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Yan KX, Ge BJ, Sang R, Zhao P, Liu XM, Yu MH, Liu XT, Qiu Q, Zhang XM. Taraxasterol attenuates zearalenone-induced kidney damage in mice by modulating oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 285:117093. [PMID: 39317070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Taraxasterol is one of the bioactive ingredients from traditional Chinese herb Taraxacum, which exhibits multiple pharmacological activities and protective effects. However, the underlying influence and mechanism of its use against kidney damage caused from zearalenone (ZEA) remain unexplored. The ZEA-induced kidney damage model of mice was established by feeding diets containing ZEA (2 mg/kg), and taraxasterol (5 and 10 mg/kg) was administered by gavage for 28 days. Results demonstrated taraxasterol increased average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI), reduced feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) and kidney index of mice induced by ZEA. Taraxasterol alleviated histopathological changes of kidney, reduced ZEA residue and the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), and creatinine (CRE). Concurrently, taraxasterol reduced the contents of oxidative stress indicator reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Further, taraxasterol up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), GSH-Px, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of KELCH like ECH associated protein (Keap1) in Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. Taraxasterol down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of immunoglobulin binding protein (Bip), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Bcl-2 associated X (Bax), cysteine protease (Caspase)-12, and Caspase-3, and up-regulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression in endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. This study suggests that taraxasterol attenuates ZEA-induced mouse kidney damage through the modulation of Nrf2/Keapl pathway to play antioxidant role and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway to enhance anti-apoptotic ability. It will provide a basis for taraxasterol as a potential drug to prevent and treat ZEA-induced kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China.
| | - Bing-Jie Ge
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China.
| | - Rui Sang
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China.
| | - Xin-Man Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China.
| | - Ming-Hong Yu
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China.
| | - Xiao-Tong Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China.
| | - Qian Qiu
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China.
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Street, Yanji, Jilin 133000, China.
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He J, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Zhang L, Shao G, Xie Z, Nie Y, Li W, Li Y, Chen L, Huang B, Chu F, Feng K, Lin W, Li H, Chen W, Zhang X, Xie Q. Recombinant Muscovy Duck Parvovirus Led to Ileac Damage in Muscovy Ducklings. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071471. [PMID: 35891451 PMCID: PMC9315717 DOI: 10.3390/v14071471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterfowl parvovirus (WPFs) has multiple effects on the intestinal tract, but the effects of recombinant Muscovy duck parvovirus (rMDPV) have not been elucidated. In this study, 48 one-day-old Muscovy ducklings were divided into an infected group and a control group. Plasma and ileal samples were collected from both groups at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days post-infection (dpi), both six ducklings at a time. Next, we analyzed the genomic sequence of the rMDPV strain. Results showed that the ileal villus structure was destroyed seriously at 4, 6, 8 dpi, and the expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 decreased at 4, 6 dpi; 4, 6, 8 dpi; and 2, 6 dpi, respectively. Intestinal cytokines IFN-α, IL-1β and IL-6 increased at 6 dpi; 8 dpi; and 6, 8 dpi, respectively, whereas IL-2 decreased at 6, 8 dpi. The diversity of ileal flora increased significantly at 4 dpi and decreased at 8 dpi. The bacteria Ochrobactrum and Enterococcus increased and decreased at 4, 8 dpi; 2, 4 dpi, respectively. Plasma MDA increased at 2 dpi, SOD, CAT, and T-AOC decreased at 2, 4, 8 dpi; 4, 8 dpi; and 4, 6, 8 dpi, respectively. These results suggest that rMDPV infection led to early intestinal barrier dysfunction, inflammation, ileac microbiota disruption, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui He
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zezhong Hu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Luxuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Guanming Shao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zi Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Nie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liyi Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Benli Huang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fengsheng Chu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keyu Feng
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxin Li
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Q.X.)
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (Y.Z.); (Z.H.); (G.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.N.); (W.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (B.H.); (F.C.); (K.F.); (W.L.); (H.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Q.X.)
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Krzemień P, Kasperczyk S, Banach M, Kasperczyk A, Dobrakowski M, Tomasik T, Windak A, Mastej M, Catapano A, Ray KK, Mikhailidis DP, Toth PP, Howard G, Lip GY, Tomaszewski M, Charchar FJ, Sattar N, Williams B, MacDonald TM, Penson PE, Jóźwiak JJ. Serum antinuclear autoantibodies are associated with measures of oxidative stress and lifestyle factors: analysis of LIPIDOGRAM2015 and LIPIDOGEN2015 studies. Arch Med Sci 2021; 19:1214-1227. [PMID: 37732061 PMCID: PMC10507751 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/139313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress is one of many factors suspected to promote antinuclear autoantibody (ANA) formation. Reactive oxygen species can induce changes in the antigenic structure of macromolecules, causing the immune system to treat them as "neo-antigens" and start production of autoantibodies. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress markers, lifestyle factors and the detection of ANA. Material and methods We examined measures of oxidative stress indices of free-radical damage to lipids and proteins, such as total oxidant status (TOS), concentration of protein thiol groups (PSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in 1731 serum samples. The parameters of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system, such as total antioxidant status (TAS) and uric acid (UA) concentration, were also measured and the oxidative stress index (OSI-index) was calculated. All samples were tested for the presence of ANA using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA). Results The presence of ANA in women was associated with lower physical activity (p = 0.036), less frequent smoking (p = 0.007) and drinking of alcohol (p = 0.024) accompanied by significant changes in SOD isoenzymes activity (p < 0.001) and a higher uric acid (UA) concentration (p < 0.001). In ANA positive males we observed lower concentrations of PSH (p = 0.046) and increased concentrations of MDA (p = 0.047). Conclusions The results indicate that local oxidative stress may be associated with increased probability of ANA formation in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Poland
| | - Michał Dobrakowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Poland
| | - Tomasz Tomasik
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Windak
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Alberico Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milano and Multimedica IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Kausik K. Ray
- Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter P. Toth
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, Maryland, USA
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, Illinois IL, USA
| | - George Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
| | - Gregory Y.H. Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi J. Charchar
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat VIC 3350, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Williams
- NIHR University College London Biomedical Research Centre, University College London and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M. MacDonald
- MEMO Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Peter E. Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek J. Jóźwiak
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
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Ruggeri RM, CampennÌ A, Giuffrida G, Casciaro M, Barbalace MC, Hrelia S, Trimarchi F, CannavÒ S, Gangemi S. Oxidative stress as a key feature of autoimmune thyroiditis: an update. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2020; 45:326-344. [PMID: 32969631 DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.20.03268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress has been proposed as one of the factors concurring in the pathophysiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Reactive oxygen species are the main expression of oxidative stress in biological systems, and their production can overcome antioxidant defenses ultimately leading to cell damage, apoptosis, and death. The present review was aimed at describing the state of the art of the relationships between oxidative stress and autoimmune thyroiditis. The most used biomarkers of oxidative stress and their correlation with thyroid function are reported. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We conducted a search of the literature in the English language starting from 2000, using the following search terms: "Hashimoto thyroiditis," "autoimmune thyroiditis," "hypothyroidism," "hyperthyroidism," "oxidative stress," "oxidants," "antioxidant," "advanced glycation end products." Both clinical studies and animal models were evaluated. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Data form clinical studies clearly indicate that the balance between oxidants and antioxidants is shifted towards the oxidative side in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, suggesting that oxidative stress may be a key event in the pathophysiology of the disease, irrespective of thyroid function. Studies in animal models, such as the NOD.H2h4 mouse, confirm that thyroidal accumulation of ROS plays a role in the initiation and progression of autoimmune thyroiditis. CONCLUSIONS Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance represent a key feature of thyroid autoimmunity. Oxidative stress parameters could be used as biochemical markers of chronic inflammation, to better predict the disease evolution along its natural history. Dietary habits and antioxidant supplements may provide protection from autoimmunity, opening new perspectives in the development of more tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria M Ruggeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gaetano Martino University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy - .,Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy -
| | - Alfredo CampennÌ
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giuffrida
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gaetano Martino University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Unit of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria C Barbalace
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore CannavÒ
- Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Human Pathology DETEV, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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