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Markitantova Y, Fokin A, Boguslavsky D, Simirskii V, Kulikov A. Molecular Signatures Integral to Natural Reprogramming in the Pigment Epithelium Cells after Retinal Detachment in Pleurodeles waltl. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16940. [PMID: 38069262 PMCID: PMC10707686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells into retinal cells (transdifferentiation) lies in the bases of retinal regeneration in several Urodela. The identification of the key genes involved in this process helps with looking for approaches to the prevention and treatment of RPE-related degenerative diseases of the human retina. The purpose of our study was to examine the transcriptome changes at initial stages of RPE cell reprogramming in adult newt Pleurodeles waltl. RPE was isolated from the eye samples of day 0, 4, and 7 after experimental surgical detachment of the neural retina and was used for a de novo transcriptome assembly through the RNA-Seq method. A total of 1019 transcripts corresponding to the differently expressed genes have been revealed in silico: the 83 increased the expression at an early stage, and 168 increased the expression at a late stage of RPE reprogramming. We have identified up-regulation of classical early response genes, chaperones and co-chaperones, genes involved in the regulation of protein biosynthesis, suppressors of oncogenes, and EMT-related genes. We revealed the growth in the proportion of down-regulated ribosomal and translation-associated genes. Our findings contribute to revealing the molecular mechanism of RPE reprogramming in Urodela.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vladimir Simirskii
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Y.M.); (A.K.)
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The role of RNA-binding and ribosomal proteins as specific RNA translation regulators in cellular differentiation and carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:166046. [PMID: 33383105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tight control of mRNA expression is required for cell differentiation; imbalanced regulation may lead to developmental disorders and cancer. The activity of the translational machinery (including ribosomes and translation factors) regulates the rate (slow or fast) of translation of encoded proteins, and the quality of these proteins highly depends on which mRNAs are available for translation. Specific RNA-binding and ribosomal proteins seem to play a key role in controlling gene expression to determine the differentiation fate of the cell. This demonstrates the important role of RNA-binding proteins, specific ribosome-binding proteins and microRNAs as key molecules in controlling the specific proteins required for the differentiation or dedifferentiation of cells. This delicate balance between specific proteins (in terms of quality and availability) and post-translational modifications occurring in the cytoplasm is crucial for cell differentiation, dedifferentiation and oncogenic potential. In this review, we report how defects in the regulation of mRNA translation can be dependent on specific proteins and can induce an imbalance between differentiation and dedifferentiation in cell fate determination.
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Adams DR, Ron D, Kiely PA. RACK1, A multifaceted scaffolding protein: Structure and function. Cell Commun Signal 2011; 9:22. [PMID: 21978545 PMCID: PMC3195729 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-9-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) is a member of the tryptophan-aspartate repeat (WD-repeat) family of proteins and shares significant homology to the β subunit of G-proteins (Gβ). RACK1 adopts a seven-bladed β-propeller structure which facilitates protein binding. RACK1 has a significant role to play in shuttling proteins around the cell, anchoring proteins at particular locations and in stabilising protein activity. It interacts with the ribosomal machinery, with several cell surface receptors and with proteins in the nucleus. As a result, RACK1 is a key mediator of various pathways and contributes to numerous aspects of cellular function. Here, we discuss RACK1 gene and structure and its role in specific signaling pathways, and address how posttranslational modifications facilitate subcellular location and translocation of RACK1. This review condenses several recent studies suggesting a role for RACK1 in physiological processes such as development, cell migration, central nervous system (CN) function and circadian rhythm as well as reviewing the role of RACK1 in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Adams
- Department of Life Sciences, and Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Brenner W, Beitz S, Schneider E, Benzing F, Unger RE, Roos FC, Thüroff JW, Hampel C. Adhesion of renal carcinoma cells to endothelial cells depends on PKCmu. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:183. [PMID: 20459627 PMCID: PMC2873397 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The formation of metastases includes the separation of tumor cells from the primary tumor, cell migration into subendothelial tissue and cell proliferation in secondary organ. In this process, cell adhesion of tumor cells to the endothelium is an essential requirement for formation of metastases. Protein kinase C (PKC) regulates adhesion and proliferation. To identify a relation between PKC isoforms and tumor progression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the influence of PKC isoforms on cell adhesion and proliferation, and possible influences of integrins were analyzed in RCC cells. Methods The experiments were performed in the RCC cell lines CCF-RC1 and CCF-RC2 after pre-incubation (16 h) with the PKC inhibitors GF109203X (inhibits PKCα, βI, βII, γ, δ and ε), GÖ6976 (inhibits PKCα, βI and μ), RO31-8220 (inhibits PKCα, βI, βII, γ and ε) and rottlerin (inhibits PKCδ). Cell adhesion was assessed through adherence of RCC cells to an endothelial monolayer. Cell proliferation was analyzed by a BrdU incorporation assay. The expression of β1 integrins was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results In CCF-RC1 cells, cell adhesion was significantly reduced by GÖ6976 to 55% and by RO31-8220 to 45% of control. In CCF-RC2 cells, only GÖ6976 induced a significant reduction of cell adhesion to 50% of control levels. Proliferation of both cell lines was reduced by rottlerin to 39% and 45% of control, respectively. The β1 integrin expression on the cell surface of CCF-RC1 and CCR-RC2 cells was decreased by RO31-8220 to 8% and 7% of control, respectively. β2 and β3 integrins were undetectable in both cell lines. Conclusions The combination of the PKC inhibitors leads to the assumption that PKCμ influences cell adhesion in CCF-RC1 and CCF-RC2 cells, whereas in CCF-RC1 cells PKCε also seems to be involved in this process. The expression of β1 integrins appears to be regulated in particular by PKCε. Cell proliferation was inhibited by rottlerin, so that PKCδ might be involved in cell proliferation in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walburgis Brenner
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Tschetter JR, Blikslager AT, Little D, Howard RD, Woody SL, Beex LM, Crisman MV. Detection of differentially regulated genes in ischaemic equine intestinal mucosa. Equine Vet J 2010; 37:319-24. [PMID: 16028620 DOI: 10.2746/0425164054529382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Colic is a serious disease syndrome in horses. Much of the mortality is associated with ischaemic-injured intestine during strangulating obstruction, yet there is limited understanding of the associated molecular events. Identification of differentially expressed genes during ischaemic injury should expand our understanding of colic and may lead to novel targeted therapeutic approaches in the future. OBJECTIVE To isolate and identify differentially expressed genes in equine jejunum following a 2 h ischaemic event compared to normally perfused jejunum. METHODS Suppressive subtractive hybridisation was used to clone genes that are differentially expressed in equine jejunum injured by 2 h of complete ischaemia as compared to time-matched control jejunal tissues. Expression of selected clones was further evaluated by northern blot analysis. RESULTS Of the 384 clones selected, 157 were confirmed to possess cDNAs corresponding differentially expressed genes by dot blot analysis. Two genes, fatty acid binding protein 2 and calcium-activated chloride channel 4 were further confirmed to be differentially expressed by northern blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS Suppressive subtractive hybridisation can be used to detect changes in expression of a broad array of genes, as confirmed by northern blot analysis of selected genes. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE These initial results have identified a pool of equine intestinal epithelial genes that are differentially expressed following a 2 h ischaemic event. In particular, genes indicative of deranged metabolic activity and those potentially involved in early repair events were identified and may ultimately provide clues as to the nature of epithelial ischaemic injury in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Tschetter
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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Interaction of integrin beta1 with cytokeratin 1 in neuroblastoma NMB7 cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2008; 35:1292-4. [PMID: 17956333 DOI: 10.1042/bst0351292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytokeratin 1, an intermediate filament keratin, was isolated as a partner of the tyrosine kinase Src from neuroblastoma NMB7 cells. The cytokeratin 1-Src complex was found to be associated with the molecular scaffolder RACK1 (receptor for activated protein kinase C). Interestingly, the cytokeratin 1-Src-RACK1 complex was found to actively bind with membrane receptors such as integrin beta1. We are interested in using this complex to find downstream kinases and phosphatases that bind upon cytokine stimulation, especially during neurogenesis.
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Huang CC, Liu CH, Chuang NN. An enhanced association of RACK1 with Abl in cells transfected with oncogenic ras. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 40:423-31. [PMID: 17881279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2007] [Revised: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cellular RACK1 was shown in association with Abl in BALB/3T3 cells transfected with S-ras(Q(61)K) by immunoprecipitation. An identical finding was demonstrated with cells transfected with the embryonic E-ras, but not in cells without transformation. The Abl-RACK1 of transformed cells as resolvable with Triton X-114 was found with little affinity for FAK, PY(397)-FAK and integrin. Of interests, PY(397)-FAK in the membrane skeleton of transformed cells was shown in significant quantities on the Western blot. However the PY(397)-FAK of transformed cells was not functionally able to react with RACK1 and recruit cytokeratin-1, a substrate of Src, indicating that PY(397)-FAK is not operative to transmit integrin signals. In other words, the Abl-RACK1 of transformed cells cannot replace the Src-RACK1 of cells without transformation to bridge PY(397)-FAK and cytokeratin-1 for integrin signals, and the formation of Abl-RACK1 in transformed cells may block the association of PY(397)-FAK-RACK1. We characterized Abl and RACK1 from transformed cells by chromatography on a HiTrap-PEP(Taxol) affinity column, constructed from a beta-tubulin peptide specific for Taxol binding (PEP(Taxol)). However, the Triton X-100 cannot achieve the same resolution of Abl-RACK1 from plasma membrane as is shown with Triton X-114. A significant fraction of Abl was deposited at the membrane skeleton and was therefore not accessible with Triton X-100. Half of Abl resolved with Triton X-100 was demonstrated to have catalytic activity as shown with positive phosphotyrosine staining on the Western blot and competitive elution with a specific phosphate, such as sodium beta-glycerophosphate, from HiTrap-PEP(Taxol), but this was not associated with RACK1. No significant difference of RACK1 was found in Triton X-100 resolvable membrane preparations from cells with and without transformations. Future studies are planned to differentiate the mechanism operative for RACK1 associated and RACK1 freed Abl in cells transformed with oncogenic ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Ching Huang
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ciruela F, Canela L, Burgueño J, Soriguera A, Cabello N, Canela EI, Casadó V, Cortés A, Mallol J, Woods AS, Ferré S, Lluis C, Franco R. Heptaspanning membrane receptors and cytoskeletal/scaffolding proteins: focus on adenosine, dopamine, and metabotropic glutamate receptor function. J Mol Neurosci 2005; 26:277-92. [PMID: 16012201 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:26:2-3:277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most cellular functions are mediated by multiprotein complexes. In neurons, these complexes are directly involved in the proper neuronal transmission, which is responsible for phenomena like learning, memory, and development. In recent years studies based on two-hybrid screens and proteomic, biochemical, and cell biology approaches have shown that intracellular domains of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or heptaspanning membrane receptors (HSMRs) interact with intracellular proteins. These interactions are the basis of a protein network associated with these receptors, which includes scaffolding proteins containing one or several PDZ (postsynaptic-density-95/discs-large/zona occludens-1) domains, signaling proteins, and proteins of the cytoskeleton. The present article is focused on the emerging evidence for interactions of adenosine, dopamine, and metabotropic glutamate receptors, with scaffolding and cytoskeletal proteins that play a role in the targeting and anchoring of these receptors to the plasma membrane, thus contributing to neuronal development and plasticity. Finally, given the complexity of neurological disorders such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy, exploitation of these HSMR-associated interactions might prove to be efficient in the treatment of such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ciruela
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Huang JW, Chen CL, Chuang NN. Trap RACK1 with Ras to mobilize Src signaling at syndecan-2/p120-GAP upon transformation with oncogenic ras. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 330:1087-94. [PMID: 15823555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.02.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
HiTrap-syndecan-2/p120-GAP and HiTrap-syndecan-2/RACK1 affinity columns were applied to reveal that Src tyrosine kinase was highly expressed in BALB/3T3 cells transfected with plasmids pcDNA3.1-[S-ras(Q(61)K)] of shrimp Penaeus japonicus. Both columns were effective to isolate Src tyrosine kinase. The selective molecular affinity for Src was found to be stronger with HiTrap-syndecan-2/RACK1, as revealed with competitive RACK1 to dislodge Src from HiTrap-syndecan-2/p120-GAP. We thus challenged the syndecan-2/p120-GAP and syndecan-2/RACK1 with GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q(61)K). The reaction between RACK1 and syndecan-2 was sustained in the presence of mutant Ras proteins, but not the reaction between p120-GAP and syndecan-2. In the presence of syndecan-2, GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q(61)K) exhibited sufficient reactivity with p120-GAP to discontinue the reaction between p120-GAP and syndecan-2. But the interference of mutant Ras disappeared when Src tyrosine kinase was introduced to stabilize the syndecan-2/p120-GAP complex. On the other hand, in the absence of syndecan-2, GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q(61)K) was found to react with RACK1. The reaction between GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q(61)K) and RACK1 could provide a mechanism to deprive RACK1 for the organization of syndecan-2/RACK1 complex and to facilitate the formation of syndecan-2/p120-GAP complex, as well as to provide docking sites for Src signaling upon transformation with oncogenic ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wen Huang
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chu LY, Chen YH, Chuang NN. Dimerize RACK1 upon transformation with oncogenic ras. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 330:474-82. [PMID: 15796907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
From our previous studies, we learned that syndecan-2/p120-GAP complex provided docking site for Src to prosecute tyrosine kinase activity upon transformation with oncogenic ras. And, RACK1 protein was reactive with syndecan-2 to keep Src inactivated, but not when Ras was overexpressed. In the present study, we characterized the reaction between RACK1 protein and Ras. RACK1 was isolated from BALB/3T3 cells transfected with plasmids pcDNA3.1-[S-ras(Q61K)] of shrimp Penaeus japonicus and RACK1 was revealed to react with GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q61K), not GDP-K(B)-Ras(Q61K). This selective interaction between RACK1 and GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q61K) was further confirmed with RACK1 of human placenta and mouse RACK1-encoded fusion protein. We found that RACK1 was dimerized upon reaction with GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q61K), as well as with 14-3-3beta and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, as revealed by phosphorylation with Src tyrosine kinase. We reported the complex of RACK1/GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q61K) reacted selectively with p120-GAP. This interaction was sufficient to dissemble RACK1 into monomers, a preferred form to compete for the binding of syndecan-2. These data indicate that the reaction of GTP-K(B)-Ras(Q61K) with RACK1 in dimers may operate a mechanism to deplete RACK1 from reaction with syndecan-2 upon transformation by oncogenic ras and the RACK1/GTP-Ras complex may provide a route to react with p120-GAP and recycle monomeric RACK1 to syndecan-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yun Chu
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang JW, Chen CL, Chuang NN. P120-GAP associated with syndecan-2 to function as an active switch signal for Src upon transformation with oncogenic ras. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 329:855-62. [PMID: 15752734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BALB/3T3 cells transfected with plasmids pcDNA3.1-[S-ras(Q(61)K)] of shrimp Penaeus japonicus were applied to reveal a complex of p120-GAP/syndecan-2 being highly expressed upon transformation. Of interest, most of the p120-GAP/syndecan-2 complex was localized at caveolae, a membrane microdomain enriched with caveolin-1. To confirm the molecular interaction between syndecan-2 and p120-GAP, we further purified p120-GAP protein from mouse brains by using an affinity column of HiTrap-RACK1 and expressed mouse RACK1-encoded fusion protein and mouse syndecan-2-encoded fusion protein in bacteria. We report molecular affinities exist between p120-GAP and RACK1, syndecan-2 and RACK1 as well as p120-GAP and syndecan-2. The selective affinity between p120-GAP and syndecan-2 was found to be sufficient to detach RACK1. The p120-GAP/syndecan-2 complex was demonstrated to keep Src tyrosine kinase in an activated form. On the other hand, the syndecan-2/RACK1 complex was found to have Src in an inactivated form. These data indicate that the p120-GAP/syndecan-2 complex at caveolae could provide a docking site for Src to transmit tyrosine signaling, implying that syndecan-2/p120-GAP functions as a tumor promoter upon transformation with oncogenic ras of shrimp P. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wen Huang
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Science, Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen HC, Chen CH, Chuang NN. Differential effects of prenyl pyrophosphates on the phosphatase activity of phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 301:307-16. [PMID: 15039989 DOI: 10.1002/jez.a.20034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase (PTPase) 1B was purified from human placenta. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the isolated PTPase 1B appears as a complex with the receptor for protein kinase C (RACK1) and protein kinase C (PKC)delta. The abilities of PTPase 1B and PKCdelta to associate with RACK1 were reconfirmed by an in vitro reconstitution experiment. The E. coli expressed and biotinylated mice-RACK1-encoded fusion protein was capable of recruiting PTPase 1B and PKCdelta in the antibiotin immunoprecipitate as a complex of PTPase 1B/RACK1/PKCdelta. Thus PTPase 1B enzyme preparation was subjected to further purification by selective binding of PTPase 1B onto PEP(Taxol) affinity column in the absence of ATP. The purified PTPase 1B enzyme exihibited dose-dependent phosphatase activity towards [gamma-(32)P]-ATP labeled mice beta-tubulin-encoded fusion protein. The dephosphorylation reaction with PTPase 1B was enhanced with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, but not with farnesyl pyrophosphate. Interestingly, additional incubation of the purified PTPase 1B enzyme preparation with RACK1, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate failed to modulate the dephosphorylation activity of PTPase 1B. In contrast, the enhancement effect of farnesyl pyrophosphate on the kinase activity of PKCdelta was sustained in the presence of RACK1. That is, farnesyl pyrophosphate may function as a signal to induce the kinase activity of PKCdelta in PTPase 1B/RACK1/PKCdelta complex but geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate may not for PTPase 1B. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:307-316, 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Chen Chen
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Science, Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Nankang 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
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