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Choi H, Kim C, Song H, Cha MY, Cho HJ, Son SM, Kim HJ, Mook-Jung I. Amyloid β-induced elevation of O-GlcNAcylated c-Fos promotes neuronal cell death. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12872. [PMID: 30515991 PMCID: PMC6351842 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss resulting from cumulative neuronal cell death. O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of the proteins reflecting glucose metabolism is altered in the brains of patients with AD. However, the link between altered O-GlcNAc modification and neuronal cell death in AD is poorly understood. Here, we examined the regulation of O-GlcNAcylation of c-Fos and the effects of O-GlcNAcylated c-Fos on neuronal cell death during AD pathogenesis. We found that amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced O-GlcNAcylation on serine-56 and 57 of c-Fos was resulted from decreased interaction between c-Fos and O-GlcNAcase and promoted neuronal cell death. O-GlcNAcylated c-Fos increased its stability and potentiated the transcriptional activity through higher interaction with c-Jun, resulting in induction of Bim expression leading to neuronal cell death. Taken together, Aβ-induced O-GlcNAcylation of c-Fos plays an important role in neuronal cell death during the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyundong Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Moon-Yong Cha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Sung Min Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Haeng Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Seoul National University, College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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2
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Baldassarro VA, Marchesini A, Facchinetti F, Villetti G, Calzà L, Giardino L. Cell death in pure-neuronal and neuron-astrocyte mixed primary culture subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation: The contribution of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases and caspases. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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3
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Baldassarro VA, Marchesini A, Giardino L, Calzà L. Vulnerability of primary neurons derived from Tg2576 Alzheimer mice to oxygen and glucose deprivation: role of intraneuronal amyloid-β accumulation and astrocytes. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:671-678. [PMID: 28237964 PMCID: PMC5451168 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction is considered an integral part of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis, but the possible relationship between amyloid pathology, microvascular dysfunction and cell death is still unclear. In order to investigate the influence of intraneuronal amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation on vulnerability to hypoxia, we isolated primary cortical neurons from Tg2576 (carrying the amyloid precursor protein APPSwe mutation) and wild-type fetal mice. We first demonstrated that neurons isolated from Tg2576 newborn mice show an increase in VEGFa mRNA expression and a decrease in the expression of the two VEGF receptors, Flt1 and Kdr, compared with wild-type cells. Moreover, APPSwe primary neurons displayed higher spontaneous and glutamate-induced cell death. We then deprived the cultures of oxygen and glucose (OGD) as an in vitro model of hypoxia. After OGD, APPSwe neurons display higher levels of cell death in terms of percentage of pyknotic/fragmented nuclei and mitochondrial depolarization, accompanied by an increase in the intraneuronal Aβ content. To explore the influence of intraneuronal Aβ peptide accumulation, we used the γ-secretase inhibitor LY450139, which showed that the reduction of the intracellular amyloid fully protects APPSwe neurons from OGD-induced degeneration. Conditioned medium from OGD-exposed APPSwe or wild-type astrocytes protected APPswe neurons but not wild-type neurons, during OGD. In conclusion, the presence of the mutated human APP gene, leading to the intracellular accumulation of APP and Aβ fragments, worsens OGD toxicity. Protection of APPSwe neurons can be obtained either using a γ-secretase inhibitor or astrocyte conditioned medium. Summary:In vitro systems derived from AD mice can be used to investigate the vulnerability of AD neurons to different neurotoxic challenges, including oxygen glucose deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Science and Technologies (ICIR - HST), University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Luciana Giardino
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Science and Technologies (ICIR - HST), University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical Veterinary Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.,Fondazione IRET, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Science and Technologies (ICIR - HST), University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy .,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.,Fondazione IRET, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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4
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Thiel C, Cordes H, Baier V, Blank LM, Kuepfer L. Multiscale modeling reveals inhibitory and stimulatory effects of caffeine on acetaminophen-induced toxicity in humans. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2017; 6:136-146. [PMID: 28130915 PMCID: PMC5321810 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic drug that is frequently co-administered with caffeine (CAF) in the treatment of pain. It is well known that APAP may cause severe liver injury after an acute overdose. However, the understanding of whether and to what extent CAF inhibits or stimulates APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in humans is still lacking. Here, a multiscale analysis is presented that quantitatively models the pharmacodynamic (PD) response of APAP during co-medication with CAF. Therefore, drug-drug interaction (DDI) processes were integrated into physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models at the organism level, whereas drug-specific PD response data were contextualized at the cellular level. The results provide new insights into the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of CAF on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity for crucially affected key cellular processes and individual genes at the patient level. This study might facilitate the risk assessment of drug combination therapies in humans and thus may improve patient safety in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thiel
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), Rheinisch‐Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - H Cordes
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), Rheinisch‐Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - V Baier
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), Rheinisch‐Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - LM Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), Rheinisch‐Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - L Kuepfer
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), Rheinisch‐Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
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5
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Beaudet G, Valable S, Bourgine J, Lelong-Boulouard V, Lanfumey L, Freret T, Boulouard M, Paizanis E. Long-Lasting Effects of Chronic Intermittent Alcohol Exposure in Adolescent Mice on Object Recognition and Hippocampal Neuronal Activity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2591-2603. [PMID: 27801508 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge drinking is popular and highly prevalent in teenagers. However, the long-term cognitive and neurobiological consequences of such practices are not yet fully understood. In this context, we therefore assessed in mice whether a chronic intermittent alcohol (CIA) exposure in adolescence had long-term consequences on object discrimination and memory performances, emotional behaviors, brain activity, and morphology. METHODS C57BL/6JRj mice were treated with either saline or ethanol (EtOH) (2 g/kg/d, i.p., from postnatal days [PND] 30 to PND 44 every other day). The day following the last administration or later in adulthood (PND 71) mice were tested for different behavioral tests (novel object recognition, spontaneous alternation, light-dark box, elevated plus-maze, actimeter test), to assess object recognition, working memory performances, anxiety-like behavior, and locomotor activity. We also investigated neuronal activation of hippocampus, prefrontal and perirhinal cortices, and anatomical changes using immediate-early gene expression and longitudinal brain magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Our results showed that adolescent mice exposed to CIA present a critical and persistent impairment of short-term object recognition performances. By contrast, spatial working memory was not impaired, nor was anxiety-like behavior. This altered object discrimination was associated with a biphasic change in neuronal activity in the hippocampus but without morphological changes. Indeed, c-Fos expression was specifically increased in the dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus after the binge exposure, but then became significantly lower in adulthood both in the DG and the CA1 part of the hippocampus compared with adult saline pretreated mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence for adolescent vulnerability to the effects of intermittent binge EtOH exposure on object discrimination and hippocampal activity with long-lasting consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Beaudet
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Caen, France.,UCN, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc) EA 4259, Caen, 14032, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Caen, France.,CNRS UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy group, Caen, France
| | - Joanna Bourgine
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Caen, France.,UCN, COMETE, Caen, France.,Inserm, U1075 COMETE, Caen, France.,Department of Pharmacology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Véronique Lelong-Boulouard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Caen, France.,UCN, COMETE, Caen, France.,Inserm, U1075 COMETE, Caen, France.,Department of Pharmacology, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S894, Paris, France.,Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm UMR 894, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Freret
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Caen, France.,UCN, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc) EA 4259, Caen, 14032, France
| | - Michel Boulouard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Caen, France.,UCN, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc) EA 4259, Caen, 14032, France
| | - Eleni Paizanis
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, Caen, France.,UCN, Groupe Mémoire et Plasticité comportementale (GMPc) EA 4259, Caen, 14032, France
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6
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Early Postnatal Ethanol Exposure: Glutamatergic Excitotoxic Cell Death During Acute Withdrawal. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-012-9308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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7
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Craig AJ, Meloni BP, Watt P, Knuckey NW. Attenuation of Neuronal Death by Peptide Inhibitors of AP-1 Activation in Acute and Delayed In Vitro Ischaemia (Oxygen/Glucose Deprivation) Models. Int J Pept Res Ther 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-010-9234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Meade AJ, Meloni BP, Mastaglia FL, Watt PM, Knuckey NW. AP-1 inhibitory peptides attenuate in vitro cortical neuronal cell death induced by kainic acid. Brain Res 2010; 1360:8-16. [PMID: 20833150 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study has assessed the neuroprotective efficacy of five AP-1 inhibitory peptides in an in vitro excitotoxicity model. The five AP-1 inhibitory peptides and controls of the JNK inhibitor peptide (JNKI-1D-TAT) and TAT cell-penetrating-peptide were administered to primary cortical neuronal cultures prior to kainic acid exposure. All five AP-1 inhibitory peptides and JNKI-1D-TAT provided significant neuroprotection from kainic acid induced neuronal cell death. Kainic acid exposure induced caspase and calpain activation in neuronal cultures, with caspase-induced cleavage of α-fodrin reduced by administration of the AP-1 inhibitory peptides. Sequence analysis of the AP-1 inhibitory peptides did not reveal the presence of any secondary structures; however two peptides shared 66% amino-acid sequence homology. As a result, truncated sequences were designed and synthesised to identify the active region of the peptides. All truncated peptides were significantly neuroprotective following kainic acid and glutamate exposure. We have shown for the first time the neuroprotective efficacy of full-length and truncated AP-1 inhibitory peptides in kainic acid and glutamate neuronal excitotoxicity models. The identification of therapeutic targets, such as the AP-1 complex, is an important step for the development of pharmaceuticals to reduce neuronal loss in disorders with a prevalence of excitotoxic cell death such as epilepsy, cerebral ischaemia, and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Meade
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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9
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Meade AJ, Meloni BP, Cross J, Bakker AJ, Fear MW, Mastaglia FL, Watt PM, Knuckey NW. AP-1 inhibitory peptides are neuroprotective following acute glutamate excitotoxicity in primary cortical neuronal cultures. J Neurochem 2009; 112:258-70. [PMID: 19878434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cell death caused by glutamate excitotoxicity is prevalent in various neurological disorders and has been associated with the transcriptional activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1). In this study, we tested 19 recently isolated AP-1 inhibitory peptides, fused to the cell penetrating peptide TAT, for their efficacy in preventing cell death in cortical neuronal cultures following glutamate excitotoxicity. Five peptides (PYC19D-TAT, PYC35D-TAT, PYC36D-TAT, PYC38D-TAT, PYC41D-TAT) displayed neuroprotective activity in concentration responses in both l- and retro-inverso d-isoforms with increasing levels of neuroprotection peaking at 83%. Interestingly, the D-TAT peptide displayed a neuroprotective effect increasing neuronal survival to 25%. Using an AP-1 luciferase reporter assay, we confirmed that the AP-1 inhibitory peptides reduce AP-1 transcriptional activation, and that c-Jun and c-Fos mRNA following glutamate exposure is reduced. In addition, following glutamate exposure the AP-1 inhibitory peptides decreased calpain-mediated alpha-fodrin cleavage, but not neuronal calcium influx. Finally, as neuronal death following glutamate excitotoxicity was transcriptionally independent (actinomycin D insensitive), our data indicate that activation of AP-1 proteins can induce cell death via non-transcriptional pathways. Thus, these peptides have potential application as therapeutics directly or for the rational design of small molecule inhibitors in both apoptotic and necrotic neuronal death associated with AP-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Meade
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia and Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
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10
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Del Vecchio G, Giuliani A, Fernandez M, Mesirca P, Bersani F, Pinto R, Ardoino L, Lovisolo GA, Giardino L, Calzà L. Effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on in vitro models of neurodegenerative disease. Bioelectromagnetics 2009; 30:564-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Continuous exposure to 900MHz GSM-modulated EMF alters morphological maturation of neural cells. Neurosci Lett 2009; 455:173-7. [PMID: 19429115 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on neuronal phenotype maturation have been studied in two different in vitro models: murine SN56 cholinergic cell line and rat primary cortical neurons. The samples were exposed at a dose of 1W/kg at 900 MHz GSM modulated. The phenotype analysis was carried out at 48 and 72 h (24 and 48 h of SN56 cell line differentiation) or at 24, 72, 120 h (2, 4 and 6 days in vitro for cortical neurons) of exposure, on live and immunolabeled neurons, and included the morphological study of neurite emission, outgrowth and branching. Moreover, cortical neurons were studied to detect alterations in the expression pattern of cytoskeleton regulating factors, e.g. beta-thymosin, and of early genes, e.g. c-Fos and c-Jun through real-time PCR on mRNA extracted after 24h exposure to EMF. We found that RF-EMF exposure reduced the number of neurites generated by both cell systems, and this alteration correlates to increased expression of beta-thymosin mRNA.
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12
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Activation of 5-HT2C receptors acutely induces Per1 gene expression in the rat SCN in vitro. Brain Res 2008; 1209:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Chen HY, Chu X, Yan CL, Chen XH, Sun M, Wang YJ, Wang CB, Yu WG. Polypeptide from Chlamys farreri attenuates murine thymocytes damage induced by ultraviolet B. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:1665-70. [PMID: 17883955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Polypeptide from Chlamys farreri (PCF, molecular mass is 879) is a new marine polypeptide compound isolated from Chlamys farreri. This study investigates the possible protective roles and the mechanism of PCF against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced apoptosis in murine thymocytes. METHODS The rate of apoptosis and caspase-3 activation was measured by flow cytometry. The expression of stress-response genes c-fos and c-jun was observed by RT-PCR. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the release of cytochrome c. RESULTS It was found that UVB induced murine thymocyte death. The cells treated with UVB showed an increase in cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activity, as well as in the expression of c-fos and c-jun. In addition, all were involved in UVB-induced cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our present observations pointed to the ability of PCF to avert UVB-induced apoptosis in thymocytes by modulating c-fos and c-jun expression, cytochrome c release, and the consequent activation of caspase-3, which were essential components of the UV-induced cell apoptotic pathway. The results suggested that PCF is a promising protective substance against UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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14
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Tadros SF, D’Souza M, Zettel ML, Zhu X, Frisina RD. Glutamate-related gene expression changes with age in the mouse auditory midbrain. Brain Res 2006; 1127:1-9. [PMID: 17113045 PMCID: PMC2423939 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in both the peripheral and central auditory systems. Changes of glutamate and glutamate-related genes with age may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of age-related hearing loss-presbycusis. In this study, changes in glutamate-related mRNA gene expression in the CBA mouse inferior colliculus with age and hearing loss were examined and correlations were sought between these changes and functional hearing measures, such as the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Gene expression of 68 glutamate-related genes was investigated using both genechip microarray and real-time PCR (qPCR) molecular techniques for four different age/hearing loss CBA mouse subject groups. Two genes showed consistent differences between groups for both the genechip and qPCR. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase enzyme (Pycs) showed down-regulation with age and a high-affinity glutamate transporter (Slc1a3) showed up-regulation with age and hearing loss. Since Pycs plays a role in converting glutamate to proline, its deficiency in old age may lead to both glutamate increases and proline deficiencies in the auditory midbrain, playing a role in the subsequent inducement of glutamate toxicity and loss of proline neuroprotective effects. The up-regulation of Slc1a3 gene expression may reflect a cellular compensatory mechanism to protect against age-related glutamate or calcium excitoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif F. Tadros
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester NY, 14642-8629, USA
- International Center for Hearing & Speech Research, National Technical Institute for the Deaf, Rochester Institute of Technology, 52 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester NY, 14623, USA
| | - Mary D’Souza
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester NY, 14642-8629, USA
- International Center for Hearing & Speech Research, National Technical Institute for the Deaf, Rochester Institute of Technology, 52 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester NY, 14623, USA
| | - Martha L. Zettel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester NY, 14642-8629, USA
- International Center for Hearing & Speech Research, National Technical Institute for the Deaf, Rochester Institute of Technology, 52 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester NY, 14623, USA
| | - XiaoXia Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester NY, 14642-8629, USA
- International Center for Hearing & Speech Research, National Technical Institute for the Deaf, Rochester Institute of Technology, 52 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester NY, 14623, USA
| | - Robert D. Frisina
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester NY, 14642-8629, USA
- International Center for Hearing & Speech Research, National Technical Institute for the Deaf, Rochester Institute of Technology, 52 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester NY, 14623, USA
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15
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Pirondi S, Fernandez M, Schmidt R, Hökfelt T, Giardino L, Calzà L. The galanin-R2 agonist AR-M1896 reduces glutamate toxicity in primary neural hippocampal cells. J Neurochem 2005; 95:821-33. [PMID: 16248891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Galanin is a neuropeptide involved in a variety of biological functions, including having a strong anticonvulsant activity. To assess a possible role of galanin in modulation of glutamatergic synapses and excitotoxicity, we studied effects of a galanin receptor 2(3) agonist (AR-M1896) on several molecular events induced by glutamate administration in primary neural hippocampal cells. Exposure of cells, after 5 days in vitro, to glutamate 0.5 mM for 10 min caused morphological alterations, including disaggregation of beta-tubulin and MAP-2 cytoskeletal protein assembly, loss of neurites and cell shrinkage. When present in culture medium together with glutamate, 1 and 10 nM of AR-M1896 reduced these alterations. Moreover, AR-M1896 counteracted glutamate-induced c-fos mRNA and c-Fos protein up-regulation after 30-150 min, and 24 h, respectively. Massive nuclear alterations (Hoechst 33258 staining), observed 24 h after glutamate exposure, were also antagonized by AR-M1896 (0.1-100 nM) in a dose-dependent manner. These findings indicate that galanin, probably mainly through its type 2 receptor, interferes with events associated with glutamate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pirondi
- Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology and Animal Production, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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