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Domaniku-Waraich A, Agca S, Toledo B, Sucuoglu M, Özen SD, Bilgic SN, Arabaci DH, Kashgari AE, Kir S. Oncostatin M signaling drives cancer-associated skeletal muscle wasting. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101498. [PMID: 38569555 PMCID: PMC11031427 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Progressive weakness and muscle loss are associated with multiple chronic conditions, including muscular dystrophy and cancer. Cancer-associated cachexia, characterized by dramatic weight loss and fatigue, leads to reduced quality of life and poor survival. Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in muscle atrophy; however, available anticytokine therapies failed to prevent muscle wasting in cancer patients. Here, we show that oncostatin M (OSM) is a potent inducer of muscle atrophy. OSM triggers cellular atrophy in primary myotubes using the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Identification of OSM targets by RNA sequencing reveals the induction of various muscle atrophy-related genes, including Atrogin1. OSM overexpression in mice causes muscle wasting, whereas muscle-specific deletion of the OSM receptor (OSMR) and the neutralization of circulating OSM preserves muscle mass and function in tumor-bearing mice. Our results indicate that activated OSM/OSMR signaling drives muscle atrophy, and the therapeutic targeting of this pathway may be useful in preventing muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samet Agca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Batu Toledo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Melis Sucuoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Sevgi Döndü Özen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Sevval Nur Bilgic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Dilsad Hilal Arabaci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Aynur Erkin Kashgari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye
| | - Serkan Kir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkiye.
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2
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Sechrist ZR, Lee G, Schwarz EM, Cole CL. Validation of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry for longitudinal quantification of tumor burden in a murine model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292196. [PMID: 38165848 PMCID: PMC10760650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive imaging is central to preclinical, in vivo models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). While bioluminescent imaging (BLI) is a gold standard, its signal is dependent on the metabolic activity of tumor cells. In contrast, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is a direct measure of body composition. Thus, we aimed to assess its potential for longitudinal quantification of tumor burden versus BLI. We utilized the KCKO murine model of PDAC and subjected tumor-bearing (n = 20) and non-tumor control (NTC) (n = 10) animals to weekly BLI and DEXA measurements for up to 10 weeks. While BLI detected tumors at 1-week, it failed to detect tumor growth, displayed a decreasing trend overtime (slope = -9.0x108; p = 0.0028), and terminal signal did not correlate with ex vivo tumor mass (r = 0.01853; p = 0.6286). In contrast, DEXA did not detect elevated changes in abdominal cavity lean mass until week 2 post inoculation and tumors were not visible until week 3, but successfully quantified a tumor growth trend (slope = 0.7322; p<0.0001), and strongly correlated with final tumor mass (r = 0.9351; p<0.0001). These findings support the use of BLI for initial tumor engraftment and persistence but demonstrate the superiority of DEXA for longitudinal tumor burden studies. As tumor detection by DEXA is not restricted to luciferase expressing models, future studies to assess its value in various cancer models and as an in vivo outcome measure of treatment efficacy are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R. Sechrist
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Grace Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Edward M. Schwarz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Calvin L. Cole
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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3
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Sun Y, Cai W, Zhang X, Hui T, Xu Y, Han D, Dou X, Wang Z, Wang J, Lin G, Wang L, Hao J, Fu S, Wu Y, Chen R, Qin Y, Zhang Y, Gu M, Bai Z, Wang Z. Association analysis for SNPs of MSTN and IGFBP-3 genes with body size and other production traits in Liaoning Cashmere Goats. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1796-1806. [PMID: 35507891 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2051043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Liaoning cashmere goat (LCG) have tall bones, high cashmere production and outstanding meat production performance. In recent years, good breeding progress has not been made in terms of body size, meat yield, milk yield and other properties in terms of production. The study focused on the correlation between the SNPs of MSTN and IGFBP-3 genes with the body size performance, cashmere production and milk performance. The MSTN and IGFBP-3 gene sequence alignment and PCR-Seq polymorphism were used to detect the potential SNPs, and the correlation with production performance was analyzed by SPSS and SHEsis software. The results showed that the TT genotype at the T1662G locus of the MSTN gene is dominant and has significant advantages in body measurements such as sacrum height, chest width, and waist height. The C allele at the C4021T locus of IGFBP-3 gene shows an advantage in the body measurement performance. Among the haplotype combinations, H2H2:TGTC is preponderant combination for body size performance, H2H2:TGTC and H1H2:TGCC are preponderant combinations for cashmere production performance, H1H3:GGCC is preponderant combination for milk production performance. It may be a molecular marker for future selection and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinggang Sun
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weidong Cai
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinjiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Taiyu Hui
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Han
- Liaoning Province Modern Agricultural Production Base Construction Engineering Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingtang Dou
- Liaoning Province Modern Agricultural Production Base Construction Engineering Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhanhong Wang
- Liaoning Province Modern Agricultural Production Base Construction Engineering Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaming Wang
- Liaoning Province Modern Agricultural Production Base Construction Engineering Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangyu Lin
- Liaoning Province Modern Agricultural Production Base Construction Engineering Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Province Modern Agricultural Production Base Construction Engineering Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianjun Hao
- Administration Bureau of Zhungeer Banner, Erdos City, China
| | - Shuqing Fu
- Lantian Sub-district Office, Zhungeer Banner, Ordos City, China
| | - Yanzhi Wu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuting Qin
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Gu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhixian Bai
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zeying Wang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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4
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Sechrist ZR, Lee G, Schwarz EM, Cole CL. Validation of Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry for longitudinal quantification of tumor burden in a murine model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.17.558153. [PMID: 37790492 PMCID: PMC10542135 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.17.558153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive imaging is central to preclinical, in vivo models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). While bioluminescent imaging (BLI) is a gold standard, its signal is dependent on the metabolic activity of tumor cells. In contrast, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is a direct measure of body composition. Thus, we aimed to assess its potential for longitudinal quantification of tumor burden versus BLI. We utilized the KCKO murine model of PDAC and subjected tumor-bearing (n = 20) and non-tumor control (NTC) (n = 10) animals to weekly BLI and DEXA measurements for up to 10 weeks. While BLI detected tumors at 1-week, it failed to detect tumor growth, displayed a decreasing trend overtime (slope = -9.0×108; p = 0.0028), and terminal signal did not correlate with ex vivo tumor mass (r = 0.01853; p = 0.6286). In contrast, DEXA did not detect elevated changes in abdominal cavity lean mass until week 2 post inoculation and tumors were not visible until week 3, but successfully quantified a tumor growth trend (slope = 0.7322; p<0.0001), and strongly correlated with final tumor mass (r = 0.9351; p<0.0001). These findings support the use of BLI for initial tumor engraftment and persistence but demonstrate the superiority of DEXA for longitudinal tumor burden studies. As tumor detection by DEXA is not restricted to luciferase expressing models, future studies to assess its value in various cancer models and as an in vivo outcome measure of treatment efficacy are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Sechrist
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Grace Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Edward M Schwarz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Calvin L Cole
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
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Wang X, Li J, Zhang W, Wang F, Wu Y, Guo Y, Wang D, Yu X, Li A, Li F, Xie Y. IGFBP-3 promotes cachexia-associated lipid loss by suppressing insulin-like growth factor/insulin signaling. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:974-985. [PMID: 37014770 PMCID: PMC10278738 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive lipid loss of adipose tissue is a major feature of cancer-associated cachexia. In addition to systemic immune/inflammatory effects in response to tumor progression, tumor-secreted cachectic ligands also play essential roles in tumor-induced lipid loss. However, the mechanisms of tumor-adipose tissue interaction in lipid homeostasis are not fully understood. METHODS The yki -gut tumors were induced in fruit flies. Lipid metabolic assays were performed to investigate the lipolysis level of different types of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) treated cells. Immunoblotting was used to display phenotypes of tumor cells and adipocytes. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis was carried out to examine the gene expression levels such as Acc1 , Acly , and Fasn et al . RESULTS In this study, it was revealed that tumor-derived IGFBP-3 was an important ligand directly causing lipid loss in matured adipocytes. IGFBP-3, which is highly expressed in cachectic tumor cells, antagonized insulin/IGF-like signaling (IIS) and impaired the balance between lipolysis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conditioned medium from cachectic tumor cells, such as Capan-1 and C26 cells, contained excessive IGFBP-3 that potently induced lipolysis in adipocytes. Notably, neutralization of IGFBP-3 by neutralizing antibody in the conditioned medium of cachectic tumor cells significantly alleviated the lipolytic effect and restored lipid storage in adipocytes. Furthermore, cachectic tumor cells were resistant to IGFBP-3 inhibition of IIS, ensuring their escape from IGFBP-3-associated growth suppression. Finally, cachectic tumor-derived ImpL2, the IGFBP-3 homolog, also impaired lipid homeostasis of host cells in an established cancer-cachexia model in Drosophila . Most importantly, IGFBP-3 was highly expressed in cancer tissues in pancreatic and colorectal cancer patients, especially higher in the sera of cachectic cancer patients than non-cachexia cancer patients. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that tumor-derived IGFBP-3 plays a critical role in cachexia-associated lipid loss and could be a biomarker for diagnosis of cachexia in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Yunzi Wu
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yulin Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinfeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yibin Xie
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Li L, Yu XJ, Gao L, Cheng L, Sun B, Wang G. Diabetic Ferroptosis and Pancreatic Cancer: Foe or Friend? Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1206-1221. [PMID: 35996983 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Pancreatic cancer and diabetes have a reciprocal causation relationship. As a potential risk factor, diabetes increases morbidity and promotes pancreatic cancer progression. The main mechanisms include islet dysfunction-induced systemic metabolic disorder, pancreatic stellate cell activation, and immunosuppression. Ferroptosis is regarded as regulated cell death, which participates in chemotherapy resistance and is refractory to radiation therapy and immunotherapy. Diabetes-induced ferroptosis causes many complications, but the underlying mechanism of diabetes-related ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer has not been discussed. Recent Advances: Ferroptosis alleviates pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) progression by activating chronic inflammation. The specific drugs that cause ferroptosis achieve tumor suppression by inducing lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis plays pro and con roles in cancer. Both the ferroptosis inhibitor and inducer exhibit antitumor effects through killing cancer cells or directly affecting tumor growth. Diabetes-induced ferroptosis contributes to tumor cell death by different components, including tumor cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, and adipocytes. A better understanding of its role in modulating the tumor microenvironment will reveal diabetes-associated ferroptotic features in cancer development, which can be used to figure out possible treatment strategies for cancer patients with hyperglycemia. Critical Issues: We demonstrate the potential roles of diabetes-related ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer progression and discuss ferroptosis-related antitumor effects and therapeutics for pancreatic cancer treatment. Future Directions: Further studies are required to highlight mechanisms of diabetes-mediated ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and progression. The antitumor effects of ferroptosis regulators combined with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy in diabetic patients should be investigated. We hope that pancreatic cancer patients with diabetes will benefit from ferroptosis-related therapies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1206-1221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery and The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xing-Jia Yu
- Department of Centric Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery and The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery and The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery and The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery and The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Role of Glucocorticoid Signaling and HDAC4 Activation in Diaphragm and Gastrocnemius Proteolytic Activity in Septic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073641. [PMID: 35408999 PMCID: PMC8998191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis increases glucocorticoid and decreases IGF-1, leading to skeletal muscle wasting and cachexia. Muscle atrophy mainly takes place in locomotor muscles rather than in respiratory ones. Our study aimed to elucidate the mechanism responsible for this difference in muscle proteolysis, focusing on local inflammation and IGF-1 as well as on their glucocorticoid response and HDAC4-myogenin activation. Sepsis was induced in adult male rats by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection (10 mg/kg), and 24 h afterwards, rats were euthanized. LPS increased TNFα and IL-10 expression in both muscles studied, the diaphragm and gastrocnemius, whereas IL-6 and SOCS3 mRNA increased only in diaphragm. In comparison with gastrocnemius, diaphragm showed a lower increase in proteolytic marker expression (atrogin-1 and LC3b) and in LC3b protein lipidation after LPS administration. LPS increased the expression of glucocorticoid induced factors, KLF15 and REDD1, and decreased that of IGF-1 in gastrocnemius but not in the diaphragm. In addition, an increase in HDAC4 and myogenin expression was induced by LPS in gastrocnemius, but not in the diaphragm. In conclusion, the lower activation of both glucocorticoid signaling and HDAC4-myogenin pathways by sepsis can be one of the causes of lower sepsis-induced proteolysis in the diaphragm compared to gastrocnemius.
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Cole CL, Bachman JF, Ye J, Murphy J, Gerber SA, Beck CA, Boyce BF, Muthukrishnan G, Chakkalakal JV, Schwarz EM, Linehan D. Increased myocellular lipid and IGFBP-3 expression in a pre-clinical model of pancreatic cancer-related skeletal muscle wasting. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:731-745. [PMID: 33960737 PMCID: PMC8200439 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting (SMW) in cancer patients is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, treatment intolerance and discontinuation, and poor quality of life. This is particularly true for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as over 85% experience SMW, which is responsible for ~30% of patient deaths. While the established paradigm to explain SMW posits that muscle catabolism from systemic inflammation and nutritional deficiencies, the cause of death, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible remain to be elucidated. To address this, we investigated the relationship between tumour burden and survival in the KCKO murine PDAC model. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice 6-8 weeks of age underwent orthotopic injection with KCKO-luc tumour cells. Solid tumour was verified on Day 5, post-tumour inoculation. In vivo, longitudinal lean mass and tumour burden were assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and IVIS imaging, respectively, and total body weight was assessed, weekly. Animals were sacrificed at a designated end point of 'failure to thrive'. After sacrifice, lower limb hind muscles were harvested for histology and RNA extraction. RESULTS We found a strong correlation between primary tumour size and survival (r2 = 0.83, P < 0.0001). A significant decrease in lower limb lean mass was first detected at Day 38 post-implantation vs. no tumour controls (NTCs) (P < 0.0001). SMW was confirmed by histology, which demonstrated a 38%, 32.7%, and 39.9% decrease in fibre size of extensor digitorum longus, soleus, and tibialis anterior muscles, respectively, in PDAC mice vs. NTC (P < 0.002). Histology also revealed a 67.6% increase in haematopoietic cells within the muscle of PDAC mice when compared with NTC. Bulk RNAseq on muscles from PDAC mice vs. NTC revealed significant increases in c/ebpβ/Δ, il-1, il-6, and tnf gene expression. Pathway analyses to identify potential upstream factors revealed increased adipogenic gene expression, including a four-fold increase in igfbp-3. Histomorphometry of Oil Red-O staining for fat content in tibialis anterior muscles demonstrated a 95.5% increase in positively stained fibres from PDAC mice vs. NTC. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings support a novel model of PDAC-associated SMW and mortality in which systemic inflammation leads to inflammatory cell infiltration into skeletal muscle with up-regulated myocellular lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin L. Cole
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Center for Musculoskeletal ResearchUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Division of Supportive Care in CancerUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - John F. Bachman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Pharmacology & PhysiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Joseph Murphy
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Christopher A. Beck
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Center for Musculoskeletal ResearchUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational BiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Brendan F. Boyce
- Center for Musculoskeletal ResearchUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Center for Musculoskeletal ResearchUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Joe V. Chakkalakal
- Center for Musculoskeletal ResearchUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Department of Pharmacology & PhysiologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Edward M. Schwarz
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Center for Musculoskeletal ResearchUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - David Linehan
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
- Wilmot Cancer InstituteUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA
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