1
|
Sneyers F, Speelman-Rooms F, Verhelst SHL, Bootman MD, Bultynck G. Cellular effects of BAPTA: Are they only about Ca 2+ chelation? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119589. [PMID: 37739271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signals play a vital role in a broad range of cell biological and physiological processes in all eukaryotic cell types. Dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling has been implicated in numerous human diseases. Over the past four decades, the understanding of how cells use Ca2+ as a messenger has flourished, largely because of the development of reporters that enable visualization of Ca2+ signals in different cellular compartments, and tools that can modulate cellular Ca2+ signaling. One such tool that is frequently used is BAPTA; a fast, high-affinity Ca2+-chelating molecule. By making use of a cell-permeable acetoxymethyl ester (AM) variant, BAPTA can be readily loaded into the cytosol of cells (referred to as BAPTAi), where it is trapped and able to buffer changes in cytosolic Ca2+. Due to the ease of loading of the AM version of BAPTA, this reagent has been used in hundreds of studies to probe the role of Ca2+ signaling in specific processes. As such, for decades, researchers have almost universally attributed changes in biological processes caused by BAPTAi to the involvement of Ca2+ signaling. However, BAPTAi has often been used without any form of control, and in many cases has neither been shown to be retained in cells for the duration of experiments nor to buffer any Ca2+ signals. Moreover, increasing evidence points to off-target cellular effects of BAPTA that are clearly not related to Ca2+ chelation. Here, we briefly introduce Ca2+ signaling and the history of Ca2+ chelators and fluorescent Ca2+ indicators. We highlight Ca2+-independent effects of BAPTAi on a broad range of molecular targets and describe some of BAPTAi's impacts on cell functions that occur independently of its Ca2+-chelating properties. Finally, we propose strategies for determining whether Ca2+ chelation, the binding of other metal ions, or off-target interactions with cell components are responsible for BAPTAi's effect on a particular process and suggest some future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flore Sneyers
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Femke Speelman-Rooms
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Herestraat 49 box 901b, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven H L Verhelst
- KU Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Herestraat 49 box 901b, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin D Bootman
- The Open University, Cancer Research Group, School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Dep. Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen B, Yu P, Chan WN, Xie F, Zhang Y, Liang L, Leung KT, Lo KW, Yu J, Tse GMK, Kang W, To KF. Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:6. [PMID: 38169461 PMCID: PMC10761908 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease development. Extensive research suggests zinc's involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells, despite its low tissue concentration. This has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc's cellular metabolism, particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer progression. Zinc transportation is under the control of two major transporter families: SLC30 (ZnT) for the excretion of zinc and SLC39 (ZIP) for the zinc intake. Additionally, the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins (MTs). This review consolidates knowledge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathways linking zinc metabolism to disease progression, with a special focus on cancer. We also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc ions. Given the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane, the potential for targeted therapies, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, offers promising avenues for future exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuda Xie
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rakshit A, Holtzen SE, Lo MN, Conway KA, Palmer AE. Human cells experience a Zn 2+ pulse in early G1. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112656. [PMID: 37330912 PMCID: PMC10592493 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential micronutrient required for all domains of life. Cells maintain zinc homeostasis using a network of transporters, buffers, and transcription factors. Zinc is required for mammalian cell proliferation, and zinc homeostasis is remodeled during the cell cycle, but whether labile zinc changes in naturally cycling cells has not been established. We use genetically encoded fluorescent reporters, long-term time-lapse imaging, and computational tools to track labile zinc over the cell cycle in response to changes in growth media zinc and knockdown of the zinc-regulatory transcription factor MTF-1. Cells experience a pulse of labile zinc in early G1, whose magnitude varies with zinc in growth media. Knockdown of MTF-1 increases labile zinc and the zinc pulse. Our results suggest that cells need a minimum zinc pulse to proliferate and that if labile zinc levels are too high, cells pause proliferation until labile cellular zinc is lowered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Rakshit
- Department of Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Samuel E Holtzen
- Department of Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Maria N Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Kylie A Conway
- Department of Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Amy E Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, 3415 Colorado Avenue, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cabeza JP, Cámera J, Briski O, Felipe MY, Salamone DF, Gambini A. Preimplantation Developmental Competence of Bovine and Porcine Oocytes Activated by Zinc Chelation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243560. [PMID: 36552480 PMCID: PMC9774810 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
After sperm-oocyte fusion, intracytoplasmic rises of calcium (Ca) induce the release of zinc (Zn) out of the oocyte (Zn sparks). Both phenomena are known to play an essential role in the oocyte activation process. Our work aimed to explore different protocols for activating bovine and porcine oocytes using the novel zinc chelator 1,10-phenanthroline (PHEN) and to compare developmental rates and quality to bovine IVF and parthenogenetic ionomycin-induced embryos in both species. Different incubation conditions for the zinc chelator were tested, including its combination with ionomycin. Embryo quality was assessed by immunofluorescence of SOX2, SOX17, OCT4, and CDX2 and total cell number at the blastocyst stage. Even though blastocyst development was achieved using a zinc chelator in bovine, bypassing calcium oscillations, developmental rates, and blastocyst quality were compromised compared to embryos generated with sperm-induced or ionomycin calcium rise. On the contrary, zinc chelation is sufficient to trigger oocyte activation in porcine. Additionally, we determined the optimal exposure to PHEN for this species. Zinc chelation and artificial induction of calcium rise combined did not improve developmental competence. Our results contribute to understanding the role of zinc during oocyte activation and preimplantation embryo development across different mammalian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. Cabeza
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Juan Cámera
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Olinda Briski
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Minerva Yauri Felipe
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Daniel F. Salamone
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Andrés Gambini
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mostafa S, Nader N, Machaca K. Lipid Signaling During Gamete Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:814876. [PMID: 36204680 PMCID: PMC9531329 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.814876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell lipids are differentially distributed in distinct organelles and within the leaflets of the bilayer. They can further form laterally defined sub-domains within membranes with important signaling functions. This molecular and spatial complexity offers optimal platforms for signaling with the associated challenge of dissecting these pathways especially that lipid metabolism tends to be highly interconnected. Lipid signaling has historically been implicated in gamete function, however the detailed signaling pathways involved remain obscure. In this review we focus on oocyte and sperm maturation in an effort to consolidate current knowledge of the role of lipid signaling and set the stage for future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Mostafa
- Medical Program, WCMQ, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nancy Nader
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar (WCMQ), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar (WCMQ), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Khaled Machaca,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Recurrent spontaneous oocyte activation causes female infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:675-680. [PMID: 35156150 PMCID: PMC8995232 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Spontaneous oocyte activation (SOA) is a recently classified phenomenon characterized by the presence of a single pronucleus immediately following oocyte retrieval, without the apparent involvement of sperm. SOA currently remains poorly understood in humans, with no clear genetic or pathological factor(s). Herein, we report two separate cases of recurrent spontaneous oocyte activation, investigating potential avenues to identify causative etiology. METHODS Two patients with several cycles with SOA have undergone further genetic and embryologic investigation to reveal underlying causes for SOA and provide a treatment if possible. RESULTS One case was a patient with recurrent pregnancy loss and the other was diagnosed as unexplained infertility. In the first case, 61 out of 69 oocytes retrieved exhibited SOA in five cycles while in the second case 44 out of 49 oocytes exhibited SOA in five cycles. Oocytes were injected with sperm; embryo development and presence of paternal contribution were investigated. No pregnancy is ensued following embryo transfer in both patients. Time-lapse imaging of embryogenesis from the second case did not reveal even momentary second pronucleus appearance. We also performed clinical whole exome sequencing for both patients but did not identify any disease-causing variant. CONCLUSION Patients with SOA suffer from infertility. Our results indicate that more investigation is required to understand the etiology of SOA in humans concentrating on the molecular mechanisms that underpin regulation of oocyte activation and calcium dynamics need to be investigated to fully understand, and perhaps in the future rectify, recurrent SOA.
Collapse
|
7
|
Garner TB, Hester JM, Carothers A, Diaz FJ. Role of zinc in female reproduction. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:976-994. [PMID: 33598687 PMCID: PMC8599883 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a critical component in a number of conserved processes that regulate female germ cell growth, fertility, and pregnancy. During follicle development, a sufficient intracellular concentration of zinc in the oocyte maintains meiotic arrest at prophase I until the germ cell is ready to undergo maturation. An adequate supply of zinc is necessary for the oocyte to form a fertilization-competent egg as dietary zinc deficiency or chelation of zinc disrupts maturation and reduces the oocyte quality. Following sperm fusion to the egg to initiate the acrosomal reaction, a quick release of zinc, known as the zinc spark, induces egg activation in addition to facilitating zona pellucida hardening and reducing sperm motility to prevent polyspermy. Symmetric division, proliferation, and differentiation of the preimplantation embryo rely on zinc availability, both during the oocyte development and post-fertilization. Further, the fetal contribution to the placenta, fetal limb growth, and neural tube development are hindered in females challenged with zinc deficiency during pregnancy. In this review, we discuss the role of zinc in germ cell development, fertilization, and pregnancy with a focus on recent studies in mammalian females. We further detail the fundamental zinc-mediated reproductive processes that have only been explored in non-mammalian species and speculate on the role of zinc in similar mechanisms of female mammals. The evidence collected over the last decade highlights the necessity of zinc for normal fertility and healthy pregnancy outcomes, which suggests zinc supplementation should be considered for reproductive age women at risk of zinc deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Bruce Garner
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Integrative and Biomedical Physiology Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - James Malcolm Hester
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Integrative and Biomedical Physiology Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Allison Carothers
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Integrative and Biomedical Physiology Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Francisco J Diaz
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Integrative and Biomedical Physiology Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bilde K, Olesen RH, Ernst EH, Mamsen LS, Amoushahi M, Lykke-Hartmann K, Ernst E, Larsen A. Reduced hepatic metallothionein expression in first trimester fetuses in response to intrauterine smoking exposure: a consequence of low maternal zinc levels? Hum Reprod 2020; 34:2129-2143. [PMID: 31713610 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does maternal smoking in early pregnancy affect metallothionein 1 and 2 (MT1 and MT2) mRNA and protein expression in first trimester placenta or embryonic/fetal liver? SUMMARY ANSWER In the first trimester, MT protein expression is seen only in liver, where smoking is associated with a significantly reduced expression. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Zinc homeostasis is altered by smoking. Smoking induces MT in the blood of smokers properly as a result of the cadmium binding capacities of MT. In term placenta MT is present and smoking induces gene and protein expression (MT2 in particular), but the MT presence and response to smoking have never been examined in first trimester placenta or embryonic/fetal tissues. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Cross sectional study where the presence of MT mRNA and protein was examined at the time of the abortion. The material was collected with informed consent after surgical intervention and frozen immediately. For protein expression analysis, liver tissue originating from smoking exposed n = 10 and unexposed n = 12 pregnancies was used. For mRNA expression analyses, placental tissue originating from smokers n = 19 and non-smokers n = 23 and fetal liver tissue from smoking exposed n = 16 and smoking unexposed pregnancies n = 13, respectively, were used. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Tissues were obtained from women who voluntarily and legally chose to terminate their pregnancy between gestational week 6 and 12. Western blot was used to determine the protein expression of MT, and real-time PCR was used to quantify the mRNA expression of MT2A and eight MT1 genes alongside the expression of key placental zinc transporters: zinc transporter protein-1 (ZNT1), Zrt-, Irt-related protein-8 and -14 (ZIP8 and ZIP14). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A significant reduction in the protein expression of MT1/2 in liver tissue (P = 0.023) was found by western blot using antibodies detecting both MT forms. Overall, a similar tendency was observed on the mRNA level although not statistically significant. Protein expression was not present in placenta, but the mRNA regulation suggested a down regulation of MT as well. A suggested mechanism based on the known role of MT in zinc homeostasis could be that the findings reflect reduced levels of easily accessible zinc in the blood of pregnant smokers and hence a reduced MT response in smoking exposed fetal/embryonic tissues. LIMITATIONS AND REASONS FOR CAUTION Smoking was based on self-reports; however, our previous studies have shown high consistency regarding cotinine residues and smoking status. Passive smoking could interfere but was found mainly among smokers. The number of fetuses was limited, and other factors such as medication and alcohol might affect the findings. Information on alcohol was not consistently obtained, and we cannot exclude that it was more readily obtained from non-users. In the study, alcohol consumption was reported by a limited number (less than 1 out of 5) of women but with more smokers consuming alcohol. However, the alcohol consumption reported was typically limited to one or few times low doses. The interaction between alcohol and smoking is discussed in the paper. Notably we would have liked to measure zinc status to test our hypothesis, but maternal blood samples were not available. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Zinc deficiency-in particular severe zinc deficiency-can affect pregnancy outcome and growth. Our findings indicate that zinc homeostasis is also affected in early pregnancy of smokers, and we know from pilot studies that even among women who want to keep their babies, the zinc status is low. Our findings support that zinc supplements should be considered in particular to women who smoke. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) We thank the Department of Biomedicine for providing laboratory facilities and laboratory technicians and the Lundbeck Foundation and Læge Sofus Carl Emil Friis og Hustru Olga Doris Friis Legat for financial support. The authors have no competing interests to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Bilde
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rasmus H Olesen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Emil H Ernst
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herning Regional Hospital, 7400 Herning, Denmark
| | - Linn S Mamsen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Karin Lykke-Hartmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Erik Ernst
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regionshospitalet Horsens, 8700 Horsens, Denmark
| | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wozniak KL, Bainbridge RE, Summerville DW, Tembo M, Phelps WA, Sauer ML, Wisner BW, Czekalski ME, Pasumarthy S, Hanson ML, Linderman MB, Luu CH, Boehm ME, Sanders SM, Buckley KM, Bain DJ, Nicotra ML, Lee MT, Carlson AE. Zinc protection of fertilized eggs is an ancient feature of sexual reproduction in animals. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000811. [PMID: 32735558 PMCID: PMC7423145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the earliest and most prevalent barriers to successful reproduction is polyspermy, or fertilization of an egg by multiple sperm. To prevent these supernumerary fertilizations, eggs have evolved multiple mechanisms. It has recently been proposed that zinc released by mammalian eggs at fertilization may block additional sperm from entering. Here, we demonstrate that eggs from amphibia and teleost fish also release zinc. Using Xenopus laevis as a model, we document that zinc reversibly blocks fertilization. Finally, we demonstrate that extracellular zinc similarly disrupts early embryonic development in eggs from diverse phyla, including Cnidaria, Echinodermata, and Chordata. Our study reveals that a fundamental strategy protecting human eggs from fertilization by multiple sperm may have evolved more than 650 million years ago.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Wozniak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rachel E. Bainbridge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dominique W. Summerville
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maiwase Tembo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Wesley A. Phelps
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Monica L. Sauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bennett W. Wisner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Madelyn E. Czekalski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Srikavya Pasumarthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Meghan L. Hanson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Melania B. Linderman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Catherine H. Luu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Madison E. Boehm
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Sanders
- Department of Surgery and Immunology, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, and Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katherine M. Buckley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Bain
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Nicotra
- Department of Surgery and Immunology, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, and Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Miler T. Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anne E. Carlson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Elitt CM, Fahrni CJ, Rosenberg PA. Zinc homeostasis and zinc signaling in white matter development and injury. Neurosci Lett 2019; 707:134247. [PMID: 31059767 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential dietary micronutrient that is abundant in the brain with diverse roles in development, injury, and neurological diseases. With new imaging tools and chelators selectively targeting zinc, the field of zinc biology is rapidly expanding. The importance of zinc homeostasis is now well recognized in neurodegeneration, but there is emerging data that zinc may be equally important in white matter disorders. This review provides an overview of zinc biology, including a discussion of clinical disorders of zinc deficiency, different zinc pools, zinc biomarkers, and methods for measuring zinc. It emphasizes our limited understanding of how zinc is regulated in oligodendrocytes and white matter. Gaps in knowledge about zinc transporters and zinc signaling are discussed. Zinc-induced oligodendrocyte injury pathways relevant to white matter stroke, multiple sclerosis, and white matter injury of prematurity are reviewed and examples of zinc-dependent proteins relevant to myelination highlighted. Finally, a novel ratiometric zinc sensor is reviewed, revealing new information about mobile zinc during oligodendrocyte differentiation. With a better understanding of zinc biology in oligodendrocytes, new therapeutic targets for white matter disorders may be possible and the necessary tools to appropriately study zinc are finally available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Elitt
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Christoph J Fahrni
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Paul A Rosenberg
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bourassa D, Gleber SC, Vogt S, Shin CH, Fahrni CJ. MicroXRF tomographic visualization of zinc and iron in the zebrafish embryo at the onset of the hatching period. Metallomics 2017; 8:1122-1130. [PMID: 27531414 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00073h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transition metals such as zinc, copper, and iron play key roles in cellular proliferation, cell differentiation, growth, and development. Over the past decade, advances in synchrotron X-ray fluorescence instrumentation presented new opportunities for the three-dimensional mapping of trace metal distributions within intact specimens. Taking advantage of microXRF tomography, we visualized the 3D distribution of zinc and iron in a zebrafish embryo at the onset of the hatching period. The reconstructed volumetric data revealed distinct differences in the elemental distributions, with zinc predominantly localized to the yolk and yolk extension, and iron to various regions of the brain as well as the myotome extending along the dorsal side of the embryo. The data set complements an earlier tomographic study of an embryo at the pharyngula stage (24 hpf), thus offering new insights into the trace metal distribution at key stages of embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Bourassa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Sophie-Charlotte Gleber
- Advanced Photon Source, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Advanced Photon Source, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Chong Hyun Shin
- School of Biological Sciences and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Christoph J Fahrni
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schaefer-Ramadan S, Hubrack S, Machaca K. Transition metal dependent regulation of the signal transduction cascade driving oocyte meiosis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3164-3175. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Satanay Hubrack
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar; Doha Qatar
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar; Doha Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu W, Hu Z, Wang F, Gu H, Jiang X, Xu J, Zhan X, Zheng D, Zhang Z. Mxi1-0 regulates the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8)-dependent pathways. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178831. [PMID: 28575053 PMCID: PMC5456372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mxi1 plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation. Mxi1-0, a Mxi1 isoform, has a different N-terminal amino acid sequence, intracellular location and expression profile from Mxi1. However, the precise role of Mxi1-0 in cell proliferation and the molecular mechanism underlying its function remain poorly understood. Here, we showed that Mxi1-0 suppression decreased the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) along with cell accumulation in the G2/M phase. Mxi1-0 suppression also significantly decreased the expression and secretion of interleukin (IL-8). Neutralizing IL-8 in conditioned medium (CM) from Mxi1-0-overexpressed HUVECs significantly eliminated CM-induced proliferation of HUVECs. In addition, Mxi1-0 suppression significantly decreased the activity of MAP kinase ERK1/2. Treatment of HUVECs with U0126, an ERK1/2 signaling inhibitor, attenuated autocrine production of IL-8 induced by Mxi1-0 overexpression. On the other hand, Mxi1-0 overexpression-induced IL-8 increased the level of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in HUVECs, and such increasing was diminished in cells incubated with CM, which neutralized with anti-IL-8 antibody. Taken together, our results suggest that Mxi1-0 regulates the growth of HUVECs via the IL-8 and ERK1/2 pathways, which apparently reciprocally activate each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Wu
- Children’s Health Center, The Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Hu
- Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Children’s Health Center, The Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hao Gu
- The Second Clinical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R.China
| | - Xiuqin Jiang
- Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhan
- Center for Vascular and inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Datong Zheng
- Children’s Health Center, The Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- The Second Clinical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R.China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R.China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schaefer-Ramadan S, Bendriss G, Hubrack S, Al-Abdulmalek A, Machaca K. A novel approach to the expression and purification of recombinant Xenopus Cdc25C. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 120:148-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation is affected by metal chlorides. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1124-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
16
|
Lee K, Davis A, Zhang L, Ryu J, Spate LD, Park KW, Samuel MS, Walters EM, Murphy CN, Machaty Z, Prather RS. Pig oocyte activation using a Zn²⁺ chelator, TPEN. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1024-32. [PMID: 26143360 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Artificial oocyte activation is a critical step during SCNT. Most current activation protocols focus on inducing an increase in the intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration of the oocyte. Here, we have used a zinc chelator, TPEN, to enhance the efficiency of oocyte activation during SCNT. TPEN treatment of matured pig oocytes resulted in the reduction of available Zn(2+) in pig oocytes; however, the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration in the oocytes was not affected by the TPEN treatment. When various concentrations (100-250 μM) and incubation durations (45 minutes-2.5 hours) of TPEN were used to activate oocytes, the efficiency of oocyte activation was not different from conventional activation methods. When oocytes that were activated by conventional activation methods were incubated with a lower concentration of TPEN (5-10 μM), a significant increase in embryos developing to the blastocyst stage was observed. In addition, when oocytes receiving a small Ca(2+) stimulus were further activated by higher concentration of TPEN (100-200 μM), a significant increase in the frequency of blastocyst formation was observed, compared to a conventional activation method. This result indicated that TPEN can be a main reagent in oocyte activation. No increase in the cytosolic Ca(2+) level was detected when oocytes were exposed to various concentrations of TPEN, indicating the ability of TPEN to induce oocyte activation is independent of an intracellular Ca(2+) increase. We were able to produce clones through SCNT by using the TPEN-assisted activation procedure, and the piglets produced through the process did not show any signs of abnormality. In this study, we have developed an efficient way to use TPEN to increase the developmental potential of cloned embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiho Lee
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA.
| | - Alyssa Davis
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Junghyun Ryu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA
| | - Lee D Spate
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kwang-Wook Park
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Melissa S Samuel
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Eric M Walters
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Clifton N Murphy
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zoltan Machaty
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fatfat M, Merhi RA, Rahal O, Stoyanovsky DA, Zaki A, Haidar H, Kagan VE, Gali-Muhtasib H, Machaca K. Copper chelation selectively kills colon cancer cells through redox cycling and generation of reactive oxygen species. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:527. [PMID: 25047035 PMCID: PMC4223620 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metals including iron, copper and zinc are essential for physiological processes yet can be toxic at high concentrations. However the role of these metals in the progression of cancer is not well defined. Here we study the anti-tumor activity of the metal chelator, TPEN, and define its mechanism of action. METHODS Multiple approaches were employed, including cell viability, cell cycle analysis, multiple measurements of apoptosis, and mitochondrial function. In addition we measured cellular metal contents and employed EPR to record redox cycling of TPEN-metal complexes. Mouse xenografts were also performed to test the efficacy of TPEN in vivo. RESULTS We show that metal chelation using TPEN (5μM) selectively induces cell death in HCT116 colon cancer cells without affecting the viability of non-cancerous colon or intestinal cells. Cell death was associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and was inhibited by antioxidants and by prior chelation of copper. Interestingly, HCT116 cells accumulate copper to 7-folds higher levels than normal colon cells, and the TPEN-copper complex engages in redox cycling to generate hydroxyl radicals. Consistently, TPEN exhibits robust anti-tumor activity in vivo in colon cancer mouse xenografts. CONCLUSION Our data show that TPEN induces cell death by chelating copper to produce TPEN-copper complexes that engage in redox cycling to selectively eliminate colon cancer cells.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Egg activation is the final transition that an oocyte goes through to become a developmentally competent egg. This transition is usually triggered by a calcium-based signal that is often, but not always, initiated by fertilization. Activation encompasses a number of changes within the egg. These include changes to the egg's membranes and outer coverings to prevent polyspermy and to support the developing embryo, as well as resumption and completion of the meiotic cell cycle, mRNA polyadenylation, translation of new proteins, and the degradation of specific maternal mRNAs and proteins. The transition from an arrested, highly differentiated cell, the oocyte, to a developmentally active, totipotent cell, the activated egg or embryo, represents a complete change in cellular state. This is accomplished by altering ion concentrations and by widespread changes in both the proteome and the suite of mRNAs present in the cell. Here, we review the role of calcium and zinc in the events of egg activation, and the importance of macromolecular changes during this transition. The latter include the degradation and translation of proteins, protein posttranslational regulation through phosphorylation, and the degradation, of maternal mRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber R Krauchunas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
McRae R, Lai B, Fahrni CJ. Subcellular redistribution and mitotic inheritance of transition metals in proliferating mouse fibroblast cells. Metallomics 2013; 5:52-61. [PMID: 23212029 PMCID: PMC3769613 DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20176c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy of non-synchronized NIH 3T3 fibroblasts revealed an intriguing redistribution dynamics that defines the inheritance of trace metals during mitosis. At metaphase, the highest density areas of Zn and Cu are localized in two distinct regions adjacent to the metaphase plate. As the sister chromatids are pulled towards the spindle poles during anaphase, Zn and Cu gradually move to the center and partition into the daughter cells to yield a pair of twin pools during cytokinesis. Colocalization analyses demonstrated high spatial correlations between Zn, Cu, and S throughout all mitotic stages, while Fe showed consistently different topographies characterized by high-density spots distributed across the entire cell. Whereas the total amount of Cu remained similar compared to interphase cells, mitotic Zn levels increased almost 3-fold, suggesting a prominent physiological role that lies beyond the requirement of Zn as a cofactor in metalloproteins or messenger in signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reagan McRae
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, U.S.A
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, U.S.A
| | - Christoph J. Fahrni
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nader N, Kulkarni RP, Dib M, Machaca K. How to make a good egg!: The need for remodeling of oocyte Ca(2+) signaling to mediate the egg-to-embryo transition. Cell Calcium 2012; 53:41-54. [PMID: 23266324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The egg-to-embryo transition marks the initiation of multicellular organismal development and is mediated by a specialized Ca(2+) transient at fertilization. This explosive Ca(2+) signal has captured the interest and imagination of scientists for many decades, given its cataclysmic nature and necessity for the egg-to-embryo transition. Learning how the egg acquires the competency to generate this Ca(2+) transient at fertilization is essential to our understanding of the mechanisms controlling egg and the transition to embryogenesis. In this review we discuss our current knowledge of how Ca(2+) signaling pathways remodel during oocyte maturation in preparation for fertilization with a special emphasis on the frog oocyte as additional reviews in this issue will touch on this in other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Nader
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar (WCMC-Q), Education City, Qatar Foundation, Qatar
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alam S, Kelleher SL. Cellular mechanisms of zinc dysregulation: a perspective on zinc homeostasis as an etiological factor in the development and progression of breast cancer. Nutrients 2012; 4:875-903. [PMID: 23016122 PMCID: PMC3448077 DOI: 10.3390/nu4080875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and is the leading cause of female cancer deaths. Zinc (Zn) functions as an antioxidant and plays a role in maintaining genomic stability. Zn deficiency results in oxidative DNA damage and increased cancer risk. Studies suggest an inverse association between dietary and plasma Zn levels and the risk for developing breast cancer. In contrast, breast tumor biopsies display significantly higher Zn levels compared with normal tissue. Zn accumulation in tumor tissue also correlates with increased levels of Zn importing proteins. Further, aberrant expression of Zn transporters in tumors correlates with malignancy, suggesting that altered metal homeostasis in the breast could contribute to malignant transformation and the severity of cancer. However, studies have yet to link dysregulated Zn transport and abnormal Zn-dependent functions in breast cancer development. Herein, we summarize studies that address the multi-modal role of Zn dyshomeostasis in breast cancer with respect to the role of Zn in modulating oxidative stress, DNA damage response/repair pathways and cell proliferation/apoptosis, and the relationship to aberrant regulation of Zn transporters. We also compare Zn dysregulation in breast tissue to that of prostate, pancreatic and ovarian cancer where possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samina Alam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Shannon L. Kelleher
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Department of Surgery, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-814-863-9680; Fax: +1-814-863-6103
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Marin M. Calcium Signaling in Xenopus oocyte. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:1073-94. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
23
|
|
24
|
Machaca K. Ca(2+) signaling, genes and the cell cycle. Cell Calcium 2010; 48:243-50. [PMID: 21084120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the concentration and spatial distribution of Ca(2+) ions in the cytoplasm constitute a ubiquitous intracellular signaling module in cellular physiology. With the advent of Ca(2+) dyes that allow direct visualization of Ca(2+) transients, combined with powerful experimental tools such as electrophysiological recordings, intracellular Ca(2+) transients have been implicated in practically every aspect of cellular physiology, including cellular proliferation. Ca(2+) signals are associated with different phases of the cell cycle and interfering with Ca(2+) signaling or downstream pathways often disrupts progression of the cell cycle. Although there exists a dependence between Ca(2+) signals and the cell cycle the mechanisms involved are not well defined and given the cross-talk between Ca(2+) and other signaling modules, it is difficult to assess the exact role of Ca(2+) signals in cell cycle progression. Two exceptions however, include fertilization and T-cell activation, where well-defined roles for Ca(2+) signals in mediating progression through specific stages of the cell cycle have been clearly established. In the case of T-cell activation Ca(2+) regulates entry into the cell cycle through the induction of gene transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar (WCMC-Q), PO Box 24144, Education City - Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bernhardt ML, Kim AM, O'Halloran TV, Woodruff TK. Zinc requirement during meiosis I-meiosis II transition in mouse oocytes is independent of the MOS-MAPK pathway. Biol Reprod 2010; 84:526-36. [PMID: 21076080 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.086488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is essential for many biological processes, including proper functioning of gametes. We recently reported that zinc levels rise by over 50% during oocyte maturation and that attenuation of zinc availability during this period could be achieved using the membrane-permeable heavy metal chelator N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN). This zinc insufficiency resulted in formation of large polar bodies, failure to establish metaphase II arrest, and impaired establishment of cortical polarity. As these phenotypes resemble those of MOS null oocytes, we examined the impact of zinc insufficiency on the MOS-MAPK pathway. Reduced levels of both MOS protein and phosphorylation of MAP2K1/2 are observed in zinc-insufficient oocytes; however, these differences appear only after completion of the first meiotic division. In addition, activation of the downstream effector of the MOS pathway, MAPK3/1, is not affected by zinc insufficiency, and reduced MOS levels are observed only with the presence of TPEN after the first polar body extrusion. These data are inconsistent with the hypothesis that reduced MOS mediates the observed phenotype. Finally, MOS overexpression does not rescue the phenotype of zinc-insufficient oocytes, confirming that the observed disruption of asymmetric division and spindle abnormalities cannot be attributed to impaired MOS signaling. Zinc-insufficient oocytes do not increase maturation promoting factor (MPF) activity following the first meiotic division, and increasing MPF activity through expression of nondegradable cyclin B1 partially rescues the ability of zinc-insufficient oocytes to enter metaphase II. Although we have shown that zinc has a novel role in the meiotic cell cycle, it is not mediated through the MOS-MAPK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L Bernhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zinc availability regulates exit from meiosis in maturing mammalian oocytes. Nat Chem Biol 2010; 6:674-81. [PMID: 20693991 PMCID: PMC2924620 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellular metal ion fluxes are known in the case of alkali and alkaline earth metals but not well documented for transition metals. Here, we describe major changes in the zinc physiology of the mammalian oocyte as it matures and initiates embryonic development. Single-cell elemental analysis of mouse oocytes by synchrotron-based x-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) revealed a 50% increase in total zinc content within the 12-14 hour period of meiotic maturation. Perturbation of zinc homeostasis with a cell-permeable small molecule chelator blocked meiotic progression past telophase I. Zinc supplementation rescued this phenotype when administered prior to this meiotic block. However, following telophase arrest, zinc triggered parthenogenesis, suggesting that exit from this meiotic step is tightly regulated by the availability of a zinc-dependent signal. These results implicate the zinc bolus acquired during meiotic maturation as an important part of the maternal legacy to the embryo.
Collapse
|
27
|
Li Y, Maret W. Transient fluctuations of intracellular zinc ions in cell proliferation. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:2463-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|