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Dash A, Udhayakumar J, Kumar M, Shukla R, Gandhi SS, Tyagi AK, Venkatesh M. Development of a micro electrochemical cell for in-situ deposition of 63Ni for use in electron capture detector (ECD) in gas chromatography. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2011.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, we describe a novel electrochemical approach to deposit 63Ni coatings on the inner surface of a copper annular ring for its application as an ionization source in electron capture detector of gas chromatograph. A description of the electrolytic cell, the process of deposition and the experimental set up used, analysis of the nickel deposit and results are presented in this article. Sources containing ∼370 MBq (∼10 mCi) 63Ni could be prepared. The quality of the prepared source in terms of nonleachability, uniform distribution of activity and stability that are necessary before application were evaluated and found to be highly satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Udhayakumar
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Division, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, Indien
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, Indien
| | - Rakesh Shukla
- Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Chemistry Division, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, Indien
| | - Shyamala S. Gandhi
- Bhaba Atomic Research Center, Radiopharmaceutical Division, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, Indien
| | - A. K. Tyagi
- Bhaba Atomic Research Center, Chemistry Division, Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, Indien
| | - Meera Venkatesh
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, Indien
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2
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Abstract
On-line coupled liquid chromatography-gas chromatography (LC-GC) is a powerful technique that combines the best features of LC and GC and is ideal for the analysis of complex samples. This review describes the unique features of on-line coupled LC-GC. The different interfaces and evaporation techniques are presented, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Guidelines are given for selecting a suitable LC-GC technique and representative applications are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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3
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Chapter 6 Methods for the determination and evaluation of chlorinated biphenyls (CBs) in environmental matrices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(00)80012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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4
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Abstract
The analysis of pesticides is relevant to both food quality and the environment. Many laboratories are occupied with the analysis of pesticides in food, water or soil. Capillary gas chromatography is the technique most widely used in pesticide analysis. In present laboratory practice it serves as a screening method for over 300 pesticides. In this review we describe the role of gas chromatography as an analytical tool in combination with currently used or recently developed sample preparation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R van der Hoff
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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5
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Mondello L, Dugo P, Dugo G, Lewis AC, Bartle KD. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled on-line with high resolution gas chromatography State of the art. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Boselli E, Grolimund B, Grob K, Lercker G, Amadò R. Solvent Trapping during Large Volume Injection with an Early Vapor Exit, Part 1: Description of the Flooding Process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(19980601)21:6<355::aid-jhrc355>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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van der Hoff GR, Baumamn RA, van Zoonen P, Brinkman UAT. Determination of organochlorine compounds in fatty matrices: Application of normal-phase LC clean-up coupled on-line to GC/ECD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240200408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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On-Line Sample Handling Strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(97)80006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
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9
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Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Semb SI, Vedde J, Brevik EM, Greibrokk T. Comparison of GC-ECD, GC-MS and GC-AED for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in highly contaminated marine sediments. Chromatographia 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02272820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Barceló D, Hennion MC. On-line sample handling strategies for the trace-level determination of pesticides and their degradation products in environmental waters. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Grimvall E, Östman C, Nilsson U. Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in human blood plasma by on-line and off-line liquid chromatography-gas chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240181102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Niederländer H, Nuijens M, Dozy E, Gooijer C, Velthorst N. Dioxetane chemiluminescence detection in liquid chromatography based on photosensitized on-line generation of singlet molecular oxygen; a thorough examination of experimental parameters and application to polychlorinated biphenyls. Anal Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)00229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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de Voogt P. Chromatographic clean-up methods for the determination of persistent organic compounds in aqueous environmental samples. Trends Analyt Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0165-9936(94)85010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Chapter 3 Extraction, Clean-Up And Recoveries Of Persistent Trace Organic Contaminants From Sediment And Biota Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(08)70123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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Schreiber GA, Helle N, Bögl KW. Detection of irradiated food--methods and routine applications. Int J Radiat Biol 1993; 63:105-30. [PMID: 8093462 DOI: 10.1080/09553009314550141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Irradiation of food for the purpose of extension of shelf life, control of microbial load, reduction of pathogenic microorganisms and disinfection is regarded by many consumers with suspicion. One reason is the lack of methods within food-controlling laboratories which can detect irradiation treatment and which are applied to control correct labelling. This review describes the potential of various methods to reveal irradiation treatment. Special emphasis is given to the three most successful methods, thermoluminescence, electron spin resonance spectroscopy and detection of volatiles. The possibilities and limitations of applying the methods in routine control are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Schreiber
- Institute for Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Federal Health Office (BGA), Berlin, Germany
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Liem AK, Baumann RA, de Jong AP, van der Velde EG, van Zoonen P. Analysis of organic micropollutants in the lipid fraction of foodstuffs. J Chromatogr A 1992; 624:317-39. [PMID: 1494011 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85686-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An overview is given of current techniques for the analysis of organic micropollutants that accumulate in the fatty fraction of foodstuffs, such as pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. Isolation and clean-up are considered to be of great importance in the field of residue analysis. In general, problems are related to the low levels of the individual compounds at which they usually occur and the complexity of extraction and clean-up procedures for isolating and separating analytes from matrix components and other contaminants. Therefore, special attention is focused on sample pretreatment and on coupled chromatographic techniques, showing developments towards multi-residue methods, miniaturization and automation of analytical procedures. Coupling of chromatographic techniques with spectroscopic techniques is also considered as an important tool for identification and confirmation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Liem
- Laboratory of Organic-Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, Netherlands
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Programmed-temperature injector for large-volume sample introduction in capillary gas chromatography and for liquid chromatography-gas chromatography interfacing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/mcs.1220040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
This review surveys the problems arising from the release of PCBs into the environment from the point of view of the analytical chemist. These problems are very complex and interdependent and so it is essential to recognize their mutual links rather than to separate one problem from another (sources of contamination, fate in the environment, toxic properties and particular capabilities, limitations and purposes of analytical methods). Prominent attention should be paid in the future to congener-specific analyses of "toxic" congeners using high-resolution gas chromatography and to toxicity-assessing biological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Brno
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Hyvönen H, Auvinen T, Riekkola ML, Himberg K. Determination of single PCB congeners in fish by on-line LC-GC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/mcs.1220040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Selectivity and sensitivity in coupled chromatographic techniques as applied in pesticide residue analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0165-9936(92)80114-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Schmarr HG, Mosandl A, Grob K. Stereoisomeric flavour compounds XXXVIII: Direct chirospecific analysis of γ-lactones using on-line coupled LC-GC with a chiral separation column. Chromatographia 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02268697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Poole SK, Dean TA, Oudsema JW, Poole CF. Sample preparation for chromatographic separations: an overview. Anal Chim Acta 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)83297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Vreuls JJ, Cuppen WJGM, Dolecka E, Maris FA, de Jong GJ, Brinkman UAT. Polar solvents for the desorption of a liquid chromatographic precolumn coupled on-line with a capillary gas chromatograph. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240121209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Hogendoorn EA, van der Hoff GR, van Zoonen P. Automated sample clean-up and fractionation of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human milk using NP-HPLC with column-switching. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240121204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Biedermann M, Grob K, Meier W. Partially concurrent eluent evaporation with an early vapor exit; detection of food irradiation through coupled LC-GC analysis of the fat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240120904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Davies IL, Markides KE, Lee ML, Raynor MW, Bartle KD. Applications of coupled LC-GC: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240120402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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