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Marrero-Rodríguez D, Taniguchi-Ponciano K, Kerbel J, Cano-Zaragoza A, Remba-Shapiro I, Silva-Román G, Vela-Patiño S, Andonegui-Elguera S, Valenzuela-Perez A, Mercado M. The hallmarks of cancer… in pituitary tumors? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:177-190. [PMID: 36586070 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over 20 years ago, Hanahan and Weinberg published a seminal review that addressed the biological processes that underly malignant transformation. This classical review, along with two revisions published in 2011 and 2022, has remain a classic of the oncology literature. Since many of the addressed biological processes may apply to non-malignant tumorigenesis, we evaluated to what extent these hallmarks pertain to the development of pituitary adenomas.Some of the biological processes analyzed in this review include genome instability generated by somatic USP8 and GNAS mutations in Cushing's diseases and acromegaly respectively; non-mutational epigenetic reprograming through changes in methylation; induction of angiogenesis through alterations of VEGF gene expression; promotion of proliferative signals mediated by EGFR; evasion of growth suppression by disrupting cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors; avoidance of immune destruction; and the promotion of inflammation mediated by alteration of gene expression of immune check points. We also elaborate further on the existence of oncogene induced senescence in pituitary tumors. We conclude that a better understanding of these processes can help us dilucidated why pituitary tumors are so resistant to malignant transformation and can potentially contribute to the development of novel anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Marrero-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México, D.F., 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Keiko Taniguchi-Ponciano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México, D.F., 06720, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Jacobo Kerbel
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México, D.F., 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amayrani Cano-Zaragoza
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México, D.F., 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ilan Remba-Shapiro
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México, D.F., 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Silva-Román
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México, D.F., 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Vela-Patiño
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México, D.F., 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Andonegui-Elguera
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México, D.F., 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Valenzuela-Perez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México, D.F., 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Mercado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México, D.F., 06720, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Fletcher PA, Smiljanic K, Prévide RM, Constantin S, Sherman AS, Coon SL, Stojilkovic SS. The astroglial and stem cell functions of adult rat folliculostellate cells. Glia 2023; 71:205-228. [PMID: 36093576 PMCID: PMC9772113 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian pituitary gland is a complex organ consisting of hormone-producing cells, anterior lobe folliculostellate cells (FSCs), posterior lobe pituicytes, vascular pericytes and endothelial cells, and Sox2-expressing stem cells. We present single-cell RNA sequencing and immunohistofluorescence analyses of pituitary cells of adult female rats with a focus on the transcriptomic profiles of nonhormonal cell types. Samples obtained from whole pituitaries and separated anterior and posterior lobe cells contained all expected pituitary resident cell types and lobe-specific vascular cell subpopulations. FSCs and pituicytes expressed S100B, ALDOC, EAAT1, ALDH1A1, and VIM genes and proteins, as well as other astroglial marker genes, some common and some cell type-specific. We also found that the SOX2 gene and protein were expressed in ~15% of pituitary cells, including FSCs, pituicytes, and a fraction of hormone-producing cells, arguing against its stem cell specificity. FSCs comprised two Sox2-expressing subclusters; FS1 contained more cells but lower genetic diversity, while FS2 contained proliferative cells, shared genes with hormone-producing cells, and expressed genes consistent with stem cell niche formation, regulation of cell proliferation and stem cell pluripotency, including the Hippo and Wnt pathways. FS1 cells were randomly distributed in the anterior and intermediate lobes, while FS2 cells were localized exclusively in the marginal zone between the anterior and intermediate lobes. These data indicate the identity of the FSCs as anterior pituitary-specific astroglia, with FS1 cells representing differentiated cells equipped for classical FSC roles and FS2 cells exhibiting additional stem cell-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. Fletcher
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kosara Smiljanic
- Section on Cellular Signaling, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rafael M. Prévide
- Section on Cellular Signaling, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Stephanie Constantin
- Section on Cellular Signaling, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Arthur S. Sherman
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Steven L. Coon
- Molecular Genomics Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Stanko S. Stojilkovic
- Section on Cellular Signaling, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892
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Jiménez-Díaz E, Del-Rio D, Fiordelisio T. The Contribution of Cell Imaging to the Study of Anterior Pituitary Function and Its Regulation. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 113:179-192. [PMID: 35231920 DOI: 10.1159/000523860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the knowledge of the neuroendocrine system are closely related to the development of cellular imaging and labeling techniques. This synergy ranges from the staining techniques that allowed the first characterizations of the anterior pituitary gland, its relationship with the hypothalamus, and the birth of neuroendocrinology; through the development of fluorescence microscopy applications, specific labeling strategies, transgenic systems, and intracellular calcium sensors that enabled the study of processes and dynamics at the cellular and tissue level; until the advent of super-resolution microscopy, miniscopes, optogenetics, fiber photometry, and other imaging methods that allowed high spatiotemporal resolution and long-term three-dimensional cellular activity recordings in living systems in a conscious and freely moving condition. In this review, we briefly summarize the main contributions of cellular imaging techniques that have allowed relevant advances in the field of neuroendocrinology and paradigm shifts that have improved our understanding of the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary axes. The development of these methods and equipment is the result of the integration of knowledge achieved by the integration of several disciplines and effort to solve scientific questions and problems of high impact on health and society that this system entails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Jiménez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Del-Rio
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Fiordelisio
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Soluciones Biomiméticas para Diagnóstico y Terapia LaNSBioDyT, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Marques P, Barry S, Carlsen E, Collier D, Ronaldson A, Dorward N, Grieve J, Mendoza N, Nair R, Muquit S, Grossman AB, Korbonits M. The role of the tumour microenvironment in the angiogenesis of pituitary tumours. Endocrine 2020; 70:593-606. [PMID: 32946040 PMCID: PMC7674353 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Angiogenesis has been studied in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs), but the role of the tumour microenvironment (TME) in regulating PitNET angiogenesis remains unknown. We aimed to characterise the role of TME components in determining the angiogenetic PitNET profile, focusing on immune cells and tumour-derived cytokines. METHODS Immune cells were studied by immunohistochemistry in 24 human PitNETs (16 non-functioning-PitNETs (NF-PitNETs) and 8 somatotrophinomas): macrophages (CD68, CD163, HLA-DR), cytotoxic (CD8) and T helper (CD4) lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (FOXP3), B cells (CD20) and neutrophils (neutrophil elastase); endothelial cells were assessed with CD31. Five normal pituitaries (NP) were included for comparison. Microvessel density and vascular morphology were estimated with ImageJ. The cytokine secretome from these PitNETs were assessed on culture supernatants using a multiplex immunoassay panel. RESULTS Microvessel density/area was higher in NP than PitNETs, which also had rounder and more regular vessels. NF-PitNETs had vessels of increased calibre compared to somatotrophinomas. The M2:M1 macrophage ratio correlated with microvessel area. PitNETs with more CD4+ T cells had higher microvessel area, while tumours with more FOXP3+ cells were associated with lower microvessel density. PitNETs with more B cells had rounder vessels. Of the 42 PitNET-derived cytokines studied, CCL2, CXCL10 and CX3CL1 correlated with microvessel density and vessel architecture parameters. CONCLUSIONS M2 macrophages appear to play a role in PitNET neovascularisation, while B, CD4+ and FOXP3+ lymphocytes, as well as non-cellular TME elements such as CCL2, CXCL10 and CX3CL1, may also modulate the angiogenesis of PitNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marques
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sayka Barry
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - David Collier
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amy Ronaldson
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Neil Dorward
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCLH, NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Joan Grieve
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCLH, NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nigel Mendoza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ramesh Nair
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Samiul Muquit
- Department of Neurosurgery, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - Ashley B Grossman
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Marques P, Grossman AB, Korbonits M. The tumour microenvironment of pituitary neuroendocrine tumours. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 58:100852. [PMID: 32553750 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) includes a variety of non-neoplastic cells and non-cellular elements such as cytokines, growth factors and enzymes surrounding tumour cells. The TME emerged as a key modulator of tumour initiation, progression and invasion, with extensive data available in many cancers, but little is known in pituitary tumours. However, the understanding of the TME of pituitary tumours has advanced thanks to active research in this field over the last decade. Different immune and stromal cell subpopulations, and several cytokines, growth factors and matrix remodelling enzymes, have been characterised in pituitary tumours. Studying the TME in pituitary tumours may lead to a better understanding of tumourigenic mechanisms, identification of biomarkers useful to predict aggressive disease, and development of novel therapies. This review summarises the current knowledge on the different TME cellular/non-cellular elements in pituitary tumours and provides an overview of their role in tumourigenesis, biological behaviour and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marques
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Ashley B Grossman
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Edwards BS, Clay CM, Ellsworth BS, Navratil AM. Functional Role of Gonadotrope Plasticity and Network Organization. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:223. [PMID: 28936197 PMCID: PMC5595155 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary are characterized by their ability to mount a cyclical pattern of gonadotropin secretion to regulate gonadal function and fertility. Recent in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that gonadotropes exhibit dramatic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton following gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) exposure. GnRH engagement of actin is critical for gonadotrope function on multiple levels. First, GnRH-induced cell movements lead to spatial repositioning of the in vivo gonadotrope network toward vascular endothelium, presumably to access the bloodstream for effective hormone release. Interestingly, these plasticity changes can be modified depending on the physiological status of the organism. Additionally, GnRH-induced actin assembly appears to be fundamental to gonadotrope signaling at the level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, which is a well-known regulator of luteinizing hormone (LH) β-subunit synthesis. Last, GnRH-induced cell membrane projections are capable of concentrating LHβ-containing vesicles and disruption of the actin cytoskeleton reduces LH secretion. Taken together, gonadotrope network positioning and LH synthesis and secretion are linked to GnRH engagement of the actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we will cover the dynamics and organization of the in vivo gonadotrope cell network and the mechanisms of GnRH-induced actin-remodeling events important in ERK activation and subsequently hormone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Edwards
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Colin M. Clay
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Buffy S. Ellsworth
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Amy M. Navratil
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
- *Correspondence: Amy M. Navratil,
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Cristina C, Luque GM, Demarchi G, Lopez Vicchi F, Zubeldia-Brenner L, Perez Millan MI, Perrone S, Ornstein AM, Lacau-Mengido IM, Berner SI, Becu-Villalobos D. Angiogenesis in pituitary adenomas: human studies and new mutant mouse models. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:608497. [PMID: 25505910 PMCID: PMC4251882 DOI: 10.1155/2014/608497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of angiogenesis in pituitary tumor development has been questioned, as pituitary tumors have been usually found to be less vascularized than the normal pituitary tissue. Nevertheless, a significantly higher degree of vasculature has been shown in invasive or macropituitary prolactinomas when compared to noninvasive and microprolactinomas. Many growth factors and their receptors are involved in pituitary tumor development. For example, VEGF, FGF-2, FGFR1, and PTTG, which give a particular vascular phenotype, are modified in human and experimental pituitary adenomas of different histotypes. In particular, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, the central mediator of angiogenesis in endocrine glands, was encountered in experimental and human pituitary tumors at different levels of expression and, in particular, was higher in dopamine agonist resistant prolactinomas. Furthermore, several anti-VEGF techniques lowered tumor burden in human and experimental pituitary adenomas. Therefore, even though the role of angiogenesis in pituitary adenomas is contentious, VEGF, making permeable pituitary endothelia, might contribute to adequate temporal vascular supply and mechanisms other than endothelial cell proliferation. The study of angiogenic factor expression in aggressive prolactinomas with resistance to dopamine agonists will yield important data in the search of therapeutical alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cristina
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CITNOBA (CONICET-UNNOBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Monteagudo 2772, Pergamino, 2700 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermina María Luque
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gianina Demarchi
- CITNOBA (CONICET-UNNOBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Monteagudo 2772, Pergamino, 2700 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Felicitas Lopez Vicchi
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lautaro Zubeldia-Brenner
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Ines Perez Millan
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofia Perrone
- CITNOBA (CONICET-UNNOBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Monteagudo 2772, Pergamino, 2700 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Maria Ornstein
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabel M. Lacau-Mengido
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Inés Berner
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Clínica Santa Isabel, Avenida Directorio 2037, C1406GZJ Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Santa Lucía, Avenida San Juan 2021, C1232AAC Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damasia Becu-Villalobos
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Damasia Becu-Villalobos:
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Perez-Millan MI, Berner SI, Luque GM, De Bonis C, Sevlever G, Becu-Villalobos D, Cristina C. Enhanced nestin expression and small blood vessels in human pituitary adenomas. Pituitary 2013; 16:303-10. [PMID: 22886682 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-012-0421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of angiogenesis in human pituitary tumor progression is questioned. Our aim was to characterize the morphologic changes that occur in the vasculature of pituitary adenomas, in correlation with the expression of nestin, a protein found in endothelial cells of newly formed vessels of developing organs. We also evaluated the relation of angiogenic markers and nestin with Ki-67 index. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin embedded samples of 47 pituitary adenomas and six normal pituitaries. We determined microvessel density (number of CD31+ or CD34+ vessels per square millimetre), vascular area (cumulative area occupied by vessels), average vessel size, and further classified vessels as small (< 100 μm2) or large (> 100 μm2). We correlated the above parameters with nestin expression and Ki-67 index. Lower vascular area compared to normal tissue was found in adenomas (p < 0.05). Interestingly, pituitary adenomas had significantly more small vessels than control pituitaries (p < 0.04 for CD31 and CD34). In tumors many capillaries were positive for nestin, while scarce staining was detected in controls, so that nestin positive area was significantly higher in tumors. Furthermore, nestin area correlated positively with the % of small vessels. Ki-67 correlated neither with vascular area nor with nestin expression. In human pituitary tumors there was a predominance of small capillaries in correlation with increased expression of the progenitor marker nestin. We suggest that angiogenesis is an active process in these tumors, in spite of their low total vascular area when compared to normal pituitaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Perez-Millan
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Tanase C, Codrici E, Popescu ID, Cruceru ML, Enciu AM, Albulescu R, Ciubotaru V, Arsene D. Angiogenic markers: molecular targets for personalized medicine in pituitary adenoma. Per Med 2013; 10:539-548. [PMID: 29776197 DOI: 10.2217/pme.13.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Pituitary adenomas are typically slow-growing and histologically benign tumors that can occasionally behave in a malignant-like manner, invading adjacent structures or recurring after treatment. Using protein analysis methods and multiplex xMAP assays, we aimed to find out if these particular types of tumors express angiogenic markers VEGF and basic FGF (bFGF), which are associated with tumor growth and invasiveness, and quantify them in order to establish their usefulness as biomarkers. MATERIALS & METHODS We have analysed the expression of angiogenic markers VEGF and bFGF in serum and tissue specimens from 66 pituitary adenomas (43 invasive and 23 noninvasive). For serum analysis, we used xMAP and ELISA, and for tissue analysis, we performed histopathology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS & CONCLUSION We measured the serum angiogenic factors in pituitary adenomas. The quantification methods revealed significant differences between pituitary adenoma patients and controls, for both VEGF (212.4 vs 112.5 pg/ml in controls) and bFGF (mean value of 12.6 vs 10.8 pg/ml in controls), and also differentiated between invasive and noninvasive adenomas (p < 0.05). The tissue expression of VEGF and bFGF strongly correlated with their serum level increase. Our findings can be further developed into methods for selection of patients suitable for personalized, antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Tanase
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Spl. Independentei, 050096, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Elena Codrici
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Spl. Independentei, 050096, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela Daniela Popescu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Spl. Independentei, 050096, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Ana-Maria Enciu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Spl. Independentei, 050096, Bucharest, Romania
- Carol Davila University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Albulescu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Spl. Independentei, 050096, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical R&D, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vasile Ciubotaru
- Bagdasar Arseni Hospital, Neurosurgery Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dorel Arsene
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Spl. Independentei, 050096, Bucharest, Romania
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Alim Z, Hartshorn C, Mai O, Stitt I, Clay C, Tobet S, Boehm U. Gonadotrope plasticity at cellular and population levels. Endocrinology 2012; 153:4729-39. [PMID: 22893721 PMCID: PMC3685717 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hormone-secreting cells within the anterior pituitary gland may form organized and interdigitated networks that adapt to changing endocrine conditions in different physiological contexts. For gonadotropes, this might reflect a strategy to cope with acute changes throughout different female reproductive stages. The current study examined gonadotropes in female mice at characteristically different hormonal stages: prepubertal, postpubertal, and lactating. Gonadotrope plasticity was examined at the level of the whole population and single cells at different stages by imaging both fixed and live pituitary slices. The use of a model animal providing for the identification of selectively fluorescent gonadotropes allowed the particular advantage of defining cellular plasticity specifically for gonadotropes. In vivo analyses of gonadotropes relative to vasculature showed significantly different gonadotrope distributions across physiological states. Video microscopy studies using live slices ex vivo demonstrated pituitary cell plasticity in the form of movements and protrusions in response to GnRH. As positive feedback from rising estradiol levels is important for priming the anterior pituitary gland for the LH surge, experiments provide evidence of estradiol effects on GnRH signaling in gonadotropes. The experiments presented herein provide new insight into potential plasticity of gonadotropes within the anterior pituitary glands of female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahara Alim
- Institute for Neural Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Jindatip D, Fujiwara K, Kouki T, Yashiro T. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy study of the characteristics and morphology of pericytes and novel desmin-immunopositive perivascular cells before and after castration in rat anterior pituitary gland. Anat Sci Int 2012; 87:165-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12565-012-0144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Schaeffer M, Hodson DJ, Meunier AC, Lafont C, Birkenstock J, Carmignac D, Murray JF, Gavois E, Robinson IC, Le Tissier P, Mollard P. Influence of estrogens on GH-cell network dynamics in females: a live in situ imaging approach. Endocrinology 2011; 152:4789-99. [PMID: 21952249 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The secretion of endocrine hormones from pituitary cells finely regulates a multitude of homeostatic processes. To dynamically adapt to changing physiological status and environmental stimuli, the pituitary gland must undergo marked structural and functional plasticity. Endocrine cell plasticity is thought to primarily rely on variations in cell proliferation and size. However, cell motility, a process commonly observed in a variety of tissues during development, may represent an additional mechanism to promote plasticity within the adult pituitary gland. To investigate this, we used multiphoton time-lapse imaging methods, GH-enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic mice and sexual dimorphism of the GH axis as a model of divergent tissue demand. Using these methods to acutely (12 h) track cell dynamics, we report that ovariectomy induces a dramatic and dynamic increase in cell motility, which is associated with gross GH-cell network remodeling. These changes can be prevented by estradiol supplementation and are associated with enhanced network connectivity as evidenced by increased coordinated GH-cell activity during multicellular calcium recordings. Furthermore, cell motility appears to be sex-specific, because reciprocal alterations are not detected in males after castration. Therefore, GH-cell motility appears to play an important role in the structural and functional pituitary plasticity, which is evoked in response to changing estradiol concentrations in the female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Schaeffer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institute of Functional Genomics, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Universities of Montpellier 1 and 2, UMR-5203, F-34000 Montpellier, France
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14
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The relationship between MRI invasive features and expression of EMMPRIN, galectin-3, and microvessel density in pituitary adenoma. Clin Imaging 2011; 35:165-73. [PMID: 21513851 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression of the molecular markers, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), galectin-3, and microvessel density (MVD) with MRI invasive features in invasive and noninvasive pituitary adenomas. MRI was performed preoperatively in 34 patients with histologically verified pituitary adenomas. The expression of EMMPRIN, galectin-3, and MVD was determined by using immunohistochemical techniques on excised surgical specimen from all patients. Correlative analyses between invasive MRI features and expression of EMMPRIN, galectin-3, and MVD were determined between invasive and noninvasive pituitary adenomas. Among MRI invasive features, adenoma crossing the lateral line (LL) of the internal carotid artery (ICA), percentage of intracavernous ICA encasement by the tumor over 50%, sphenoidal sinus invasion, irregular tumor shape, and bilateral ICA asymmetry correlated with increased expression of EMMPRIN and galectin-3 (P<.05), but tumor cystic necrosis and tumor apoplexy did not correlate with EMMPRIN and galectin-3 expression (P>.05). The invasive MRI features did not correlate with MVD expression. This study demonstrated that EMMPRIN and galectin-3 were associated with aggressiveness and invasion by pituitary adenoma. Furthermore, EMMPRIN and galectin-3 were two potential molecular markers for assessing the invasive potential of pituitary adenoma and may provide useful targets for molecular therapeutic strategy against invasive pituitary adenomas.
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15
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Cristina C, Perez-Millan MI, Luque G, Dulce RA, Sevlever G, Berner SI, Becu-Villalobos D. VEGF and CD31 association in pituitary adenomas. Endocr Pathol 2010; 21:154-60. [PMID: 20473646 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-010-9119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary tumors are usually less vascularized than the normal pituitary, and the role of angiogenesis in these adenomas is contentious. Appraisal of microvascular density and expression of the potent angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by immunohistochemistry has yielded controversial results, as a broad spectrum of immunostaining can be found. We determined the protein expression of VEGF and CD31, an endothelial marker, in a series of 56 surgically removed pituitary adenomas using Western blot assay. Prolactinomas had higher VEGF protein expression compared to nonfunctioning or ACTH- and GH-secreting adenomas, while CD31 was similar in the different adenoma histotypes. VEGF and CD31 were not affected by sex, age, years of adenoma evolution, or proliferation rate (Ki67 and PCNA) for all adenoma types. Only in nonfunctioning adenomas CD31 concentration increased significantly with age. There was a positive correlation between CD31 and VEGF expression when all adenoma histotypes were considered, or when prolactinomas and nonfunctioning adenomas were evaluated separately. The positive association of VEGF and CD31 expression suggests the participation of angiogenesis in adenoma development, while epithelial cell proliferation in pituitary tumors is not directly related to VEGF or CD31 expression, and other factors, such as primary genetic alterations may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cristina
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Jasek E, Furgal-Borzych A, Lis GJ, Litwin JA, Rzepecka-Wozniak E, Trela F. Microvessel density and area in pituitary microadenomas. Endocr Pathol 2009; 20:221-6. [PMID: 19705298 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-009-9091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Microvessel density (MVD) and area (MVA) were assessed in 53 clinically silent pituitary microadenomas and in surrounding normal pituitary tissue using CD34 immunostaining and digital image analysis system. Twenty-one microadenomas (40%) were avascular; in the others, both MVD and MVA were significantly lower than in the normal pituitary tissue. No significant differences in MVD and MVA were found between hormonally immunonegative and immunopositive tumors or between different hormonal subtypes of immunopositive microadenomas. In microadenomas and in normal pituitary tissue, MVD and MVA were not significantly influenced by age or sex. These results suggest that pituitary adenomas at early developmental stage are either avascular or significantly less vascular than normal pituitary tissue and that differences in vascularity of pituitary adenomas associated with the variables of sex, age, clinical presentation and immunohistochemical phenotype reported in the literature can evolve with tumor growth and possibly acquire statistical significance in large macroadenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jasek
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland.
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17
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Euclidean and fractal geometry of microvascular networks in normal and neoplastic pituitary tissue. Neurosurg Rev 2008; 31:271-81. [PMID: 18327622 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-008-0127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In geometrical terms, tumour vascularity is an exemplary anatomical system that irregularly fills a three-dimensional Euclidean space. This physical characteristic and the highly variable shapes of the vessels lead to considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the delivery of oxygen, nutrients and drugs, and the removal of metabolites. Although these biological characteristics are well known, quantitative analyses of newly formed vessels in two-dimensional histological sections still fail to view their architecture as a non-Euclidean geometrical entity, thus leading to errors in visual interpretation and discordant results from different laboratories concerning the same tumour. We here review the literature concerning microvessel density estimates (a Euclidean-based approach quantifying vascularity in normal and neoplastic pituitary tissues) and compare the results. We also discuss the limitations of Euclidean quantitative analyses of vascularity and the helpfulness of a fractal geometry-based approach as a better means of quantifying normal and neoplastic pituitary microvasculature.
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18
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Navratil AM, Knoll JG, Whitesell JD, Tobet SA, Clay CM. Neuroendocrine plasticity in the anterior pituitary: gonadotropin-releasing hormone-mediated movement in vitro and in vivo. Endocrinology 2007; 148:1736-44. [PMID: 17218416 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The secretion of LH is cued by the hypothalamic neuropeptide, GnRH. After delivery to the anterior pituitary gland via the hypothalamic-pituitary portal vasculature, GnRH binds to specific high-affinity receptors on the surface of gonadotrope cells and stimulates synthesis and secretion of the gonadotropins, FSH, and LH. In the current study, GnRH caused acute and dramatic changes in cellular morphology in the gonadotrope-derived alphaT3-1 cell line, which appeared to be mediated by engagement of the actin cytoskeleton; disruption of actin with jasplakinolide abrogated cell movement and GnRH-induced activation of ERK. In live murine pituitary slices infected with an adenovirus-containing Rous sarcoma virus-green fluorescent protein, selected cells responded to GnRH by altering their cellular movements characterized by both formation and extension of cell processes and, surprisingly, spatial repositioning. Consistent with the latter observation, GnRH stimulation increased the migration of dissociated pituitary cells in transwell chambers. Our data using live pituitary slices are a striking example of neuropeptide-evoked movements of cells outside the central nervous system and in a mature peripheral endocrine organ. These findings call for a fundamental change in the current dogma of simple passive diffusion of LH from gonadotropes to capillaries in the pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Navratil
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA
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19
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Ortiz-Plata A, Tena Suck ML, López-Gómez M, Heras A, Sánchez García A. Study of the telomerase hTERT fraction, PCNA and CD34 expression on pituitary adenomas. Association with clinical and demographic characteristics. J Neurooncol 2007; 84:159-66. [PMID: 17361328 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-007-9365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To determine the frequency of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) catalytic fraction expression and its association with clinical and demographic characteristics of the patient, as well as with the expression of CD34 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) indexes on adenohypophyseal hormone tissues. A transverse study was realized with 49 cases of hypophyseal adenoma with analysis type cases and controls. The different adenohypophyseal hormones [prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid gland stimulant hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)], the catalytic fraction of the telomerase hTERT, the PCNA index and the CD34 density were determined by means of immunohistochemical techniques. The clinical, demographic and histopathological characteristics of the patients with and without hTERT expression were compared by means of Pearson's Chi-squared, Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney's U. Twenty-eight point six percent of the adenomas had positive expression for hTERT. The variables significantly correlated with hTERT's expression were younger age of presentation, diagnostic of adenoma producer, higher PCNA index, higher CD34 density, increased GH on serum and the expression on PRL tissue, GH and ACTH. Tobacco history had a negative association with hTERT's expression. The telomerase could be a marker of cellular proliferation associated with angiogenesis and hormonal activity. Evaluation of these variables could provide information about their biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Ortiz-Plata
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Av. Insurgentes Sur 3877 Col La Fama, 14269, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
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20
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Mukdsi JH, De Paul AL, Petiti JP, Gutiérrez S, Aoki A, Torres AI. Pattern of FGF-2 isoform expression correlated with its biological action in experimental prolactinomas. Acta Neuropathol 2006; 112:491-501. [PMID: 16823503 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-006-0101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Revised: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) synthesized in the pituitary is involved in the formation and progression of pituitary tumors. The aim of this study was to analyze the pattern expression of two FGF-2 isoforms at different subcellular levels and to determine its correlation with prolactinoma development. Estrogen administration to male rats for 7, 20, and 60 days generated pituitary tumors, with lactotrophs being the prevalent cell type. Ultrastructural immunolabeling showed FGF-2 in the cytosolic and nuclear compartments of somatotrophs, lactotrophs and gonadotrophs, as well as in folliculo-stellate cells of normal rats. Estrogen stimulation increased FGF-2 immunoreactivity in various tumors and enhanced the expression of two FGF-2 isoforms, 18 and 22 kDa, as quantified by western blot. The 18 kDa isoform observed in cytosol extracts reached the highest levels after 60 days of hormonal stimulation and this was related to lactotroph proliferation. However, the 22 kDa FGF-2 isoform was only detected in the nuclear compartment and achieved the maximum expression at 7 days of estrogen treatment, without any correlation with lactotroph proliferation. These results suggest that the 18 kDa FGF-2 may play a role in the modulation of lactotroph proliferation in prolactinomas induced by estrogen. The overproduction of both FGF-2 isoforms appears to be implicated in autocrine-paracrine-intracrine mitogenic loops; this FGF-2 activity could lead to uncontrolled cell growth, angiogenesis, and tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge H Mukdsi
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre, Pabellón de Biología Celular, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000, HRA, Córdoba, Argentina
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21
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Moshitch-Moshkovitz S, Tsarfaty G, Kaufman DW, Stein GY, Shichrur K, Solomon E, Sigler RH, Resau JH, Vande Woude GF, Tsarfaty I. In vivo direct molecular imaging of early tumorigenesis and malignant progression induced by transgenic expression of GFP-Met. Neoplasia 2006; 8:353-63. [PMID: 16790084 PMCID: PMC1592452 DOI: 10.1593/neo.05634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase receptor Met and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), play an important role in normal developmental processes, as well as in tumorigenicity and metastasis. We constructed a green fluorescent protein (GFP) Met chimeric molecule that functions similarly to the wild-type Met receptor and generated GFP-Met transgenic mice. These mice ubiquitously expressed GFP-Met in specific epithelial and endothelial cells and displayed enhanced GFP-Met fluorescence in sebaceous glands. Thirty-two percent of males spontaneously developed adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and angiosarcomas in their lower abdominal sebaceous glands. Approximately 70% of adenocarcinoma tumors metastasized to the kidneys, lungs, or liver. Quantitative subcellular-resolution intravital imaging revealed very high levels of GFP-Met in tumor lesions and in single isolated cells surrounding them, relative to normal sebaceous glands. These single cells preceded the formation of local and distal metastases. Higher GFP-Met levels correlated with earlier tumor onset and aggressiveness, further demonstrating the role of Met-HGF/SF signaling in cellular transformation and acquisition of invasive and metastatic phenotypes. Our novel mouse model and high-resolution intravital molecular imaging create a powerful tool that enables direct real-time molecular imaging of receptor expression and localization during primary events of tumorigenicity and metastasis at single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Galia Tsarfaty
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Sheba Medical Center, Diagnostic Imaging, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Gideon Y Stein
- Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Keren Shichrur
- Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Eddy Solomon
- Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | - James H Resau
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | - Ilan Tsarfaty
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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22
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Mukdsi JH, De Paul AL, Gutiérrez S, Roth FD, Aoki A, Torres AI. Subcellular localisation of VEGF in different pituitary cells. Changes of its expression in oestrogen induced prolactinomas. J Mol Histol 2006; 36:447-54. [PMID: 16733790 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-005-9012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important angiogenic factor in the pituitary gland. The objective of this study was to unveil the VEGF subcellular localisation in different pituitary cell types and to evaluate changes in its expression at different time intervals after oestrogen stimulation. A relevant feature demonstrated was the identification of this cytokine in the nucleus and cytoplasm of lactotrophs, somatotrophs and gonadotrophs, as well as in follicle-stellate cells of male rats. Oestrogen treatment increased the number of VEGF immunopositive cells and its expression detected differentially by western blot in both nucleus and cytoplasm of pituitary cells when compared to the control. At ultrastructural level VEGF appeared associated with nucleolus and euchromatin involving a possible internal autocrine loop. In lactotrophs, the predominant cell of the tumour, VEGF was immunodetected in RER, Golgi complex, and vesicular organelles, supporting further the association with an auto-paracrine effect exerted by VEGF. The nucleus/cytoplasm ratio of VEGF revealed a prevalent accumulation of VEGF in the cytoplasm. The presence of VEGF in the nucleus may probably be associated with a translocation to this cell compartment. This study demonstrated a cytoplasmic and nuclear immunolocalisation of VEGF in normal and tumoural adenohypophyseal cells. In the course of prolactinoma development, the oestrogen stimulated VEGF expression in tumoural cells, promoting a vascular adaptation which contributes to growth and progression of the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Humberto Mukdsi
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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23
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Krasnoperov RA, Stoyan D. Spatial Correlation Analysis of Isotropic Microvessels: Methodology and Application to Thyroid Capillaries. Ann Biomed Eng 2006; 34:810-22. [PMID: 16598655 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-006-9085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2004] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The study of relations between structural organization and functions of microcirculatory networks is a major aim of modern microangiology. Such a structural aspect of microvessels (MVs) as their spatial arrangement has substantial influence on their transport and other functional properties. This paper describes a methodology of spatial correlation analysis for isotropic blood and lymphatic MVs which is based on a stereological estimator of the pair correlation function [g3D(r)] created recently by the authors for systems of elongated objects. The following main features of the methodology are presented: (i) interpretation of the shape of g3D(r) curves, (ii) their quantitative description by numerical parameters, and (iii) limitations of the method arising from statistical requirements to MVs under investigation. The methodology is considered in the light of multilevel sampling designs, which are typical for biomedical morphology. The estimator with its methodological framework is applied to perifollicular blood capillaries in the adult rat thyroid. Related methods for studying the spatial arrangement of MVs are thoroughly discussed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renat A Krasnoperov
- Proxima Technology Ltd., 20a-107, L. Tolstoy St., Pushkino, Moscow Region, 141206, Russia.
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Ogane N, Yasuda M, Hayashi H, Kameda Y, Minematsu T, Itoh J, Osamura RY. Utility of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM): With Reference to Interpretation in Immunostaining. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1267/ahc.38.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ogane
- Division of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center
| | - Masanori Yasuda
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University
| | | | | | - Takeo Minematsu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University
| | - Johbu Itoh
- Laboratories of Structure and Function Research, School of Medicine, Tokai University
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25
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Miyai S, Itoh J, Kajiya H, Takekoshi S, Osamura RY. Pit-1 Gene Inhibition Using Small Interfering RNAs in Rat Pituitary GH Secreting Cell Line. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1267/ahc.38.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Miyai
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Johbu Itoh
- Cell Science, Teaching and Research Support Center, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Hanako Kajiya
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Showa Women's University
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Yasuda M, Itoh J, Kotajima S, Itoh H, Murakami M, Ogane N, Osamura RY. Cytologic three-dimensional imaging for the interpretation of staining profiles: Application of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Diagn Cytopathol 2004; 31:166-8. [PMID: 15349986 DOI: 10.1002/dc.20106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yasuda
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Bohseidai, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
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27
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Itoh J, Yasumura K, Ogawa K, Kawai K, Serizawa A, Yamamoto Y, Osamura YR. Three-Dimensional (3D) Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis and its Inhibition: Evaluation of Tumor Vascular-Targeting Agent Efficacy in the DMBA-induced Rat Breast Cancer Model by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Acta Histochem Cytochem 2003. [DOI: 10.1267/ahc.36.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johbu Itoh
- Laboratories for Structure and Function Research, Tokai University, School of Medicine
| | | | - Kenji Ogawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, NKK Hospital
| | - Kenji Kawai
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokai University, School of Medicine
| | - Akihiko Serizawa
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokai University, School of Medicine
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