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dimitrov
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, 354 Biology Life Sciences Building (015-96), 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Y Sabherwal
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, 354 Biology Life Sciences Building (015-96), 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - D D Raymond
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, 354 Biology Life Sciences Building (015-96), 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - D Z L'Heureux
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, 354 Biology Life Sciences Building (015-96), 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Q Lu
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, 354 Biology Life Sciences Building (015-96), 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - G P Tuszynski
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, 354 Biology Life Sciences Building (015-96), 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, 354 Biology Life Sciences Building (015-96), 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA, E-Mail:
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22
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Ramakrishnan S, Subramanian IV, Yokoyama Y, Geller M. Angiogenesis in normal and neoplastic ovaries. Angiogenesis 2005; 8:169-82. [PMID: 16211363 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-005-9001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Revised: 05/05/2005] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian physiology is intricately connected to hormonally regulated angiogenic response. Recent advances in the post genomic revolution have significantly impacted our understanding of ovarian function. In an angiogenesis perspective, the ovary offers a unique opportunity to unravel the molecular orchestration of blood vessel development and regression under normal conditions. A majority of ovarian cancers develop from the single layer of epithelium surrounding the ovaries. Angiogenesis is critical for the development of ovarian cancer and its peritoneal dissemination. The present review summarizes recent findings on the angiogenic response in neoplastic ovaries and discusses the prospects of using anti-angiogenic approaches to treat ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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23
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Abstract
The year 2004 represents a milestone for the biosensor research community: in this year, over 1000 articles were published describing experiments performed using commercially available systems. The 1038 papers we found represent an approximately 10% increase over the past year and demonstrate that the implementation of biosensors continues to expand at a healthy pace. We evaluated the data presented in each paper and compiled a 'top 10' list. These 10 articles, which we recommend every biosensor user reads, describe well-performed kinetic, equilibrium and qualitative/screening studies, provide comparisons between binding parameters obtained from different biosensor users, as well as from biosensor- and solution-based interaction analyses, and summarize the cutting-edge applications of the technology. We also re-iterate some of the experimental pitfalls that lead to sub-optimal data and over-interpreted results. We are hopeful that the biosensor community, by applying the hints we outline, will obtain data on a par with that presented in the 10 spotlighted articles. This will ensure that the scientific community at large can be confident in the data we report from optical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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