1
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Aoyama S, Okuda H, Furuzawa N, Yoneda H, Fujikane D, Takai K, Kuramitsu A, Muto Y, Sugiyama S, Shioiri T, Ohi K. Sex differences in brainstem structure volumes in patients with schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:16. [PMID: 36934103 PMCID: PMC10024760 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) display moderate reductions in brainstem volumes, including the midbrain, pons, superior cerebellar peduncle, and medulla oblongata. Here, we investigated alterations in brainstem volumes between SZ patients and healthy controls (HCs) stratified by sex. T1-weighted MRI brain scans were processed with FreeSurfer v6.0 in 156 SZ patients (61 males/95 females) and 205 HCs (133/72). Of the brainstem structures, pons volumes were significantly reduced, particularly in male SZ patients. The decreased pons volumes were correlated with lower levels of education but not duration of illness in male patients. These findings suggest that the reduction in pons volume in male patients might be occurred before or around the onset of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroto Okuda
- School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | | | - Daisuke Fujikane
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takai
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kuramitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukimasa Muto
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiki Shioiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
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2
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Nerland S, Stokkan TS, Jørgensen KN, Wortinger LA, Richard G, Beck D, van der Meer D, Westlye LT, Andreassen OA, Agartz I, Barth C. A comparison of intracranial volume estimation methods and their cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with age. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4620-4639. [PMID: 35708198 PMCID: PMC9491281 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial volume (ICV) is frequently used in volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, both as a covariate and as a variable of interest. Findings of associations between ICV and age have varied, potentially due to differences in ICV estimation methods. Here, we compared five commonly used ICV estimation methods and their associations with age. T1-weighted cross-sectional MRI data was included for 651 healthy individuals recruited through the NORMENT Centre (mean age = 46.1 years, range = 12.0-85.8 years) and 2410 healthy individuals recruited through the UK Biobank study (UKB, mean age = 63.2 years, range = 47.0-80.3 years), where longitudinal data was also available. ICV was estimated with FreeSurfer (eTIV and sbTIV), SPM12, CAT12, and FSL. We found overall high correlations across ICV estimation method, with the lowest observed correlations between FSL and eTIV (r = .87) and between FSL and CAT12 (r = .89). Widespread proportional bias was found, indicating that the agreement between methods varied as a function of head size. Body weight, age, sex, and mean ICV across methods explained the most variance in the differences between ICV estimation methods, indicating possible confounding for some estimation methods. We found both positive and negative cross-sectional associations with age, depending on dataset and ICV estimation method. Longitudinal ICV reductions were found for all ICV estimation methods, with annual percentage change ranging from -0.293% to -0.416%. This convergence of longitudinal results across ICV estimation methods offers strong evidence for age-related ICV reductions in mid- to late adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stener Nerland
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Therese S Stokkan
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil N Jørgensen
- NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | - Laura A Wortinger
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geneviève Richard
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dani Beck
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Barth
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Miletić S, Bazin PL, Isherwood SJS, Keuken MC, Alkemade A, Forstmann BU. Charting human subcortical maturation across the adult lifespan with in vivo 7 T MRI. Neuroimage 2022; 249:118872. [PMID: 34999202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human subcortex comprises hundreds of unique structures. Subcortical functioning is crucial for behavior, and disrupted function is observed in common neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their importance, human subcortical structures continue to be difficult to study in vivo. Here we provide a detailed account of 17 prominent subcortical structures and ventricles, describing their approximate iron and myelin contents, morphometry, and their age-related changes across the normal adult lifespan. The results provide compelling insights into the heterogeneity and intricate age-related alterations of these structures. They also show that the locations of many structures shift across the lifespan, which is of direct relevance for the use of standard magnetic resonance imaging atlases. The results further our understanding of subcortical morphometry and neuroimaging properties, and of normal aging processes which ultimately can improve our understanding of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Miletić
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience research unit (IMCN), Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, Amsterdam 1001 NK, the Netherlands.
| | - Pierre-Louis Bazin
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience research unit (IMCN), Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, Amsterdam 1001 NK, the Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Departments of Neurophysics and Neurology, Stephanstraße 1A, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Scott J S Isherwood
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience research unit (IMCN), Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, Amsterdam 1001 NK, the Netherlands
| | - Max C Keuken
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience research unit (IMCN), Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, Amsterdam 1001 NK, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke Alkemade
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience research unit (IMCN), Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, Amsterdam 1001 NK, the Netherlands
| | - Birte U Forstmann
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience research unit (IMCN), Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, Amsterdam 1001 NK, the Netherlands.
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4
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Dump the "dimorphism": Comprehensive synthesis of human brain studies reveals few male-female differences beyond size. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:667-697. [PMID: 33621637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the explosion of neuroimaging, differences between male and female brains have been exhaustively analyzed. Here we synthesize three decades of human MRI and postmortem data, emphasizing meta-analyses and other large studies, which collectively reveal few reliable sex/gender differences and a history of unreplicated claims. Males' brains are larger than females' from birth, stabilizing around 11 % in adults. This size difference accounts for other reproducible findings: higher white/gray matter ratio, intra- versus interhemispheric connectivity, and regional cortical and subcortical volumes in males. But when structural and lateralization differences are present independent of size, sex/gender explains only about 1% of total variance. Connectome differences and multivariate sex/gender prediction are largely based on brain size, and perform poorly across diverse populations. Task-based fMRI has especially failed to find reproducible activation differences between men and women in verbal, spatial or emotion processing due to high rates of false discovery. Overall, male/female brain differences appear trivial and population-specific. The human brain is not "sexually dimorphic."
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5
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Zong X, Lian C, Jimenez J, Yamashita K, Shen D, Lin W. Morphology of perivascular spaces and enclosed blood vessels in young to middle-aged healthy adults at 7T: Dependences on age, brain region, and breathing gas. Neuroimage 2020; 218:116978. [PMID: 32447015 PMCID: PMC7485170 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular spaces (PVSs) are fluid-filled spaces surrounding penetrating blood vessels in the brain and are an integral pathway of the glymphatic system. A PVS and the enclosed blood vessel are commonly visualized as a single vessel-like complex (denoted as PVSV) in high-resolution MRI images. Quantitative characterization of the PVSV morphology in MRI images in healthy subjects may serve as a reference for detecting disease related PVS and/or blood vessel alterations in patients with brain diseases. To this end, we evaluated the age dependences, spatial heterogeneities, and dynamic properties of PVSV morphological features in 45 healthy subjects (21–55 years old), using an ultra-high-resolution three-dimensional transverse relaxation time weighted MRI sequence (0.41 × 0.41 × 0.4 mm3) at 7T. Quantitative PVSV parameters, including apparent diameter, count, volume fraction (VF), and relative contrast to noise ratio (rCNR) were calculated in the white matter and subcortical structures. Dynamic changes were induced by carbogen breathing which are known to induce vasodilation and increase the blood oxygenation level in the brain. PVSV count and VF significantly increased with age in basal ganglia (BG), so did rCNR in BG, midbrain, and white matter (WM). Apparent PVSV diameter also showed a positive association with age in the three brain regions, although it did not reach statistical significance. The PVSV VF and count showed large inter-subject variations, with coefficients of variation ranging from 0.17 to 0.74 after regressing out age and gender effects. Both apparent diameter and VF exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity, which cannot be explained solely by radio-frequency field inhomogeneities. Carbogen breathing significantly increased VF in BG and WM, and rCNR in thalamus, BG, and WM compared to air breathing. Our results are consistent with gradual dilation of PVSs with age in healthy adults. The PVSV morphology exhibited spatial heterogeneity and large inter-subject variations and changed during carbogen breathing compared to air breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zong
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Chunfeng Lian
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jordan Jimenez
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Koji Yamashita
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dinggang Shen
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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6
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Luders E, Kurth F. Structural differences between male and female brains. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 175:3-11. [PMID: 33008534 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64123-6.00001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revealed a number of sex differences in the anatomy of the human brain. The first part of this chapter presents an excerpt of these findings discriminating among effects on a global, regional, and local level. While findings are far from consistent and conclusive, there is general consensus with respect to sex-specific brain size, with male brains being bigger on average than female brains. So, the question arises as to whether any of the observed sex differences are merely driven by brain size. The second part of this chapter thus sheds light on a unique scientific attempt to discriminate between brain size effects and sex effects. The overarching goal of this chapter is to exemplify the variety of findings and to demonstrate that the presence, magnitude, and direction of significant sex differences strongly depend on the measurement applied. The assumption that sex differences are simply a by-product of brain size, rather than pure (size independent) sex effects has proven to be true for some but certainly not all findings. Therefore, when examining the possible sexual dimorphism of the brain, it is imperative to avoid oversimplification and generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Luders
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Florian Kurth
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Tullo S, Patel R, Devenyi GA, Salaciak A, Bedford SA, Farzin S, Wlodarski N, Tardif CL, Breitner JCS, Chakravarty MM. MR-based age-related effects on the striatum, globus pallidus, and thalamus in healthy individuals across the adult lifespan. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:5269-5288. [PMID: 31452289 PMCID: PMC6864890 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While numerous studies have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to elucidate normative age‐related trajectories in subcortical structures across the human lifespan, there exists substantial heterogeneity among different studies. Here, we investigated the normative relationships between age and morphology (i.e., volume and shape), and microstructure (using the T1‐weighted/T2‐weighted [T1w/T2w] signal ratio as a putative index of myelin and microstructure) of the striatum, globus pallidus, and thalamus across the adult lifespan using a dataset carefully quality controlled, yielding a final sample of 178 for the morphological analyses, and 162 for the T1w/T2w analyses from an initial dataset of 253 healthy subjects, aged 18–83. In accordance with previous cross‐sectional studies of adults, we observed age‐related volume decrease that followed a quadratic relationship between age and bilateral striatal and thalamic volumes, and a linear relationship in the globus pallidus. Our shape indices consistently demonstrated age‐related posterior and medial areal contraction bilaterally across all three structures. Beyond morphology, we observed a quadratic inverted U‐shaped relationship between T1w/T2w signal ratio and age, with a peak value occurring in middle age (at around 50 years old). After permutation testing, the Akaike information criterion determined age relationships remained significant for the bilateral globus pallidus and thalamus, for both the volumetric and T1w/T2w analyses. Our findings serve to strengthen and expand upon previous volumetric analyses by providing a normative baseline of morphology and microstructure of these structures to which future studies investigating patients with various disorders can be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tullo
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raihaan Patel
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriel A Devenyi
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alyssa Salaciak
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Saashi A Bedford
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Farzin
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nancy Wlodarski
- Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christine L Tardif
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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- Centre for the Studies on the Prevention of AD, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - John C S Breitner
- Centre for the Studies on the Prevention of AD, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Computational Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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8
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES With an increasing aging population, it is important to understand biological markers of aging. Subcortical volume is known to differ with age; additionally considering shape-related characteristics may provide a better index of age-related differences. Fractal dimensionality is more sensitive to age-related differences, but is borne out of mathematical principles, rather than neurobiological relevance. We considered four distinct measures of shape and how they relate to aging and fractal dimensionality: surface-to-volume ratio, sphericity, long-axis curvature, and surface texture. METHODS Structural MRIs from a combined sample of over 600 healthy adults were used to measure age-related differences in the structure of the thalamus, putamen, caudate, and hippocampus. For each, volume and fractal dimensionality were calculated, as well as four distinct shape measures. These measures were examined for their utility in explaining age-related variability in brain structure. RESULTS The four shape measures were able to account for 80%-90% of the variance in fractal dimensionality. Of the distinct shape measures, surface-to-volume ratio was the most sensitive biomarker. CONCLUSION Though volume is often used to characterize inter-individual differences in subcortical structures, our results demonstrate that additional measures can be useful complements. Our results indicate that shape characteristics are useful biological markers of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Madan
- a School of Psychology , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK.,b Department of Psychology , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , MA , USA
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9
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Manzouri A, Savic I. Possible Neurobiological Underpinnings of Homosexuality and Gender Dysphoria. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:2084-2101. [PMID: 30084980 PMCID: PMC6677918 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although frequently discussed in terms of sex dimorphism, the neurobiology of sexual orientation and identity is unknown. We report multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data, including cortical thickness (Cth), subcortical volumes, and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, from 27 transgender women (TrW), 40 transgender men (TrM), and 80 heterosexual (40 men) and 60 homosexual cisgender controls (30 men). These data show that whereas homosexuality is linked to cerebral sex dimorphism, gender dysphoria primarily involves cerebral networks mediating self-body perception. Among the homosexual cisgender controls, weaker sex dimorphism was found in white matter connections and a partly reversed sex dimorphism in Cth. Similar patterns were detected in transgender persons compared with heterosexual cisgender controls, but the significant clusters disappeared when adding homosexual controls, and correcting for sexual orientation. Instead, both TrW and TrM displayed singular features, showing greater Cth as well as weaker structural and functional connections in the anterior cingulate-precuneus and right occipito-parietal cortex, regions known to process own body perception in the context of self.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manzouri
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Savic
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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10
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Kurth F, Cherbuin N, Luders E. Age but no sex effects on subareas of the amygdala. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1697-1704. [PMID: 30549129 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The amygdala, an anatomical composite of several nuclei that have been grouped anatomically and functionally into three major subareas, has been reported to decrease in size with increasing age and to differ in size between male and female brains. However, findings are rather inconsistent across existing studies, possibly reflecting differences in the cohorts examined or the approaches chosen to define and measure the dimensions of the amygdala. Here, we investigated possible effects of age and sex on the amygdala as well as age-by-sex interactions in 100 healthy subjects (50 men/50 women) aged 18-69 years. For this purpose, we enhanced conventional imaging-based information with microscopically defined cytoarchitectonic probabilities to discriminate between different subareas. We observed significant negative correlations between age and all subareas of the amygdala indicating decreases over time, but with subarea-specific trajectories. In addition, we detected a significant quadratic association with age for the left superficial subarea suggesting an accelerating volume loss over time. Such regional information may serve as a frame of reference in future studies, not only for normative samples but also potentially for clinical populations known to present with an atypical atrophy of the amygdala. There were no sex differences and no interactions between sex and age, suggesting that the size of the amygdala is similar in male and female brains (at least when properly accounting for total intracranial volume) and that its age-related decline follows a similar trajectory in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kurth
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Eileen Luders
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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11
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Mohammadi MR, Khaleghi A. Transsexualism: A Different Viewpoint to Brain Changes. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 16:136-143. [PMID: 29739126 PMCID: PMC5953012 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2018.16.2.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Transsexualism refers to a condition or belief which results in gender dysphoria in individuals and makes them insist that their biological gender is different from their psychological and experienced gender. Although the etiology of gender dysphoria (or transsexualism) is still unknown, different neuroimaging studies show that structural and functional changes of the brain result from this sexual incongruence. The question here is whether these reported changes form part of the etiology of transsexualism or themselves result from transsexualism culture, behaviors and lifestyle. Responding to this question can be more precise by consideration of cultural neuroscience concepts, particularly the culture–behavior–brain (CBB) loop model and the interactions between behavior, culture and brain. In this article, we first review the studies on the brain of transgender people and then we will discuss the validity of this claim based on the CBB loop model. In summary, transgender individuals experience change in lifestyle, context of beliefs and concepts and, as a result, their culture and behaviors. Given the close relationship and interaction between culture, behavior and brain, the individual’s brain adapts itself to the new condition (culture) and concepts and starts to alter its function and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khaleghi
- Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Zheng F, Liu Y, Yuan Z, Gao X, He Y, Liu X, Cui D, Qi R, Chen T, Qiu J. Age-related changes in cortical and subcortical structures of healthy adult brains: A surface-based morphometry study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:152-163. [PMID: 29676856 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral structures in both cortical and subcortical regions change with aging. More specific and comprehensive studies are needed to better elucidate these changes. PURPOSE To investigate the relationships between age and cerebral structures regarding cortical and subcortical changes. STUDY TYPE Cross-cohort research. POPULATION 54 healthy adults (28 females) aged 21-71 years. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE T1 -weighted imaging was performed at 1.5T. ASSESSMENT The cortical thickness, local gyrification index (LGI), and the volumes of total gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), white matter hyperintensity (WMH), deep gray matter nuclei (putamen, pallidum, thalamus, caudate, amygdala, accumbens area, and hippocampus), ventricles, and hippocampal subfields were obtained using FreeSurfer software. STATISTICAL TESTS Regression analysis was performed to determine the relationships between age and cortical thickness, LGI, and volumes of subcortical structures. Uncorrected P values ≤ 0.001 and R2 > 0.16 were considered significant. RESULTS The cortical thickness and LGI decreased with age throughout almost all brain regions (R2 > 0.16; P ≤ 0.001). Except for the volumes of the WM and 4th ventricle (R2 < 0.16; P > 0.001), the volumes of the GM, WMH, lateral ventricle, inferior lateral ventricle, and 3rd ventricle showed a nonlinear correlation with aging (R2 > 0.16; P ≤ 0.001). For deep gray matter nuclei, the thalamus volume was significantly decreased with aging (R2 = 0.256; P = 0.001). Additionally, the hippocampus volume was initially increased and then decreased at age of 50, mainly in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (GC-DG), cornus ammonis 2/3 (CA2/3), CA4, and fissure (R2 > 0.16; P ≤ 0.001). The volumes of the putamen, pallidum, accumbens area, amygdala and caudate showed no significance with aging (R2 < 0.16; P > 0.001). DATA CONCLUSION The results comprehensively show the relationships between age and cerebral structures in multiple brain regions, and these findings may help identify normal aging and other age-related neuroradiological disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:152-163.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglian Zheng
- Radiology of Department, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China.,Center for Medical Engineer Technology Research, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Radiology of Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Yuan
- Radiology of Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Radiology of Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoyao He
- Radiology of Department, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China.,Center for Medical Engineer Technology Research, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Radiology of Department, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China.,Center for Medical Engineer Technology Research, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Dong Cui
- Radiology of Department, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Rui Qi
- Radiology of Department, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China.,Center for Medical Engineer Technology Research, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Tiao Chen
- Radiology of Department, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China.,Center for Medical Engineer Technology Research, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China.,Radiology of Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Radiology of Department, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China.,Center for Medical Engineer Technology Research, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
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13
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Persson K, Bohbot VD, Bogdanovic N, Selbæk G, Brækhus A, Engedal K. Finding of increased caudate nucleus in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 137:224-232. [PMID: 28741672 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A recently published study using an automated MRI volumetry method (NeuroQuant®) unexpectedly demonstrated larger caudate nucleus volume in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD) compared to patients with subjective and mild cognitive impairment (SCI and MCI). The aim of this study was to explore this finding. MATERIALS & METHODS The caudate nucleus and the hippocampus volumes were measured (both expressed as ratios of intracranial volume) in a total of 257 patients with SCI and MCI according to the Winblad criteria and AD according to ICD-10 criteria. Demographic data, cognitive measures, and APOE-ɛ4 status were collected. RESULTS Compared with non-dementia patients (SCI and MCI), AD patients were older, more of them were female, and they had a larger caudate nucleus volume and smaller hippocampus volume (P<.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, age and female sex were associated with larger caudate nucleus volume, but neither diagnosis nor memory function was. Age, gender, and memory function were associated with hippocampus volume, and age and memory function were associated with caudate nucleus/hippocampus ratio. CONCLUSIONS A larger caudate nucleus volume in AD patients was partly explained by older age and being female. These results are further discussed in the context of (1) the caudate nucleus possibly serving as a mechanism for temporary compensation; (2) methodological properties of automated volumetry of this brain region; and (3) neuropathological alterations. Further studies are needed to fully understand the role of the caudate nucleus in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Persson
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health Vestfold Hospital Trust Tønsberg Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine The Memory Clinic Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - V. D. Bohbot
- Douglas Institute and Department of Psychiatry McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | - N. Bogdanovic
- Department of Geriatric Medicine The Memory Clinic Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - G. Selbæk
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health Vestfold Hospital Trust Tønsberg Norway
- Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research Innlandet Hospital Trust Ottestad Norway
- Institute of Health and Society University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - A. Brækhus
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health Vestfold Hospital Trust Tønsberg Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine The Memory Clinic Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Department of Neurology Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal Oslo Norway
| | - K. Engedal
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health Vestfold Hospital Trust Tønsberg Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine The Memory Clinic Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
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14
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Corrêa DG, Zimmermann N, Ventura N, Tukamoto G, Doring T, Leite SC, Fonseca RP, Bahia PR, Lopes FC, Gasparetto EL. Longitudinal evaluation of resting-state connectivity, white matter integrity and cortical thickness in stable HIV infection: Preliminary results. Neuroradiol J 2017; 30:535-545. [PMID: 29068256 DOI: 10.1177/1971400917739273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objectives of this study were to determine if HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), without dementia, suffer from longitudinal gray matter (GM) volume loss, changes in white matter (WM) integrity and deterioration in functional connectivity at rest, in an average interval of 30 months. Methods Clinically stable HIV-positive patients (on HAART, CD4 + T lymphocyte > 200 cells/μl, and viral loads <50 copies/μl) were recruited. None of them had HIV-associated dementia. Each patient underwent two scans, performed in a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. FreeSurfer was used to perform cortical volumetric reconstruction and segmentation of GM structures. WM integrity was assessed using tract-based spatial statistics to post-process diffusion tensor imaging data, and FMRIB's Software Library tools were used to post-process resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI). Results There were no significant differences in cortical thickness, deep GM volumes, or diffusivity parameters between the scans at the two time points. Five resting-state networks were identified in our patients. In the second MRI, HIV-positive patients presented increased areas of functional connectivity in visual pathways, frontoparietal and cerebellar networks, compared with the first MRI (considering p < 0.05). Conclusions RS-fMRI revealed potentially compensatory longitudinal alterations in the brains of HIV-positive patients, attempting to compensate for brain damage related to the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo G Corrêa
- 1 Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, 28125 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
- 2 499470 Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI) , Brazil
| | - Nicolle Zimmermann
- 1 Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, 28125 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
- 3 Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nina Ventura
- 2 499470 Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI) , Brazil
- 4 Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil
| | | | - Thomas Doring
- 2 499470 Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI) , Brazil
| | - Sarah Cb Leite
- 1 Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, 28125 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Rochele P Fonseca
- 1 Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, 28125 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
- 3 Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rv Bahia
- 1 Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, 28125 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cr Lopes
- 2 499470 Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI) , Brazil
- 4 Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil
| | - Emerson L Gasparetto
- 1 Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, 28125 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
- 2 499470 Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI) , Brazil
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15
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Comparison of accuracy between FSL's FIRST and Freesurfer for caudate nucleus and putamen segmentation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2418. [PMID: 28546533 PMCID: PMC5445091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several methods have been developed to automatically delineate subcortical gray matter structures from MR images, the accuracy of these algorithms has not been comprehensively examined. Most of earlier studies focused primarily on the hippocampus. Here, we assessed the accuracy of two widely used non-commercial programs (FSL-FIRST and Freesurfer) for segmenting the caudate and putamen. T1-weighted 1 mm3 isotropic resolution MR images were acquired for thirty healthy subjects (15 females). Caudate nucleus and putamen were segmented manually by two independent observers and automatically by FIRST and Freesurfer (v4.5 and v5.3). Utilizing manual labels as reference standard the following measures were studied: Dice coefficient (D), percentage volume difference (PVD), absolute volume difference as well as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for consistency and absolute agreement. For putamen segmentation, FIRST achieved higher D, lower PVD and higher ICC for absolute agreement with manual tracing than either version of Freesurfer. Freesurfer overestimated the putamen, while FIRST was not statistically different from manual tracing. The ICC for consistency with manual tracing was similar between the two methods. For caudate segmentation, FIRST and Freesurfer performed more similarly. In conclusion, Freesurfer and FIRST are not equivalent when comparing to manual tracing. FIRST was superior for putaminal segmentation.
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16
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Aging of cerebral white matter. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 34:64-76. [PMID: 27865980 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
White matter (WM) occupies a large volume of the human cerebrum and is mainly composed of myelinated axons and myelin-producing glial cells. The myelinated axons within WM are the structural foundation for efficient neurotransmission between cortical and subcortical areas. Similar to neuron-enriched gray matter areas, WM undergoes a series of changes during the process of aging. WM malfunction can induce serious neurobehavioral and cognitive impairments. Thus, age-related changes in WM may contribute to the functional decline observed in the elderly. In addition, aged WM becomes more susceptible to neurological disorders, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarize the structural and functional alterations of WM in natural aging and speculate on the underlying mechanisms. We also discuss how age-related WM changes influence the progression of various brain disorders, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, TBI, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Although the physiology of WM is still poorly understood relative to gray matter, WM is a rational therapeutic target for a number of neurological and psychiatric conditions.
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17
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Marwha D, Halari M, Eliot L. Meta-analysis reveals a lack of sexual dimorphism in human amygdala volume. Neuroimage 2016; 147:282-294. [PMID: 27956206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala plays a key role in many affective behaviors and psychiatric disorders that differ between men and women. To test whether human amygdala volume (AV) differs reliably between the sexes, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of AVs reported in MRI studies of age-matched healthy male and female groups. Using four search strategies, we identified 46 total studies (58 matched samples) from which we extracted effect sizes for the sex difference in AV. All data were converted to Hedges g values and pooled effect sizes were calculated using a random-effects model. Each dataset was further meta-regressed against study year and average participant age. We found that uncorrected amygdala volume is about 10% larger in males, with pooled sex difference effect sizes of g=0.581 for right amygdala (κ=28, n=2022), 0.666 for left amygdala (κ=28, n=2006), and 0.876 for bilateral amygdala (κ=16, n=1585) volumes (all p values < 0.001). However, this difference is comparable to the sex differences in intracranial volume (ICV; g=1.186, p<.001, 11.9% larger in males, κ=11) and total brain volume (TBV; g=1.278, p<0.001, 11.5% larger in males, κ=15) reported in subsets of the same studies, suggesting the sex difference in AV is a product of larger brain size in males. Among studies reporting AVs normalized for ICV or TBV, sex difference effect sizes were small and not statistically significant: g=0.171 for the right amygdala (p=0.206, κ=13, n=1560); 0.233 for the left amygdala (p=0.092, κ=12, n=1512); and 0.257 for bilateral volume (p=0.131, κ=5, n=1629). These values correspond to less than 0.1% larger corrected right AV and 2.5% larger corrected left AV in males compared to females. In summary, AV is not selectively enhanced in human males, as often claimed. Although we cannot rule out subtle male-female group differences, it is not accurate to refer to the human amygdala as "sexually dimorphic."
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Marwha
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, United States
| | - Meha Halari
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, United States
| | - Lise Eliot
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, United States.
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18
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Chalavi S, Adab HZ, Pauwels L, Beets IAM, van Ruitenbeek P, Boisgontier MP, Monteiro TS, Maes C, Sunaert S, Swinnen SP. Anatomy of Subcortical Structures Predicts Age-Related Differences in Skill Acquisition. Cereb Cortex 2016; 28:459-473. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Chalavi
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hamed Zivari Adab
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Pauwels
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iseult A M Beets
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- BrainCTR, Lilid bvba, 3290 Diest, Belgium
| | - Peter van Ruitenbeek
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thiago Santos Monteiro
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Celine Maes
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Translational MRI Unit, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan P Swinnen
- Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Center, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Age-related differences in the structural complexity of subcortical and ventricular structures. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 50:87-95. [PMID: 27939959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established that the volume of several subcortical structures decreases in relation to age. Different metrics of cortical structure (e.g., volume, thickness, surface area, and gyrification) have been shown to index distinct characteristics of interindividual differences; thus, it is important to consider the relation of age to multiple structural measures. Here, we compare age-related differences in subcortical and ventricular volume to those differences revealed with a measure of structural complexity, quantified as fractal dimensionality. Across 3 large data sets, totaling nearly 900 individuals across the adult lifespan (aged 18-94 years), we found greater age-related differences in complexity than volume for the subcortical structures, particularly in the caudate and thalamus. The structural complexity of ventricular structures was not more strongly related to age than volume. These results demonstrate that considering shape-related characteristics improves sensitivity to detect age-related differences in subcortical structures.
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20
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Evans GW, Swain JE, King AP, Wang X, Javanbakht A, Ho SS, Angstadt M, Phan KL, Xie H, Liberzon I. Childhood Cumulative Risk Exposure and Adult Amygdala Volume and Function. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:535-43. [PMID: 26469872 PMCID: PMC4833698 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Considerable work indicates that early cumulative risk exposure is aversive to human development, but very little research has examined the neurological underpinnings of these robust findings. This study investigates amygdala volume and reactivity to facial stimuli among adults (mean 23.7 years of age, n = 54) as a function of cumulative risk exposure during childhood (9 and 13 years of age). In addition, we test to determine whether expected cumulative risk elevations in amygdala volume would mediate functional reactivity of the amygdala during socioemotional processing. Risks included substandard housing quality, noise, crowding, family turmoil, child separation from family, and violence. Total and left hemisphere adult amygdala volumes were positively related to cumulative risk exposure during childhood. The links between childhood cumulative risk exposure and elevated amygdala responses to emotionally neutral facial stimuli in adulthood were mediated by the corresponding amygdala volumes. Cumulative risk exposure in later adolescence (17 years of age), however, was unrelated to subsequent adult amygdala volume or function. Physical and socioemotional risk exposures early in life appear to alter amygdala development, rendering adults more reactive to ambiguous stimuli such as neutral faces. These stress-related differences in childhood amygdala development might contribute to the well-documented psychological distress as a function of early risk exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary W Evans
- Departments of Design and Environmental Analysis and of Human Development, Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - James E Swain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anthony P King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arash Javanbakht
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - S Shaun Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael Angstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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21
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Corrêa DG, Zimmermann N, Tukamoto G, Doring T, Ventura N, Leite SCB, Cabral RF, Fonseca RP, Bahia PRV, Gasparetto EL. Longitudinal assessment of subcortical gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and white matter integrity in HIV-positive patients. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 44:1262-1269. [PMID: 27079832 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To longitudinally evaluate the cortical thickness and deep gray matter structures volume, measured from T1 three-dimensional (3D) Gradient echo-weighted imaging, and white matter integrity, assessed from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of HIV-positive patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one HIV-positive patients on stable highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with CD4+ T lymphocytes count >200 cells/mL and viral load <50 copies/mL underwent two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with a median interval of 26.6 months. None of the patients had HIV-related dementia. T1 3D magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo-weighted imaging and DTI along 30 noncolinear directions were performed using a 1.5 Tesla MR scanner. FreeSurfer was used to perform cortical volumetric reconstruction and segmentation of deep gray matter structures. For tract-based spatial statistics analysis, a white matter skeleton was created, and a permutation-based inference with 5000 permutations, with a threshold of P < 0.05 was used to identify abnormalities in fractional anisotropy (FA). The median, radial, and axial diffusivities were also projected onto the mean FA skeleton. RESULTS There were no significant differences in cortical thickness, deep gray matter structures volumes or diffusivity parameters between scans at the two time points (considering P < 0.05). CONCLUSION No longitudinal differences in cortical thickness, deep gray matter volumes, or white matter integrity were observed in an HIV-positive population on stable HAART, with undetectable viral load and high CD4+ T lymphocytes count. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1262-1269.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Goulart Corrêa
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Nicolle Zimmermann
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tukamoto
- Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thomas Doring
- Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nina Ventura
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sarah C B Leite
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ferracini Cabral
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rochele Paz Fonseca
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo R V Bahia
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Emerson Leandro Gasparetto
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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22
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Bootsman F, Kemner SM, Hillegers MHJ, Brouwer RM, Vonk R, van der Schot AC, Hulshoff Pol HE, Nolen WA, Kahn RS, van Haren NEM. The association between hippocampal volume and life events in healthy twins. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1088-95. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bootsman
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Sanne M. Kemner
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Manon H. J. Hillegers
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Vonk
- Reinier Van Arkel's; Hertogenbosch The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Willem A. Nolen
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - René S. Kahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
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23
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Hirsiger S, Koppelmans V, Mérillat S, Liem F, Erdeniz B, Seidler RD, Jäncke L. Structural and functional connectivity in healthy aging: Associations for cognition and motor behavior. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 37:855-67. [PMID: 26663386 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related behavioral declines may be the result of deterioration of white matter tracts, affecting brain structural (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) during resting state. To date, it is not clear if the combination of SC and FC data could better predict cognitive/motor performance than each measure separately. We probed these relationships in the cingulum bundle, a major white matter pathway of the default mode network. We aimed to attain deeper knowledge about: (a) the relationship between age and the cingulum's SC and FC strength, (b) the association between SC and FC, and particularly (c) how the cingulum's SC and FC are related to cognitive/motor performance separately and combined. We examined these associations in a healthy and well-educated sample of 165 older participants (aged 64-85). SC and FC were acquired using probabilistic tractography to derive measures to capture white matter integrity within the cingulum bundle (fractional anisotropy, mean, axial and radial diffusivity) and a seed-based resting-state functional MRI correlation approach, respectively. Participants performed cognitive tests measuring processing speed, memory and executive functions, and motor tests measuring motor speed and grip force. Our data revealed that only SC but not resting state FC was significantly associated with age. Further, the cingulum's SC and FC showed no relation. Different relationships between cognitive/motor performance and SC/FC separately were found, but no additive effect of the combined analysis of cingulum's SC and FC for predicting cognitive/motor performance was apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hirsiger
- International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Susan Mérillat
- International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziskus Liem
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Neuropsychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burak Erdeniz
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rachael D Seidler
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Neuropsychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Special Education, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Joliot M, Jobard G, Naveau M, Delcroix N, Petit L, Zago L, Crivello F, Mellet E, Mazoyer B, Tzourio-Mazoyer N. AICHA: An atlas of intrinsic connectivity of homotopic areas. J Neurosci Methods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pintzka CWS, Hansen TI, Evensmoen HR, Håberg AK. Marked effects of intracranial volume correction methods on sex differences in neuroanatomical structures: a HUNT MRI study. Front Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26217172 PMCID: PMC4496575 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no consensus whether sexual dimorphism in the size of neuroanatomical structures exists, or if such differences are caused by choice of intracranial volume (ICV) correction method. When investigating volume differences in neuroanatomical structures, corrections for variation in ICV are used. Commonly applied methods are the ICV-proportions, ICV-residuals and ICV as a covariate of no interest, ANCOVA. However, these different methods give contradictory results with regard to presence of sex differences. Our aims were to investigate presence of sexual dimorphism in 18 neuroanatomical volumes unrelated to ICV-differences by using a large ICV-matched subsample of 304 men and women from the HUNT-MRI general population study, and further to demonstrate in the entire sample of 966 healthy subjects, which of the ICV-correction methods gave results similar to the ICV-matched subsample. In addition, sex-specific subsamples were created to investigate whether differences were an effect of head size or sex. Most sex differences were related to volume scaling with ICV, independent of sex. Sex differences were detected in a few structures; amygdala, cerebellar cortex, and 3rd ventricle were larger in men, but the effect sizes were small. The residuals and ANCOVA methods were most effective at removing the effects of ICV. The proportions method suffered from systematic errors due to lack of proportionality between ICV and neuroanatomical volumes, leading to systematic mis-assignment of structures as either larger or smaller than their actual size. Adding additional sexual dimorphic covariates to the ANCOVA gave opposite results of those obtained in the ICV-matched subsample or with the residuals method. The findings in the current study explain some of the considerable variation in the literature on sexual dimorphisms in neuroanatomical volumes. In conclusion, sex plays a minor role for neuroanatomical volume differences; most differences are related to ICV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl W S Pintzka
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway ; Department of Medical Imaging, St. Olav's University Hospital Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tor I Hansen
- Department of Medical Imaging, St. Olav's University Hospital Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hallvard R Evensmoen
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway ; Department of Medical Imaging, St. Olav's University Hospital Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asta K Håberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway ; Department of Medical Imaging, St. Olav's University Hospital Trondheim, Norway
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Serbruyns L, Leunissen I, Huysmans T, Cuypers K, Meesen RL, van Ruitenbeek P, Sijbers J, Swinnen SP. Subcortical volumetric changes across the adult lifespan: subregional thalamic atrophy accounts for age-related sensorimotor performance declines. Cortex 2015; 65:128-38. [PMID: 25682047 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Even though declines in sensorimotor performance during healthy aging have been documented extensively, its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we explored whether age-related subcortical atrophy plays a role in sensorimotor performance declines, and particularly during bimanual manipulative performance (Purdue Pegboard Test). The thalamus, putamen, caudate and pallidum of 91 participants across the adult lifespan (ages 20-79 years) were automatically segmented. In addition to studying age-related changes in the global volume of each subcortical structure, local deformations within these structures, indicative of subregional volume changes, were assessed by means of recently developed shape analyses. Results showed widespread age-related global and subregional atrophy, as well as some notable subregional expansion. Even though global atrophy failed to explain the observed performance declines with aging, shape analyses indicated that atrophy in left and right thalamic subregions, specifically subserving connectivity with the premotor, primary motor and somatosensory cortical areas, mediated the relation between aging and performance decline. It is concluded that subregional volume assessment by means of shape analyses offers a sensitive tool with high anatomical resolution in the search for specific age-related associations between brain structure and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Serbruyns
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Leunissen
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Toon Huysmans
- Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Cuypers
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Belgium; REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Raf L Meesen
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Belgium; REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Peter van Ruitenbeek
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Sijbers
- Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stephan P Swinnen
- Motor Control Laboratory, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, Belgium.
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Association of a neurokinin 3 receptor polymorphism with the anterior basal forebrain. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2060-7. [PMID: 25976010 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide neurokinin 3 (NK3) and its receptor modulate cholinergic activity of the basal forebrain (BF) and are implicated in learning and memory. In Alzheimer's disease, the rs2765 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the NK3 receptor-coding gene TACR3 was correlated with the right hippocampus volume. Here, we studied the association of the rs2765 SNP with magnetic resonance imaging-based volumes of the BF and hippocampus in a population-based sample of 1967 participants between 21 and 90 years of age. The rs2765 SNP was significantly associated with the most anterior BF volume corresponding to the medial septum/diagonal band, and with a significantly steeper age-related volume decline. The rs2765 SNP was not associated with other BF subvolumes or hippocampus volumes. Apolipoprotein E ε4 showed no correlation with any brain volume or global cognition. Our findings in a large population-based sample suggest an association of an NK3 receptor SNP with age-related decline of rostral cholinergic BF volume.
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28
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Hahn A, Kranz GS, Küblböck M, Kaufmann U, Ganger S, Hummer A, Seiger R, Spies M, Winkler D, Kasper S, Windischberger C, Swaab DF, Lanzenberger R. Structural Connectivity Networks of Transgender People. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:3527-34. [PMID: 25217469 PMCID: PMC4585501 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previous investigations of transsexual people have focused on regional brain alterations, evaluations on a network level, especially those structural in nature, are largely missing. Therefore, we investigated the structural connectome of 23 female-to-male (FtM) and 21 male-to-female (MtF) transgender patients before hormone therapy as compared with 25 female and 25 male healthy controls. Graph theoretical analysis of whole-brain probabilistic tractography networks (adjusted for differences in intracranial volume) showed decreased hemispheric connectivity ratios of subcortical/limbic areas for both transgender groups. Subsequent analysis revealed that this finding was driven by increased interhemispheric lobar connectivity weights (LCWs) in MtF transsexuals and decreased intrahemispheric LCWs in FtM patients. This was further reflected on a regional level, where the MtF group showed mostly increased local efficiencies and FtM patients decreased values. Importantly, these parameters separated each patient group from the remaining subjects for the majority of significant findings. This work complements previously established regional alterations with important findings of structural connectivity. Specifically, our data suggest that network parameters may reflect unique characteristics of transgender patients, whereas local physiological aspects have been shown to represent the transition from the biological sex to the actual gender identity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Küblböck
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering
| | - Ulrike Kaufmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Allan Hummer
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dick F Swaab
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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