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Stoup N, Liberelle M, Lebègue N, Van Seuningen I. Emerging paradigms and recent progress in targeting ErbB in cancers. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:552-576. [PMID: 38797570 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family is a class of transmembrane proteins, highly regarded as anticancer targets due to their pivotal role in various malignancies. Standard cancer treatments targeting the ErbB receptors include tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Despite their substantial survival benefits, the achievement of curative outcomes is hindered by acquired resistance. Recent advancements in anti-ErbB approaches, such as inhibitory peptides, nanobodies, targeted-protein degradation strategies, and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), aim to overcome such resistance. More recently, emerging insights into the cell surface interactome of the ErbB family open new avenues for modulating ErbB signaling by targeting specific domains of ErbB partners. Here, we review recent progress in ErbB targeting and elucidate emerging paradigms that underscore the significance of EGF domain-containing proteins (EDCPs) as new ErbB-targeting pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Stoup
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maxime Liberelle
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LiNC -Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Lebègue
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LiNC -Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Van Seuningen
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Yao L, Xu Z, Davies DE, Jones MG, Wang Y. Dysregulated bidirectional epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk: a core determinant of lung fibrosis progression. CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2024; 2:27-33. [PMID: 38558961 PMCID: PMC7615773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Progressive lung fibrosis is characterised by dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Understanding of disease pathogenesis remains limited and has prevented the development of effective treatments. While an abnormal wound healing response is strongly implicated in lung fibrosis initiation, factors that determine why fibrosis progresses rather than regular tissue repair occurs are not fully explained. Within human lung fibrosis there is evidence of altered epithelial and mesenchymal lung populations as well as cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a dynamic and reversible biological process by which epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and down-regulate cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion to gain migratory properties. This review will focus upon the role of EMT and dysregulated epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk in progressive lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudi Yao
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Zijian Xu
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Donna E. Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mark G. Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Yihua Wang
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Zhu Y, Yang M, Xu W, Zhang Y, Pan L, Wang L, Wang F, Lu Y. The collagen matrix regulates the survival and function of pancreatic islets. Endocrine 2024; 83:537-547. [PMID: 37999835 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides an appropriate microenvironment for many kinds of cells, including pancreatic cells. Collagens are the most abundant components of the ECM. Type I, IV, V and VI collagen has been detected in pancreatic islets, and each type plays important role in the proliferation, survival, function and differentiation of pancreatic cells. In some cases, collagens show behaviours similar to those of growth factors and regulate the biological behaviour of β cells by binding with certain growth factors, including IGFs, EGFs and FGFs. The transcriptional coactivator YAP/TAZ has been widely recognised as a mechanosensor that senses changes in the physical characteristics of the ECM and inhibition of YAP/TAZ enhances insulin production and secretion. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the destruction of insulin-producing β cells. The crosstalk between collagens and immune cells plays a key role in the development and differentiation of immune cells. Further, Supplementation with collagens during islet transplantation is a promising strategy for improving the quality of the islets. But, excessive collagen deposition results in pancreatic fibrosis and pancreatic carcinoma. Targeting inhibit Piezo, autophagy or IL-6 may reduce excessive collagen deposition-induced pancreatic fibrosis and pancreatic carcinoma. This review provides insights into the treatment of T1DM to prolong life expectancy and provides the potential targets for treating collagen deposition-induced pancreatic fibrosis and pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Wanli Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China.
| | - Yanting Lu
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China.
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Glotzbach K, Faissner A. Substrate-bound and soluble domains of tenascin-C regulate differentiation, proliferation and migration of neural stem and progenitor cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1357499. [PMID: 38425428 PMCID: PMC10902920 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1357499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The lack of regenerative capacity of the central nervous system is one of the major challenges nowadays. The knowledge of guidance cues that trigger differentiation, proliferation, and migration of neural stem and progenitor cells is one key element in regenerative medicine. The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C (Tnc) is a promising candidate to regulate cell fate due to its expression in the developing central nervous system and in the adult neural stem cell niches. Of special interest are the alternatively spliced fibronectin type III (FnIII) domains of Tnc whose combinatorial diversity could theoretically generate up to 64 isoforms in the mouse. A total of 27 isoforms have already been discovered in the developing brain, among others the domain combinations A1D, CD, and A124BCD. Methods In the present study, these domains as well as the combination of the constitutively expressed FnIII domains 7 and 8 (78) were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells as pseudo-antibodies fused to the Fc-fragment of a human immunoglobulin G antibody. The fusion proteins were presented to primary mouse neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) grown as neurospheres, either as coated culture substrates or as soluble additives in vitro. The influence of the domains on the differentiation, proliferation and migration of NSPCs was analyzed. Results We observed that the domain combination A124BCD promoted the differentiation of neurons and oligodendrocytes, whereas the domain A1D supported astrocyte differentiation. The constitutively expressed domain 78 had a proliferation and migration stimulating impact. Moreover, most effects were seen only in one of the presentation modes but not in both, suggesting different effects of the Tnc domains in two- and three-dimensional cultures. Discussion This knowledge about the different effect of the Tnc domains might be used to create artificial three-dimensional environments for cell transplantation. Hydrogels spiked with Tnc-domains might represent a promising tool in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Abedsaeidi M, Hojjati F, Tavassoli A, Sahebkar A. Biology of Tenascin C and its Role in Physiology and Pathology. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2706-2731. [PMID: 37021423 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230404124229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a multimodular extracellular matrix (ECM) protein hexameric with several molecular forms (180-250 kDa) produced by alternative splicing at the pre-mRNA level and protein modifications. The molecular phylogeny indicates that the amino acid sequence of TNC is a well-conserved protein among vertebrates. TNC has binding partners, including fibronectin, collagen, fibrillin-2, periostin, proteoglycans, and pathogens. Various transcription factors and intracellular regulators tightly regulate TNC expression. TNC plays an essential role in cell proliferation and migration. Unlike embryonic tissues, TNC protein is distributed over a few tissues in adults. However, higher TNC expression is observed in inflammation, wound healing, cancer, and other pathological conditions. It is widely expressed in a variety of human malignancies and is recognized as a pivotal factor in cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, TNC increases both pro-and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. It has been identified as an essential factor in tissue injuries such as damaged skeletal muscle, heart disease, and kidney fibrosis. This multimodular hexameric glycoprotein modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses regulating the expression of numerous cytokines. Moreover, TNC is an important regulatory molecule that affects the onset and progression of neuronal disorders through many signaling pathways. We provide a comprehensive overview of the structural and expression properties of TNC and its potential functions in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihehsadat Abedsaeidi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Hojjati
- Division of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Tavassoli
- Division of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Matrix protein Tenascin-C promotes kidney fibrosis via STAT3 activation in response to tubular injury. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1044. [PMID: 36522320 PMCID: PMC9755308 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the extracellular matrix (ECM) is not only a consequence of fibrosis, but also contributes to the progression of fibrosis, by creating a profibrotic microenvironment. Tenascin-C (TNC) is an ECM glycoprotein that contains multiple functional domains. We showed that following kidney injury, TNC was markedly induced in fibrotic areas in the kidney from both mouse models and humans with kidney diseases. Genetically deletion of TNC in mice significantly attenuated unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced kidney fibrosis. Further studies showed that TNC promoted the proliferation of kidney interstitial cells via STAT3 activation. TNC-expressing cells in fibrotic kidney were activated fibroblast 2 (Act.Fib2) subpopulation, according to a previously generated single nucleus RNA-seq dataset profiling kidney of mouse UUO model at day 14. To identify and characterize TNC-expressing cells, we generated a TNC-promoter-driven CreER2-IRES-eGFP knock-in mouse line and found that the TNC reporter eGFP was markedly induced in cells around injured tubules that had lost epithelial markers, suggesting TNC was induced in response to epithelium injury. Most of the eGFP-positive cells were both NG2 and PDGFRβ positive. These cells did not carry markers of progenitor cells or macrophages. In conclusion, this study provides strong evidence that matrix protein TNC contributes to kidney fibrosis. TNC pathway may serve as a potential therapeutic target for interstitial fibrosis and the progression of chronic kidney disease.
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Decker S, Taschauer A, Geppl E, Pirhofer V, Schauer M, Pöschl S, Kopp F, Richter L, Ecker GF, Sami H, Ogris M. Structure-based peptide ligand design for improved epidermal growth factor receptor targeted gene delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 176:211-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Schaberg E, Götz M, Faissner A. The extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-C modulates cell cycle progression and motility of adult neural stem/progenitor cells from the subependymal zone. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:244. [PMID: 35430697 PMCID: PMC9013340 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis has been described in two canonical regions of the adult central nervous system (CNS) of rodents, the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus and the subependymal zone (SEZ) of the lateral ventricles. The stem cell niche of the SEZ provides a privileged environment composed of a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) that comprises the glycoproteins tenascin-C (Tnc) and laminin-1 (LN1). In the present study, we investigated the function of these ECM glycoproteins in the adult stem cell niche. Adult neural stem/progenitor cells (aNSPCs) of the SEZ were prepared from wild type (Tnc+/+) and Tnc knockout (Tnc−/−) mice and analyzed using molecular and cell biological approaches. A delayed maturation of aNSPCs in Tnc−/− tissue was reflected by a reduced capacity to form neurospheres in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF). To examine a potential influence of the ECM on cell proliferation, aNSPCs of both genotypes were studied by cell tracking using digital video microscopy. aNSPCs were cultivated on three different substrates, namely, poly-d-lysine (PDL) and PDL replenished with either LN1 or Tnc for up to 6 days in vitro. On each of the three substrates aNSPCs displayed lineage trees that could be investigated with regard to cell cycle length. The latter appeared reduced in Tnc−/− aNSPCs on PDL and LN1 substrates, less so on Tnc that seemed to compensate the absence of the ECM compound to some extent. Close inspection of the lineage trees revealed a subpopulation of late dividing aNSPCslate that engaged into cycling after a notable delay. aNSPCslate exhibited a clearly different morphology, with a larger cell body and conspicuous processes. aNSPCslate reiterated the reduction in cell cycle length on all substrates tested, which was not rescued on Tnc substrates. When the migratory activity of aNSPC-derived progeny was determined, Tnc−/− neuroblasts displayed significantly longer migration tracks. This was traced to an increased rate of migration episodes compared to the wild-type cells that rested for longer time periods. We conclude that Tnc intervenes in the proliferation of aNSPCs and modulates the motility of neuroblasts in the niche of the SEZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Schaberg
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Biomedical Center, LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Synergy, Excellence Cluster for Systems Neurology, BMC, LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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Yao L, Zhou Y, Li J, Wickens L, Conforti F, Rattu A, Ibrahim FM, Alzetani A, Marshall BG, Fletcher SV, Hancock D, Wallis T, Downward J, Ewing RM, Richeldi L, Skipp P, Davies DE, Jones MG, Wang Y. Bidirectional epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk provides self-sustaining profibrotic signals in pulmonary fibrosis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101096. [PMID: 34418430 PMCID: PMC8435701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the prototypic progressive fibrotic lung disease with a median survival of 2 to 4 years. Injury to and/or dysfunction of the alveolar epithelium is strongly implicated in IPF disease initiation, but the factors that determine whether fibrosis progresses rather than normal tissue repair occurs remain poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells augments transforming growth factor-β-induced profibrogenic responses in underlying lung fibroblasts via paracrine signaling. Here, we investigated bidirectional epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk and its potential to drive fibrosis progression. RNA-Seq of lung fibroblasts exposed to conditioned media from ATII cells undergoing RAS-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition identified many differentially expressed genes including those involved in cell migration and extracellular matrix regulation. We confirmed that paracrine signaling between RAS-activated ATII cells and fibroblasts augmented fibroblast recruitment and demonstrated that this involved a zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1-tissue plasminogen activator axis. In a reciprocal fashion, paracrine signaling from transforming growth factor-β-activated lung fibroblasts or IPF fibroblasts induced RAS activation in ATII cells, at least partially through the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, which may signal via the epithelial growth factor receptor via epithelial growth factor-like repeats. Together, these data identify that aberrant bidirectional epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk in IPF drives a chronic feedback loop that maintains a wound-healing phenotype and provides self-sustaining profibrotic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudi Yao
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yilu Zhou
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Wickens
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Franco Conforti
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Rattu
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Fathima Maneesha Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ben G Marshall
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie V Fletcher
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David Hancock
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Wallis
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rob M Ewing
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Skipp
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Donna E Davies
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G Jones
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Yihua Wang
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Mafuika SN, Naicker T. The role of Tenascin-C in HIV associated pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021; 25:156-160. [PMID: 34146831 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-eclampsia (PE) accounts for 14.8% of maternal deaths in South Africa. Tenascin C (TN-C) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine expressed in the extracellular matrix and may be dysregulated in the hyperinflammatory PE microenvironment. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study examined serum TN-C in normotensive pregnant (n = 36) and pre-eclamptic (n = 36) HIV positive and negative women using an immunoassay. RESULTS TN-C was significantly upregulated in PE vs normotensive pregnant women (p = 0.0075) and HIV-positive vs negative pregnant women (p = 0.0009). TN-C levels across all groups was statistically different (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates an elevation of TN-C in HIV-associated PE. The potential benefit of TN-C as a biomarker to detect PE development requires investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seke Nzau Mafuika
- Discipline of Optics and Imaging, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Discipline of Optics and Imaging, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Increase of the Intracellular Zinc Concentration Leads to an Activation and Internalisation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in A549 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010326. [PMID: 33396916 PMCID: PMC7795919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Zinc is suggested to play a major role in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cell regeneration and proliferation. To deepen the knowledge on the underlying mechanisms zinc’s effects on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and its endocytosis was investigated in the alveolar carcinoma cell line A549. (2) Methods: An increase of intracellular zinc was generated by adding zinc extracellularly compared to the intracellular release of zinc from zinc-binding proteins by stimulation with a nitric oxide donor. Zinc-initiated EGFR phosphorylation was checked by Western blotting and receptor endocytosis assays were performed by using flow cytometry. (3) Results: Besides a dose-dependent EGFR phosphorylation, a dose- and time dependent significant receptor internalisation was initiated by both types of zinc increases. In addition, both increased intracellular zinc levels further promoted EGF-induced EGFR phosphorylation and internalisation. (4) Conclusion: This report confirms a transactivating effect of zinc on the EGFR for A549 cells and is the first describing an influence of zinc on the EGFR endocytosis. The transferability of the fine-tuning of EGFR-induced signalling by zinc needs to be verified in vivo, but the presented data underline that zinc might be helpful during treatment of disturbed regeneration and tissue repair.
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12
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Hanmin C, Xiangyue Z, Lenahan C, Ling W, Yibo O, Yue H. Pleiotropic Role of Tenascin-C in Central Nervous System Diseases: From Basic to Clinical Applications. Front Neurol 2020; 11:576230. [PMID: 33281711 PMCID: PMC7691598 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.576230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is composed of a variety of macromolecular substances secreted by cells, which form a complex network that supports and connects tissue structures, regulates the morphogenesis of tissues, and maintains the physiological activities of cells. Tenascin-C, a secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is abundantly expressed after exposure to pathological stimuli. It plays an important regulatory role in brain tumors, vascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases by mediating inflammatory responses, inducing brain damage, and promoting cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis through multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, tenascin-C may become a potential therapeutic target for intracranial diseases. Here, we review and discuss the latest literature regarding tenascin-C, and we comprehensively explain the role and clinical significance of tenascin-C in intracranial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hanmin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Xiangyue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Wang Ling
- Department of Operating Room, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ou Yibo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - He Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kleiser S, Nyström A. Interplay between Cell-Surface Receptors and Extracellular Matrix in Skin. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1170. [PMID: 32796709 PMCID: PMC7465455 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin consists of the epidermis and dermis, which are connected by a specialized basement membrane-the epidermal basement membrane. Both the epidermal basement membrane and the underlying interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) created by dermal fibroblasts contain distinct network-forming macromolecules. These matrices play various roles in order to maintain skin homeostasis and integrity. Within this complex interplay of cells and matrices, cell surface receptors play essential roles not only for inside-out and outside-in signaling, but also for establishing mechanical and biochemical properties of skin. Already minor modulations of this multifactorial cross-talk can lead to severe and systemic diseases. In this review, major epidermal and dermal cell surface receptors will be addressed with respect to their interactions with matrix components as well as their roles in fibrotic, inflammatory or tumorigenic skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Kleiser
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Sylakowski K, Bradshaw A, Wells A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell/Multipotent Stromal Cell Augmentation of Wound Healing: Lessons from the Physiology of Matrix and Hypoxia Support. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1370-1381. [PMID: 32294456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous wounds requiring tissue replacement are often challenging to treat and result in substantial economic burden. Many of the challenges inherent to therapy-mediated healing are due to comorbidities of disease and aging that render many wounds as chronic or nonhealing. Repeated failure to resolve chronic wounds compromises the reserve or functioning of localized reparative cells. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) has been proposed to augment the reparative capacity of resident cells within the wound bed to overcome stalled wound healing. However, MSCs face a variety of challenges within the wound micro-environment that curtail their survival after transplantation. MSCs are naturally pro-angiogenic and proreparative, and thus numerous techniques have been attempted to improve their survival and efficacy after transplantation, many with little impact. These setbacks have prompted researchers to re-examine the normal wound bed physiology, resulting in new approaches to MSC transplantation using extracellular matrix proteins and hypoxia preconditioning. These studies have also led to new insights on associated intracellular mechanisms, particularly autophagy, which play key roles in further regulating MSC survival and paracrine signaling. This review provides a brief overview of cutaneous wound healing with discussion on how extracellular matrix proteins and hypoxia can be utilized to improve MSC retention and therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Sylakowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; R&D Service, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Bradshaw
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; R&D Service, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; R&D Service, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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15
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Rafaeva M, Erler JT. Framing cancer progression: influence of the organ- and tumour-specific matrisome. FEBS J 2020; 287:1454-1477. [PMID: 31972068 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in regulating organ homeostasis. It provides mechanical and biochemical cues directing cellular behaviour and, therefore, has control over the progression of diseases such as cancer. Recent efforts have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the protein composition of the ECM and its regulators, the so-called matrisome, in healthy and cancerous tissues; yet, an overview of the common signatures and organ-specific ECM in cancer is missing. Here, we address this by taking a detailed approach to review why cancer grows in certain organs, and focus on the influence of the matrisome at primary and metastatic tumour sites. Our in-depth and comprehensive review of the current literature and general understanding identifies important commonalities and distinctions, providing insight into the biology of metastasis, which could pave the way to improve future diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rafaeva
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Denmark
| | - Janine T Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Denmark
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16
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Wells A, Wiley HS. A systems perspective of heterocellular signaling. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:607-617. [PMID: 30139877 PMCID: PMC6309864 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20180015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal exchange between different cell types is essential for development and function of multicellular organisms, and its dysregulation is causal in many diseases. Unfortunately, most cell-signaling work has employed single cell types grown under conditions unrelated to their native context. Recent technical developments have started to provide the tools needed to follow signaling between multiple cell types, but gaps in the information they provide have limited their usefulness in building realistic models of heterocellular signaling. Currently, only targeted assays have the necessary sensitivity, selectivity, and spatial resolution to usefully probe heterocellular signaling processes, but these are best used to test specific, mechanistic models. Decades of systems biology research with monocultures has provided a solid foundation for building models of heterocellular signaling, but current models lack a realistic description of regulated proteolysis and the feedback processes triggered within and between cells. Identification and understanding of key regulatory processes in the extracellular environment and of recursive signaling patterns between cells will be essential to building predictive models of heterocellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Wells
- Departments of Pathology and Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, PA 15261, U.S.A
| | - H Steven Wiley
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, U.S.A.
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17
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May M, Denecke B, Schroeder T, Götz M, Faissner A. Cell tracking in vitro reveals that the extracellular matrix glycoprotein Tenascin-C modulates cell cycle length and differentiation in neural stem/progenitor cells of the developing mouse spinal cord. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/7/bio027730. [PMID: 30045859 PMCID: PMC6078350 DOI: 10.1242/bio.027730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of astrocytes during the development of the mammalian spinal cord is poorly understood. Previously, we have shown that the glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) tenascin-C (Tnc) modulates the expression territories of the patterning genes Nkx6.1 and Nkx2.2 in the developing ventral spinal cord, tunes the responsiveness of neural stem/progenitor cells towards the cytokines FGF2 and EGF and thereby promotes astrocyte maturation. In order to obtain further mechanistic insight into these processes, we have compared embryonic day-15 spinal cord neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from wild-type and Tnc knockout mice using continuous single-cell live imaging and cell lineage analysis in vitroTnc knockout cells displayed a significantly reduced rate of cell division both in response to FGF2 and EGF. When individual clones of dividing cells were investigated with regard to their cell lineage trees using the tTt tracking software, it appeared that the cell cycle length in response to growth factors was reduced in the knockout. Furthermore, when Tnc knockout NPCs were induced to differentiate by the removal of FGF2 and EGF glial differentiation was enhanced. We conclude that the constituent of the stem cell niche Tnc contributes to preserve stemness of NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus May
- Department for Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Aachen Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg/Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg/Martinsried, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department for Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Hendijani F. Explant culture: An advantageous method for isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human tissues. Cell Prolif 2017; 50:e12334. [PMID: 28144997 PMCID: PMC6529062 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research progressively moves towards clinical phases. Accordingly, a wide range of different procedures were presented in the literature for MSC isolation from human tissues; however, there is not yet any close focus on the details to offer precise information for best method selection. Choosing a proper isolation method is a critical step in obtaining cells with optimal quality and yield in companion with clinical and economical considerations. In this concern, current review widely discusses advantages of omitting proteolysis step in isolation process and presence of tissue pieces in primary culture of MSCs, including removal of lytic stress on cells, reduction of in vivo to in vitro transition stress for migrated/isolated cells, reduction of price, processing time and labour, removal of viral contamination risk, and addition of supporting functions of extracellular matrix and released growth factors from tissue explant. In next sections, it provides an overall report of technical highlights and molecular events of explant culture method for isolation of MSCs from human tissues including adipose tissue, bone marrow, dental pulp, hair follicle, cornea, umbilical cord and placenta. Focusing on informative collection of molecular and methodological data about explant methods can make it easy for researchers to choose an optimal method for their experiments/clinical studies and also stimulate them to investigate and optimize more efficient procedures according to clinical and economical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hendijani
- Faculty of PharmacyHormozgan University of Medical SciencesBandar AbbasIran
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Huber RJ, O'Day DH. Extracellular matrix dynamics and functions in the social amoeba Dictyostelium: A critical review. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:2971-2980. [PMID: 27693486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic complex of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, carbohydrates, and collagen that serves as an interface between mammalian cells and their extracellular environment. Essential for normal cellular homeostasis, physiology, and events that occur during development, it is also a key functionary in a number of human diseases including cancer. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum secretes an ECM during multicellular development that regulates multicellularity, cell motility, cell differentiation, and morphogenesis, and provides structural support and protective layers to the resulting differentiated cell types. Proteolytic processing within the Dictyostelium ECM leads to specific bioactive factors that regulate cell motility and differentiation. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we review the structure and functions of the Dictyostelium ECM and its role in regulating multicellular development. The questions and challenges that remain and how they can be answered are also discussed. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The Dictyostelium ECM shares many of the features of mammalian and plant ECM, and thus presents an excellent system for studying the structure and function of the ECM. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE As a genetically tractable model organism, Dictyostelium offers the potential to further elucidate ECM functions, and to possibly reveal previously unknown roles for the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Danton H O'Day
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Nuschke A, Rodrigues M, Rivera J, Yates C, Whaley D, Stolz D, Griffith L, Wells A. Epidermal Growth Factor Tethered to β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Scaffolds via a High-Affinity Binding Peptide Enhances Survival of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells/Multipotent Stromal Cells in an Immune-Competent Parafascial Implantation Assay in Mice. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1580-1586. [PMID: 27400798 PMCID: PMC5070502 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
: Mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are attractive candidates for cell therapies owing to their ability to differentiate into many lineages. However, these cells often fail to survive when implanted into a harsh wound environment, limiting efficacy in vivo. To improve MSC survival, we previously found that tethered epidermal growth factor (tEGF) molecules that restrict epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling to the cell surface provide resistance to death signals. To adapt this system to wound healing, we tethered epidermal growth factor (EGF) to tricalcium phosphate (TCP) particle scaffolds, clinically used in bone healing. Human primary MSCs seeded on TCP and mixed into a collagen-based gel were injected in the perifascial space of immunocompetent mice with or without tEGF attached to the surface. We found that tethering EGF to the TCP scaffolds yielded approximately a fourfold increase in MSC survival compared with non-EGF scaffolds at 21 days, as well as significant improvements in survival in the short term at 2 and 7 days after implantation. Overall, our approach to sustaining EGFR signaling reduced MSC death in vivo and may be useful for future cell therapies where MSCs typically die on implantation. SIGNIFICANCE Stem cells are limited as tissue replacements owing to rapid death induced in the hostile wound environment. It has been found that restricting epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling to the membrane provides a survival advantage. This report elucidates a method to tether EGF to bone induction material to improve the survival of mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent stromal cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Nuschke
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melanie Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaime Rivera
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cecelia Yates
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diana Whaley
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna Stolz
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Abstract
Tenascin-C is a large, multimodular, extracellular matrix glycoprotein that exhibits a very restricted pattern of expression but an enormously diverse range of functions. Here, we discuss the importance of deciphering the expression pattern of, and effects mediated by, different forms of this molecule in order to fully understand tenascin-C biology. We focus on both post transcriptional and post translational events such as splicing, glycosylation, assembly into a 3D matrix and proteolytic cleavage, highlighting how these modifications are key to defining tenascin-C function.
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Key Words
- AD1/AD2, additional domain 1/ additional domain 2
- ADAMTS, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs
- ASMCs, aortic smooth muscle cells
- BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor
- BHKs, baby hamster kidney cells
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- CA19–9, carbohydrate antigen 19–9
- CALEB, chicken acidic leucine-rich EGF-like domain containing brain protein
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CNS, central nervous system
- CRC, colorectal carcinomas
- CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
- DCIS, ductal carcinoma in-situ
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EDA-FN, extra domain A containing fibronectin
- EDB-FN, extra domain B containing fibronectin
- EGF-L, epidermal growth factor-like
- EGF-R, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ELISPOT, enzyme-linked immunospot assay
- FBG, fibrinogen-like globe
- FGF2, fibroblast growth factor 2
- FGF4, fibroblast growth factor 4
- FN, fibronectin
- FNIII, fibronectin type III-like repeat
- GMEM, glioma-mesenchymal extracellular matrix antigen
- GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol
- HB-EGF, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor
- HCEs, immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HNK-1, human natural killer-1
- HSPGs, heparan sulfate proteoglycans
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- ICC, immunocytochemistry
- IF, immunofluorescence
- IFNγ, interferon gamma
- IGF, insulin-like growth factor
- IGF-BP, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- IL, interleukin
- ISH, in situ hybridization
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MPNSTs, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
- Mr, molecular mass
- NB, northern blot
- NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NK, natural killer cells
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma
- NSCs, neural stem cells
- NT, neurotrophin
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PDGF, platelet derived growth factor
- PDGF-Rβ, platelet derived growth factor receptor β
- PIGF, phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class F protein
- PLCγ, phospholipase-C gamma
- PNS, peripheral nervous system
- PTPRζ1, receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- RCC, renal cell carcinoma
- RD, rhabdomyosarcoma
- RGD, arginylglycylaspartic acid
- RT-PCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction
- SB, Southern blot
- SCC, squamous cell carcinoma
- SMCs, smooth muscle cells
- SVZ, sub-ventricular zone
- TA, tenascin assembly domain
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
- TLR4, toll-like receptor 4
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α
- TSS, transcription start site
- UBC, urothelial bladder cancer
- UCC, urothelial cell carcinoma
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells
- VZ, ventricular zone
- WB, immunoblot/ western blot
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- biosynthesis
- c, charged
- cancer
- ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma
- chRCC, chromophobe-primary renal cell carcinoma
- development
- glycosylation
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- matrix assembly
- mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK
- pHo, extracellular pH
- pRCC, papillary renal cell carcinoma
- proteolytic cleavage
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
- splicing
- tenascin-C
- therapeutics
- transcription
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Giblin
- a Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics; Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences ; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology; University of Oxford ; Oxford , UK
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22
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Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC), a multifunctional matricellular glyco-protein, is highly expressed in the majority of melanoma cell lines and has been implicated in the progression of melanoma. A growing body of evidence has implicated the role of TNC in the process of invasion and metastasis for melanoma. However, the mechanism and individual signaling pathways by which TNC drives melanoma progression have not been illuminated. Herein we provide perspectives from the investigation of TNC in other settings that may hint at the mechanistic role of TNC in this disease.
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Abstract
Tenascins are a family of extracellular matrix molecules that are mainly expressed in embryonic development and down-regulated in adulthood. A re-expression in the adult occurs under pathological conditions such as inflammation, regeneration or neoplasia. As the most prominent member of the tenascin family, TN-C, is highly expressed in glioma tissue and rising evidence suggests that TN-C plays a crucial role in cell migration or invasion - the most fatal characteristics of glioma - also the other members of this protein family have been investigated with regard to their impact on glioma biology. For all tenascins correlations between the expression levels of the different family members and the degree of malignancy and invasiveness of glial tumors could be detected. Overall, the former and recent results in the research on glioma and tenascins point at distinct roles of each of the molecules in glioma biology and the devastating properties of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Brösicke
- a Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology ; Ruhr-University Bochum ; Bochum , Germany
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24
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Appert-Collin A, Hubert P, Crémel G, Bennasroune A. Role of ErbB Receptors in Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:283. [PMID: 26635612 PMCID: PMC4657385 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factors mediate their diverse biologic responses (regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival) by binding to and activating cell-surface receptors with intrinsic protein kinase activity named receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). About 60 RTKs have been identified and can be classified into more than 16 different receptor families. Their activity is normally tightly controlled and regulated. Overexpression of RTK proteins or functional alterations caused by mutations in the corresponding genes or abnormal stimulation by autocrine growth factor loops contribute to constitutive RTK signaling, resulting in alterations in the physiological activities of cells. The ErbB receptor family of RTKs comprises four distinct receptors: the EGFR (also known as ErbB1/HER1), ErbB2 (neu, HER2), ErbB3 (HER3) and ErbB4 (HER4). ErbB family members are often overexpressed, amplified, or mutated in many forms of cancer, making them important therapeutic targets. EGFR has been found to be amplified in gliomas and non-small-cell lung carcinoma while ErbB2 amplifications are seen in breast, ovarian, bladder, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, as well as several other tumor types. Several data have shown that ErbB receptor family and its downstream pathway regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and tumor invasion by modulating extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Recent findings indicate that ECM components such as matrikines bind specifically to EGF receptor and promote cell invasion. In this review, we will present an in-depth overview of the structure, mechanisms, cell signaling, and functions of ErbB family receptors in cell adhesion and migration. Furthermore, we will describe in a last part the new strategies developed in anti-cancer therapy to inhibit ErbB family receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Appert-Collin
- UMR CNRS 7369, Unité Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims, France
| | - Pierre Hubert
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, CNRS-AMU UMR 7255 Marseille, France
| | | | - Amar Bennasroune
- UMR CNRS 7369, Unité Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne Reims, France ; UMR CNRS 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine Metz, France
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25
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Murphy-Ullrich JE, Sage EH. Revisiting the matricellular concept. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:1-14. [PMID: 25064829 PMCID: PMC4379989 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The concept of a matricellular protein was first proposed by Paul Bornstein in the mid-1990s to account for the non-lethal phenotypes of mice with inactivated genes encoding thrombospondin-1, tenascin-C, or SPARC. It was also recognized that these extracellular matrix proteins were primarily counter or de-adhesive. This review reappraises the matricellular concept after nearly two decades of continuous investigation. The expanded matricellular family as well as the diverse and often unexpected functions, cellular location, and interacting partners/receptors of matricellular proteins are considered. Development of therapeutic strategies that target matricellular proteins are discussed in the context of pathology and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, United States.
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26
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Yates CC, Hebda P, Wells A. Skin wound healing and scarring: fetal wounds and regenerative restitution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 96:325-33. [PMID: 24203921 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The adverse physiological and psychological effects of scars formation after healing of wounds are broad and a major medical problem for patients. In utero, fetal wounds heal in a regenerative manner, though the mechanisms are unknown. Differences in fetal scarless regeneration and adult repair can provide key insight into reduction of scarring therapy. Understanding the cellular and extracellular matrix alterations in excessive adult scarring in comparison to fetal scarless healing may have important implications. Herein, we propose that matrix can be controlled via cellular therapy to resemble a fetal-like matrix that will result in reduced scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecelia C Yates
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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27
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Zhu J, Clark RAF. Fibronectin at select sites binds multiple growth factors and enhances their activity: expansion of the collaborative ECM-GF paradigm. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:895-901. [PMID: 24335899 PMCID: PMC3961531 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Intensive research has demonstrated that extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and growth factors (GF) collaborate at many different levels. The ability of ECM to modulate GF signals has important implications in tissue formation and homeostasis as well as novel therapies for acute and chronic wounds. Recently, a number of GF-binding sites was identified in fibronectin (FN) and was shown to provide another layer of regulation on GF signaling. Here, we review these new findings on FN interaction with GF in the context of general ways ECM molecules regulate GF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Richard A F Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
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28
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Matrikine and matricellular regulators of EGF receptor signaling on cancer cell migration and invasion. J Transl Med 2014; 94:31-40. [PMID: 24247562 PMCID: PMC4038324 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer invasion is a complex process requiring, among other events, extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix including deposition of pro-migratory and pro-proliferative moieties. In recent years, it has been described that while invading through matrices cancer cells can change shape and adapt their migration strategies depending on the microenvironmental context. Although intracellular signaling pathways governing the mesenchymal to amoeboid migration shift and vice versa have been mostly elucidated, the extracellular signals promoting these shifts are largely unknown. In this review, we summarize findings that point to matrikines that bind specifically to the EGF receptor as matricellular molecules that enable cancer cell migrational plasticity and promote invasion.
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Brösicke N, van Landeghem FKH, Scheffler B, Faissner A. Tenascin-C is expressed by human glioma in vivo and shows a strong association with tumor blood vessels. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 354:409-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Rodrigues M, Blair H, Stockdale L, Griffith L, Wells A. Surface tethered epidermal growth factor protects proliferating and differentiating multipotential stromal cells from FasL-induced apoptosis. Stem Cells 2013; 31:104-16. [PMID: 22948863 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multipotential stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed as aids in regenerating bone and adipose tissues, as these cells form osteoblasts and adipocytes. A major obstacle to this use of MSC is the initial loss of cells postimplantation. This cell death in part is due to ubiquitous nonspecific inflammatory cytokines such as FasL generated in the implant site. Our group previously found that soluble epidermal growth factor (sEGF) promotes MSC expansion. Furthermore, tethering EGF (tEGF) onto a two-dimensional surface altered MSC responses, by restricting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to the cell surface, causing sustained activation of EGFR, and promoting survival from FasL-induced death. sEGF by causing internalization of EGFR does not support MSC survival. However, for tEGF to be useful in bone regeneration, it needs to allow for MSC differentiation into osteoblasts while also protecting emerging osteoblasts from apoptosis. tEGF did not block induced differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts, or adipocytes, a common default MSC-differentiation pathway. MSC-derived preosteoblasts showed increased Fas levels and became more susceptible to FasL-induced death, which tEGF prevented. Differentiating adipocytes underwent a reduction in Fas expression and became resistant to FasL-induced death, with tEGF having no further survival effect. tEGF protected undifferentiated MSC from combined insults of FasL, serum deprivation, and physiologic hypoxia. Additionally, tEGF was dominant in the face of sEGF to protect MSC from FasL-induced death. Our results suggest that MSCs and differentiating osteoblasts need protective signals to survive in the inflammatory wound milieu and that tEGF can serve this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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31
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Rodrigues M, Yates CC, Nuschke A, Griffith L, Wells A. The matrikine tenascin-C protects multipotential stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells from death cytokines such as FasL. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1972-83. [PMID: 23541003 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotential stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive candidates for regenerative therapy due to the ability of these cells to differentiate and positively influence neighboring cells. However, on implantation for wound reconstruction, these cells are lost as they are challenged by nonspecific inflammation signals generated in the wound environment and in response to any implanted foreign body. We have previously shown that sustained and surface-restricted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by a tethered form of its prototypal ligand EGF enhances survival of MSC in the presence of death cytokines such as FasL, serum deprivation, and low oxygen in vitro. This was proposed to be due to the plasma membrane restriction of EGFR signaling. Interestingly, during wound repair, an extracellular matrix (ECM) component Tenascin-C (TNC) containing EGF-like repeats (EGFL) and fibronectin-like repeats (FNL) is upregulated. A few of the 14 EGFL on each of the 6 arms, especially the 14th, bind as low-affinity/high-avidity ligands to EGFR causing sustained surface-restricted EGFR signaling. We queried whether signaling by this physiologically relevant EGFR matrikine also protects MSCs from FasL-induced death. MSCs grown on TNC and Collagen I (as TNC by itself is antiadhesive) displayed a survival advantage in the presence of FasL. TNC neither sequestered nor neutralized FasL; rather, the effects of survival were via cell signaling. This survival was dependent on TNC activating EGFR and downstream pathways of Erk and Akt through EGFL; to a much lesser extent, the FNL of TNC also contributed to survival. Taken together, these results suggest that providing MSCs with a nonimmunogenic naturally occurring ECM moiety such as TNC enhances their survival in the presence of death factors, and this advantage occurs via signaling through EGFR primarily and integrins only to a minor extent. This matrix component is proposed to supplement MSC delivery on the scaffolds to provide a survival advantage against death upon in vivo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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32
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O'Day DH, Huber RJ. Matricellular signal transduction involving calmodulin in the social amoebozoan dictyostelium. Genes (Basel) 2013; 4:33-45. [PMID: 24705101 PMCID: PMC3899956 DOI: 10.3390/genes4010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The social amoebozoan Dictyostelium discoideum undergoes a developmental sequence wherein an extracellular matrix (ECM) sheath surrounds a group of differentiating cells. This sheath is comprised of proteins and carbohydrates, like the ECM of mammalian tissues. One of the characterized ECM proteins is the cysteine-rich, EGF-like (EGFL) repeat-containing, calmodulin (CaM)-binding protein (CaMBP) CyrA. The first EGFL repeat of CyrA increases the rate of random cell motility and cyclic AMP-mediated chemotaxis. Processing of full-length CyrA (~63 kDa) releases two major EGFL repeat-containing fragments (~45 kDa and ~40 kDa) in an event that is developmentally regulated. Evidence for an EGFL repeat receptor also exists and downstream intracellular signaling pathways involving CaM, Ras, protein kinase A and vinculin B phosphorylation have been characterized. In total, these results identify CyrA as a true matricellular protein comparable in function to tenascin C and other matricellular proteins from mammalian cells. Insight into the regulation and processing of CyrA has also been revealed. CyrA is the first identified extracellular CaMBP in this eukaryotic microbe. In keeping with this, extracellular CaM (extCaM) has been shown to be present in the ECM sheath where it binds to CyrA and inhibits its cleavage to release the 45 kDa and 40 kDa EGFL repeat-containing fragments. The presence of extCaM and its role in regulating a matricellular protein during morphogenesis extends our understanding of CaM-mediated signal transduction in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danton H O'Day
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Robert J Huber
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Huber RJ, O'Day DH. A matricellular protein and EGF-like repeat signalling in the social amoebozoan Dictyostelium discoideum. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3989-97. [PMID: 22782112 PMCID: PMC11115030 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matricellular proteins interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and modulate cellular processes by binding to cell surface receptors and initiating intracellular signal transduction. Their association with the ECM and the ability of some members of this protein family to regulate cell motility have opened up new avenues of research to investigate their functions in normal and diseased cells. In this review, we summarize the research on CyrA, an ECM calmodulin-binding protein in Dictyostelium. CyrA is proteolytically cleaved into smaller EGF-like (EGFL) repeat containing cleavage products during development. The first EGFL repeat of CyrA binds to the cell surface and activates a novel signalling pathway that modulates cell motility in this model organism. The similarity of CyrA to the most well-characterized matricellular proteins in mammals allows it to be designated as the first matricellular protein identified in Dictyostelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada,
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Melanoma cell invasiveness is promoted at least in part by the epidermal growth factor-like repeats of tenascin-C. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 133:210-20. [PMID: 22951722 PMCID: PMC3519964 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC), overexpressed in invasive growths, has been implicated in progression of melanoma but the source and function of this molecule are not well defined. We found TNC expression at the front of invading melanoma cells, and that adding TNC to matrices enhances individual melanoma cell migration. As TNC is a multidomain protein, we examined the role of the TNC EGF-like repeats (EGFL) as these activate motogenic signaling cascades. We overexpressed a TNC fragment containing the assembly and EGFL domains of TNC (TNCEGFL). TNCEGFL-expressing melanoma cells had lower speed and persistence in 2D migration assays due to a shift in the adhesion-contractility balance, as expression of TNCEGFL delayed melanoma cell attachment and spreading. The less adhesive phenotype was due, in part, to increased ROCK signaling concomitant with MLC2 and MYPT phosphorylation. Inhibition of ROCK activity, which drives transcellular contractility, restored adhesion of TNCEGFL expressing melanoma cells and increased their migration in 2D. In contrast to the diminished migration in 2D, TNCEGFL-expressing melanoma cells had higher invasive potential in Matrigel invasion assays, with cells expressing TNCEGFL having amoeboid morphology. Our findings suggest that melanoma-derived TNC EGFL play a role in melanoma invasion by modulating ROCK signaling and cell migration.
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35
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Huber RJ, O'Day DH. EGF-like peptide-enhanced cell movement in Dictyostelium is mediated by protein kinases and the activity of several cytoskeletal proteins. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1770-80. [PMID: 22588127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Biomimetic hydrogels for controlled biomolecule delivery to augment bone regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1078-89. [PMID: 22465487 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The regeneration of large bone defects caused by trauma or disease remains a significant clinical problem. Although osteoinductive growth factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins have entered clinics, transplantation of autologous bone remains the gold standard to treat bone defects. The effective treatment of bone defects by protein therapeutics in humans requires quantities that exceed the physiological doses by several orders of magnitude. This not only results in very high treatment costs but also bears considerable risks for adverse side effects. These issues have motivated the development of biomaterials technologies allowing to better control biomolecule delivery from the solid phase. Here we review recent approaches to immobilize biomolecules by affinity binding or by covalent grafting to biomaterial matrices. We focus on biomaterials concepts that are inspired by extracellular matrix (ECM) biology and in particular the dynamic interaction of growth factors with the ECM. We highlight the value of synthetic, ECM-mimicking matrices for future technologies to study bone biology and develop the next generation of 'smart' implants.
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37
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Brizzi MF, Tarone G, Defilippi P. Extracellular matrix, integrins, and growth factors as tailors of the stem cell niche. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2012; 24:645-51. [PMID: 22898530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that integrins, the major receptors for the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, exert an extensive crosstalk with many growth factor and cytokine receptors. Among them, growth factor receptors, such as the EGFR, MET, PDGFR and VEGFR, and the IL-3 receptor have been shown to be physically and functionally associated to integrins. The connection between integrins and other transmembrane receptors is bidirectional, integrins being essential for receptor signalling, and receptors being involved in regulation of integrin expression or activation. Moreover, there is accumulating evidence for direct binding of specific growth factors and morphogens to the ECM proteins, suggesting that ECM might spatially integrate different types of signals in a specific microenvironment, facilitating integrin/transmembrane receptors connection. These interactions are crucial in controlling a variety of cell behaviours including proliferation, survival and differentiation. The increasing interest for cell therapy in regenerative medicine has recently emphasized the role of cell-ECM adhesion as stem cell determinant. The relevance of ECM, integrins and growth factor receptor network in the establishment of stem cell niche, in maintenance of stem cells and in their differentiation will be analyzed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felice Brizzi
- Università degli Studi di Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Torino, Italy
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38
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Matsuoka K, Matsuzaka K, Yoshinari M, Inoue T. Tenascin-C promotes differentiation of rat dental pulp cellsin vitro. Int Endod J 2012; 46:30-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Yoshinari
- Oral Health Science Center HRC7; Tokyo Dental College; Chiba, Tokyo; and; Japan
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39
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Rodrigues M, Turner O, Stolz D, Griffith LG, Wells A. Production of reactive oxygen species by multipotent stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells upon exposure to fas ligand. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:2171-87. [PMID: 22526333 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x639035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) can be differentiated into osteoblasts and chondrocytes, making these cells candidates to regenerate cranio-facial injuries and lesions in long bones. A major problem with cell replacement therapy, however, is the loss of transplanted MSCs at the site of graft. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nonspecific inflammation generated at the ischemic site have been hypothesized to lead to MSCs loss; studies in vitro show MSCs dying both in the presence of ROS or cytokines like FasL. We questioned whether MSCs themselves may be the source of these death inducers, specifically whether MSCs produce ROS under cytokine challenge. On treating MSCs with FasL, we observed increased ROS production within 2 h, leading to apoptotic death after 6 h of exposure to the cytokine. N-acetyl cysteine, an antioxidant, is able to protect MSCs from FasL-induced ROS production and subsequent ROS-dependent apoptosis, though the MSCs eventually succumb to ROS-independent death signaling. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a cell survival factor, is able to protect cells from FasL-induced ROS production initially; however, the protective effect wanes with continued FasL exposure. In parallel, FasL induces upregulation of the uncoupling protein UCP2, the main uncoupling protein in MSCs, which is not abrogated by EGF; however, the production of ROS is followed by a delayed apoptotic cell death despite moderation by UCP2. FasL-induced ROS activates the stress-induced MAPK pathways JNK and p38MAPK as well as ERK, along with the activation of Bad, a proapoptotic protein, and suppression of survivin, an antiapoptotic protein; the latter two key modulators of the mitochondrial death pathway. FasL by itself also activates its canonical extrinsic death pathway noted by a time-dependent degradation of c-FLIP and activation of caspase 8. These data suggest that MSCs participate in their own demise due to nonspecific inflammation, holding implications for replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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40
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Nikolaeva I, Huber RJ, O'Day DH. EGF-like peptide of Dictyostelium discoideum is not a chemoattractant but it does restore folate-mediated chemotaxis in the presence of signal transduction inhibitors. Peptides 2012; 34:145-9. [PMID: 22234048 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic EGF-like (EGFL) peptide (DdEGFL1), equivalent to the first EGFL domain in the extracellular matrix protein CyrA, has previously been shown to enhance random cell motility and cAMP-mediated chemotaxis in Dictyostelium discoideum. However the role of DdEGFL1 as a potential chemoattractant had not been addressed. In this study, a micropipette assay and an under-agarose migration assay showed that DdEGFL1 is not a chemoattractant for Dictyostelium cells. A radial bioassay was used to show that DdEGFL1 does not significantly enhance folate-mediated chemotaxis in contrast to its chemokinetic effect during chemotaxis toward cAMP. However, DdEGFL1 was able to rescue chemotaxis toward folate when the pathway was inhibited by pharmacological agents that inhibit known components of the signaling cascade (e.g. phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phospholipase A2, tyrosine kinases, and calmodulin). These data suggest that DdEGFL1 may activate a novel motility pathway that when coupled with folic acid receptor activation, can maintain the normal migratory response to folic acid in vegetative cells. Together, this data provides new insight into the function of EGFL repeats during Dictyostelium chemotaxis and the existence of a novel motility pathway regulated by EGFL peptides and/or repeats in this model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Nikolaeva
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
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41
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Huber RJ, Suarez A, O'Day DH. CyrA, a matricellular protein that modulates cell motility in Dictyostelium discoideum. Matrix Biol 2012; 31:271-80. [PMID: 22391412 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CyrA, an extracellular matrix (slime sheath), calmodulin (CaM)-binding protein in Dictyostelium discoideum, possesses four tandem EGF-like repeats in its C-terminus and is proteolytically cleaved during asexual development. A previous study reported the expression and localization of CyrA cleavage products CyrA-C45 and CyrA-C40. In this study, an N-terminal antibody was produced that detected the full-length 63kDa protein (CyrA-C63). Western blot analyses showed that the intracellular expression of CyrA-C63 peaked between 12 and 16h of development, consistent with the time that cells are developing into a motile, multicellular slug. CyrA immunolocalization and CyrA-GFP showed that the protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, particularly its perinuclear component. CyrA-C63 secretion began shortly after the onset of starvation peaking between 8 and 16h of development. A pharmacological analysis showed that CyrA-C63 secretion was dependent on intracellular Ca(2+) release and active CaM, PI3K, and PLA2. CyrA-C63 bound to CaM both intra- and extracellularly and both proteins were detected in the slime sheath deposited by migrating slugs. In keeping with its purported function, CyrA-GFP over-expression enhanced cAMP-mediated chemotaxis and CyrA-C45 was detected in vinculin B (VinB)-GFP immunoprecipitates, thus providing a link between the increase in chemotaxis and a specific cytoskeletal component. Finally, DdEGFL1-FITC was detected on the membranes of cells capped with concanavalin A suggesting that a receptor exists for this peptide sequence. Together with previous studies, the data presented here suggests that CyrA is a bona fide matricellular protein in D. discoideum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5.
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42
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Karus M, Denecke B, ffrench-Constant C, Wiese S, Faissner A. The extracellular matrix molecule tenascin C modulates expression levels and territories of key patterning genes during spinal cord astrocyte specification. Development 2011; 138:5321-31. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.067413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of astrocytes during the development of the mammalian spinal cord is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin C regulates the expression of key patterning genes during late embryonic spinal cord development, leading to a timely maturation of gliogenic neural precursor cells. We first show that tenascin C is expressed by gliogenic neural precursor cells during late embryonic development. The loss of tenascin C leads to a sustained generation and delayed migration of Fgfr3-expressing immature astrocytes in vivo. Consistent with an increased generation of astroglial cells, we documented an increased number of GFAP-positive astrocytes at later stages. Mechanistically, we could demonstrate an upregulation and domain shift of the patterning genes Nkx6.1 and Nkx2.2 in vivo. In addition, sulfatase 1, a known downstream target of Nkx2.2 in the ventral spinal cord, was also upregulated. Sulfatase 1 regulates growth factor signalling by cleaving sulphate residues from heparan sulphate proteoglycans. Consistent with this function, we observed changes in both FGF2 and EGF responsiveness of spinal cord neural precursor cells. Taken together, our data implicate Tnc in the regulation of proliferation and lineage progression of astroglial progenitors in specific domains of the developing spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karus
- Department for Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Charles ffrench-Constant
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis Society Translational Research Centre, Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Stefan Wiese
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Group for Molecular Cell Biology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department for Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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43
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Jay SM, Kurtagic E, Alvarez LM, de Picciotto S, Sanchez E, Hawkins JF, Prince RN, Guerrero Y, Treasure CL, Lee RT, Griffith LG. Engineered bivalent ligands to bias ErbB receptor-mediated signaling and phenotypes. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:27729-40. [PMID: 21622572 PMCID: PMC3149363 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.221093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ErbB receptor family is dysregulated in many cancers, and its therapeutic manipulation by targeted antibodies and kinase inhibitors has resulted in effective chemotherapies. However, many malignancies remain refractory to current interventions. We describe a new approach that directs ErbB receptor interactions, resulting in biased signaling and phenotypes. Due to known receptor-ligand affinities and the necessity of ErbB receptors to dimerize to signal, bivalent ligands, formed by the synthetic linkage of two neuregulin-1β (NRG) moieties, two epidermal growth factor (EGF) moieties, or an EGF and a NRG moiety, can potentially drive homotypic receptor interactions and diminish formation of HER2-containing heterodimers, which are implicated in many malignancies and are a prevalent outcome of stimulation by native, monovalent EGF, or NRG. We demonstrate the therapeutic potential of this approach by showing that bivalent NRG (NN) can bias signaling in HER3-expressing cancer cells, resulting in some cases in decreased migration, inhibited proliferation, and increased apoptosis, whereas native NRG stimulation increased the malignant potential of the same cells. Hence, this new approach may have therapeutic relevance in ovarian, breast, lung, and other cancers in which HER3 has been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Jay
- From the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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44
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Suarez A, Huber RJ, Myre MA, O'Day DH. An extracellular matrix, calmodulin-binding protein from Dictyostelium with EGF-like repeats that enhance cell motility. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1197-206. [PMID: 21402150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CyrA is a novel cysteine-rich protein with four EGFL repeats that was isolated using the calmodulin (CaM) binding overlay technique (CaMBOT), suggesting it is a CaM-binding protein (CaMBP). The full-length 63kDa cyrA is cleaved into two major C-terminal fragments, cyrA-C45 and cyrA-C40. A putative CaM-binding domain was detected and both CaM-agarose binding and CaM immunoprecipitation verified that cyrA-C45 and cyrA-C40 each bind to CaM in both a Ca(2+)-dependent and -independent manner. cyrA-C45 was present continuously throughout growth and development but was secreted at high levels during the multicellular slug stage of Dictyostelium development. At this time, cyrA localizes to the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM purification verified the presence of cyrA-C45. An 18 amino acid peptide (DdEGFL1) from the first EGFL repeat sequence of cyrA (EGFL1) that is present in both cyrA-C45 and -C40 enhances both random cell motility and cAMP-mediated chemotaxis. Here we reveal that the dose-dependent enhancement of motility by DdEGFL1 is related to the time of cell starvation. Addition of DdEGFL1 also inhibits cyrA proteolysis. The status of cyrA as an extracellular CaMBP was further clarified by the demonstration that CaM is secreted during development. Antagonism of CaM with W7 resulted in enhanced cyrA proteolysis suggesting a functional role for extracellular CaM in protecting CaMBPs from proteolysis. cyrA is the first extracellular CaMBP identified in Dictyostelium and since it is an ECM protein with EGF-like repeats that enhance cell motility and it likely also represents the first matricellular protein identified in a lower eukaryote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Suarez
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Yates CC, Bodnar R, Wells A. Matrix control of scarring. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:1871-81. [PMID: 21390544 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Repair of wounds usually results in restoration of organ function, even if suboptimal. However, in a minority of situations, the healing process leads to significant scarring that hampers homeostasis and leaves the tissue compromised. This scar is characterized by an excess of matrix deposition that remains poorly organized and weakened. While we know much of the early stages of the repair process, the transition to wound resolution that limits scar formation is poorly understood. This is particularly true of the inducers of scar formation. Here, we present a hypothesis that it is the matrix itself that is a primary driver of scar, rather than being simply the result of other cellular dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecelia C Yates
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Wells A, Chao YL, Grahovac J, Wu Q, Lauffenburger DA. Epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypic switchings modulate cell motility in metastasis. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2011; 16:815-37. [PMID: 21196205 DOI: 10.2741/3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The most ominous stage of cancer progression is metastasis, or the dissemination of carcinoma cells from the primary site into distant organs. Metastases are often resistant to current extirpative therapies and even the newest biological agents cure only a small subset of patients. Therefore a greater understanding of tumor biology that integrates properties intrinsic to carcinomas with tissue environmental modulators of behavior is needed. In no aspect of tumor progression is this more evident than the acquisition of cell motility that is critical for both escape from the primary tumor and colonization. In this overview, we discuss how this behavior is modified by carcinoma cell phenotypic plasticity that is evidenced by reversible switching between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes. The presence or absence of intercellular adhesions mediate these switches and dictate the receptivity towards signals from the extracellular milieu. These signals, which include soluble growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix embedded with matrikines and matricryptines will be discussed in depth. Finally, we will describe a new mode of discerning the balance between epithelioid and mesenchymal movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh VAMC and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Huber R, O'Day DH. EGF-like peptide-enhanced cell motility in Dictyostelium functions independently of the cAMP-mediated pathway and requires active Ca2+/calmodulin signaling. Cell Signal 2010; 23:731-8. [PMID: 21195758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current knowledge suggests that cell movement in the eukaryotic slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is mediated by different signaling pathways involving a number of redundant components. Our previous research has identified a specific motility-enhancing function for epidermal growth factor-like (EGFL) repeats in Dictyostelium, specifically for the EGFL repeats of cyrA, a matricellular, calmodulin (CaM)-binding protein in Dictyostelium. Using mutants of cAMP signaling (carA(-), carC(-), gpaB(-), gpbA(-)), the endogenous calcium (Ca(2+)) release inhibitor TMB-8, the CaM antagonist W-7, and a radial motility bioassay, we show that DdEGFL1, a synthetic peptide whose sequence is obtained from the first EGFL repeat of cyrA, functions independently of the cAMP-mediated signaling pathways to enhance cell motility through a mechanism involving Ca(2+) signaling, CaM, and RasG. We show that DdEGFL1 increases the amounts of polymeric myosin II heavy chain and actin in the cytoskeleton by 24.1±10.7% and 25.9±2.1% respectively and demonstrate a link between Ca(2+)/CaM signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics. Finally, our findings suggest that carA and carC mediate a brake mechanism during chemotaxis since DdEGFL1 enhanced the movement of carA(-)/carC(-) cells by 844±136% compared to only 106±6% for parental DH1 cells. Based on our data, this signaling pathway also appears to involve the G-protein β subunit, RasC, RasGEFA, and protein kinase B. Together, our research provides insight into the functionality of EGFL repeats in Dictyostelium and the signaling pathways regulating cell movement in this model organism. It also identifies several mechanistic components of DdEGFL1-enhanced cell movement, which may ultimately provide a model system for understanding EGFL repeat function in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Huber
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, 25 Harbord Street, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Barrenschee M, Lex D, Uhlig S. Effects of the TLR2 agonists MALP-2 and Pam3Cys in isolated mouse lungs. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13889. [PMID: 21124967 PMCID: PMC2987752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are main causes of pneumonia or acute lung injury. They are recognized by the innate immune system via toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) or TLR4, respectively. Among all organs, the lungs have the highest expression of TLR2 receptors, but little is known about the pulmonary consequences of their activation. Here we studied the effects of the TLR2/6 agonist MALP-2, the TLR2/1 agonist Pam3Cys and the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on pro-inflammatory responses in isolated lungs. Methodology/Principal Findings Isolated perfused mouse lungs were perfused for 60 min or 180 min with MALP-2 (25 ng/mL), Pam3Cys (160 ng/mL) or LPS (1 µg/mL). We studied mediator release by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT/protein kinase B by immunoblotting, and gene induction by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. All agonists activated the MAPK ERK1/2 and p38, but neither JNK or AKT kinase. The TLR ligands upregulated the inflammation related genes Tnf, Il1β, Il6, Il10, Il12, Ifng, Cxcl2 (MIP-2α) and Ptgs2. MALP-2 was more potent than Pam3Cys in inducing Slpi, Cxcl10 (IP10) and Parg. Remarkable was the strong induction of Tnc by MALP2, which was not seen with Pam3Cys or LPS. The growth factor related genes Areg and Hbegf were not affected. In addition, all three TLR agonists stimulated the release of IL-6, TNF, CXCL2 and CXCL10 protein from the lungs. Conclusions/Significance TLR2 and TLR4 activation leads to similar reactions in the lungs regarding MAPK activation, gene induction and mediator release. Several genes studied here have not yet been appreciated as targets of TLR2-activation in the lungs before, i.e., Slpi, tenascin C, Parg and Traf1. In addition, the MALP-2 dependent induction of Tnc may indicate the existence of TLR2/6-specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Barrenschee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dennis Lex
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Rodrigues M, Griffith LG, Wells A. Growth factor regulation of proliferation and survival of multipotential stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2010; 1:32. [PMID: 20977782 PMCID: PMC2983445 DOI: 10.1186/scrt32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) have been touted to provide an alternative to conservative procedures of therapy, be it heart transplants, bone reconstruction, kidney grafts, or skin, neuronal and cartilage repair. A wide gap exists, however, between the number of MSCs that can be obtained from the donor site and the number of MSCs needed for implantation to regenerate tissue. Standard methods of MSC expansion being followed in laboratories are not fully suitable due to time and age-related constraints for autologous therapies, and transplant issues leave questions for allogenic therapies. Beyond these issues of sufficient numbers, there also exists a problem of MSC survival at the graft. Experiments in small animals have shown that MSCs do not persist well in the graft environment. Either there is no incorporation into the host tissue, or, if there is incorporation, most of the cells are lost within a month. The use of growth and other trophic factors may be helpful in counteracting these twin issues of MSC expansion and death. Growth factors are known to influence cell proliferation, motility, survival and morphogenesis. In the case of MSCs, it would be beneficial that the growth factor does not induce differentiation at an early stage since the number of early-differentiating progenitors would be very low. The present review looks at the effect of and downstream signaling of various growth factors on proliferation and survival in MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, S713 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA.
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-C is highly expressed during embryonic development, tissue repair and in pathological situations such as chronic inflammation and cancer. Tenascin-C interacts with several other extracellular matrix molecules and cell-surface receptors, thus affecting tissue architecture, tissue resilience and cell responses. Tenascin-C modulates cell migration, proliferation and cellular signaling through induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oncogenic signaling molecules amongst other mechanisms. Given the causal role of inflammation in cancer progression, common mechanisms might be controlled by tenascin-C during both events. Drugs targeting the expression or function of tenascin-C or the tenascin-C protein itself are currently being developed and some drugs have already reached advanced clinical trials. This generates hope that increased knowledge about tenascin-C will further improve management of diseases with high tenascin-C expression such as chronic inflammation, heart failure, artheriosclerosis and cancer.
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