1
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Zhong J, Doughty R, Thymann T, Sangild PT, Nguyen DN, Muk T. Insulin-like growth factor-1 effects on kidney development in preterm piglets. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03222-3. [PMID: 38762663 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth disrupts fetal kidney development, potentially leading to postnatal acute kidney injury. Preterm infants are deficient in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a growth factor that stimulates organ development. By utilizing a preterm pig model, this study investigated whether IGF-1 supplementation enhances preterm kidney maturation. METHODS Cesarean-delivered preterm pigs were treated systemically IGF-1 or vehicle control for 5, 9 or 19 days after birth. Blood, urine, and kidney tissue were collected for biochemical, histological and gene expression analyses. Age-matched term-born pigs were sacrificed at similar postnatal ages and served as the reference group. RESULTS Compared with term pigs, preterm pigs exhibited impaired kidney maturation, as indicated by analyses of renal morphology, histopathology, and inflammatory and injury markers. Supplementation with IGF-1 reduced signs of kidney immaturity, particularly in the first week of life, as indicated by improved morphology, upregulated expression of key developmental genes, reduced severity and incidence of microscopic lesions, and decreased levels of inflammatory and injury markers. No association was seen between the symptoms of necrotizing enterocolitis and kidney defects. CONCLUSION Preterm birth in pigs impairs kidney maturation and exogenous IGF-1 treatment partially reverses this impairment. Early IGF-1 supplementation could support the development of preterm kidneys. IMPACT Preterm birth may disrupt kidney development in newborns, potentially leading to morphological changes, injury, and inflammation. Preterm pigs have previously been used as models for preterm infants, but not for kidney development. IGF-1 supplementation promotes kidney maturation and alleviates renal impairments in the first week of life in preterm pigs. IGF-1 may hold potential as a supportive therapy for preterm infants sensitive to acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingren Zhong
- Section for Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Richard Doughty
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Section for Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Section for Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Duc Ninh Nguyen
- Section for Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tik Muk
- Section for Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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2
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Iacobelli S, Lapillonne A, Boubred F. Early postnatal nutrition and renal consequences in preterm infants. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03080-z. [PMID: 38374220 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Perinatal nutritional factors may lead to decreased nephron endowment, decreased kidney function, and long-term development of chronic kidney disease and non-communicable diseases. At the same time, optimal postnatal nutrition and catch-up growth are associated with better neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. Therefore, nutritional management of preterm infants is a major challenge for neonatologists. In this context, the Section of Nutrition, Gastroenterology and Metabolism reviewed the current knowledge on nutritional issues related to kidney function. This narrative review discusses the clinical impact of early postnatal nutrition on long-term kidney function. In preterm infants, data are largely lacking to determine the extent to which early nutrition contributes to nephrogenesis and nephron endowment. However, some nutritional principles may help clinicians better protect the developing kidney in preterm infants. IMPACT: Clinical data show that preterm infants are an emerging population at high risk for chronic kidney disease. Both undernutrition and overnutrition can alter long-term kidney function. In preterm infants, data are largely lacking to determine the extent to which early postnatal nutrition contributes to nephrogenesis, nephron endowment and increased risk for chronic kidney disease. Some nutritional principles may help clinicians better protect the developing kidney in preterm infants: avoiding extrauterine growth restriction; providing adequate protein and caloric intakes; limiting exposure to high and prolonged hyperglycaemia; avoiding micronutrient deficiencies and maintaining acid-base and electrolyte balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Iacobelli
- Réanimation Néonatale et Pédiatrique, CHU La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France.
- Centre d'Études Périnatales de l'Océan Indien (UR7388), Université de La Réunion, de La Réunion, France.
| | - Alexandre Lapillonne
- Department of Neonatology, APHP, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, EHU 7328 Paris Cite University Paris, Paris, France
- CNRC Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farid Boubred
- Service de Médecine néonatale, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAe, INSERM, Marseille, France
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3
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Konopásek P, Skálová S, Sládková E, Pecková M, Flachsová E, Urbanová I, Laubová J, Samešová M, Dvořák P, Zieg J. Low Birth Weight is Associated with More Severe Course of Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome in Children, Multicentric Study. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2024. [PMID: 38320582 DOI: 10.1055/a-2227-4892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several previous studies have reported a more severe course of nephrotic syndrome in children with low birth weight. PATIENTS Cohort of 223 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. METHODS We aimed to investigate the association between course of nephrotic syndrome and low birth weight. Data from seven paediatric nephrology centres were used. RESULTS Children with low birth weight had 3.84 times higher odds for a more severe course of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (95% CI 1.20-17.22, P=0.041), and those with low birth weight and remission after 7 days had much higher odds for a more severe course of disease (OR 8.7). Low birth weight children had a longer time to remission (median 12 vs. 10 days, P=0.03). They had a higher need for steroid-sparing agents (OR for the same sex=3.26 [95% CI 1.17-11.62, P=0.039]), and the odds were even higher in females with low birth weight (OR 6.81). There was no evidence of an association either between low birth weight and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or between low birth weight and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. DISCUSSION We conducted the first multicentric study confirming the worse outcomes of children with NS and LBW and we found additional risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Low birth weight is associated with a more severe course of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome, while being female and achieving remission after 7 days are additional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Konopásek
- Pediatric Nephrology, Motol University Hospital, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Sylva Skálová
- Pediatrics, Fakultní Nemocnice Hradec Králové, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sládková
- Pediatrics, Fakultní nemocnice Plzeň, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Pecková
- Institute of Applied Mathematics and Information Technologies, Univerzita Karlova Přírodovědecká fakulta, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Flachsová
- Pediatrics, Motol University Hospital, Praha, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jana Laubová
- Pediatrics, Univerzita Jana Evangelisty Purkyně v Ústí nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Samešová
- Pediatrics, Univerzita Jana Evangelisty Purkyně v Ústí nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dvořák
- Pediatrics, Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice v Praze, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Zieg
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Faa G, Fanos V, Manchia M, Van Eyken P, Suri JS, Saba L. The fascinating theory of fetal programming of adult diseases: A review of the fundamentals of the Barker hypothesis. J Public Health Res 2024; 13:22799036241226817. [PMID: 38434579 PMCID: PMC10908242 DOI: 10.1177/22799036241226817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The theory of fetal programming of adult diseases was first proposed by David J.P. Barker in the eighties of the previous century, to explain the higher susceptibility of some people toward the development of ischemic heart disease. According to his hypothesis, poor maternal living conditions during gestation represent an important risk factor for the onset of atherosclerotic heart disease later in life. The analysis of the early phases of fetal development is a fundamental tool for the risk stratification of children and adults, allowing the identification of susceptible or resistant subjects to multiple diseases later in life. Here, we provide a narrative summary of the most relevant evidence supporting the Barker hypothesis in multiple fields of medicine, including neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease, kidney failure, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer onset and progression, metabolic syndrome, and infectious diseases including COVID-19. Given the consensus on the role of body weight at birth as a practical indicator of the fetal nutritional status during gestation, every subject with a low birth weight should be considered an "at risk" subject for the development of multiple diseases later in life. The hypothesis of the "physiological regenerative medicine," able to improve fetal organs' development in the perinatal period is discussed, in the light of recent experimental data indicating Thymosin Beta-4 as a powerful growth promoter when administered to pregnant mothers before birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavino Faa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Unit of Neonatology and NICU Center, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Peter Van Eyken
- Department of Pathology, UZ Genk Regional Hospital, Genk, Belgium
| | - Jasjit S. Suri
- Stroke Diagnostic and Monitoring Division, Atheropoint, Roseville, CA, USA
| | - Luca Saba
- Unit of Radiology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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5
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Popescu I, Constantin M, Solcan G, Ichim DL, Rata DM, Horodincu L, Solcan C. Composite Hydrogels with Embedded Silver Nanoparticles and Ibuprofen as Wound Dressing. Gels 2023; 9:654. [PMID: 37623109 PMCID: PMC10454181 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The wound healing process is often slowed down as a result of complications from bacterial infections and inflammatory reactions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop dressings with fast antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity that shorten the wound healing period by promoting cell migration and proliferation. Chitosan (CS)-based hydrogels have been widely studied for their antibacterial and wound healing capabilities. Herein, we developed a composite hydrogel based on CS and PVA embedding silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with antibacterial properties and ibuprofen (Ib) as an anti-inflammatory agent. The hydrogel prepared by double physical cross-linking, with oxalic acid and by freeze-thawing, loaded with 0.225 wt.% AgNPs and 0.264 wt.% Ib, displayed good mechanical properties (compressive modulus = 132 kPa), a high swelling degree and sustained drug delivery (in simulated skin conditions). Moreover, the hydrogel showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae due to the embedded AgNPs. In vivo, this hydrogel accelerated the wound regeneration process through the enhanced expression of TNF alpha IP8, by activating downstream cascades and supporting the healing process of inflammation; Cox2, which enhances the migration and proliferation of cells involved in re-epithelization and angiogenesis; MHCII, which promotes immune cooperation between local cells, eliminating dead tissue and controlling infection; the intense expression of Col I as a major marker in the tissue granulation process; and αSMA, which marks the presence of myofibroblasts involved in wound closure and indicates ongoing re-epithelization. The results reveal the potential healing effect of CS/PVA/AgNPs/Ib hydrogels and suggest their potential use as wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Popescu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Marieta Constantin
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Gheorghe Solcan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (G.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Daniela Luminita Ichim
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 700511 Iasi, Romania; (D.L.I.); (D.M.R.)
| | - Delia Mihaela Rata
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 700511 Iasi, Romania; (D.L.I.); (D.M.R.)
| | - Loredana Horodincu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (G.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (G.S.); (L.H.)
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6
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Bronstein R, Pace J, Gowthaman Y, Salant DJ, Mallipattu SK. Podocyte-Parietal Epithelial Cell Interdependence in Glomerular Development and Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:737-750. [PMID: 36800545 PMCID: PMC10125654 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes and parietal epithelial cells (PECs) are among the few principal cell types within the kidney glomerulus, the former serving as a crucial constituent of the kidney filtration barrier and the latter representing a supporting epithelial layer that adorns the inner wall of Bowman's capsule. Podocytes and PECs share a circumscript developmental lineage that only begins to diverge during the S-shaped body stage of nephron formation-occurring immediately before the emergence of the fully mature nephron. These two cell types, therefore, share a highly conserved gene expression program, evidenced by recently discovered intermediate cell types occupying a distinct spatiotemporal gene expression zone between podocytes and PECs. In addition to their homeostatic functions, podocytes and PECs also have roles in kidney pathogenesis. Rapid podocyte loss in diseases, such as rapidly progressive GN and collapsing and cellular subtypes of FSGS, is closely allied with PEC proliferation and migration toward the capillary tuft, resulting in the formation of crescents and pseudocrescents. PECs are thought to contribute to disease progression and severity, and the interdependence between these two cell types during development and in various manifestations of kidney pathology is the primary focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bronstein
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jesse Pace
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Yogesh Gowthaman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - David J. Salant
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sandeep K. Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Renal Section, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, New York
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7
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Piras M, Gerosa C, Congiu T, Cau F, Fanni D, Pichiri G, Coni P, Lachowicz JI, Schirru E, Congia M, Rossino R, Muntoni S, Jaremko M, Piludu M. Toward the renal vesicle: Ultrastructural investigation of the cap mesenchyme splitting process in the developing kidney. J Public Health Res 2022; 11:22799036221124076. [PMID: 36310827 PMCID: PMC9597041 DOI: 10.1177/22799036221124076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A complex sequence of morphogenetic events leads to the development of the adult mouse kidney. In the present study, we investigated the morphological events that characterize the early stages of the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition of cap mesenchymal cells, analyzing in depth the relationship between cap mesenchymal induction and ureteric bud (UB) branching. Design and methods Normal kidneys of newborn non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were excised and prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. Results Nephrogenesis was evident in the outer portion of the renal cortex of all examined samples. This process was mainly due to the interaction of two primordial derivatives, the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme. Early renal developmental stages were initially characterized by the formation of a continuous layer of condensed mesenchymal cells around the tips of the ureteric buds. These caps of mesenchymal cells affected the epithelial cells of the underlying ureteric bud, possibly inducing their growth and branching. Conclusions The present study provides morphological evidence of the reciprocal induction between the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme showing that the ureteric buds convert mesenchyme to epithelium that in turn stimulates the growth and the branching of the ureteric bud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Piras
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Clara Gerosa
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Terenzio Congiu
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy,Terenzio Congiu, Department of Medical
Sciences and Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale Cagliari,
Cagliari, Sardegna 09124, Italy.
| | - Flaviana Cau
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Daniela Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pichiri
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Coni
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Enrico Schirru
- CeSaSASt. Centro Servizi di Ateneo per
gli Stabulari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Mauro Congia
- Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology,
Microcitemico Hospital, Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Rossano Rossino
- Department of Medical Sciences and
Public Health, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Sandro Muntoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences,
University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences
& Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and
Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Piludu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences,
University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy,Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo
Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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8
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Miranda CC, Gomes MR, Moço M, Cabral JMS, Ferreira FC, Sanjuan-Alberte P. A Concise Review on Electrospun Scaffolds for Kidney Tissue Engineering. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100554. [PMID: 36290522 PMCID: PMC9598616 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is one of the deadliest diseases globally and treatment methods are still insufficient, relying mostly on transplantation and dialysis. Engineering of kidney tissues in vitro from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could provide a solution to this medical need by restoring the function of damaged kidneys. However, implementation of such approaches is still challenging to achieve due to the complexity of mature kidneys in vivo. Several strategies have been defined to obtain kidney progenitor endothelial and epithelial cells that could form nephrons and proximal tube cells, but these lack tissue maturity and vascularisation to be further implemented. Electrospinning is a technique that has shown promise in the development of physiological microenvironments of several tissues and could be applied in the engineering of kidney tissues. Synthetic polymers such as polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, and poly(vinyl alcohol) have been explored in the manufacturing of fibres that align and promote the proliferation and cell-to-cell interactions of kidney cells. Natural polymers including silk fibroin and decellularised extracellular matrix have also been explored alone and in combination with synthetic polymers promoting the differentiation of podocytes and tubular-specific cells. Despite these attempts, further work is still required to advance the applications of electrospun fibres in kidney tissue engineering and explore this technique in combination with other manufacturing methods such as bioprinting to develop more organised, mature and reproducible kidney organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia C. Miranda
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.C.M.); (P.S.-A.)
| | - Mariana Ramalho Gomes
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Moço
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paola Sanjuan-Alberte
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.C.M.); (P.S.-A.)
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9
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Kidney Injuries and Evolution of Chronic Kidney Diseases Due to Neonatal Hyperoxia Exposure Based on Animal Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158492. [PMID: 35955627 PMCID: PMC9369080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth interrupts the development and maturation of the kidneys during the critical growth period. The kidneys can also exhibit structural defects and functional impairment due to hyperoxia, as demonstrated by various animal studies. Furthermore, hyperoxia during nephrogenesis impairs renal tubular development and induces glomerular and tubular injuries, which manifest as renal corpuscle enlargement, renal tubular necrosis, interstitial inflammation, and kidney fibrosis. Preterm birth along with hyperoxia exposure induces a pathological predisposition to chronic kidney disease. Hyperoxia-induced kidney injuries are influenced by several molecular factors, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and interleukin-6/Smad2/transforming growth factor-β, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways; these are key to cell proliferation, tissue inflammation, and cell membrane repair. Hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress is characterized by the attenuation or the induction of multiple molecular factors associated with kidney damage. This review focuses on the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of hyperoxia-induced kidney injuries to establish a framework for potential interventions.
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10
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Lee S, McCabe EM, Rasmussen TP. Modeling the Kidney with Human Pluripotent cells: Applications for Toxicology and Organ Repair. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2022.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Bonner MG, Gudapati H, Mou X, Musah S. Microfluidic systems for modeling human development. Development 2022; 149:274363. [PMID: 35156682 PMCID: PMC8918817 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The proper development and patterning of organs rely on concerted signaling events emanating from intracellular and extracellular molecular and biophysical cues. The ability to model and understand how these microenvironmental factors contribute to cell fate decisions and physiological processes is crucial for uncovering the biology and mechanisms of life. Recent advances in microfluidic systems have provided novel tools and strategies for studying aspects of human tissue and organ development in ways that have previously been challenging to explore ex vivo. Here, we discuss how microfluidic systems and organs-on-chips provide new ways to understand how extracellular signals affect cell differentiation, how cells interact with each other, and how different tissues and organs are formed for specialized functions. We also highlight key advancements in the field that are contributing to a broad understanding of human embryogenesis, organogenesis and physiology. We conclude by summarizing the key advantages of using dynamic microfluidic or microphysiological platforms to study intricate developmental processes that cannot be accurately modeled by using traditional tissue culture vessels. We also suggest some exciting prospects and potential future applications of these emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makenzie G. Bonner
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Hemanth Gudapati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xingrui Mou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Samira Musah
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA,MEDx Investigator and Faculty Member at the Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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12
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DeFreitas MJ, Katsoufis CP, Benny M, Young K, Kulandavelu S, Ahn H, Sfakianaki A, Abitbol CL. Educational Review: The Impact of Perinatal Oxidative Stress on the Developing Kidney. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:853722. [PMID: 35844742 PMCID: PMC9279889 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.853722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species and antioxidant systems. The interplay between these complex processes is crucial for normal pregnancy and fetal development; however, when oxidative stress predominates, pregnancy related complications and adverse fetal programming such as preterm birth ensues. Understanding how oxidative stress negatively impacts outcomes for the maternal-fetal dyad has allowed for the exploration of antioxidant therapies to prevent and/or mitigate disease progression. In the developing kidney, the negative impact of oxidative stress has also been noted as it relates to the development of hypertension and kidney injury mostly in animal models. Clinical research addressing the implications of oxidative stress in the developing kidney is less developed than that of the neurodevelopmental and respiratory conditions of preterm infants and other vulnerable neonatal groups. Efforts to study the oxidative stress pathway along the continuum of the perinatal period using a team science approach can help to understand the multi-organ dysfunction that the maternal-fetal dyad sustains and guide the investigation of antioxidant therapies to ameliorate the global toxicity. This educational review will provide a comprehensive and multidisciplinary perspective on the impact of oxidative stress during the perinatal period in the development of maternal and fetal/neonatal complications, and implications on developmental programming of accelerated aging and cardiovascular and renal disease for a lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa J DeFreitas
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Chryso P Katsoufis
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Merline Benny
- Department of Pediatrics, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Karen Young
- Department of Pediatrics, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shathiyah Kulandavelu
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Hyunyoung Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anna Sfakianaki
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Carolyn L Abitbol
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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13
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Schumacher A, Rookmaaker MB, Joles JA, Kramann R, Nguyen TQ, van Griensven M, LaPointe VLS. Defining the variety of cell types in developing and adult human kidneys by single-cell RNA sequencing. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:45. [PMID: 34381054 PMCID: PMC8357940 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is among the most complex organs in terms of the variety of cell types. The cellular complexity of human kidneys is not fully unraveled and this challenge is further complicated by the existence of multiple progenitor pools and differentiation pathways. Researchers disagree on the variety of renal cell types due to a lack of research providing a comprehensive picture and the challenge to translate findings between species. To find an answer to the number of human renal cell types, we discuss research that used single-cell RNA sequencing on developing and adult human kidney tissue and compares these findings to the literature of the pre-single-cell RNA sequencing era. We find that these publications show major steps towards the discovery of novel cell types and intermediate cell stages as well as complex molecular signatures and lineage pathways throughout development. The variety of cell types remains variable in the single-cell literature, which is due to the limitations of the technique. Nevertheless, our analysis approaches an accumulated number of 41 identified cell populations of renal lineage and 32 of non-renal lineage in the adult kidney, and there is certainly much more to discover. There is still a need for a consensus on a variety of definitions and standards in single-cell RNA sequencing research, such as the definition of what is a cell type. Nevertheless, this early-stage research already proves to be of significant impact for both clinical and regenerative medicine, and shows potential to enhance the generation of sophisticated in vitro kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schumacher
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M B Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J A Joles
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Kramann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Q Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M van Griensven
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - V L S LaPointe
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Kessel F, Steglich A, Hickmann L, Lira-Martinez R, Gerlach M, Sequeira-Lopez ML, Gomez RA, Hugo C, Todorov VT. Patterns of differentiation of renin lineage cells during nephrogenesis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F378-F388. [PMID: 34338032 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00151.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmentally heterogeneous renin expressing cells serve as progenitors for mural, glomerular and tubular cells during nephrogenesis and are collectively termed renin lineage cells (RLCs). In this study, we quantified different renal vascular and tubular cell types based on specific markers, assessed proliferation, and de-novo differentiation in the RLC population. We used kidney sections of mRenCre-mT/mG mice throughout nephrogenesis. Marker positivity was evaluated in whole digitalized sections. At embryonic day 16, RLCs appeared in the developing kidney, and expression of all stained markers in RLCs was observed. The proliferation rate of RLCs did not differ from the proliferation rate of non-RLCs. The RLCs expanded mainly by de-novo differentiation (neogenesis). The fractions of RLCs originating from the stromal progenitors of the metanephric mesenchyme (renin producing cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, mesangial cells) decreased during nephrogenesis. In contrast, aquaporin 2 positive RLCs in the collecting duct system that embryonically emerges almost exclusively from the ureteric bud, expanded postpartum. The cubilin positive RLC fraction in the proximal tubule, deriving from the cap mesenchyme, remained constant. During nephrogenesis, RLCs were continuously detectable in the vascular and tubular compartments of the kidney. Therein, various patterns of RLC differentiation that depend on the embryonic origin of the cells were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Kessel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Steglich
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Linda Hickmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ricardo Lira-Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gerlach
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Core Facility Cellular Imaging (CFCI), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Luisa Sequeira-Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - R Ariel Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Christian Hugo
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladimir T Todorov
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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15
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van Groen BD, Krekels EHJ, Mooij MG, van Duijn E, Vaes WHJ, Windhorst AD, van Rosmalen J, Hartman SJF, Hendrikse NH, Koch BCP, Allegaert K, Tibboel D, Knibbe CAJ, de Wildt SN. The Oral Bioavailability and Metabolism of Midazolam in Stable Critically Ill Children: A Pharmacokinetic Microtracing Study. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 109:140-149. [PMID: 32403162 PMCID: PMC7818442 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Midazolam is metabolized by the developmentally regulated intestinal and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4/5. It is frequently administered orally to children, yet knowledge is lacking on the oral bioavailability in term neonates up until 1 year of age. Furthermore, the dispositions of the major metabolites 1-OH-midazolam (OHM) and 1-OH-midazolam-glucuronide (OHMG) after oral administration are largely unknown for the entire pediatric age span. We aimed to fill these knowledge gaps with a pediatric [14 C]midazolam microtracer population pharmacokinetic study. Forty-six stable, critically ill children (median age 9.8 (range 0.3-276.4) weeks) received a single oral [14 C]midazolam microtracer (58 (40-67) Bq/kg) when they received a therapeutic continuous intravenous midazolam infusion and had an arterial line in place enabling blood sampling. For midazolam, in a one-compartment model, bodyweight was a significant predictor for clearance (0.98 L/hour) and volume of distribution (8.7 L) (values for a typical individual of 5 kg). The typical oral bioavailability in the population was 66% (range 25-85%). The exposures of OHM and OHMG were highest for the youngest age groups and significantly decreased with postnatal age. The oral bioavailability of midazolam, largely reflective of intestinal and hepatic CYP3A activity, was on average lower than the reported 49-92% for preterm neonates, and higher than the reported 21% for children> 1 year of age and 30% for adults. As midazolam oral bioavailability varied widely, systemic exposure of other CYP3A-substrate drugs after oral dosing in this population may also be unpredictable, with risk of therapy failure or toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca D. van Groen
- Intensive Care and Pediatric SurgeryErasmus Medical Center – Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Elke H. J. Krekels
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Miriam G. Mooij
- Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers – Location VU Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joost van Rosmalen
- Department of BiostatisticsErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Stan J. F. Hartman
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Health SciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - N. Harry Hendrikse
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers – Location VU Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Birgit C. P. Koch
- Department of Hospital PharmacyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Hospital PharmacyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Intensive Care and Pediatric SurgeryErasmus Medical Center – Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Catherijne A. J. Knibbe
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
- St Antonius HospitalNieuwegeinThe Netherlands
| | - Saskia N. de Wildt
- Intensive Care and Pediatric SurgeryErasmus Medical Center – Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyRadboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Health SciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands
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16
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Cheung KWK, van Groen BD, Burckart GJ, Zhang L, de Wildt SN, Huang SM. Incorporating Ontogeny in Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Improve Pediatric Drug Development: What We Know About Developmental Changes in Membrane Transporters. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 59 Suppl 1:S56-S69. [PMID: 31502692 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Developmental changes in the biological processes involved in the disposition of drugs, such as membrane transporter expression and activity, may alter the drug exposure and clearance in pediatric patients. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models take these age-dependent changes into account and may be used to predict drug exposure in children. As a result, this mechanistic-based tool has increasingly been applied to improve pediatric drug development. Under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act VI, the US Food and Drug Administration has committed to facilitate the advancement of PBPK modeling in the drug application review process. Yet, significant knowledge gaps on developmental biology still exist, which must be addressed to increase the confidence of prediction. Recently, more data on ontogeny of transporters have emerged and supplied a missing piece of the puzzle. This article highlights the recent findings on the ontogeny of transporters specifically in the intestine, liver, and kidney. It also provides a case study that illustrates the utility of incorporating this information in predicting drug exposure in children using a PBPK approach. Collaborative work has greatly improved the understanding of the interplay between developmental physiology and drug disposition. Such efforts will continue to be needed to address the remaining knowledge gaps to enhance the application of PBPK modeling in drug development for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Wun Kathy Cheung
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation & Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE Fellow), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Bianca D van Groen
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gilbert J Burckart
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation & Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation & Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Saskia N de Wildt
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Shiew-Mei Huang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation & Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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17
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Jackson AR, Ching CB, McHugh KM, Becknell B. Roles for urothelium in normal and aberrant urinary tract development. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:459-468. [PMID: 32647226 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUTs) represent the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease in children. Increasing evidence points to critical roles for the urothelium in the developing urinary tract and in the genesis of CAKUTs. The involvement of the urothelium in patterning the urinary tract is supported by evidence that CAKUTs can arise as a result of abnormal urothelial development. Emerging evidence indicates that congenital urinary tract obstruction triggers urothelial remodelling that stabilizes the obstructed kidney and limits renal injury. Finally, the diagnostic potential of radiological findings and urinary biomarkers derived from the urothelium of patients with CAKUTs might aid their contribution to clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Jackson
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christina B Ching
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kirk M McHugh
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian Becknell
- Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Nephrology Division, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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18
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Goetschalckx E, Mekahli D, Levtchenko E, Allegaert K. Glomerular Filtration Rate in Former Extreme Low Birth Weight Infants over the Full Pediatric Age Range: A Pooled Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062144. [PMID: 32213814 PMCID: PMC7142917 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Various cohort studies document a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in former extremely low birth weight (ELBW, <1000 g) neonates throughout childhood when compared to term controls. The current aim is to pool these studies to describe the GFR pattern over the pediatric age range. To do so, we conducted a systematic review on studies reporting on GFR measurements in former ELBW cases while GFR data of healthy age-matched controls included in these studies were co-collected. Based on 248 hits, 6 case-control and 3 cohort studies were identified, with 444 GFR measurements in 380 former ELBW cases (median age 5.3–20.7 years). The majority were small (17–78 cases) single center studies, with heterogeneity in GFR measurement (inulin, cystatin C or creatinine estimated GFR formulae) tools. Despite this, the median GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) within case-control studies was consistently lower (−13%, range −8% to −25%) in cases, so that a relevant minority (15–30%) has a eGFR<90 mL/min/1.73 m2). Consequently, this pooled analysis describes a consistent pattern of reduced eGFR in former ELBW cases throughout childhood. Research should focus on perinatal risk factors for impaired GFR and long-term outcome, but is hampered by single center cohorts, study size and heterogeneity of GFR assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Goetschalckx
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.G.); (D.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.G.); (D.M.); (E.L.)
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.G.); (D.M.); (E.L.)
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.G.); (D.M.); (E.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Wytemaweg Hospital Pharmacy Postbus 2040, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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19
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Devlin LA, Ramsbottom SA, Overman LM, Lisgo SN, Clowry G, Molinari E, Powell L, Miles CG, Sayer JA. Embryonic and foetal expression patterns of the ciliopathy gene CEP164. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0221914. [PMID: 31990917 PMCID: PMC6986751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC) are a group of inherited genetic disorders that share a defect in the formation, maintenance or functioning of the primary cilium complex, causing progressive cystic kidney disease and other clinical manifestations. Mutations in centrosomal protein 164 kDa (CEP164), also known as NPHP15, have been identified as a cause of NPHP-RC. Here we have utilised the MRC-Wellcome Trust Human Developmental Biology Resource (HDBR) to perform immunohistochemistry studies on human embryonic and foetal tissues to determine the expression patterns of CEP164 during development. Notably expression is widespread, yet defined, in multiple organs including the kidney, retina and cerebellum. Murine studies demonstrated an almost identical Cep164 expression pattern. Taken together, these data support a conserved role for CEP164 throughout the development of numerous organs, which, we suggest, accounts for the multi-system disease phenotype of CEP164-mediated NPHP-RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Devlin
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - S. A. Ramsbottom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - L. M. Overman
- MRC-Wellcome Trust Human Developmental Biology Resource, Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - S. N. Lisgo
- MRC-Wellcome Trust Human Developmental Biology Resource, Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - G. Clowry
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - E. Molinari
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - L. Powell
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - C. G. Miles
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - J. A. Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
- The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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20
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Minuth W. In Search of Imprints Left by the Impairment of Nephrogenesis. Cells Tissues Organs 2019; 207:69-82. [DOI: 10.1159/000504085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical aspects dealing with the impairment of nephrogenesis in preterm and low birth weight babies were intensely researched. In this context it was shown that quite different noxae can harm nephron formation, and that the morphological damage in the fetal kidney is rather complex. Some pathological findings show that the impairment leads to changes in developing glomeruli that are restricted to the maturation zone of the outer cortex in the fetal human kidney. Other data show also imprints on the stages of nephron anlage including the niche, the pretubular aggregate, the renal vesicle, and comma- and S-shaped bodies located in the overlying nephrogenic zone of the rodent and human kidneys. During our investigations it was noticed that the stages of nephron anlage in the fetal human kidney during the phase of late gestation have not been described in detail. To contribute, these stages were recorded along with corresponding images. The initial nephron formation in the rodent kidney served as a reference. Finally, the known imprints left by the impairment in both specimens were listed and discussed. In sum, the relatively paucity of data on nephron formation in the fetal human kidney during the late phase of gestation is a call to start with intense research so that concepts for a therapeutic prolongation of nephrogenesis can be designed.
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21
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Cheung KWK, van Groen BD, Spaans E, van Borselen MD, de Bruijn AC, Simons‐Oosterhuis Y, Tibboel D, Samsom JN, Verdijk RM, Smeets B, Zhang L, Huang S, Giacomini KM, de Wildt SN. A Comprehensive Analysis of Ontogeny of Renal Drug Transporters: mRNA Analyses, Quantitative Proteomics, and Localization. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 106:1083-1092. [PMID: 31127606 PMCID: PMC6777991 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human renal membrane transporters play key roles in the disposition of renally cleared drugs and endogenous substrates, but their ontogeny is largely unknown. Using 184 human postmortem frozen renal cortical tissues (preterm newborns to adults) and a subset of 62 tissue samples, we measured the mRNA levels of 11 renal transporters and the transcription factor pregnane X receptor (PXR) with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and protein abundance of nine transporters using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry selective reaction monitoring, respectively. Expression levels of p‐glycoprotein, urate transporter 1, organic anion transporter 1, organic anion transporter 3, and organic cation transporter 2 increased with age. Protein levels of multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 2‐K and breast cancer resistance protein showed no difference from newborns to adults, despite age‐related changes in mRNA expression. Multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1, glucose transporter 2, multidrug resistance‐associated protein 2, multidrug resistance‐associated protein 4 (MRP4), and PXR expression levels were stable. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that MRP4 localization in pediatric samples was similar to that in adult samples. Collectively, our study revealed that renal drug transporters exhibited different rates and patterns of maturation, suggesting that renal handling of substrates may change with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Wun Kathy Cheung
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Office of Clinical PharmacologyOffice of Translational SciencesCenter for Drug Evaluation & ResearchUS Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE Fellow)Oak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Bianca D. van Groen
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric SurgeryErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Edwin Spaans
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric SurgeryErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
- CDTS Consulting BV & SDD Consulting BVEtten‐LeurThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Dick Tibboel
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric SurgeryErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Janneke N. Samsom
- Department of PediatricsErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Bart Smeets
- Department of PathologyRadboudumcNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Research and StandardsOffice of Generic DrugsCenter for Drug Evaluation & ResearchUS Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Shiew‐Mei Huang
- Office of Clinical PharmacologyOffice of Translational SciencesCenter for Drug Evaluation & ResearchUS Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Kathleen M. Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Saskia N. de Wildt
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric SurgeryErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
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22
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Crump C, Sundquist J, Winkleby MA, Sundquist K. Preterm birth and risk of chronic kidney disease from childhood into mid-adulthood: national cohort study. BMJ 2019; 365:l1346. [PMID: 31043374 PMCID: PMC6490674 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relation between preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) and risk of CKD from childhood into mid-adulthood. DESIGN National cohort study. SETTING Sweden. PARTICIPANTS 4 186 615 singleton live births in Sweden during 1973-2014. EXPOSURES Gestational age at birth, identified from nationwide birth records in the Swedish birth registry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES CKD, identified from nationwide inpatient and outpatient diagnoses through 2015 (maximum age 43 years). Cox regression was used to examine gestational age at birth and risk of CKD while adjusting for potential confounders, and co-sibling analyses assessed the influence of unmeasured shared familial (genetic or environmental) factors. RESULTS 4305 (0.1%) participants had a diagnosis of CKD during 87.0 million person years of follow-up. Preterm birth and extremely preterm birth (<28 weeks) were associated with nearly twofold and threefold risks of CKD, respectively, from birth into mid-adulthood (adjusted hazard ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.74 to 2.16; P<0.001; 3.01, 1.67 to 5.45; P<0.001). An increased risk was observed even among those born at early term (37-38 weeks) (1.30, 1.20 to 1.40; P<0.001). The association between preterm birth and CKD was strongest at ages 0-9 years (5.09, 4.11 to 6.31; P<0.001), then weakened but remained increased at ages 10-19 years (1.97, 1.57 to 2.49; P<0.001) and 20-43 years (1.34, 1.15 to 1.57; P<0.001). These associations affected both males and females and did not seem to be related to shared genetic or environmental factors in families. CONCLUSIONS Preterm and early term birth are strong risk factors for the development of CKD from childhood into mid-adulthood. People born prematurely need long term follow-up for monitoring and preventive actions to preserve renal function across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Crump
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Family Medicine and Community Health and of Population Health Science and Policy, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1077, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Lund University, Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marilyn A Winkleby
- Stanford University, Stanford Prevention Research Centre, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Lund University, Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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23
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Wang J, Liu M, Zhao L, Li Y, Zhang M, Jin Y, Xiong Q, Liu X, Zhang L, Jiang H, Chen Q, Wang C, You Z, Yang H, Cao C, Dai Y, Li R. Disabling of nephrogenesis in porcine embryos via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated SIX1 and SIX4 gene targeting. Xenotransplantation 2019; 26:e12484. [PMID: 30623494 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIX1 and SIX4 genes play critical roles in kidney development. We evaluated the effect of these genes on pig kidney development by generating SIX1-/- and SIX1-/- /SIX4-/- pig foetuses using CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer. We obtained 3 SIX1-/- foetuses and 16 SIX1-/- /SIX4-/- foetuses at different developmental stages. The SIX1-/- foetuses showed a migration block of the left kidney and a smaller size for both kidneys. The ureteric bud failed to form the normal branching and collecting system. Abnormal expressions of kidney development-related genes (downregulation of PAX2, PAX8, and BMP4 and upregulation of EYA1 and SALL1) were also observed in SIX1-/- foetal kidneys and confirmed in vitro in porcine kidney epithelial cells (PK15) following SIX1 gene deletion. The SIX1-/- /SIX4-/- foetuses exhibited more severe phenotypes, with most foetuses showing retarded development at early stages of gestation. The kidney developed only to the initial stage of metanephros formation. These results demonstrated that SIX1 and SIX4 are key genes for porcine metanephros development. The creation of kidney-deficient porcine foetuses provides a platform for generating human kidneys inside pigs using blastocyst complementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manling Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanru Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibin Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyuan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changchun Cao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongfeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Jain S, Chen F. Developmental pathology of congenital kidney and urinary tract anomalies. Clin Kidney J 2018; 12:382-399. [PMID: 31198539 PMCID: PMC6543978 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidneys or lower urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most common causes of renal failure in children and account for 25% of end-stage renal disease in adults. The spectrum of anomalies includes renal agenesis; hypoplasia; dysplasia; supernumerary, ectopic or fused kidneys; duplication; ureteropelvic junction obstruction; primary megaureter or ureterovesical junction obstruction; vesicoureteral reflux; ureterocele; and posterior urethral valves. CAKUT originates from developmental defects and can occur in isolation or as part of other syndromes. In recent decades, along with better understanding of the pathological features of the human congenital urinary tract defects, researchers using animal models have provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis of these diseases. However, the genetic causes and etiology of many CAKUT cases remain unknown, presenting challenges in finding effective treatment. Here we provide an overview of the critical steps of normal development of the urinary system, followed by a description of the pathological features of major types of CAKUT with respect to developmental mechanisms of their etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Jain
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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25
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Yun K, Hurwitz AA, Perantoni AO. Constitutive metanephric mesenchyme-specific expression of interferon-gamma causes renal dysplasia by regulating Sall1 expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197356. [PMID: 29771971 PMCID: PMC5957351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplacental viral and parasitic infections have been shown to initiate an innate response in the mammalian embryo by increasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma (Ifng). However, the developmental consequences of an activated innate immunity and, in particular, the effects of induction of Ifng expression independent of infection have been largely overlooked. Here, we demonstrate in vivo that the conditional overexpression of Ifng in metanephric mesenchymal (MM) progenitors results in renal agenesis or hypoplasia. Cell death was observed in and around the MM region of E10.5-11.5 mutants where Ifng was constitutively expressed during early kidney development and resulted in a retardation of branching morphogenesis. Furthermore, isolated mutant or normal Ifng-treated metanephroi replicated this phenotype in culture, demonstrating the inherent nature of the aberrant morphogenesis. The expression of renal progenitor marker Sall1 was significantly decreased in the MM of mutant kidneys, suggesting that a reduction in Sall1 may be the cause of cell death in the MM during early kidney development and that, in turn, retards UB branching in the mutants. Therefore, the aberrant induction of Ifng expression, as part of an innate immune response, may contribute to renal agenesis or hypoplasia during early metanephric development by regulating the MM progenitor population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangsun Yun
- National Cancer Institute/NIH, Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Arthur A. Hurwitz
- National Cancer Institute/NIH, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Alan O. Perantoni
- National Cancer Institute/NIH, Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Lithium induces mesenchymal-epithelial differentiation during human kidney development by activation of the Wnt signalling system. Cell Death Discov 2018. [PMID: 29531810 PMCID: PMC5841285 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-017-0021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney function is directly linked to the number of nephrons which are generated until 32–36 weeks gestation in humans. Failure to make nephrons during development leads to congenital renal malformations, whilst nephron loss in adulthood occurs in progressive renal disease. Therefore, an understanding of the molecular processes which underlie human nephron development may help design new treatments for renal disease. Mesenchyme to epithelial transition (MET) is critical for forming nephrons, and molecular pathways which control rodent MET have been identified. However, we do not know whether they are relevant in human kidney development. In this study, we isolated mesenchymal cell lines derived from human first trimester kidneys in monolayer culture and investigated their differentiation potential. We found that the mesenchymal cells could convert into osteogenic, but not adipogenic or endothelial lineages. Furthermore, addition of lithium chloride led to MET which was accompanied by increases in epithelial (CDH1) and tubular (ENPEP) markers and downregulation of renal progenitor (SIX2, EYA1, CD133) and mesenchymal markers (HGF, CD24). Prior to phenotypic changes, lithium chloride altered Wnt signalling with elevations in AXIN2, GSK3β phosphorylation and β-catenin. Collectively, these studies provide the first evidence that lithium-induced Wnt activation causes MET in human kidneys. Therapies targeting Wnts may be critical in the quest to regenerate nephrons for human renal diseases.
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27
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Cazorla-Vázquez S, Engel FB. Adhesion GPCRs in Kidney Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:9. [PMID: 29468160 PMCID: PMC5808184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents the fastest growing pathology worldwide with a prevalence of >10% in many countries. In addition, kidney cancer represents 5% of all new diagnosed cancers. As currently no effective therapies exist to restore kidney function after CKD- as well as cancer-induced renal damage, it is important to elucidate new regulators of kidney development and disease as new therapeutic targets. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the most successful class of pharmaceutical targets. In recent years adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs), the second largest GPCR family, gained significant attention as they are present on almost all mammalian cells, are associated to a plethora of diseases and regulate important cellular processes. aGPCRs regulate for example cell polarity, mitotic spindle orientation, cell migration, and cell aggregation; all processes that play important roles in kidney development and/or disease. Moreover, polycystin-1, a major regulator of kidney development and disease, contains a GAIN domain, which is otherwise only found in aGPCRs. In this review, we assess the potential of aGPCRs as therapeutic targets for kidney disease. For this purpose we have summarized the available literature and analyzed data from the databases The Human Protein Atlas, EURExpress, Nephroseq, FireBrowse, cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics and the National Cancer Institute Genomic Data Commons data portal (NCIGDC). Our data indicate that most aGPCRs are expressed in different spatio-temporal patterns during kidney development and that altered aGPCR expression is associated with a variety of kidney diseases including CKD, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis as well as renal cell carcinoma. We conclude that aGPCRs present a promising new class of therapeutic targets and/or might be useful as diagnostic markers in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Cazorla-Vázquez
- Department of Nephropathology, Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix B Engel
- Department of Nephropathology, Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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28
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Qiu X, Wei R, Li Y, Zhu Q, Xiong C, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Lu K, He F, Zhang L. NEDL2 regulates enteric nervous system and kidney development in its Nedd8 ligase activity-dependent manner. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31440-53. [PMID: 27119228 PMCID: PMC5058769 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The GDNF (Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor)/Ret/Akt signaling pathway is essential to the development of ENS (enteric nervous system) as well as kidney. We previously showed that the HECT-type E3 ligase NEDL2 (Nedd4-like ligase 2) is required for the ENS development by activating GDNF/Ret/Akt. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here we show that in addition to ENS, NEDL2 is also pivotal for kidney development since about 1/3 of Nedl2-deficient mice displayed postnatal unilateral or bilateral kidney hydronephrosis. Double knockout of Nedl1 and Nedl2 in mice leads to postnatal lethal within 2 weeks and the phenotypes resemble those of Nedl2 single knockout mice. Surprisingly, its close member NEDL1 is dispensable for ENS and kidney function and the reason is lack of NEDL1 expression in these systems during early development. Furthermore, biochemical analysis indicated that NEDL2 appears to act like a scaffold protein to recruit SHC, Grb2, PI3K (p110 and p85), PDK1 and Akt together to promote the signaling transduction. Intriguingly, we found that NEDL2 harbours intrinsic Nedd8 ligase activity with cysteine 1341 as the core site. NEDL2 upregulates GDNF-stimulated Akt activity dependent of its Nedd8 ligase activity but not its ubiquitin ligase activity. These findings demonstrate that NEDL2 but not NEDL1 is required for ENS and kidney development in a unique Nedd8 ligase-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Rongfei Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qiong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Cong Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Fuchu He
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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29
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Minuth W. Reading First Coordinates from the Nephrogenic Zone in Human Fetal Kidney. Nephron Clin Pract 2017; 138:137-146. [DOI: 10.1159/000481441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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30
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Lee KH, Gee HY, Shin JI. Genetics of vesicoureteral reflux and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Investig Clin Urol 2017; 58:S4-S13. [PMID: 28612055 PMCID: PMC5468264 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2017.58.s1.s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The definition of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) is the disease of structural malformations in the kidney and/or urinary tract containing vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). These anomalies can cause pediatric chronic kidney disease. However, the pathogenesis of CAKUT is not well understood, because identifying the genetic architecture of CAKUT is difficult due to the phenotypic heterogeneity and multifactorial genetic penetrance. We describe the current genetic basis and mechanisms of CAKUT including VUR via approaching the steps and signaling pathways of kidney developmental processes. We also focus on the newly developed strategies and challenges to fully address the role of the associated genes in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Severance Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Severance Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Hall G, Routh JC, Gbadegesin RA. Urinary Anomalies in 22q11.2 Deletion (DiGeorge syndrome): From Copy Number Variations to Single-Gene Determinants of Phenotype. Am J Kidney Dis 2017; 70:8-10. [PMID: 28456345 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gentzon Hall
- Duke University School of Medicine and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan C Routh
- Duke University School of Medicine and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rasheed A Gbadegesin
- Duke University School of Medicine and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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32
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Genetics of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract: The Current State of Play. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040796. [PMID: 28398236 PMCID: PMC5412380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most frequent form of malformation at birth and represent the cause of 40–50% of pediatric and 7% of adult end-stage renal disease worldwide. The pathogenesis of CAKUT is based on the disturbance of normal nephrogenesis, secondary to environmental and genetic causes. Often CAKUT is the first clinical manifestation of a complex systemic disease, so an early molecular diagnosis can help the physician identify other subtle clinical manifestations, significantly affecting the management and prognosis of patients. The number of sporadic CAKUT cases explained by highly penetrant mutations in a single gene may have been overestimated over the years and a genetic diagnosis is missed in most cases, hence the importance of identifying new genetic approaches which can help unraveling the vast majority of unexplained CAKUT cases. The aim of our review is to clarify the current state of play and the future perspectives of the genetic bases of CAKUT.
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33
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Abstract
The use of serum creatinine levels to estimate glomerular function in infants is admittedly fraught with inherent inaccuracies which are both physiological and methodological in nature. This characteristic can understandably reduce the neonatal clinician's confidence in the ability of serum creatinine levels to provide useful information relevant to their patients' medical care. The aim of this review is to provide further insight into the peculiarities of serum creatinine trends in both premature and term infants with special focus on the maturational and developmental changes occurring in the kidney during this crucial time-period. Though newer markers of glomerular function are gaining increasing traction in the clinical realm, the most prominent of which is currently cystatin C, creatinine nonetheless remains an important player in the scientific evolution of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation. Not only do its limitations provide a level of distinction for newer markers of GFR, but its advantages persist in refining the precision of newer GFR formulae which incorporate multiple patient characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Kastl
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sanford Children's Hospital, 1600 W 22nd St., Sioux Falls, SD 57117, USA.
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34
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Newsome AD, Davis GK, Ojeda NB, Alexander BT. Complications during pregnancy and fetal development: implications for the occurrence of chronic kidney disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2017; 15:211-220. [PMID: 28256177 PMCID: PMC5543771 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2017.1294066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous epidemiological studies indicate an inverse association between birth weight and the risk for chronic kidney disease. Areas covered: Historically, the first studies to address the developmental origins of chronic disease focused on the inverse relationship between birth weight and blood pressure. A reduction in nephron number was a consistent finding in low birth weight individuals and experimental models of developmental insult. Recent studies indicate that a congenital reduction in renal reserve in conjunction with an increase in blood pressure that has its origins in fetal life increases vulnerability to renal injury and disease. Expert commentary: Limited experimental studies have investigated the mechanisms that contribute to the developmental origins of kidney disease. Several studies suggest that enhanced susceptibility to renal injury following a developmental insult is altered by sex and age. More in-depth studies are needed to clarify how low birth weight contributes to enhanced renal risk, and how sex and age influence this adverse relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D. Newsome
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Gwendolyn K. Davis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Norma B. Ojeda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Barbara T. Alexander
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
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35
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Assessment of kidney function in preterm infants: lifelong implications. Pediatr Nephrol 2016; 31:2213-2222. [PMID: 26846786 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-016-3320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This educational review will highlight the historical and contemporary references that establish a basic understanding of measurements of kidney function in the neonate and its relevance for the life of an individual. Importantly, the differential renal function of preterm infants relative to term infants has become paramount with the increased viability of preterm infants and the realization that kidney function is associated with gestational age. Moreover, neonatal kidney function is primarily associated with absolute renal mass and hemodynamic stability. Neonatal kidney function and its early developmental progression predict lifelong cardiovascular and renal disease risks. Validation of estimation equations of kidney function in this population has provided important reference data for other investigations and a clinical basis for prospective and longitudinal follow-up. Future research should be directed towards a better understanding of surrogate markers of kidney function from infancy through adulthood. Pediatric nephrologists should be aware of the developmental aspects of kidney function including the importance of the congenital nephron endowment and the preservation of kidney function throughout a lifetime. • Nephrogenesis occurs in utero in concert with other organ systems by branching morphogenesis, including the lungs, pancreas, and vascular tree, with over 60 % of nephrons being formed during the last trimester. • Infants born preterm before 36 weeks' gestation are in active nephrogenesis and are at increased risk of having a decreased nephron endowment from prenatal and postnatal genetic and epigenetic hazards that will impact the patient for a lifetime. • Post-natal adaptation of kidney function is directly proportional to the number of perfused nephrons, estimated by total kidney volume (TKV), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and gestational age. • Accurate measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in infants is problematic due to the unavailability of the gold standard inulin. The traditional use of creatinine to estimate GFR is unreliable in preterm infants due to its tubular reabsorption by immature kidneys and its dependence on muscle mass as an endogenous marker. Alternative endogenous markers to estimate GFR are cystatin C and beta trace protein (BTP). • Long-term follow-up of renal function in those born preterm should be life long and should include assessment of GFR, total kidney volume (TKV) relative to body surface area (BSA), and cardiovascular risks including hypertension and vascular stiffness.
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Cizkova K, Rajdova A, Ehrmann J. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase as a Potential Key Factor for Human Prenatal Development. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 201:277-86. [PMID: 27144772 DOI: 10.1159/000444674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) converts highly active epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) generated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases from arachidonic acid to less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. Because of the role of EETs in processes potentially relevant to the development of organisms, EETs could be suggested as potential morphogens. Unfortunately, only little is known about sEH expression during human intrauterine development (IUD). We investigated the spatio-temporal expression pattern of sEH in human embryonic/foetal intestines, liver and kidney from the 6th to the 20th week of IUD by two-step immunohistochemistry. sEH was expressed during the whole tested period of prenatal development and its level of expression remained more or less the same during the estimated period of IUD. Distribution of CYP epoxygenases and sEH in the intestinal epithelium and the nephrogenic zone of the kidney suggests an influence of EETs on cell proliferation and differentiation and, consequently, on the development of intestines and kidney. Thus, alterations in the strict spatio-temporal pattern of expression of CYP epoxygenases and/or sEH during human prenatal development by xenobiotics could have a harmful impact for developing organisms.
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Morton JS, Cooke CL, Davidge ST. In Utero Origins of Hypertension: Mechanisms and Targets for Therapy. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:549-603. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease theory is based on evidence that a suboptimal environment during fetal and neonatal development can significantly impact the evolution of adult-onset disease. Abundant evidence exists that a compromised prenatal (and early postnatal) environment leads to an increased risk of hypertension later in life. Hypertension is a silent, chronic, and progressive disease defined by elevated blood pressure (>140/90 mmHg) and is strongly correlated with cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms, however, are complex and poorly understood, and hypertension continues to be one of the most resilient health problems in modern society. Research into the programming of hypertension has proposed pharmacological treatment strategies to reverse and/or prevent disease. In addition, modifications to the lifestyle of pregnant women might impart far-reaching benefits to the health of their children. As more information is discovered, more successful management of hypertension can be expected to follow; however, while pregnancy complications such as fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, preterm birth, etc., continue to occur, their offspring will be at increased risk for hypertension. This article reviews the current knowledge surrounding the developmental origins of hypertension, with a focus on mechanistic pathways and targets for therapeutic and pharmacologic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude S. Morton
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christy-Lynn Cooke
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
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Fanni D, Gerosa C, Vinci L, Ambu R, Dessì A, Eyken PV, Fanos V, Faa G. Interstitial stromal progenitors during kidney development: here, there and everywhere. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 29:3815-20. [PMID: 26866875 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2016.1147553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the renal interstitium has been identified as the site of multiple cell types, giving rise to multiple contiguous cellular networks with multiple fundamental structural and functional roles. Few studies have been carried out on the morphological and functional properties of the stromal/interstitial renal cells during the intrauterine life. This work was aimed at reviewing the peculiar features of renal interstitial stem/progenitor cells involved in kidney development. The origin of the renal interstitial progenitor cells remains unknown. During kidney development, besides the Six2 + cells of the cap mesenchyme, a self-renewing progenitor population, characterized by the expression of Foxd1, represents the first actor of the non-nephrogenic lineage. Foxd1 + interstitial progenitors originate the cortical and the renal medullary interstitial progenitors. Here, the most important stromal/interstitial compartments present in the developing human kidney will be analyzed: capsular stromal cells, cortical interstitial cells, medullary interstitial cells, the interstitium inside the renal stem cell niche, Hilar interstitial cells and Ureteric interstitial cells. Data reported here indicate that the different interstitial compartments of the developing kidney are formed by different cell types that characterize the different renal areas. Further studies are needed to better characterize the different pools of renal interstitial progenitors and their role in human nephrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fanni
- a Division of Pathology , Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Clara Gerosa
- a Division of Pathology , Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Laura Vinci
- a Division of Pathology , Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Rossano Ambu
- a Division of Pathology , Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Angelica Dessì
- b Department of Surgical Sciences , NICU Center and Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy , and
| | - Peter Van Eyken
- c Department of Pathology , University Hospitals, KU , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- b Department of Surgical Sciences , NICU Center and Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy , and
| | - Gavino Faa
- a Division of Pathology , Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
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Soliman NA, Ali RI, Ghobrial EE, Habib EI, Ziada AM. Pattern of clinical presentation of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract among infants and children. Nephrology (Carlton) 2016; 20:413-8. [PMID: 25645028 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) comprise various entities of structural malformations that result from defects in morphogenesis of the kidney and/or urinary tract. These anomalies are the most commonly diagnosed malformations in the prenatal period and constitute the leading cause of end-+stage renal disease (ESRD) in children, worldwide. This prospective study was performed to report the patterns of clinical presentation and diagnosis of infants and children with such malformations. METHODS Patients with suggestive features of CAKUT, presenting to Cairo University Children Hospital over one year duration were investigated and categorized based on underlying renal structural/functional malformation and associated extra-renal anomalies. RESULTS One hundred and seven CAKUT children were enrolled in the study. Familial clustering was identified in 14% of the cohort and syndromic CAKUT accounted for 31.8% of cases. Different anomaly entities have been identified; posterior urethral valves (PUV) being the commonest detected abnormality (36.4%). Of note, 9.3% of cohort patients had ESRD at presentation, of which 60% had PUV as their primary renal disease. Obstructive cases were noted to present significantly earlier and attain advanced CKD stages rather than non-obstructive ones. CONCLUSION CAKUT is a clinically heterogeneous group of diseases with diverse clinical phenotypes. More efforts should be aimed at improving antenatal detection as well as classification with comprehensive reference to the clinical, genetic and molecular features of the diseases. The high frequency of familial and syndromic CAKUT among studied patients is seemingly a convincing reason to pursue the underlying genetic defect in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen A Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Pediatric Nephrology & Transplantation, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Minuth WW, Denk L. Special Morphological Features at the Interface of the Renal Stem/Progenitor Cell Niche Force to Reinvestigate Transport of Morphogens During Nephron Induction. Biores Open Access 2016; 5:49-60. [PMID: 26862472 PMCID: PMC4744892 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of a nephron depends on reciprocal signaling of different morphogens between epithelial and mesenchymal cells within the renal stem/progenitor cell niche. Previously, it has been surmised that a close proximity exists between both involved cell types and that morphogens are transported between them by diffusion. However, actual morphological data illustrate that mesenchymal and epithelial stem/progenitor cell bodies are separated by a striking interface. Special fixation of specimens by glutaraldehyde (GA) solution including cupromeronic blue, ruthenium red, or tannic acid for electron microscopy depicts that the interface is not void but filled in extended areas by textured extracellular matrix. Surprisingly, projections of mesenchymal cells cross the interface to contact epithelial cells. At those sites the plasma membranes of a mesenchymal and an epithelial cell are connected via tunneling nanotubes. Regarding detected morphological features in combination with involved morphogens, their transport cannot longer be explained solely by diffusion. Instead, it has to be sorted according to biophysical properties of morphogens and to detected environment. Thus, the new working hypothesis is that morphogens with good solubility such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are transported by diffusion. Morphogens with minor solubility such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted and stored for delivery on demand in illustrated extracellular matrix. In contrast, morphogens with poor solubility such as Wnts are transported in mesenchymal cell projections along the plasma membrane or via illustrated tunneling nanotubes. However, the presence of an intercellular route between mesenchymal and epithelial stem/progenitor cells by tunneling nanotubes also makes it possible that all morphogens are transported this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lucia Denk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
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Fanni D, Sanna A, Gerosa C, Puddu M, Faa G, Fanos V. Each niche has an actor: multiple stem cell niches in the preterm kidney. Ital J Pediatr 2015; 41:78. [PMID: 26472160 PMCID: PMC4608192 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-015-0187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The preterm kidney cannot be simply considered as a kidney small in size: as compared to the adult kidney, the developing organ of the preterm infant is characterized by marked differences regarding the architecture and cell components. At macroscopy, fine linear demarcations indenting the renal surface characterize the fetal and preterm kidney. At microscopy, multiple major architectural changes differentiate the developing kidney from the adult one: a large capsule with a high cellularity; the branching ureteric bud, extending from the hilum towards the renal capsule; striking morphological differences among superficial (just born) and deep (more mature) glomeruli; persistence of remnants of the metanephric mesenchyme in the hylum; incomplete differentiation of developing proximal and distal tubules. At cellular level, kidneys of preterm infants are characterized by huge amounts of stem/precursor cells showing different degrees of differentiation, admixed with mature cell types. The most striking difference between the preterm and adult kidney is represented by the abundance of stem/progenitor cells in the former. Multiple stem cell niches may be identified in the preterm kidney, including the capsule, the sub-capsular nephrogenic zone, the cap mesenchyme embracing the ureteric bud tips, the cortical and medullary interstitium, and the hilar zone in proximity of the ureteric origin. The sub-capsular area represents the major stem cell niche in the prenatal kidney. It has been defined “blue strip”, due to the scarcity of cytoplasm of the undifferentiated stem/progenitors, which appear as small cells arranged in a solid pattern. All these data taken together, the morphological approach to the analysis of the preterm kidney appears completely different from that typically utilized in kidney biopsies from adult subjects. Such a different structure should be taken into account when evaluating renal function in a preterm infant in clinical practice. Moreover, a better knowledge of molecular biology of the blue strip stem/progenitor cells could be at the basis of a new “endogenous” regenerative medicine, finalized to maintain and protect the nephrogenic potential of preterm infants till the 36th week of post-conceptional age, allowing them to escape oligonephronia and chronic kidney disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fanni
- Department of Pathology, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 56, 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - A Sanna
- Department of Pathology, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 56, 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - C Gerosa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 56, 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - M Puddu
- Department of Surgery, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Policlinico Monserrato, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy.
| | - G Faa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 56, 09100, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - V Fanos
- Department of Surgery, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Policlinico Monserrato, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy.
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Ambu R, Vinci L, Gerosa C, Fanni D, Obinu E, Faa A, Fanos V. WT1 expression in the human fetus during development. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2499. [PMID: 26150159 PMCID: PMC4503972 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms’ Tumor 1 (WT1) is a transcription factor involved in the development of the urogenital system. The purpose of this study was to analyze the immunoreactivity for WT1 protein in different tissues and organs in human fetuses in early phases of gestation. To this end, samples from multiple organs were obtained from 4 human fetuses, ranging from 7 up to 12 weeks of gestation. Each sample was formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded and immunostained for WT1. Our data show that WT1 is involved in development of multiple human organs in a more vast series of cells types than previously reported. Immunostaining for WT1 was characterized by a predominant cytoplasmic reactivity in the vast majority of cell types. Mesenchimal progenitors in the fetal lung, ductal plate progenitors in fetal liver, cap mesenchimal cells in the developing kidney, fetal zone cells in adrenal glands, atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes in the fetal heart, radial glial cells in the fetal cerebral cortex and skeletal muscle cell precursors showed the highest levels of WT1 immunoreactivity. Future studies will be needed to detect differences in the expression of WT1 in various organs at different gestational ages, in order to better evaluate the role of WT1 in cell proliferation and differentiation during intrauterine human development.
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Renal physiological regenerative medicine to prevent chronic renal failure: should we start at birth? Clin Chim Acta 2015; 444:156-62. [PMID: 25701508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
With the incidence of end-stage renal disease increasing dramatically during the last ten years, its prevalence rising about 8% per year, chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents one of the most problematic public health problems worldwide. CKD represents a growing clinical problem that, in its terminal stages, requires renal replacement therapy. Kidney transplant has been proposed as the definitive therapy able to address the growing clinical, social and economic problems related to the increasing prevalence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Traditional stem cell-based regenerative medicine, when applied to kidneys disrupted by end-stage renal disease, has been shown to be unable to regenerate the damaged organ. The theme of this work is to hypothesize a new approach to the prevention of CKD, based on the management of the huge amount of stem/progenitor cells physiologically present in the kidney of preterm babies at birth. Here a new concept of primary prevention of renal disease is suggested: a true primary prevention, starting in the perinatal period aimed at increasing the number of functioning glomeruli. This approach has been defined as "physiological regenerative medicine", in order to underline the use of physiological tools, including endogenous renal stem cells and stem cell stimulators physiologically expressed in our cells.
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45
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First series of 18 pregnancies after ulipristal acetate treatment for uterine fibroids. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:1404-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Schreuder MF, Bueters RRG, Allegaert K. The interplay between drugs and the kidney in premature neonates. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29:2083-91. [PMID: 24217783 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The kidney plays a central role in the clearance of drugs. However, renal drug handling entails more than glomerular filtration and includes tubular excretion and reabsorption, and intracellular metabolization by cellular enzyme systems, such as the Cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. All these processes show maturation from birth onwards, which is one of the reasons why drug dosing in children is not simply similar to dosing in small adults. As kidney development normally finishes around the 36th week of gestation, being born prematurely will result in even more immature renal drug handling. Environmental effects, such as extra-uterine growth restriction, sepsis, asphyxia, or drug treatments like caffeine, aminoglycosides, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, may further hamper drug handling in the kidney. Dosing in preterm neonates is therefore dependent on many factors that need to be taken into account. Drug treatment may significantly hamper postnatal kidney development in preterm neonates, just like renal immaturity has an impact on drug handling. The restricted kidney development results in a lower number of nephrons that may have several long-term sequelae, such as hypertension, albuminuria, and renal failure. This review focuses on the interplay between drugs and the kidney in premature neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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Crobe A, Desogus M, Sanna A, Fraschini M, Gerosa C, Fanni D, Fanos V, Van Eyken P, Faa G. Decreasing podocyte number during human kidney intrauterine development. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F1033-40. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00165.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephron number at birth has relevant clinical importance with implications for long-term renal health. In recent years, the podocyte depletion hypothesis has emerged as an important concept in kidney pathology. This study was aimed at verifying whether human podocyte number changes significantly during intrauterine life. To this end, 62 subjects with gestational ages ranging from 20 to 41 wk were examined. Kidney sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and digitally scanned at ×400 magnification. Subjects were subdivided into fetuses (gestational age ≤24 wk, n = 5), preterms (gestational age ≥25 and ≤36 wk, n = 39), and full-term newborns (gestational age ≥37 wk, n = 18). The average podocyte number of 1,908 ± 645, 1,394 ± 498, and 1,126 ± 256 was, respectively, observed in fetuses, preterms, and full-term newborns. A significant main effect ( P = 0.0051) of gestational age on podocyte number was observed with a significantly lower number in full-term newborns than in fetuses ( P < 0.01). Intragroup variability was also observed. We speculate that variations in podocyte number could be correlated with factors such as drugs and maternal diet occurring during intrauterine life. In conclusion, this study shows, for the first time, a decreasing trend in podocyte number during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Crobe
- Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M. Desogus
- Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A. Sanna
- Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M. Fraschini
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - C. Gerosa
- Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - D. Fanni
- Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - V. Fanos
- NICU, Neonatal Pathology, Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; and
| | - P. Van Eyken
- Department of Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G. Faa
- Section of Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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From ureteric bud to the first glomeruli: genes, mediators, kidney alterations. Int Urol Nephrol 2014; 47:109-16. [PMID: 25201458 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-014-0784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of the mammalian kidney is a complex and in part unknown process which requires interactions between pluripotential/stem cells, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, epithelial and mesenchymal components, eventually leading to the coordinate development of multiple different specialized epithelial, endothelial and stromal cell types within the kidney architectural complexity. We will describe the embryology and molecular nephrogenetic mechanisms, a fascinating traffic of cells and tissues which takes place in five stages: (1) ureteric bud (UB) development; (2) cap mesenchyme formation; (3) mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET); (4) glomerulogenesis and tubulogenesis; (5) interstitial cell development. In particular, we will analyze the multiple cell types involved in these dramatic events as characters moving between different worlds, from the mesenchymal to the epithelial world and back, and will start to define the multiple factors that propel these cells during their travels throughout the developing kidney. Moreover, according with the hypothesis of renal perinatal programing, we will present the results reached in the fields of immunohistochemistry and molecular biology, by means of which we can explain how a loss or excess of molecular factors governing nephrogenesis may cause the onset of pathologies of different gravity, in some cases leading to a chronic kidney disease at different times from birth.
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Abstract
The presence of ectopic liver tissue has been reported in various abdominal and extra-abdominal sites, most often in the gall bladder. Other rare sites include the retroperitoneum and the adrenal gland, which are anatomically closer to the kidney. However, our literature search did not reveal any reports of ectopic liver tissue within the kidney. We present such a case, detected incidentally during a fetal autopsy histologic examination, and we review the possible developmental aspects causing it. Ectopic liver is usually asymptomatic, although it can carry pathology similar to the orthotopic liver. It can be associated with other congenital anomalies and, rarely, can be the cause for clinical emergencies. The most significant implication, however, is development of hepatocellular carcinoma because of an increased predisposition compared with the native liver. Hence, we suggest that ectopic liver in the kidney should be considered by histopathologists, even in unsuspecting cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashirwad Merve
- Department of Cellular Pathology, The Royal London Hospital, Pathology and Pharmacy Building, 80 Newark Street, London E1 2ES, United Kingdom
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Glomerular development--shaping the multi-cellular filtration unit. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 36:39-49. [PMID: 25153928 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The glomerulus represents a highly structured filtration unit, composed of glomerular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, podocytes and parietal epithelial cells. During glomerulogenesis an intricate network of signaling pathways involving transcription factors, secreted factors and cell-cell communication is required to guarantee accurate evolvement of a functional, complex 3-dimensional glomerular architecture. Here, we want to provide an overview on the critical steps and relevant signaling cascades of glomerular development.
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