1
|
Dexmedetomidine Improves Locomotor Function and Alleviates Thermal Hyperalgesia Following Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury in Rats. Int Neurourol J 2020; 24:S11-18. [PMID: 32482053 PMCID: PMC7285700 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2040162.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of dexmedetomidine on locomotor function and thermal hyperalgesia in sciatic nerve crush injury (SNCI) were investigated using rats. METHODS After exposing the right sciatic nerve, the sciatic nerve was crushed for 1 minute by a surgical clip. One day after nerve injury, dexmedetomidine (5, 25, and 50 µg/kg) was directly applied to the injured sciatic nerve once a day for 14 days. Walking track analysis was used to assess locomotor function and plantar test was conducted to assess thermal pain sensitivity. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of c-Fos in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Western blot was used to evaluate the expression level of nerve growth factor (NGF) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in the sciatic nerve. RESULTS SNCI resulted in deterioration of locomotor function and increased thermal pain sensitivity. The level of c-Fos expression in the PVN and vlPAG was increased and the level of NGF and MBP expression in the sciatic nerve was enhanced by SNCI. Dexmedetomidine treatment improved locomotor function and upregulated expression of NGF and MBP in the sciatic nerve of SNCI. Dexmedetomidine treatment alleviated thermal hyperalgesia and downregulated expression of c-Fos in the vlPAG and PVN after SNCI. CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine may be used as a potential new treatment drug for recovery of locomotion and control of pain in peripheral nerve injury.
Collapse
|
2
|
Attwell CL, van Zwieten M, Verhaagen J, Mason MRJ. The Dorsal Column Lesion Model of Spinal Cord Injury and Its Use in Deciphering the Neuron-Intrinsic Injury Response. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:926-951. [PMID: 29717546 PMCID: PMC6221129 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neuron‐intrinsic response to axonal injury differs markedly between neurons of the peripheral and central nervous system. Following a peripheral lesion, a robust axonal growth program is initiated, whereas neurons of the central nervous system do not mount an effective regenerative response. Increasing the neuron‐intrinsic regenerative response would therefore be one way to promote axonal regeneration in the injured central nervous system. The large‐diameter sensory neurons located in the dorsal root ganglia are pseudo‐unipolar neurons that project one axon branch into the spinal cord, and, via the dorsal column to the brain stem, and a peripheral process to the muscles and skin. Dorsal root ganglion neurons are ideally suited to study the neuron‐intrinsic injury response because they exhibit a successful growth response following peripheral axotomy, while they fail to do so after a lesion of the central branch in the dorsal column. The dorsal column injury model allows the neuron‐intrinsic regeneration response to be studied in the context of a spinal cord injury. Here we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this model. We describe the surgical methods used to implement a lesion of the ascending fibers, the anatomy of the sensory afferent pathways and anatomical, electrophysiological, and behavioral techniques to quantify regeneration and functional recovery. Subsequently we review the results of experimental interventions in the dorsal column lesion model, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms that govern the neuron‐intrinsic injury response and manipulations of these after central axotomy. Finally, we highlight a number of recent advances that will have an impact on the design of future studies in this spinal cord injury model, including the continued development of adeno‐associated viral vectors likely to improve the genetic manipulation of dorsal root ganglion neurons and the use of tissue clearing techniques enabling 3D reconstruction of regenerating axon tracts. © 2018 The Authors. Developmental Neurobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 00: 000–000, 2018
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Callan L Attwell
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, 1105BA, The Netherlands
| | - Mike van Zwieten
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, 1105BA, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, 1105BA, The Netherlands.,Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew R J Mason
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, 1105BA, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dahl LCM, Nasa Z, Chung J, Niego B, Tarlac V, Ho H, Galle A, Petratos S, Lee JY, Alderuccio F, Medcalf RL. The Influence of Differentially Expressed Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158653. [PMID: 27427941 PMCID: PMC4948890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) has been implicated in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) and in rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We show that levels of t-PA mRNA and activity are increased ~4 fold in the spinal cords of wild-type mice that are mice subjected to EAE. This was also accompanied with a significant increase in the levels of pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (pro-MMP-9) and an influx of fibrinogen. We next compared EAE severity in wild-type mice, t-PA-/- mice and T4+ transgenic mice that selectively over-express (~14-fold) mouse t-PA in neurons of the central nervous system. Our results confirm that t-PA deficient mice have an earlier onset and more severe form of EAE. T4+ mice, despite expressing higher levels of endogenous t-PA, manifested a similar rate of onset and neurological severity of EAE. Levels of proMMP-9, and extravasated fibrinogen in spinal cord extracts were increased in mice following EAE onset regardless of the absence or over-expression of t-PA wild-type. Interestingly, MMP-2 levels also increased in spinal cord extracts of T4+ mice following EAE, but not in the other genotypes. Hence, while the absence of t-PA confers a more deleterious form of EAE, neuronal over-expression of t-PA does not overtly protect against this condition with regards to symptom onset or severity of EAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa CM Dahl
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Zeyad Nasa
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - JieYu Chung
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Be’eri Niego
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Volga Tarlac
- Van Cleef Roet Centre for Nervous Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Heidi Ho
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Adam Galle
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Alderuccio
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Robert L. Medcalf
- Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lemarchant S, Pruvost M, Hébert M, Gauberti M, Hommet Y, Briens A, Maubert E, Gueye Y, Féron F, Petite D, Mersel M, do Rego JC, Vaudry H, Koistinaho J, Ali C, Agin V, Emery E, Vivien D. tPA promotes ADAMTS-4-induced CSPG degradation, thereby enhancing neuroplasticity following spinal cord injury. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 66:28-42. [PMID: 24576594 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is known to promote neuronal remodeling in the CNS, no mechanism of how this plastic function takes place has been reported so far. We provide here in vitro and in vivo demonstrations that this serine protease neutralizes inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) by promoting their degradation via the direct activation of endogenous type 4 disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS-4). Accordingly, in a model of compression-induced spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats, we found that administration of either tPA or its downstream effector ADAMTS-4 restores the tPA-dependent activity lost after the SCI and thereby, reduces content of CSPGs in the spinal cord, a cascade of events leading to an improved axonal regeneration/sprouting and eventually long term functional recovery. This is the first study to reveal a tPA-ADAMTS-4 axis and its function in the CNS. It also raises the prospect of exploiting such cooperation as a therapeutic tool for enhancing recovery after acute CNS injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sighild Lemarchant
- Inserm UMR-S 919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Pruvost
- Inserm UMR-S 919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Marie Hébert
- Inserm UMR-S 919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Maxime Gauberti
- Inserm UMR-S 919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Yannick Hommet
- Inserm UMR-S 919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Aurélien Briens
- Inserm UMR-S 919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Eric Maubert
- Inserm UMR-S 919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Yatma Gueye
- CNRS UMR-6184, Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie, IFR Jean Roche, Faculté de Médecine, University of Aix-Marseille, F-13916 Marseille, France
| | - François Féron
- CNRS UMR-6184, Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie, IFR Jean Roche, Faculté de Médecine, University of Aix-Marseille, F-13916 Marseille, France
| | - Didier Petite
- Inserm UMR-S 583, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Pathophysiology and Therapy of Sensory and Motor Deficits, Saint Eloi Hospital, F-34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Marcel Mersel
- Inserm UMR-S 583, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Pathophysiology and Therapy of Sensory and Motor Deficits, Saint Eloi Hospital, F-34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- Inserm UMR-S 982, Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, PRIMACEN, IFRMP 23, University of Rouen, F-76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- Inserm UMR-S 982, Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, PRIMACEN, IFRMP 23, University of Rouen, F-76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carine Ali
- Inserm UMR-S 919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Agin
- Inserm UMR-S 919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Evelyne Emery
- Inserm UMR-S 919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen Cedex, France; Department of Neurosurgery, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, F-14000 Caen, France.
| | - Denis Vivien
- Inserm UMR-S 919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Minor KH, Seeds NW. Plasminogen activator induction facilitates recovery of respiratory function following spinal cord injury. Mol Cell Neurosci 2007; 37:143-52. [PMID: 18042398 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility that plasminogen activator (PA) plays a role in synaptic plasticity was explored in the spinal cord during the crossed phrenic phenomenon (CPP), where respiratory functional plasticity develops following spinal cord injury. Synaptic remodeling on phrenic motorneurons occurs during the characteristic delay period following spinal cord injury before CPP recovery of respiratory function. The molecular mechanisms underlying this plasticity are not well-defined. During the critical 1-2 h delay period required for this synaptic plasticity following a C2 hemisection in mice, uPA and tPA mRNAs are rapidly induced in C4-5 ventral spinal cord neurons in the ipsilateral phrenic motor nucleus (PMN), as are uPA and tPA protein levels. A role for uPA in CPP spinal cord plasticity is confirmed by the impaired ability of uPA knockout mice to acquire a good CPP response by 6 h post-hemisection and their lack of structural remodeling of PMN synapses that underlies development of the CPP response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H Minor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, UCDHSC, MS-8315, P.O. Box 6511, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|