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Pekkarinen L, Kantonen T, Oikonen V, Haaparanta-Solin M, Aarnio R, Dickens AM, von Eyken A, Latva-Rasku A, Dadson P, Kirjavainen AK, Rajander J, Kalliokoski K, Rönnemaa T, Nummenmaa L, Nuutila P. Lower abdominal adipose tissue cannabinoid type 1 receptor availability in young men with overweight. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1844-1858. [PMID: 37368516 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1R) modulate feeding behavior and energy homeostasis, and the CB1R tone is dysgulated in obesity. This study aimed to investigate CB1R availability in peripheral tissue and brain in young men with overweight versus lean men. METHODS Healthy males with high (HR, n = 16) or low (LR, n = 20) obesity risk were studied with fluoride 18-labeled FMPEP-d2 positron emission tomography to quantify CB1R availability in abdominal adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, muscle, and brain. Obesity risk was assessed by BMI, physical exercise habits, and familial obesity risk, including parental overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. To assess insulin sensitivity, fluoro-[18 F]-deoxy-2-D-glucose positron emission tomography during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed. Serum endocannabinoids were analyzed. RESULTS CB1R availability in abdominal adipose tissue was lower in the HR than in the LR group, whereas no difference was found in other tissues. CB1R availability of abdominal adipose tissue and brain correlated positively with insulin sensitivity and negatively with unfavorable lipid profile, BMI, body adiposity, and inflammatory markers. Serum arachidonoyl glycerol concentration was associated with lower CB1R availability of the whole brain, unfavorable lipid profile, and higher serum inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest endocannabinoid dysregulation already in the preobesity state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pekkarinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tatu Kantonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Merja Haaparanta-Solin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Alex M Dickens
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Annie von Eyken
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Prince Dadson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Johan Rajander
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Sadeghzadeh M, Wenzel B, Nikodemus J, Florea A, Hertel F, Kopka K, Vogg ATJ, Kiessling F, Mottaghy FM. Improved protocol for the radiosynthesis of [ 18 F]FTC-146: A potent and selective sigma-1 receptor radioligand. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023; 66:116-125. [PMID: 36807307 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
[18 F]FTC-146 was introduced as a very potent and selective sigma-1 receptor radioligand, which has shown promising application as an imaging agent for neuropathic pain with positron emission tomography. In line with a multi-laboratory project on animal welfare, we chose this radioligand to investigate its potential for detecting neuropathic pain and tissue damage in tumor-bearing animals. However, the radiochemical yield (RCY) of around 4-7% was not satisfactory to us, and efforts were made to improve it. Herein, we describe an improved approach for the radiosynthesis of [18 F]FTC-146 resulting in a RCY, which is sevenfold higher than that previously reported. A tosylate precursor was synthesized and radio-fluorination experiments were performed via aliphatic nucleophilic substitution reactions using either K[18 F]F-Kryptofix®222 (K2.2.2 )-carbonate system or tetra-n-butylammonium [18 F]fluoride ([18 F]TBAF). Several parameters affecting the radiolabeling reaction such as solvent, 18 F-fluorination agent with the corresponding amount of base, labeling time, and temperature were investigated. Best labeling reaction conditions were found to be [18 F]TBAF and acetonitrile as solvent at 100°C. The new protocol was then translated to an automated procedure using a FX2 N synthesis module. Finally, the radiotracer reproducibly obtained with RCYs of 41.7 ± 4.4% in high radiochemical purity (>98%) and molar activities up to 171 GBq/μmol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Sadeghzadeh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Nikodemus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexandru Florea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Schools for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW) and Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Hertel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas T J Vogg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Schools for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), for Oncology and Reproduction (GROW) and Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Fadzil MFA, Ashhar Z, Safee ZM. Upgrades and regulatory aspects of [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) production using the FASTLab2 synthesizer. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Obesity risk is associated with altered cerebral glucose metabolism and decreased μ-opioid and CB 1 receptor availability. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 46:400-407. [PMID: 34728775 PMCID: PMC8794779 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a pressing public health concern worldwide. Novel pharmacological means are urgently needed to combat the increase of obesity and accompanying type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although fully established obesity is associated with neuromolecular alterations and insulin resistance in the brain, potential obesity-promoting mechanisms in the central nervous system have remained elusive. In this triple-tracer positron emission tomography study, we investigated whether brain insulin signaling, μ-opioid receptors (MORs) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) are associated with risk for developing obesity. METHODS Subjects were 41 young non-obese males with variable obesity risk profiles. Obesity risk was assessed by subjects' physical exercise habits, body mass index and familial risk factors, including parental obesity and T2D. Brain glucose uptake was quantified with [18F]FDG during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, MORs were quantified with [11C]carfentanil and CB1Rs with [18F]FMPEP-d2. RESULTS Subjects with higher obesity risk had globally increased insulin-stimulated brain glucose uptake (19 high-risk subjects versus 19 low-risk subjects), and familial obesity risk factors were associated with increased brain glucose uptake (38 subjects) but decreased availability of MORs (41 subjects) and CB1Rs (36 subjects). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the hereditary mechanisms promoting obesity may be partly mediated via insulin, opioid and endocannabinoid messaging systems in the brain.
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5
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Bratteby K, Shalgunov V, Herth MM. Aliphatic 18 F-Radiofluorination: Recent Advances in the Labeling of Base-Sensitive Substrates*. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2612-2622. [PMID: 34169672 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aliphatic fluorine-18 radiolabeling is the most commonly used method to synthesize tracers for PET-imaging. With an increasing demand for 18 F-radiotracers for clinical applications, new labeling strategies aiming to increase radiochemical yields of established tracers or, more importantly, to enable 18 F-labeling of new scaffolds have been developed. In recent years, increased attention has been focused on the direct aliphatic 18 F-fluorination of base-sensitive substrates in this respect. This minireview gives a concise overview of the recent advances within this field and aims to highlight the advantages and limitations of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klas Bratteby
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Barngatan 3, 222 42, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Manfred Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Saxena P, Singh AK, Dixit M, Kheruka SC, Mahmood T, Gambhir S. Establishing the [ 18F]-FDG Production via Two Different Automated Synthesizers for Routine Clinical Studies: Our Institutional Experiences of 4 years. Indian J Nucl Med 2021; 36:120-124. [PMID: 34385781 PMCID: PMC8320840 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_137_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) is the most widely used positron-emission tomography tracer used for imaging in clinical studies such as early detection of cancer or its malignancies, quantifications, staging, and restaging of several malignancies. For clinical application, routine production of this tracer is mandatory in compliance to regulatory guidelines. Several dedicated commercial synthesizers are currently used for producing[18F]-FDG for clinical usage. Being at hospital radiopharmacy, it is our responsibility and duty to support the clinical service with uninterrupted production and supply of [18F]-FDG. This document describes the production of [18F]-FDG using two different automated synthesizers in terms of its production yield, time of synthesis, and analyze the quality control (QC) of the produced [18F]-FDG. MATERIALS AND METHODS The precursor, mannose triflate ultra-pure, authentic nonradioactive standard FDG and [18O]-water were obtained from ABX, Germany. Solvents and reagents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich India Ltd. and Fisher Scientific India Ltd., (Mumbai, Maharashtra, India). RESULTS The protocol developed for the synthesis with MPS-100 synthesizer yield of [18F]-FDG is approximate about 45% End of Bombardment (EOB) with synthesis time of around 35 min, whereas with F300E synthesizer it is around 60% with synthesis time of 25 min. The quality of the tracer produced by both synthesizers is at par with the QC parameter for clinical applications. CONCLUSIONS Finally, we have developed the production using two automated synthesis modules which have the capability to produce [18F]-FDG, to do the patient studies in good yield and purity. Our protocol is simple, reproducible, and robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Saxena
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Dixit
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Kheruka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tarique Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Gambhir
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Letter to the Editor: Regarding the review “Historical and radiopharmaceutical relevance of [18F]FDG” Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (2020) 323:1017–1031, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-020-07013-y. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Bastin C, Giacomelli F, Miévis F, Lemaire C, Guillaume B, Salmon E. Anosognosia in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Lack of Awareness of Memory Difficulties Characterizes Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:631518. [PMID: 33868048 PMCID: PMC8044313 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.631518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While anosognosia is often present in Alzheimer's disease, the degree of awareness of cognitive difficulties in the earlier stages, such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), is less clear. Using a questionnaire and Feeling-of-Knowing tasks, the aims of this study were (1) to test the hypothesis that anosognosia is present specifically in prodromal AD stage in patients that, owing to a more severe AD neuropathology, will rapidly progress to overt dementia and (2) to assess the neural bases of self-awareness for memory functioning. A group of 44 patients with amnestic MCI and a group of 29 healthy older participants (CTRL) performed two Feeling-of-Knowing tasks (episodic and semantic FOK) and responded to the Functional Memory Scale (MARS), also completed by one of their relatives. They underwent FDG-PET and structural MRI. The participants were followed clinically for 4 years. At the end of follow-up, 23 patients with MCI developed Alzheimer's disease (converters) and 21 patients still presented symptoms of MCI without progression (non-converters). The analyses focused on the data from inclusion stratified according to clinical status 4 years later (converters, non-converters, CTRL). On the episodic FOK task, converters patients overestimated their ability to later recognize unrecalled words and they showed prediction accuracy (Hamann coefficient) at the level of chance. No difficulty was observed in any group with the semantic FOK task. On the MARS, converters patients had a higher anosognosia score than non-converters patients and CTRL, which did not differ from each other. Correlations between self-awareness scores and neuroimaging data using small volume correction analyses in a priori regions of interest in converters indicated that inaccurate episodic FOK judgments was related to changes in brain areas that might support interpretation of retrieved content for judging the likelihood of recognition. For the MARS, the association between anosognosia and decreased gray matter density of the left inferior prefrontal cortex in converters might indicate poor inhibition over outdated personal knowledge. In amnestic MCI, anosognosia could be an early sign of neurodegeneration in brain areas that would support control mechanisms over memory representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bastin
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Center-in vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,F.R.S.-Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Giacomelli
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Center-in vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Miévis
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Center-in vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Lemaire
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Center-in vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Salmon
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Center-in vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Memory Clinic, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Chiu CH, Huang YY, Tsai CL, Chou TK, Lo CH, Tsai KL, Chen JG, Yao CH, Chiu CH, Yen RF. Performance analysis and operational experience of [18F]FDG production with cassette-type modules in four hospitals of Taiwan. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Lecomte F, Aerts J, Plenevaux A, Defraiteur C, Chapuis-Hugon F, Rozet E, Chiap P, Luxen A, Pichon V, Hubert P, Hubert C. Performance evaluation of a MIP for the MISPE-LC determination of p-[ 18F]MPPF and a potential metabolite in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 180:113015. [PMID: 31865206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Within the family of serotonin (5-HT) receptors, the 5-HT1A subtype is particularly interesting as it may be involved in various physiological processes or psychological disorders. The p-[18F]MPPF, a highly selective 5-HT1A antagonist, is used for in vivo studies in human or animal by means of positron emission tomography (PET) [1]. In order to selectively extract p-[18F]MPPF and its main metabolites from plasma, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared against these compounds by using the p-MPPF as template. For the control of the selectivity, non-imprinted polymer (NIP) was also synthesized without template. The MIP sorbent, packed in disposable extraction cartridges (DECs), was then evaluated as molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) prior to the LC determination. The conditions of extraction were evaluated in order to obtain the highest selective retention of the p-[18F]MPPF and its metabolites on this MIP. The MIP selectivity was exploited in the loading and washing steps by adjusting the pH of plasma samples at a suitable value and by selecting mixtures for the washing step to limit the contribution of non-specific interactions. Other important parameters involved in the conditioning and elution steps were also studied. Finally, a pre-validation was carried out with optimal extraction conditions to demonstrate the performance of this MISPE-LC method as a generic method in the context of evaluation of new MISPE for p-[18F]MPPF and its potential for metabolites extraction from human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lecomte
- University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
| | - J Aerts
- University of Liège (ULiege), GIGA-CRC In VIVO Imaging, Liège, Belgium
| | - A Plenevaux
- University of Liège (ULiege), GIGA-CRC In VIVO Imaging, Liège, Belgium
| | - C Defraiteur
- University of Liège (ULiege), GIGA-CRC In VIVO Imaging, Liège, Belgium
| | - F Chapuis-Hugon
- Dept of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), UMR CBI 8231 (CNRS-ESPCI Paris), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - E Rozet
- Pharmalex, Mont-St-Guibert, Belgium
| | - P Chiap
- Academic Hospital of Liège, Department of Toxicology, GLP-AEPT Unit, CIRM, Liège, Belgium
| | - A Luxen
- University of Liège (ULiege), GIGA-CRC In VIVO Imaging, Liège, Belgium
| | - V Pichon
- Dept of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), UMR CBI 8231 (CNRS-ESPCI Paris), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Ph Hubert
- University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
| | - C Hubert
- University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium.
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Patinglag L, Esfahani MMN, Ragunathan K, He P, Brown NJ, Archibald SJ, Pamme N, Tarn MD. On-chip electrochemical detection of glucose towards the miniaturised quality control of carbohydrate-based radiotracers. Analyst 2020; 145:4920-4930. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01881f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have developed two microfluidic platforms for the electrochemical detection of glucose, using either a screen-printed electrode or wire electrodes, towards the quality control testing of carbohydrate-based radiotracers used in medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Patinglag
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| | | | | | - Ping He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
| | | | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
| | - Nicole Pamme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| | - Mark D. Tarn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
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Evaluation of 5-[ 18F]fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine as a tumor imaging agent: A comparison of [ 18F]FdUrd, [ 18F]FLT and [ 18F]FDG. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 148:152-159. [PMID: 30959352 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is increased cell proliferation. Measurements of cell proliferation by estimation of DNA synthesis with several radiolabeled nucleosides have been tested to assess tumor growth. Deoxycytidine can be phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and is incorporated into DNA. This study evaluated a radiofluorinated deoxycytidine analog, 5-[18F]fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine ([18F]FdCyd), as a proliferation probe and compared it with 5-[18F]fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine ([18F]FdUrd), 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT), and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) in a tumor-bearing mouse model. [18F]FdCyd was synthesized from two precursors by direct electrophilic substitution. The serum stability and partition coefficient of [18F]FdCyd were evaluated in vitro. Positron emission topography (PET) imaging of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-bearing mice with [18F]FdCyd, [18F]FdUrd, [18F]FLT, and [18F]FDG were evaluated. [18F]FdCyd was stable in mouse serum and normal saline for up to 4 h. With all radiotracers except [18F]FLT, PET can clearly delineate the tumor lesion. [18F]FdCyd and [18F]FdUrd showed high accumulation in the liver and kidney. The SUV and tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratios derived from PET imaging of the radiotracers were [18F]FDG > [18F]FdCyd > [18F]FdUrd > [18F]FLT. Selective retention in tumors with a favorable tumor/muscle ratio makes [18F]FdCyd a protential candidate for further investigation as a proliferation imaging agent.
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Production of diverse PET probes with limited resources: 24 18F-labeled compounds prepared with a single radiosynthesizer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:11309-11314. [PMID: 29073049 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1710466114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
New radiolabeled probes for positron-emission tomography (PET) are providing an ever-increasing ability to answer diverse research and clinical questions and to facilitate the discovery, development, and clinical use of drugs in patient care. Despite the high equipment and facility costs to produce PET probes, many radiopharmacies and radiochemistry laboratories use a dedicated radiosynthesizer to produce each probe, even if the equipment is idle much of the time, to avoid the challenges of reconfiguring the system fluidics to switch from one probe to another. To meet growing demand, more cost-efficient approaches are being developed, such as radiosynthesizers based on disposable "cassettes," that do not require reconfiguration to switch among probes. However, most cassette-based systems make sacrifices in synthesis complexity or tolerated reaction conditions, and some do not support custom programming, thereby limiting their generality. In contrast, the design of the ELIXYS FLEX/CHEM cassette-based synthesizer supports higher temperatures and pressures than other systems while also facilitating flexible synthesis development. In this paper, the syntheses of 24 known PET probes are adapted to this system to explore the possibility of using a single radiosynthesizer and hot cell for production of a diverse array of compounds with wide-ranging synthesis requirements, alongside synthesis development efforts. Most probes were produced with yields and synthesis times comparable to literature reports, and because hardware modification was unnecessary, it was convenient to frequently switch among probes based on demand. Although our facility supplies probes for preclinical imaging, the same workflow would be applicable in a clinical setting.
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14
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Iwata R, Pascali C, Terasaki K, Ishikawa Y, Furumoto S, Yanai K. Minimization of the amount of Kryptofix 222 - KHCO 3 for applications to microscale 18 F-radiolabeling. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 125:113-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sjöros TJ, Heiskanen MA, Motiani KK, Löyttyniemi E, Eskelinen JJ, Virtanen KA, Savisto NJ, Solin O, Hannukainen JC, Kalliokoski KK. Increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in both leg and arm muscles after sprint interval and moderate-intensity training in subjects with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:77-87. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Sjöros
- Turku PET Centre; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
| | | | - K. K. Motiani
- Turku PET Centre; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - E. Löyttyniemi
- Department of Biostatistics; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | | | - K. A. Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Turku PET Centre; Turku University Hospital; Turku Finland
| | - N. J. Savisto
- Turku PET Centre; University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - O. Solin
- Turku PET Centre; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Turku PET Centre; Åbo Akademi University; Turku Finland
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16
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Eskelinen JJ, Heinonen I, Löyttyniemi E, Hakala J, Heiskanen MA, Motiani KK, Virtanen K, Pärkkä JP, Knuuti J, Hannukainen JC, Kalliokoski KK. Left ventricular vascular and metabolic adaptations to high-intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous training: a randomized trial in healthy middle-aged men. J Physiol 2016; 594:7127-7140. [PMID: 27500951 DOI: 10.1113/jp273089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become popular, time-sparing alternative to moderate intensity continuous training (MICT), although the cardiac vascular and metabolic effects of HIIT are incompletely known. We compared the effects of 2-week interventions with HIIT and MICT on myocardial perfusion and free fatty acid and glucose uptake. Insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose uptake was decreased by training without any significantly different response between the groups, whereas free fatty acid uptake remained unchanged. Adenosine-stimulated myocardial perfusion responded differently to the training modes (change in mean HIIT: -19%; MICT: +9%; P = 0.03 for interaction) and was correlated with myocardial glucose uptake for the entire dataset and especially after HIIT training. HIIT and MICT induce similar metabolic and functional changes in the heart, although myocardial vascular hyperaemic reactivity is impaired after HIIT, and this should be considered when prescribing very intense HIIT for previously untrained subjects. ABSTRACT High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient way of obtaining the health benefits of exercise, although the cardiac effects of this training mode are incompletely known. We compared the effects of short-term HIIT and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) interventions on myocardial perfusion and metabolism and cardiac function in healthy, sedentary, middle-aged men. Twenty-eight healthy, middle-aged men were randomized to either HIIT or MICT groups (n = 14 in both) and underwent six cycle ergometer training sessions within 2 weeks (HIIT session: 4-6 × 30 s all-out cycling/4 min recovery, MICT session 40-60 min at 60% V̇O2 peak ). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) was performed to measure cardiac structure and function and positron emission tomography was used to measure myocardial perfusion at baseline and during adenosine stimulation, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (MGU) and fasting free fatty acid uptake (MFFAU). End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes increased and ejection fraction slightly decreased with both training modes, although no other changes in CMRI were observed. MFFAU and basal myocardial perfusion remained unchanged. MGU was decreased by training (HIIT from 46.5 to 35.9; MICT from 47.4 to 44.4 mmol 100 g-1 min-1 , P = 0.007 for time, P = 0.11 for group × time). Adenosine-stimulated myocardial perfusion responded differently to the training modes (change in mean HIIT: -19%; MICT: +9%; P = 0.03 for group × time interaction). HIIT and MICT induce similar metabolic and functional changes in the heart, although myocardial vascular hyperaemic reactivity is impaired after HIIT. This should be taken into account when prescribing very intense HIIT for previously untrained subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilkka Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, University Of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Juuso Hakala
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Jussi P Pärkkä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear medicine, and PET, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear medicine, and PET, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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17
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Warnier C, Lemaire C, Becker G, Zaragoza G, Giacomelli F, Aerts J, Otabashi M, Bahri MA, Mercier J, Plenevaux A, Luxen A. Enabling Efficient Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging of Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) with a Robust and One-Step Radiosynthesis of a Highly Potent 18F-Labeled Ligand ([ 18F]UCB-H). J Med Chem 2016; 59:8955-8966. [PMID: 27598384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We herein describe the straightforward synthesis of a stable pyridyl(4-methoxyphenyl)iodonium salt and its [18F] radiolabeling within a one-step, fully automated and cGMP compliant radiosynthesis of [18F]UCB-H ([18F]7), a PET tracer for the imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A). Over the course of 1 year, 50 automated productions provided 34 ± 2% of injectable [18F]7 from up to 285 GBq (7.7 Ci) of [18F]fluoride in 50 min (uncorrected radiochemical yield, specific activity of 815 ± 185 GBq/μmol). The successful implementation of our synthetic strategy within routine, high-activity, and cGMP productions attests to its practicality and reliability for the production of large doses of [18F]7. In addition to enabling efficient and cost-effective clinical research on a range of neurological pathologies through the imaging of SV2A, this work further demonstrates the real value of iodonium salts for the cGMP 18F-PET tracer manufacturing industry, and their ability to fulfill practical and regulatory requirements in that field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Warnier
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Christian Lemaire
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Becker
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidad de RX, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fabrice Giacomelli
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Joël Aerts
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium.,INSERM U1148 , 75018 Paris, France
| | | | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Alain Plenevaux
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liege , 4000 Liege, Belgium
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18
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Gao S, Tang G, Zhu S, Hu K, Yao S, Tang C, Yang C, Wang Y, Li J, Pan X, Guo J, Wang Q, Gao R, Zhang W, Wang J, Huang J, Zang L. Semi-automated radiosynthesis of 18F-labeled l-arginine derivative as a potential PET tracer for lung cancer imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Lindner S, Rensch C, Neubaur S, Neumeier M, Salvamoser R, Samper V, Bartenstein P. Azeotropic drying free [18F]FDG synthesis and its application to a lab-on-chip platform. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:729-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07106b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[18F]FDG was prepared using a cartridge-based drying technique for [18F]fluoride. The application to a lab-on-chip platform demonstrates a proof of concept towards reduced hardware complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- University Hospital Munich LMU
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - C. Rensch
- GE Global Research
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - S. Neubaur
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- University Hospital Munich LMU
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - M. Neumeier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- University Hospital Munich LMU
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | | | - V. Samper
- GE Global Research
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - P. Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- University Hospital Munich LMU
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
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20
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Eskelinen JJ, Heinonen I, Löyttyniemi E, Saunavaara V, Kirjavainen A, Virtanen KA, Hannukainen JC, Kalliokoski KK. Muscle-specific glucose and free fatty acid uptake after sprint interval and moderate-intensity training in healthy middle-aged men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:1172-80. [PMID: 25767035 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01122.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that sprint interval training (SIT) causes larger improvements in glucose and free fatty acid uptake (FFAU) in lower and upper body muscles than moderate-intensity training (MIT). Twenty-eight healthy, untrained, middle-aged men were randomized into SIT (n = 14, 4-6 × 30 s of all-out cycling/4 min recovery) and MIT groups [n = 14, 40-60 min cycling at 60% of peak O2 uptake (V̇o2 peak)] and completed six training sessions within 2 wk. Pre- and postmeasurements included V̇o2 peak, whole body (M-value), muscle-specific insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU), and fasting FFAU measured with positron emission tomography in thigh [quadriceps femoris (QF) and hamstrings] and upper body (deltoids, biceps, and triceps brachii) muscles. V̇o2 peak and M-value improved significantly by 6 and 12% in SIT, and 3 and 8% in MIT, respectively,. GU increased significantly only in the QF, and there was no statistically significant difference between the training modes. GU increased in all four heads of QF in response to SIT, but only in the vasti muscles in response to MIT, whereas in rectus femoris the response was completely lacking. Training response in FFAU in QF was smaller and nonsignificant, but it also differed between the training modes in the rectus femoris. In conclusion, SIT and MIT increased insulin-stimulated GU only in the main working muscle QF and not in the upper body muscles. In addition, the biarticular rectus femoris did not respond to moderate-intensity training, reflecting most probably poor activation of it during moderate-intensity cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilkka Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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21
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Wu CY, Chan PC, Chou LS, Chang CW, Yang FY, Liu RS, Chiou SH, Chen YW, Yen SH, Wang HE. Pulsed-focused ultrasound enhances boron drug accumulation in a human head and neck cancer xenograft-bearing mouse model. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 16:95-101. [PMID: 23925592 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to demonstrate that pulsed high-intensity focused ultrasound (pulsed-HIFU) may enhance the fructose-conjugated 4-borono-L-phenylalanine (BPA-Fr) accumulation in tumor lesion using (18)F-FBPA-Fr microPET scans. PROCEDURES To the mice bearing orthotopic SASC03 human tongue squamous carcinoma xenograft, a 2-min pulsed-HIFU was applied to tumor. Immediately after pulsed-HIFU treatment, (18)F-FBPA-Fr was intravenously injected, and biological characterizations including microPET imaging and biodistribution were conducted. RESULTS Both biodistribution studies and microPET imaging performed after intravenous injection of (18)F-FBPA-Fr revealed higher tumor uptake in HIFU-treated mice than that of the control. CD31 and Ki-67 histochemical staining of tumor sections and H&E staining of nearby normal tissues revealed no significant difference between the pulsed-HIFU-treated mice and the control. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that pulsed-HIFU was beneficial to the accumulation of boron drug in the head and neck tumor lesion and may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of clinical BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Li-Nong St, 11217, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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He P, Haswell SJ, Pamme N, Archibald SJ. Advances in processes for PET radiotracer synthesis: Separation of [18F]fluoride from enriched [18O]water. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 91:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Ismail R, Irribaren J, Javed MR, Machness A, Michael van Dam R, Keng PY. Cationic imidazolium polymer monoliths for efficient solvent exchange, activation and fluorination on a continuous flow system. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04064c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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24
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Automated synthesis of symmetric integrin αvβ3-targeted radiotracer [18F]FP-PEG3-β-Glu-RGD2. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Warnock G, Turtoi A, Blomme A, Bretin F, Bahri MA, Lemaire C, Libert LC, Seret AE, Luxen A, Castronovo V, Plenevaux AR. In Vivo PET/CT in a Human Glioblastoma Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane Model: A New Tool for Oncology and Radiotracer Development. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1782-8. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.117150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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26
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Jedidi H, Feyers D, Collette F, Bahri MA, Jaspar M, d'Argembeau A, Salmon E, Bastin C. Dorsomedial prefrontal metabolism and unawareness of current characteristics of personality traits in Alzheimer's disease. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 9:1458-63. [PMID: 23946004 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anosognosia is a complex symptom corresponding to a lack of awareness of one's current clinical status. Anosognosia for cognitive deficits has frequently been described in Alzheimer's disease (AD), while unawareness of current characteristics of personality traits has rarely been considered. We used a well-established questionnaire-based method in a group of 37 AD patients and in healthy controls to probe self- and hetero-evaluation of patients' personality and we calculated differential scores between each participant's and his/her relative's judgments. A brain-behavior correlation was performed using 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) images. The behavioral data showed that AD patients presented with anosognosia for current characteristics of their personality and their anosognosia was primarily explained by impaired third perspective taking. The brain-behavior correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between anosognosia for current characteristics of personality and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dMPFC) activity. Behavioral and neuroimaging data are consistent with the view that impairment of different functions subserved by the dMPFC (self-evaluation, inferences regarding complex enduring dispositions of self and others, confrontation of perspectives in interpersonal scripts) plays a role in anosognosia for current characteristics of personality in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroun Jedidi
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium, National Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS, Belgium, and Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium, National Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS, Belgium, and Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Dorothée Feyers
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium, National Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS, Belgium, and Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Collette
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium, National Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS, Belgium, and Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium, National Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS, Belgium, and Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium, National Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS, Belgium, and Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium, National Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS, Belgium, and Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium, National Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS, Belgium, and Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Jaspar
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium, National Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS, Belgium, and Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud d'Argembeau
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium, National Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS, Belgium, and Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium, National Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS, Belgium, and Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium, National Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS, Belgium, and Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Salmon
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium, National Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS, Belgium, and Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Bastin
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium, National Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS, Belgium, and Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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27
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Ribeiro Morais G, Falconer RA, Santos I. Carbohydrate-Based Molecules for Molecular Imaging in Nuclear Medicine. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Simple and efficient automated radiosynthesis of 2-18F-fluoropropionic acid using solid-phase extraction cartridges purification. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Bastin C, Feyers D, Jedidi H, Bahri MA, Degueldre C, Lemaire C, Collette F, Salmon E. Episodic autobiographical memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: what are the neural correlates? Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:1811-25. [PMID: 22422512 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Autobiographical memory in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) is characterized by impaired retrieval of episodic memories, but relatively preserved personal semantic knowledge. This study aimed to identify (via FDG-PET) the neural substrates of impaired episodic specificity of autobiographical memories in 35 aMCI patients compared with 24 healthy elderly controls. Significant correlations between regional cerebral activity and the proportion of episodic details in autobiographical memories from two life periods were found in specific regions of an autobiographical brain network. In aMCI patients, more than in controls, specifically episodic memories from early adulthood were associated with metabolic activity in the cuneus and in parietal regions. We hypothesized that variable retrieval of episodic autobiographical memories in our aMCI patients would be related to their variable capacity to reactivate specific sensory-perceptual and contextual details of early adulthood events linked to reduced (occipito-parietal) visual imagery and less efficient (parietal) attentional processes. For recent memories (last year), a correlation emerged between the proportion of episodic details and activity in lateral temporal regions and the temporo-parietal junction. Accordingly, variable episodic memory for recent events may be related to the efficiency of controlled search through general events likely to provide cues for the retrieval of episodic details and to the ability to establish a self perspective favouring recollection.
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Stojanov K, de Vries EF, Hoekstra D, van Waarde A, Dierckx RA, Zuhorn IS. [
18
F]FDG Labeling of Neural Stem Cells for in Vivo Cell Tracking with Positron Emission Tomography: Inhibition of Tracer Release by Phloretin. Mol Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katica Stojanov
- From the Departments of Cell Biology/Membrane Cell Biology and Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik F.J. de Vries
- From the Departments of Cell Biology/Membrane Cell Biology and Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Hoekstra
- From the Departments of Cell Biology/Membrane Cell Biology and Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- From the Departments of Cell Biology/Membrane Cell Biology and Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx
- From the Departments of Cell Biology/Membrane Cell Biology and Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Inge S. Zuhorn
- From the Departments of Cell Biology/Membrane Cell Biology and Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Smith GS, Kahn A, Sacher J, Rusjan P, van Eimeren T, Flint A, Wilson AA. Serotonin transporter occupancy and the functional neuroanatomic effects of citalopram in geriatric depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011; 19:1016-25. [PMID: 21841458 PMCID: PMC3968900 DOI: 10.1097/jgp.0b013e318227f83f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The functional neuroanatomic changes associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment have been the focus of positron emission tomography (PET) studies of cerebral glucose metabolism in geriatric depression. DESIGN To evaluate the underlying neurochemical mechanisms, both cerebral glucose metabolism and serotonin transporter (SERT) availability were measured before and during treatment with the SSRI, citalopram. It was hypothesized that SERT occupancy would be observed in cortical and limbic brain regions that have shown metabolic effects, as well as striatal and thalamic regions that have been implicated in prior studies in midlife patients. SETTING Psychiatric outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS Seven depressed patients who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for current major depressive episode were enrolled. INTERVENTION Patients underwent a 12-week open-label trial of the SSRI, citalopram. MEASUREMENTS Patients underwent high-resolution research tomography PET scans to measure changes in cerebral glucose metabolism and SERT occupancy by citalopram treatment (after 8-10 weeks of treatment). RESULTS Three different tracer kinetic models were applied to the [¹¹C]-DASB region-of-interest data and yielded similar results of an average of greater than 70% SERT occupancy in the striatum and thalamus during citalopram treatment. Voxel-wise analyses showed significant SERT occupancy in these regions, as well as cortical (e.g., anterior cingulate, superior and middle frontal, precuneus, and limbic (parahippocampal gyrus) areas that also showed reductions in glucose metabolism. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that cortical and limbic SERT occupancy may be an underlying mechanism for the regional cerebral metabolic effects of citalopram in geriatric depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenn S Smith
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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32
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De Leonardis F, Pascali G, Salvadori PA, Watts P, Pamme N. On-chip pre-concentration and complexation of [¹⁸F]fluoride ions via regenerable anion exchange particles for radiochemical synthesis of Positron Emission Tomography tracers. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4714-9. [PMID: 21683956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic approaches have demonstrated a relevant impact on radiochemical reactions involving Positron Emission Tomography (PET) nuclides, due to shorter reaction times and smaller precursor quantities. However, little attention has been given to the integration of the initial pre-concentration and drying of radioactive [(18)F]fluoride ions, required for the labeling of radiotracer compounds. In this work we report the design, fabrication and implementation of a glass microfluidic device filled with recyclable anion exchange particles for the repeated recovery of [(18)F] and [(19)F]fluoride ions. The device was first tested with non radioactive [(19)F]fluoride ions and it was shown to repeatedly trap and elute >95% fluoride over 40 successive experimental runs with no decrease in efficiency. The same device was then tested for the trapping and release of [(18)F]fluoride ions over 20 experiments with no measurable decrease in performance. Finally, the [(18)F]fluoride ions were eluted as a K(18)F/K2.2.2 complex, dried by repeated dissolution in acetonitrile and evaporation of residual water, and reacted with ethyl ditosylate (EtDT) leading to the desired product ([(18)F]fluoroethyltosylate) with 96 ± 3% yield (RCY). The overall time needed for conditioning, trapping, elution and regeneration was less than 6 min. This approach will be of great benefit towards an integrated platform able to perform faster and safer radiochemical synthesis on the micro-scale.
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Bastin C, Feyers D, Souchay C, Guillaume B, Pepin JL, Lemaire C, Degueldre C, Collette F, Salmon E. Frontal and posterior cingulate metabolic impairment in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia with impaired autonoetic consciousness. Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 33:1268-78. [PMID: 21520350 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although memory dysfunction is not a prominent feature of the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bv-FTD), there is evidence of specific deficits of episodic memory in these patients. They also have problems monitoring their memory performance. The objective of the present study was to explore the ability to consciously retrieve own encoding of the context of events (autonoetic consciousness) and the ability to monitor memory performance using feeling-of-knowing (FOK) in bv-FTD. Analyses of the patients' cerebral metabolism (FDG-PET) allowed an examination of whether impaired episodic memory in bv-FTD is associated with the frontal dysfunction characteristic of the pathology or a dysfunction of memory-specific regions pertaining to Papez's circuit. Data were obtained from eight bv-FTD patients and 26 healthy controls. Autonoetic consciousness was evaluated by Remember responses during the recognition memory phase of the FOK experiment. As a group, bv-FTD patients demonstrated a decline in autonoetic consciousness and FOK accuracy at the chance level. While memory monitoring was impaired in most (seven) patients, four bv-FTD participants had individual impairment of autonoetic consciousness. They specifically showed reduced metabolism in the anterior medial prefrontal cortex, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (near the superior frontal sulcus), parietal regions, and the posterior cingulate cortex. These findings were tentatively interpreted by considering the role of the metabolically impaired brain regions in self-referential processes, suggesting that the bv-FTD patients' problem consciously retrieving episodic memories may stem at least partly from deficient access to and maintenance/use of information about the self. Frontal and posterior cingulate metabolic impairment in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia with impaired autonoetic consciousness
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Laxton AW, Tang-Wai DF, McAndrews MP, Zumsteg D, Wennberg R, Keren R, Wherrett J, Naglie G, Hamani C, Smith GS, Lozano AM. A phase I trial of deep brain stimulation of memory circuits in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 2010; 68:521-34. [PMID: 20687206 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian W Laxton
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Olberg DE, Arukwe JM, Grace D, Hjelstuen OK, Solbakken M, Kindberg GM, Cuthbertson A. One step radiosynthesis of 6-[(18)F]fluoronicotinic acid 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester ([(18)F]F-Py-TFP): a new prosthetic group for efficient labeling of biomolecules with fluorine-18. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1732-40. [PMID: 20088512 DOI: 10.1021/jm9015813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The labeling of biomolecules for positron emission tomography (PET) with no-carrier-added fluorine-18 is almost exclusively accomplished using prosthetic groups in a two step procedure. The inherent complexity of the process renders full automation a challenge and leads to protracted synthesis times. Here we describe a new (18)F-labeled prosthetic group based on nicotinic acid tetrafluorophenyl ester. Reaction of [(18)F]fluoride at 40 degrees C with the trimethylammonium precursor afforded 6-[(18)F]fluoronicotinic acid tetrafluorophenyl ester ([(18)F]F-Py-TFP) directly in 60-70% yield. [(18)F]F-Py-TFP was conveniently purified by Sep-Pak cartridge prior to incubation with a peptide containing the RGD sequence. The desired conjugate was formed rapidly and in good yields. An in vitro receptor-binding assay for the integrin alpha(v)beta(3) was established to explore competition with peptide and peptidomimetic prepared from F-Py-TFP with (125)I-echistatin. The nonradioactive conjugates were found to possess high binding affinities with calculated K(i) values in the low nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dag E Olberg
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Koziorowski J. A simple method for the quality control of [(18)F]FDG. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 68:1740-2. [PMID: 20346685 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most automated synthesis modules produce [(18)F]FDG within half an hour, but the quality control involving up to three separate methods and three different analytical systems is time consuming. The use of HPLC, TLC, and GC for the quality control of [(18)F]FDG is both time consuming and expensive (high purchase costs). Presented here is a method using a single HPLC system for all three analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Koziorowski
- Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University, Dept. Clin. Phys. Nucl. Med., 54P1, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev, Denmark.
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Aerts J, Voccia S, Lemaire C, Giacomelli F, Goblet D, Thonon D, Plenevaux A, Warnock G, Luxen A. Fast production of highly concentrated reactive [18F] fluoride for aliphatic and aromatic nucleophilic radiolabelling. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Brown LJ, Ma N, Bouvet DR, Champion S, Gibson AM, Hu Y, Jackson A, Khan I, Millot N, Topley AC, Wadsworth H, Wynn D, Brown RCD. Synthesis of the positron-emitting radiotracer [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose from resin-bound perfluoroalkylsulfonates. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:564-75. [DOI: 10.1039/b816032e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fukumura T, Takei M, Suzuki K. Synthesis and biodistribution of 34mCl-labeled 2-chloro-2-deoxy-d-glucose: A major impurity in [18F]FDG injection. Appl Radiat Isot 2008; 66:1905-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rodriguez-Porcel M, Cai W, Gheysens O, Willmann JK, Chen K, Wang H, Chen IY, He L, Wu JC, Li ZB, Mohamedali KA, Kim S, Rosenblum MG, Chen X, Gambhir SS. Imaging of VEGF receptor in a rat myocardial infarction model using PET. J Nucl Med 2008; 49:667-73. [PMID: 18375924 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.107.040576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to left ventricular (LV) remodeling, which leads to the activation of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, the kinetics of a growth factor's receptor expression, such as VEGF, in the living subject has not yet been described. We have developed a PET tracer (64Cu-DOTA-VEGF121 [DOTA is 1,4,7,10-tetraazadodecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid]) to image VEGF receptor (VEGFR) expression after MI in the living subject. METHODS In Sprague-Dawley rats, MI was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery and confirmed by ultrasound (n = 8). To image and study the kinetics of VEGFRs, 64Cu-DOTA-VEGF121 PET scans were performed before MI induction (baseline) and on days 3, 10, 17, and 24 after MI. Sham-operated animals served as controls (n = 3). RESULTS Myocardial origin of the 64Cu-DOTA-VEGF121 signal was confirmed by CT coregistration and autoradiography. VEGFR specificity of the 64Cu-DOTA-VEGF121 probe was confirmed by in vivo use of a 64Cu-DOTA-VEGFmutant. Baseline myocardial uptake of 64Cu-DOTA-VEGF121 was minimal (0.30 +/- 0.07 %ID/g [percentage injected dose per gram of tissue]); it increased significantly after MI (day 3, 0.97 +/- 0.05 %ID/g; P < 0.05 vs. baseline) and remained elevated for 2 wk (up to day 17 after MI), after which time it returned to baseline levels. CONCLUSION We demonstrate the feasibility of imaging VEGFRs in the myocardium. In summary, we imaged and described the kinetics of 64Cu-DOTA-VEGF121 uptake in a rat model of MI. Studies such as the one presented here will likely play a major role when studying pathophysiology and assessing therapies in different animal models of disease and, potentially, in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rodriguez-Porcel
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5427, USA
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Lutz AM, Ray P, Willmann JK, Drescher C, Gambhir SS. 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose accumulation in ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Mol Imaging Biol 2007; 9:260-6. [PMID: 17610017 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-007-0105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) accumulation in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines compared with control tumor cell lines known to accumulate FDG. PROCEDURES FDG accumulation assays were performed in 15 different ovarian carcinoma cell lines at 1, 2, and 3 hours after incubation with 1 microCi of FDG. Results were compared with FDG accumulation in six different control tumor cell lines. 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose accumulation was expressed as counts per minute (cpm) in cells and normalized to initial cpm in medium and total protein content of cell lysates. RESULTS FDG accumulation in all 15 ovarian carcinoma cell lines was equal to or higher than 0.0005 +/- 8.6 10(-5) cpm in cells/cpm in medium/mug protein at all three different time points. In two ovarian carcinoma cell lines (ES-2, poorly differentiated clear cell carcinoma, and OVCAR-3, poorly differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma), FDG accumulation was not statistically, significantly different compared to the control cell line with the highest FDG accumulation (LS 174T human colorectal adenocarcinoma) at two or more time points (P > or = 0.07). In 2 of 15 (13%) ovarian carcinoma cell lines (OVCAR5 epithelial carcinoma and SKOV3 clear cell carcinoma), FDG accumulation was lower than that in the control cell line with the lowest FDG accumulation (HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma) at one or more time points (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Most human ovarian carcinoma cell lines showed comparable FDG accumulations with control cell lines known to accumulate FDG. This study lays the foundations for further comparisons with other ovarian cancer cell lines and for other positron emission tomography tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Lutz
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5427, USA
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Krasikova R. Synthesis modules and automation in F-18 labeling. ERNST SCHERING RESEARCH FOUNDATION WORKSHOP 2006:289-316. [PMID: 17172160 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-49527-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fast implementation of PET into clinical studies and research has resulted in high demands in the automated modules for the preparation of PET radiopharmaceuticals in a safe and reproducible manner. 18F-labeled radiotracers are of considerable interest due to longer half-life of fluorine-18 allowing remote site application, as demonstrated by [18F]FDG. In this chapter, the state of the art of commercially available modules for [18F]FDG is reviewed with the emphasis on multibatch production of this important radiotracer. Examples are given on the syntheses of other clinically relevant 18F-labeled radiotracers by using existing [18F]FDG synthesizers or with the help of general-purpose [18F]nucleophilic fluorination modules. On-going research and progress in the automation of complex radio labeling procedures followed by development of flexible multipurpose automated apparatus are discussed. The contribution of radiochemists in facilitating automation via introduction of new 18F-labeling techniques and labeling synthons, on-line reactions and purifications etc. is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Krasikova
- Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Science, Petersburg.
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Review of F-FDG Synthesis and Quality Control. Biomed Imaging Interv J 2006; 2:e57. [PMID: 21614337 PMCID: PMC3097819 DOI: 10.2349/biij.2.4.e57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article covers a concise account on fludeoxyglucose (18F–FDG) synthesis and quality control procedures with emphasis on practical synthesis Currently, 18F–FDG is the most successful PET radiopharmaceutical so far. The advancement in synthesis and quality control of 18F–FDG, together with its approval by the US FDA and the availability of reimbursement, are probably the main reasons for the flourish of clinical PET over the last 20 years. 18F–FDG can be synthesised by either electrophilic fluorination or nucleophilic fluorination reaction. Nucleophilic fluorination using mannose triflate as precursor and Kryptofix or tetrabutylammonium salts (TBA) is widely used because of higher yield and shorter reaction time. The quality control requirements of 18F–FDG can be found in United States Pharmacopeia (USP), British Pharmacopeia (BP), European Pharmacopeia (EP) and the Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC) section from United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) PET draft guidance documents. Basic requirements include radionuclidic identity, radiochemical purity, chemical purity, pH, residual solvent, sterility, and bacterial endotoxin level. Some of these tests (sterility, endotoxins and radionuclidic purity) can be finished after the 18F–FDG has been released. Although USP, BP and EP do not require filter membrane integrity test, many laboratories perform this test as an indirect evident of the product sterility. It is also interesting to note that there are major differences in 18F–FDG quality requirements among USP, BP, and CMC.
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Defraiteur C, Lemaire C, Luxen A, Plenevaux A. Radiochemical synthesis and tissue distribution of p-[18F]DMPPF, a new 5-HT1A ligand for PET, in rats. Nucl Med Biol 2006; 33:667-75. [PMID: 16843842 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the potential of p-[(18)F]MPPF as a radiopharmaceutical to study the 5-HT(1A) receptor family in animals and humans. A structural modification leading to a higher radioactive signal at an equipotent dose would greatly enhance this potential. With this goal, the desmethylated 4-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-1-[2'-[N-(2''-pyridinyl)-p-fluorobenzamido]ethyl]-piperazine (p-MPPF), identified as p-DMPPF, was synthesized, labeled with fluorine-18 and evaluated through ex vivo tissue distribution in rats. The new compounds p-DMPPF, p-DMPPNO(2), MEM-p-MPPF and MEM-p-MPPNO(2) were isolated and fully identified ((1)H and (13)C NMR, LC-MS). The final compound, p-[(18)F]DMPPF, was obtained ready for injection, with an overall radiochemical yield of 10% (EOB corrected) within 90 min and a specific activity of 62 GBq/mumol. Tissue distributions showed that the carbon-fluorine bond was stable in vivo and that this compound could cross the blood-brain barrier. For kidney, lung, heart, spleen, bone, testicle, liver and muscle, the percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue obtained with p-[(18)F]DMPPF was of the same order of magnitude as that of p-[(18)F]MPPF. The amount of radioactivity reaching the brain was much higher (approximately fivefold at 60 min) for p-[(18)F]DMPPF compared with p-[(18)F]MPPF, which was taken as reference. The distribution and specificity were in total agreement with the known localization of 5-HT(1A) receptors in rats. The radioactivity increase was more important for specific tissues (hippocampus and frontal cortex) than for cerebellum or striatum, leading to better contrast (hippocampus/cerebellum=5.8 at 60 min). The levels of metabolites found in plasma showed that p-[(18)F]DMPPF appears to be less metabolized than p-[(18)F]MPPF. p-[(18)F]DMPPF deserves further evaluation as a radiopharmaceutical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Defraiteur
- Cyclotron Research Center, Liege University, Sart Tilman B.30, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
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Sun LQ, Mori T, Dence CS, Ponde DE, Welch MJ, Furukawa T, Yonekura Y, Fujibayashi Y. New approach to fully automated synthesis of sodium [18F]fluoroacetate — a simple and fast method using a commercial synthesizer. Nucl Med Biol 2006; 33:153-8. [PMID: 16459271 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2005.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Revised: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and fully automated preparation of sodium [(18)F]fluoroacetate has been developed by taking advantage of the similarities between the reaction pathways of [(18)F]fluoroacetate and [(18)F]-2-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG). The automated synthesis of sodium [(18)F]fluoroacetate was achieved with a commercial [(18)F]FDG synthesizer, the TRACERlab MX(FDG). The method produced the desired compound in a short synthesis time (32 min) and with a high and reproducible radiochemical yield (50.2 +/- 4.8%, decay corrected). The radiochemical purity of sodium [(18)F]fluoroacetate was greater than 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Quan Sun
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, Yoshida, Japan
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Wang HE, Wu SY, Chang CW, Liu RS, Hwang LC, Lee TW, Chen JC, Hwang JJ. Evaluation of F-18-labeled amino acid derivatives and [18F]FDG as PET probes in a brain tumor-bearing animal model. Nucl Med Biol 2005; 32:367-75. [PMID: 15878506 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2005.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2004] [Revised: 01/05/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED 2-Deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-d-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) has been extensively used as positron emission tomography (PET) tracer in clinical tumor imaging. This study compared the pharmacokinetics of two (18)F-labeled amino acid derivatives, O-2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl-l-tyrosine (l-[(18)F]FET) and 4-borono-2-[(18)F]fluoro-l-phenylalanine-fructose (l-[(18)F]FBPA-Fr), to that of [(18)F]FDG in an animal brain tumor model. METHODS A self-modified automated PET tracer synthesizer was used to produce no-carrier-added (nca) l-[(18)F]FET. The cellular uptake, biodistribution, autoradiography and microPET imaging of l-[(18)F]FET, l-[(18)F]FBPA-Fr and [(18)F]FDG were performed with F98 glioma cell culture and F98 glioma-bearing Fischer344 rats. RESULTS The radiochemical purity of l-[(18)F]FET was >98% and the radiochemical yield was 50% in average of 16 runs. The uptake of l-[(18)F]FET and l-[(18)F]FBPA-Fr in the F98 glioma cells increased rapidly for the first 5 min and reached a steady-state level after 10 min of incubation, whereas the cellular uptake of [(18)F]FDG kept increasing during the study period. The biodistribution of l-[(18)F]FET, l-[(18)F]FBPA-Fr and [(18)F]FDG in the brain tumors was 1.26+/-0.22, 0.86+/-0.08 and 2.77+/-0.44 %ID/g at 60 min postinjection, respectively, while the tumor-to-normal brain ratios of l-[(18)F]FET (3.15) and l-[(18)F]FBPA-Fr (3.44) were higher than that of [(18)F]FDG (1.44). Both microPET images and autoradiograms of l-[(18)F]FET and l-[(18)F]FBPA-Fr exhibited remarkable uptake with high contrast in the brain tumor, whereas [(18)F]FDG showed high uptake in the normal brain and gave blurred brain tumor images. CONCLUSION Both l-[(18)F]FET and l-[(18)F]FBPA-Fr are superior to [(18)F]FDG for the brain tumor imaging as shown in this study with microPET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ell Wang
- Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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Ishikawa Y, Iwata R, Furumoto S, Takai Y. Automated preparation of hypoxic cell marker [18F]FRP-170 by on-column hydrolysis. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 62:705-10. [PMID: 15763476 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2004] [Revised: 09/21/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An automated synthesis for the preparation of the novel hypoxic cell marker, [(18)F]FRP-170 3, [(18)F]1-[2-fluoro-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl-2- nitroimidazole, was developed using an on-column basic-hydrolysis step. The (18)F-labeled protected intermediate 2 was retained on a Sep-Pak Plus C18 cartridge and, in the same cartridge at room temperature, hydrolyzed by NaOH for deacetylation to give [(18)F]FRP-170. The elution method from the cartridge was optimized for direct injection of the crude product into an HPLC column. Thus, [(18)F]FRP-170 was prepared in 20-30% decay-corrected radiochemical yield within 60 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishikawa
- CYRIC Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Kim HW, Jeong JM, Lee YS, Chi DY, Chung KH, Lee DS, Chung JK, Lee MC. Rapid synthesis of [18F]FDG without an evaporation step using an ionic liquid. Appl Radiat Isot 2004; 61:1241-6. [PMID: 15388116 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2003] [Accepted: 02/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a new 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) synthesis without a distillation step. This involves fluorinating in an ionic liquid-containing medium. A test for the effective elution of [18F]fluoride from the anion exchange resin showed the proper selection of the base and the required eluant composition, which is an essential requirement for the automation of [18F]FDG synthesis. An 18F-labeling study by nucleophilic substitution showed that the major factors controlling the yield were the temperature and the reaction medium composition. The 18F-fluorination proceeded with a labeling efficiency of 74.6+/-7.4% (n=8) for optimized conditions. Alkaline hydrolysis and purification carried out in the liquid phase provided a final decay-corrected [18F]FDG yield of 59.1+/-5.1% (n=3), a radiochemical purity of 91.9+/-3.7% (n=3), and a reaction time of 13 min. Alkaline hydrolysis and purification carried out in the solid phase provided a final decay-corrected [18F]FDG yield of 48.8+/-6.0% (n=3), a radiochemical purity of 96.0+/-4% (n=3), and a reaction time of 19 min. The rapid and straightforward synthesis of [18F]FDG can be achieved by eliminating all evaporation steps, which is made possible by the use of ionic liquid-containing media for the fluorination step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Woo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yungun-dong Chongro-ku, Seoul 110-74, Republic of Korea
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Bénard F, Romsa J, Hustinx R. Imaging gliomas with positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography. Semin Nucl Med 2003; 33:148-62. [PMID: 12756647 DOI: 10.1053/snuc.2003.127304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades the large volume of research involving various brain tracers has shed invaluable light on the pathophysiology of cerebral neoplasms. Yet the question remains as to how best to incorporate this newly acquired insight into the clinical context. Thallium is the most studied radiotracer with the longest track record. Many, but not all studies, show a relationship between (201)Tl uptake and tumor grade. Due to the overlap between tumor uptake and histologic grades, (201)Tl cannot be used as the sole noninvasive diagnostic or prognostic tool in brain tumor patients. However, it may help differentiating a high-grade tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis. MIBI is theoretically a better imaging agent than (201)Tl but it has not convincingly been shown to differentiate tumors according to grade. MDR-1 gene expression as demonstrated by MIBI does not correlate with chemoresistance in high grade gliomas. Currently, MIBI's clinical role in brain tumor imaging has yet to be defined. IMT, a radio-labeled amino acid analog, may be useful for identifying postoperative tumor recurrence and, in this application, appears to be a cheaper, more widely available tool than positron emission tomography (PET). However, its ability to accurately identify tumor grade is limited. 18 F-2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) PET predicts tumor grade, and the metabolic activity of brain tumors has a prognostic significance. Whether FDG uptake has an independent prognostic value above that of histology remains debated. FDG-PET is effective in differentiating recurrent tumor from radiation necrosis for high-grade tumors, but has limited value in defining the extent of tumor involvement and recurrence of low-grade lesions. Amino-acid tracers, such as MET, perform better for this purpose and thus play a complementary role to FDG. Given the poor prognosis of patients with gliomas, particularly with high-grade lesions, the overall clinical utility of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and PET in characterizing recurrent lesions remains dependent on the availability of effective treatments. These tools are thus mostly suited to the evaluation of treatment response in experimental protocols designed to improve the patients' outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bénard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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