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Hashimoto S, Nagoshi N, Nakamura M, Okano H. Clinical application and potential pluripotent effects of hepatocyte growth factor in spinal cord injury regeneration. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38783527 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2360191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a condition in which the spinal cord parenchyma is damaged by various factors. The mammalian central nervous system has been considered unable to regenerate once damaged, but recent progress in basic research has gradually revealed that injured neural cells can indeed regenerate. Drug therapy using novel agents is being actively investigated as a new treatment for SCI. One notable treatment method is regeneration therapy using hepatocyte growth factors (HGF). AREA COVERED HGF has pluripotent neuroregenerative actions, as indicated by its neuroprotective and regenerative effects on the microenvironment and damaged cells, respectively. This review examines these effects in various phases of SCI, from basic research to clinical studies, and the application of this treatment to other diseases. EXPERT OPINION In regenerative medicine for SCI, drug therapies have tended to be more likely to be developed compared to cell replacement treatment. Nevertheless, there are still challenges to be addressed for these clinical applications due to a wide variety of pathology and animal experimental models of basic study, but HGF could be an effective treatment for SCI with expanded application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Fischer G, Bättig L, Stienen MN, Curt A, Fehlings MG, Hejrati N. Advancements in neuroregenerative and neuroprotective therapies for traumatic spinal cord injury. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1372920. [PMID: 38812974 PMCID: PMC11133582 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1372920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) continue to be a major healthcare concern, with a rising prevalence worldwide. In response to this growing medical challenge, considerable scientific attention has been devoted to developing neuroprotective and neuroregenerative strategies aimed at improving the prognosis and quality of life for individuals with SCIs. This comprehensive review aims to provide an up-to-date and thorough overview of the latest neuroregenerative and neuroprotective therapies currently under investigation. These strategies encompass a multifaceted approach that include neuropharmacological interventions, cell-based therapies, and other promising strategies such as biomaterial scaffolds and neuro-modulation therapies. In addition, the review discusses the importance of acute clinical management, including the role of hemodynamic management as well as timing and technical aspects of surgery as key factors mitigating the secondary injury following SCI. In conclusion, this review underscores the ongoing scientific efforts to enhance patient outcomes and quality of life, focusing on upcoming strategies for the management of traumatic SCI. Each section provides a working knowledge of the fundamental preclinical and patient trials relevant to clinicians while underscoring the pathophysiologic rationale for the therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Fischer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, Medical School of St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
- Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, Medical School of St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Linda Bättig
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, Medical School of St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
- Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, Medical School of St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Martin N. Stienen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, Medical School of St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
- Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, Medical School of St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Armin Curt
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nader Hejrati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, Medical School of St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
- Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, Medical School of St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
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3
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Shang Z, Shi W, Fu H, Zhang Y, Yu T. Identification of key autophagy-related genes and pathways in spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6553. [PMID: 38504116 PMCID: PMC10951339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause a range of functional impairments, and patients with SCI have limited potential for functional recovery. Previous studies have demonstrated that autophagy plays a role in the pathological process of SCI, but the specific mechanism of autophagy in this context remains unclear. Therefore, we explored the role of autophagy in SCI by identifying key autophagy-related genes and pathways. This study utilized the GSE132242 expression profile dataset, which consists of four control samples and four SCI samples; autophagy-related genes were sourced from GeneCards. R software was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the GSE132242 dataset, which were then intersected with autophagy-related genes to identify autophagy-related DEGs in SCI. Subsequently, the expression levels of these genes were confirmed and analyzed with gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). A protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was conducted to identify interaction genes, and the resulting network was visualized with Cytoscape. The MCODE plug-in was used to build gene cluster modules, and the cytoHubba plug-in was applied to screen for hub genes. Finally, the GSE5296 dataset was used to verify the reliability of the hub genes. We screened 129 autophagy-related DEGs, including 126 up-regulated and 3 down-regulated genes. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that these 129 genes were mainly involved in the process of cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, IL-1 production, and inflammatory reactions, the TNF signaling pathway and the p53 signaling pathway. PPI identified 10 hub genes, including CCL2, TGFB1, PTGS2, FN1, HGF, MYC, IGF1, CD44, CXCR4, and SERPINEL1. The GSE5296 dataset revealed that the control group exhibited lower expression levels than the SCI group, although only CD44 and TGFB1 showed significant differences. This study identified 129 autophagy-related genes that might play a role in SCI. CD44 and TGFB1 were identified as potentially important genes in the autophagy process after SCI. These findings provide new targets for future research and offer new perspectives on the pathogenesis of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Shang
- Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Weipeng Shi
- Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Haitao Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Institute of Traumatic Orthopedics, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, China.
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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Okano Y, Kase Y, Suematsu Y, Nakamura M, Okano H. Chronological transitions of hepatocyte growth factor treatment effects in spinal cord injury tissue. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:10. [PMID: 38475915 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are known to suppress neural regeneration in patients receiving stem cell-based regenerative therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI). Consequently, pathways involved in neurogenesis and immunomodulation, such as the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/MET signaling cascade, have garnered significant attention. Notably, various studies, including our own, have highlighted the enhanced recovery of locomotor functions achieved in SCI animal models by combining HGF pretreatment and human induced stem cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cell (hiPSC-NS/PC) transplantation. However, these studies implicitly hypothesized that the functionality of HGF in SCI would be time consistent and did not elucidate its dynamics. In the present article, we investigated the time-course of the effect of HGF on SCI, aiming to uncover a more precise mechanism for HGF administration, which is indispensable for developing crystallizing protocols for combination therapy. To this end, we performed a detailed investigation of the temporal variation of HGF using the RNA-seq data we obtained in our most recent study. Leveraging the time-series design of the data, which we did not fully exploit previously, we identified three components in the effects of HGF that operate at different times: early effects, continuous effects, and delayed effects. Our findings suggested a concept where the three components together contribute to the acceleration of neurogenesis and immunomodulation, which reinforce the legitimacy of empirically fine-tuned protocols for HGF administration and advocate the novel possibility that the time-inconsistent effects of HGF progressively augment the efficacy of combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Extended Intelligence for Medicine, The Ishii-Ishibashi Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Division of CNS Regeneration and Drug Discovery, International Center for Brain Science (ICBS), Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-Cho, Toyoake-Shi, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kase
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Division of CNS Regeneration and Drug Discovery, International Center for Brain Science (ICBS), Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-Cho, Toyoake-Shi, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yu Suematsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Division of CNS Regeneration and Drug Discovery, International Center for Brain Science (ICBS), Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-Cho, Toyoake-Shi, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
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5
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Cai C, Li H, Tian Z, Liang Q, Shen R, Wu Z, Liu B, Yang Y. HGF secreted by hUC-MSCs mitigates neuronal apoptosis to repair the injured spinal cord via phosphorylation of Akt/FoxO3a pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 692:149321. [PMID: 38056156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause severe and permanent neurological damage, and neuronal apoptosis could inhibit functional recovery of damaged spinal cord greatly. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have great potential to repair SCI because of a series of advantages, including inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and multiple differentiation. The former may play an important role. However, the detailed regulatory mechanism associated with the inhibition of neuronal apoptosis after hUC-MSCs administration has not been elucidated. In this study, proteomics analysis of precious human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from SCI subjects receiving hUC-MSCs delivery indicated that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is largely involved in SCI repair. Furthermore, overexpression of HGF derived from hUC-MSCs could decrease reactive oxygen species to prevent neuron apoptosis to the maximum, and thus lead to significant recovery of spinal cord dysfunction. Moreover, HGF could promote phosphorylation of Akt/FoxO3a pathway to decrease reactive oxygen species to reduce neuron apoptosis. For the first time, our research revealed that HGF secreted by hUC-MSCs inhibits neuron apoptosis by phosphorylation of Akt/FoxO3a to repair SCI. This study provides important clues associated with drug selection for the effective treatment of SCI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Cai
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenming Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruoqi Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zizhao Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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6
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Yu L, Zhang Z, Chen H, Wang M, Mao W, Hu J, Zuo D, Lv B, Wu W, Qi S, Cui G. Remote limb ischemic postconditioning inhibits microglia pyroptosis by modulating HGF after acute ischemia stroke. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10590. [PMID: 38023701 PMCID: PMC10658568 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The repetitive inflation-deflation of a blood pressure cuff on a limb is known as remote limb ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC). It prevents brain damage induced by acute ischemia stroke (AIS). Pyroptosis, executed by the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD), is a type of regulated cell death triggered by proinflammatory signals. It contributes to the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury. However, the effects of RIPostC on pyroptosis following AIS remain largely unknown. In our study, linear correlation analysis confirmed that serum GSDMD levels in AIS patients upon admission were positively correlated with NIHSS scores. RIPostC treatment significantly reduced GSDMD level compared with patients without RIPostC at 3 days post-treatment. Besides, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery was performed on C57BL/6 male mice and RIPostC was induced immediately after MCAO. We found that RIPostC suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome to reduce the maturation of GSDMD, leading to decreased pyroptosis in microglia after AIS. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was identified using the high throughput screening. Importantly, HGF siRNA, exogenous HGF, and ISG15 siRNA were used to reveal that HGF/ISG15 is a possible mechanism of RIPostC regulation in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Zuohui Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Wenqi Mao
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Jinxia Hu
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Dandan Zuo
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Bingchen Lv
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Suhua Qi
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory DiagnosticsXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Guiyun Cui
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
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7
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Suematsu Y, Nagoshi N, Shinozaki M, Kase Y, Saijo Y, Hashimoto S, Shibata T, Kajikawa K, Kamata Y, Ozaki M, Yasutake K, Shindo T, Shibata S, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Okano H. Hepatocyte growth factor pretreatment boosts functional recovery after spinal cord injury through human iPSC-derived neural stem/progenitor cell transplantation. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:50. [PMID: 37845736 PMCID: PMC10577910 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cell (hiPSC-NS/PC)-based cell transplantation has emerged as a groundbreaking method for replacing damaged neural cells and stimulating functional recovery, but its efficacy is strongly influenced by the state of the injured spinal microenvironment. This study evaluates the impact of a dual therapeutic intervention utilizing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and hiPSC-NS/PC transplantation on motor function restoration following spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS Severe contusive SCI was induced in immunocompromised rats, followed by continuous administration of recombinant human HGF protein into the subarachnoid space immediately after SCI for two weeks. Acute-phase histological and RNA sequencing analyses were conducted. Nine days after the injury, hiPSC-NS/PCs were transplanted into the lesion epicenter of the injured spinal cord, and the functional and histological outcomes were determined. RESULTS The acute-phase HGF-treated group exhibited vascularization, diverse anti-inflammatory effects, and activation of endogenous neural stem cells after SCI, which collectively contributed to tissue preservation. Following cell transplantation into a favorable environment, the transplanted NS/PCs survived well, facilitating remyelination and neuronal regeneration in host tissues. These comprehensive effects led to substantial enhancements in motor function in the dual-therapy group compared to the single-treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that the combined therapeutic approach of HGF preconditioning and hiPSC-NS/PC transplantation enhances locomotor functional recovery post-SCI, highlighting a highly promising therapeutic strategy for acute to subacute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Suematsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Munehisa Shinozaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kase
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutukake-Cho, Toyoake-Shi, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saijo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shogo Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keita Kajikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasutake
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shindo
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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8
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Kurahashi T, Nishime C, Nishinaka E, Komaki Y, Seki F, Urano K, Harada Y, Yoshikawa T, Dai P. Transplantation of Chemical Compound-Induced Cells from Human Fibroblasts Improves Locomotor Recovery in a Spinal Cord Injury Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13853. [PMID: 37762156 PMCID: PMC10530737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of regenerative medicine using cell therapy is eagerly awaited for diseases such as spinal cord injury (SCI), for which there has been no radical cure. We previously reported the direct conversion of human fibroblasts into neuronal-like cells using only chemical compounds; however, it is unclear whether chemical compound-induced neuronal-like (CiN) cells are clinically functional. In this study, we partially modified the method of inducing CiN cells (termed immature CiN cells) and examined their therapeutic efficacy, in a rat model of SCI, to investigate whether immature CiN cells are promising for clinical applications. Motor function recovery, after SCI, was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) test, as well as the CatWalk analysis. We found that locomotor recovery, after SCI in the immature CiN cell-transplanted group, was partially improved compared to that in the control group. Consistent with these results, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathological analyses revealed that nerve recovery or preservation improved in the immature CiN cell-transplanted group. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that immature CiN cells highly express hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which has recently been shown to be a promising therapeutic agent against SCI. Our findings suggest that immature CiN cells may provide an alternative strategy for the regenerative therapy of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kurahashi
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.K.); (T.Y.)
| | - Chiyoko Nishime
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; (C.N.); (E.N.); (Y.K.); (F.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Eiko Nishinaka
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; (C.N.); (E.N.); (Y.K.); (F.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Yuji Komaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; (C.N.); (E.N.); (Y.K.); (F.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Fumiko Seki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; (C.N.); (E.N.); (Y.K.); (F.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Koji Urano
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; (C.N.); (E.N.); (Y.K.); (F.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.K.); (T.Y.)
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, 103-5 Tanaka-Monzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan
| | - Ping Dai
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.K.); (T.Y.)
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9
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Kawai M, Nagoshi N, Okano H, Nakamura M. A review of regenerative therapy for spinal cord injury using human iPS cells. NORTH AMERICAN SPINE SOCIETY JOURNAL 2023; 13:100184. [PMID: 36479183 PMCID: PMC9720571 DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2022.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) has been considered to cause sudden, irreversible loss of function in patients. However, developments in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine are changing this conventional notion. Here we reviewed the overview of regenerative medicine of SCI. As a consequence of the establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), hiPSC-based therapies for SCI, such as neural stem/progenitor cell (NS/PC) transplantation, have emerged as promising therapeutic modalities. Using several animal models, hiPSC-NS/PC transplantation into subacute injured spinal cords has been repeatedly demonstrated to improve locomotor function. Some biological mechanisms underlying this improvement have been proposed. In particular, combined with advanced neuroscience techniques such as designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs), neuronal relay theory, in which the transplanted cell-derived neurons reconstruct disrupted neuronal circuits, was proven to be involved histologically, pharmaceutically, electrophysiologically, and via in vivo bioimaging. Based on these findings, hiPSC-NS/PC transplantation for subacute SCI was moved ahead to a clinical study on human patients. At the same time, the search for effective treatments for chronic SCI is proceeding gradually, combining hiPSC-NS/PC transplantation with other treatment modalities such as rehabilitation, pharmaceutical interventions, or optimal scaffolds. In addition to NS/PCs, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are also a promising cell source for transplantation, as demyelinated axons affected by SCI can be repaired by OPCs. Therapies with OPCs derived from hiPSCs are still in preclinical studies but have shown favorable outcomes in animal models. In the future, several therapeutic options may be available according to the pathological conditions and the time period of SCI. Moreover, the application of regenerative therapy for the spinal cord could be broadened to degenerative disorders, such as spinal canal stenosis. Summary sentence: A historical review of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) based cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI), in particular about footsteps of hiPSC-derived neural stem/progenitor cell transplantation, recent clinical study, and its future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momotaro Kawai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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10
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Tang H, Zhang X, Hao X, Dou H, Zou C, Zhou Y, Li B, Yue H, Wang D, Wang Y, Yang C, Fu J. Hepatocyte growth factor-modified hair follicle stem cells ameliorate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:25. [PMID: 36782269 PMCID: PMC9926795 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are considered as a promising cell type in the stem cell transplantation treatment of neurological diseases because of their rich sources, easy access, and the same ectoderm source as the nervous system. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that shows neuroprotective function in ischemic stroke. Here we assessed the therapeutic effects of HFSCs on ischemic stroke injury and the synthetic effect of HGF along with HFSCs. METHODS Rat HFSCs were intravenously transplanted into a middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rat model. Neurological scoring and TTC staining were performed to assess the benefits of HFSC transplantation. Inflammatory cytokines, blood-brain barrier integrity and angiogenesis within penumbra were estimated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The differentiation of HFSCs was detected by immunofluorescence method 2 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS HFSC transplantation could significantly inhibit the activation of microglia, improve the integrity of blood-brain barrier and reduce brain edema. Moreover, the number of surviving neurons and microvessels density in the penumbra were upregulated by HFSC transplantation, leading to better neurological score. The combination of HFSCs and HGF could significantly improve the therapeutic benefit. CONCLUSION Our results indicate for the first time that HGF modified HFSCs can reduce I/R injury and promote the neurological recovery by inhibiting inflammatory response, protecting blood-brain barrier and promoting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xiaojun Hao
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Haitong Dou
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Chendan Zou
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, No.157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yinglian Zhou
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Bing Li
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Hui Yue
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Duo Wang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yifei Wang
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086 Heilongjiang China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jin Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
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11
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Sterner RC, Sterner RM. Immune response following traumatic spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1084101. [PMID: 36685598 PMCID: PMC9853461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1084101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that is often associated with significant loss of function and/or permanent disability. The pathophysiology of SCI is complex and occurs in two phases. First, the mechanical damage from the trauma causes immediate acute cell dysfunction and cell death. Then, secondary mechanisms of injury further propagate the cell dysfunction and cell death over the course of days, weeks, or even months. Among the secondary injury mechanisms, inflammation has been shown to be a key determinant of the secondary injury severity and significantly worsens cell death and functional outcomes. Thus, in addition to surgical management of SCI, selectively targeting the immune response following SCI could substantially decrease the progression of secondary injury and improve patient outcomes. In order to develop such therapies, a detailed molecular understanding of the timing of the immune response following SCI is necessary. Recently, several studies have mapped the cytokine/chemokine and cell proliferation patterns following SCI. In this review, we examine the immune response underlying the pathophysiology of SCI and assess both current and future therapies including pharmaceutical therapies, stem cell therapy, and the exciting potential of extracellular vesicle therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Sterner
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rosalie M. Sterner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Rosalie M. Sterner,
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12
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Zochodne DW. Growth factors and molecular-driven plasticity in neurological systems. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:569-598. [PMID: 37620091 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been almost 70 years since the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF), a period of a dramatic evolution in our understanding of dynamic growth, regeneration, and rewiring of the nervous system. In 1953, the extraordinary finding that a protein found in mouse submandibular glands generated a halo of outgrowing axons has now redefined our concept of the nervous system connectome. Central and peripheral neurons and their axons or dendrites are no longer considered fixed or static "wiring." Exploiting this molecular-driven plasticity as a therapeutic approach has arrived in the clinic with a slate of new trials and ideas. Neural growth factors (GFs), soluble proteins that alter the behavior of neurons, have expanded in numbers and our understanding of the complexity of their signaling and interactions with other proteins has intensified. However, beyond these "extrinsic" determinants of neuron growth and function are the downstream pathways that impact neurons, ripe for translational development and potentially more important than individual growth factors that may trigger them. Persistent and ongoing nuances in clinical trial design in some of the most intractable and irreversible neurological conditions give hope for connecting new biological ideas with clinical benefits. This review is a targeted update on neural GFs, their signals, and new therapeutic ideas, selected from an expansive literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Zochodne
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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13
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Chen J, Fujita N, Takeda T, Hanyu W, Takatani H, Nakagawa T, Nishimura R. Canine bone marrow peri-adipocyte cells could therapeutically benefit acute spinal cord injury through migration and secretion of hepatocyte growth factor to inflammatory milieu. Exp Anim 2023; 72:19-29. [PMID: 35965078 PMCID: PMC9978132 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common neurological disorder in dogs. A secondary injury that occurs in the acute phase causes expansion of inflammation, resulting in lesion extension and further loss of function. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have trophic effects and the ability to migrate toward injured tissues; therefore, MSC-based therapy is considered promising for the treatment of canine SCI. We recently reported that bone marrow peri-adipocyte cells (BM-PACs) can be obtained from canine bone marrow and have stem cell potential superior to that of conventional bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs). However, their therapeutic potential for SCI have been still unknow. Here, we first evaluated the ability of BM-PACs to secrete hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and their migration ability toward inflammatory milieu in vitro. BM-PACs can secrete HGF in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1β, and exhibit migration ability toward these cytokines. Next, BM-PACs were intravenously administered into nude mice with acute SCI to analyze the homing ability and therapeutic effects of HGF secreted by BM-PACs. BM-PACs homed to the injured spinal cord, where the HGF expression level increased 7 days after administration. Intravenous administration of BM-PACs induced functional recovery and pathological improvement, indicated by less demyelinating area, more preserved axons, and less glial scar formation compared with the mice only received vehicle. These findings suggest that the intravenous administration of BM-PACs can be a novel therapeutic intervention for acute canine SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Chen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0032, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0032, Japan
| | - Tae Takeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0032, Japan
| | - Wataru Hanyu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0032, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takatani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0032, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0032, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0032, Japan
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14
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Hemati-Gourabi M, Cao T, Romprey MK, Chen M. Capacity of astrocytes to promote axon growth in the injured mammalian central nervous system. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:955598. [PMID: 36203815 PMCID: PMC9530187 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.955598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of axon growth after injury to the adult central nervous system (CNS) is crucial to improve neural repair. Following acute focal CNS injury, astrocytes are one cellular component of the scar tissue at the primary lesion that is traditionally associated with inhibition of axon regeneration. Advances in genetic models and experimental approaches have broadened knowledge of the capacity of astrocytes to facilitate injury-induced axon growth. This review summarizes findings that support a positive role of astrocytes in axon regeneration and axon sprouting in the mature mammalian CNS, along with potential underlying mechanisms. It is important to recognize that astrocytic functions, including modulation of axon growth, are context-dependent. Evidence suggests that the local injury environment, neuron-intrinsic regenerative potential, and astrocytes’ reactive states determine the astrocytic capacity to support axon growth. An integrated understanding of these factors will optimize therapeutic potential of astrocyte-targeted strategies for neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuoxin Cao
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Megan K. Romprey
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Meifan Chen
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Meifan Chen,
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15
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Gadot R, Smith DN, Prablek M, Grochmal JK, Fuentes A, Ropper AE. Established and Emerging Therapies in Acute Spinal Cord Injury. Neurospine 2022; 19:283-296. [PMID: 35793931 PMCID: PMC9260540 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2244176.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is devastating for patients and their caretakers and has an annual incidence of 20–50 per million people. Following initial assessment with appropriate physical examination and imaging, patients who are deemed surgical candidates should undergo decompression with stabilization. Earlier intervention can improve neurological recovery in the post-operative period while allowing earlier mobilization. Optimized medical management is paramount to improve outcomes. Emerging strategies for managing SCI in the acute period stem from an evolving understanding of the pathophysiology of the injury. General areas of focus include ischemia prevention, reduction of secondary injury due to inflammation, modulation of the cytotoxic and immune response, and promotion of cellular regeneration. In this article, we review established, emerging, and novel experimental therapies. Continued translational research on these methods will improve the feasibility of bench-to-bedside innovations in treating patients with acute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Gadot
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David N. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marc Prablek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joey K. Grochmal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alfonso Fuentes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander E. Ropper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Corresponding Author Alexander E. Ropper Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge St. Suite 9A, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Tsivelekas KK, Evangelopoulos DS, Pallis D, Benetos IS, Papadakis SA, Vlamis J, Pneumaticos SG. Angiogenesis in Spinal Cord Injury: Progress and Treatment. Cureus 2022; 14:e25475. [PMID: 35800787 PMCID: PMC9246426 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) provokes the onset of an intricate pathological process. Initial primary injury ruptures local micro-neuro-vascularcomplex triggering the commencement of multi-factorial secondary sequences which exert significant influence on neurological deterioration progress. Stimulating by local ischemia, neovascularization pathways emerge to provide neuroprotection and improve functional recovery. Although angiogenetic processes are prompted, newly formed vascular system is frequently inadequate to distribute sufficient blood supply and improve axonal recovery. Several treatment interventions have been endeavored to achieve the optimal conditions in SCI microenvironment, enhancing angiogenesis and improve functional recovery. In this study we review the revascularization pathogenesis and importance within the secondary processes and condense the proangiogenic influence of several angiogenetic-targeted treatment interventions.
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17
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Advanced approaches to regenerate spinal cord injury: The development of cell and tissue engineering therapy and combinational treatments. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112529. [PMID: 34906773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system (CNS) devastate event that is commonly caused by traumatic or non-traumatic events. The reinnervation of spinal cord axons is hampered through a myriad of devices counting on the damaged myelin, inflammation, glial scar, and defective inhibitory molecules. Unfortunately, an effective treatment to completely repair SCI and improve functional recovery has not been found. In this regard, strategies such as using cells, biomaterials, biomolecules, and drugs have been reported to be effective for SCI recovery. Furthermore, recent advances in combinatorial treatments, which address various aspects of SCI pathophysiology, provide optimistic outcomes for spinal cord regeneration. According to the global importance of SCI, the goal of this article review is to provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SCI, with an emphasis on the latest modes of intervention and current advanced approaches for the treatment of SCI, in conjunction with an assessment of combinatorial approaches in preclinical and clinical trials. So, this article can give scientists and clinicians' clues to help them better understand how to construct preclinical and clinical studies that could lead to a breakthrough in spinal cord regeneration.
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18
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Zhou Z, Li D, Fan X, Yuan Y, Wang H, Wang D, Mei X. Gold nanoclusters conjugated berberine reduce inflammation and alleviate neuronal apoptosis by mediating M2 polarization for spinal cord injury repair. Regen Biomater 2021; 9:rbab072. [PMID: 35558096 PMCID: PMC9089162 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to nerve cell apoptosis and loss of motor function. Herein, excessive activation of the M1 phenotype macrophages/microglia is found to be the main reason for the poor prognosis of SCI, but the selective activation phenotype (M2) macrophages/microglia facilitates the recovery of SCI. Thereafter, we used gold nanoclusters loaded berberine (BRB-AuNCs) to reduce inflammation by inhibiting the activation of M1 phenotype macrophages/microglia, which simultaneously inhibited neuronal apoptosis after SCI. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that BRB-AuNCs reduced M1 protein marker CD86, increased M2 protein marker CD206, reduced inflammation and apoptotic cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, Cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax). These results indicate that BRB-AuNCs have excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects by inducing the polarization of macrophages/microglia from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype. Thereafter, the motor functions of SCI rats were significantly improved after treatment with BRB-AuNCs. This work not only provides a new way for the treatment of SCI but also broadens BRB utilization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng Zhou
- Department of The First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 79, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110847, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Basic Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiangyi Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yajiang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dahao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Jinzhou Medical University, No.40, Section 3, Songpo Road, Linghe District Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province 121001, P.R.China
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19
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Zawadzka M, Kwaśniewska A, Miazga K, Sławińska U. Perspectives in the Cell-Based Therapies of Various Aspects of the Spinal Cord Injury-Associated Pathologies: Lessons from the Animal Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112995. [PMID: 34831217 PMCID: PMC8616284 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury of the spinal cord (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition often leading to severe dysfunctions, therefore an improvement in clinical treatment for SCI patients is urgently needed. The potential benefits of transplantation of various cell types into the injured spinal cord have been intensively investigated in preclinical SCI models and clinical trials. Despite the many challenges that are still ahead, cell transplantation alone or in combination with other factors, such as artificial matrices, seems to be the most promising perspective. Here, we reviewed recent advances in cell-based experimental strategies supporting or restoring the function of the injured spinal cord with a particular focus on the regenerative mechanisms that could define their clinical translation.
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20
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Desole C, Gallo S, Vitacolonna A, Montarolo F, Bertolotto A, Vivien D, Comoglio P, Crepaldi T. HGF and MET: From Brain Development to Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683609. [PMID: 34179015 PMCID: PMC8220160 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its tyrosine kinase receptor, encoded by the MET cellular proto-oncogene, are expressed in the nervous system from pre-natal development to adult life, where they are involved in neuronal growth and survival. In this review, we highlight, beyond the neurotrophic action, novel roles of HGF-MET in synaptogenesis during post-natal brain development and the connection between deregulation of MET expression and developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). On the pharmacology side, HGF-induced MET activation exerts beneficial neuroprotective effects also in adulthood, specifically in neurodegenerative disease, and in preclinical models of cerebral ischemia, spinal cord injuries, and neurological pathologies, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). HGF is a key factor preventing neuronal death and promoting survival through pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory mechanisms. Recent evidence suggests that HGF acts on neural stem cells to enhance neuroregeneration. The possible therapeutic application of HGF and HGF mimetics for the treatment of neurological disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Desole
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Simona Gallo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Annapia Vitacolonna
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesca Montarolo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy.,Neurobiology Unit, Neurology, CReSM (Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis), San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Bertolotto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy.,Neurobiology Unit, Neurology, CReSM (Regional Referring Center of Multiple Sclerosis), San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Denis Vivien
- INSERM U1237, University of Caen, Gyp Cyceron, Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Paolo Comoglio
- IFOM, FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Crepaldi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
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21
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Zhang Y, Al Mamun A, Yuan Y, Lu Q, Xiong J, Yang S, Wu C, Wu Y, Wang J. Acute spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and pharmacological intervention (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:417. [PMID: 33846780 PMCID: PMC8025476 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most debilitating of all the traumatic conditions that afflict individuals. For a number of years, extensive studies have been conducted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of SCI. Experimental and clinical studies have indicated that two phases, primary damage and secondary damage, are involved in SCI. The initial mechanical damage is caused by local impairment of the spinal cord. In addition, the fundamental mechanisms are associated with hyperflexion, hyperextension, axial loading and rotation. By contrast, secondary injury mechanisms are led by systemic and cellular factors, which may also be initiated by the primary injury. Although significant advances in supportive care have improved clinical outcomes in recent years, a number of studies continue to explore specific pharmacological therapies to minimize SCI. The present review summarized some important pathophysiologic mechanisms that are involved in SCI and focused on several pharmacological and non‑pharmacological therapies, which have either been previously investigated or have a potential in the management of this debilitating injury in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, P.R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Qi Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Shulin Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, P.R. China
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
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22
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Yao C, Cao X, Yu B. Revascularization After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Physiol 2021; 12:631500. [PMID: 33995118 PMCID: PMC8119644 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.631500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex pathological process. The initial mechanical damage is followed by a progressive secondary injury cascade. The injury ruptures the local microvasculature and disturbs blood-spinal cord barriers, exacerbating inflammation and tissue damage. Although endogenous angiogenesis is triggered, the new vessels are insufficient and often fail to function normally. Numerous blood vessel interventions, such as proangiogenic factor administration, gene modulation, cell transplantation, biomaterial implantation, and physical stimulation, have been applied as SCI treatments. Here, we briefly describe alterations and effects of the vascular system on local microenvironments after SCI. Therapies targeted at revascularization for SCI are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuemin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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23
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Baroncini A, Maffulli N, Eschweiler J, Tingart M, Migliorini F. Pharmacological management of secondary spinal cord injury. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1793-1800. [PMID: 33899630 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1918674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Secondary spinal cord injury (SCI) sets on immediately after trauma and, despite prompt treatment, may become chronic. SCI is a complex condition and presents numerous challenges to patients and physicians alike, also considering the lack of an approved pharmacological therapy.Areas covered: This review describes the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to secondary SCI to highlight possible targets for pharmacological therapy. Furthermore, an extensive search of the literature on different databases (PubMed, Google scholar, Embase, and Scopus) and of the current clinical trials (clinicaltrials.gov) was performed to investigate the current outlook for the pharmacological management of SCI. Only drugs with performed or ongoing clinical trials were considered.Expert opinion: Pharmacological therapy aims to improve motor and sensory function in patients. Overall, drugs are divided into neuroprotective compounds, which aim to limit the damage induced by the pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic milieu of SCI, and neuroregenerative drugs, which induce neuronal and axonal regrowth. While many compounds have been trialed with promising results, none has yet completed a stage III trial and has been approved for the pharmacological management of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Baroncini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University School of Medicine, Stoke on Trent, UK.,Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Tingart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
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24
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Maldonado-Lasunción I, O’Neill N, Umland O, Verhaagen J, Oudega M. Macrophage-Derived Inflammation Induces a Transcriptome Makeover in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhancing Their Potential for Tissue Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E781. [PMID: 33466704 PMCID: PMC7828776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical and clinical studies revealed that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplants elicit tissue repair. Conditioning MSC prior to transplantation may boost their ability to support repair. We investigated macrophage-derived inflammation as a means to condition MSC by comprehensively analyzing their transcriptome and secretome. Conditioning MSC with macrophage-derived inflammation resulted in 3208 differentially expressed genes, which were annotated with significantly enriched GO terms for 1085 biological processes, 85 cellular components, and 79 molecular functions. Inflammation-mediated conditioning increased the secretion of growth factors that are key for tissue repair, including vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, nerve growth factor and glial-derived neurotrophic factor. Furthermore, we found that inflammation-mediated conditioning induces transcriptomic changes that challenge the viability and mobility of MSC. Our data support the notion that macrophage-derived inflammation stimulates MSC to augment their paracrine repair-supporting activity. The results suggest that inflammatory pre-conditioning enhances the therapeutic potential of MSC transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Maldonado-Lasunción
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Department of Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands;
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movements Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nick O’Neill
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Oliver Umland
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Department of Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands;
| | - Martin Oudega
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movements Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA
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25
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Abe Y, Ochiai D, Sato Y, Otani T, Fukutake M, Ikenoue S, Kasuga Y, Tanaka M. Amniotic fluid stem cells as a novel strategy for the treatment of fetal and neonatal neurological diseases. Placenta 2021; 104:247-252. [PMID: 33461069 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Even in the context of modern medicine, infants with fetal and neonatal neurological diseases such as cerebral palsy and myelomeningocele suffer serious long-lasting impairment due to the irreversible neuronal damage. The promotion of neurologically intact survival in patients with perinatal intractable neurological diseases requires the development of novel strategies. One promising strategy involves the use of human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs), which have attracted much attention in recent years and are known to exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. In recent years, the therapeutic effects of hAFSCs on fetal-neonatal neurological diseases have become evident as per intense research efforts by our group and others. Specifically, hAFSCs administered into the nasal cavity migrated to the brain and controlled local inflammation in a rodent model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. In contrast, hAFSCs administered intraperitoneally did not migrate to the brain; they rather formed spheroids in the abdominal cavity, resulting in the suppression of systemic inflammation (including in the brain) via the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines in concert with peritoneal macrophages in a rodent model of periventricular leukomalacia. Moreover, studies in a rat model of myelomeningocele suggested that hAFSCs administered in utero secreted hepatocyte growth factor and protected the exposed spinal cord during pregnancy. Importantly, autologous hAFSCs, whose use for fetal-neonatal treatment does not raise ethical issues, can be collected during pregnancy and prepared in sufficient numbers for therapeutic use. This article outlines the results of preclinical research on fetal stem cell therapy, mainly involving hAFSCs, in the context of perinatal neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Abe
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Ochiai
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Otani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Fukutake
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Ikenoue
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kasuga
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Silva D, Sousa R, Salgado A. Hydrogels as delivery systems for spinal cord injury regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2021; 9:100093. [PMID: 33665602 PMCID: PMC7905359 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is extremely debilitating, both at physiological and psychological levels, changing completely the patient's lifestyle. The introduction of biomaterials has opened a new window to develop a therapeutic approach to induce regeneration after injury due to similarities with extracellular matrix. Particularly, hydrogels have the ability to support axonal growth and endogenous regeneration. Moreover, they can also act as potential matrixes in which to load and deliver therapeutic agents at injury site. In this review, we highlight some important characteristics to be considered when designing hydrogels as delivery systems (DS), such as rheology, mesh size, swelling, degradation, gelation temperature and surface charge. Additionally, affinity-based release systems, incorporation of nanoparticles, or ion-mediated interactions are also pondered. Overall, hydrogel DS aim to promote a sustained, controlled and prolonged release at injury site, allowing a targeted oriented action of the therapeutic agent that will be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - R.A. Sousa
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - A.J. Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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27
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Torregrossa F, Sallì M, Grasso G. Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. World Neurosurg 2020; 140:591-601. [PMID: 32797989 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating neurologic condition with tremendous socioeconomic impact on affected individuals and the health care system. The treatment of SCI principally includes surgical treatment and marginal pharmacologic and rehabilitation therapies targeting secondary events with minor clinical improvements. This unsuccessful result mainly reflects the complexity of SCI pathophysiology and the diverse biochemical and physiologic changes that occur in the injured spinal cord. Once the nervous system is injured, cascades of cellular and molecular events are triggered at varying times. Although the cascade of tissue reactions and cell injury develops over a period of days or weeks, the most extensive cell death in SCI occurs within hours of trauma. This situation suggests that early intervention is likely to be the most promising approach to rescue the cord from further and irreversible cell damage. Over the past decades, a wealth of research has been conducted in preclinical and clinical studies with the hope to find new therapeutic strategies. Researchers have identified several targets for the development of potential therapeutic interventions (e.g., neuroprotection, replacement of cells lost, removal of inhibitory molecules, regeneration, and rehabilitation strategies to induce neuroplasticity). Most of these treatments have passed preclinical and initial clinical evaluations but have failed to be strongly conclusive in the clinical setting. This narrative review provides an update of the many therapeutic interventions after SCI, with an emphasis on the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Torregrossa
- Neurosurgical Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Sallì
- Department of Neurosensory and Motor Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grasso
- Neurosurgical Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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28
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Cheng X, Xu J, Yu Z, Xu J, Long H. LncRNA Xist Contributes to Endogenous Neurological Repair After Chronic Compressive Spinal Cord Injury by Promoting Angiogenesis Through the miR-32-5p/Notch-1 Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:744. [PMID: 32850853 PMCID: PMC7423840 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous repair after chronic compressive spinal cord injury (CCSCI) is of great clinical interest. Ischemia-hypoxia-induced angiogenesis has been proposed to play an important role during this repair process. Emerging evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathophysiological processes of various diseases. Here, we identified a lncRNA (Xist; X-inactive specific transcript) with upregulated expression in cervical spine lesions during endogenous neurological repair in CCSCI rats. Therapeutically, the introduction of Xist to rats increased neurological function in vivo as assayed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score and inclined plane test (IPT). We found that the introduction of Xist enhanced endogenous neurological repair by promoting angiogenesis and microvessel density after CCSCI, while depletion of Xist inhibited angiogenesis and cell sprouting and migration. Mechanistically, Xist promoted angiogenesis by sponging miR-32-5p and modulating Notch-1 expression both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest a role of the Xist/miR-32-5p/Notch-1 axis in endogenous repair and provide a potential molecular target for the treatment of ischemia-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengran Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghui Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Houqing Long
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Nagoshi N, Tsuji O, Kitamura K, Suda K, Maeda T, Yato Y, Abe T, Hayata D, Matsumoto M, Okano H, Nakamura M. Phase I/II Study of Intrathecal Administration of Recombinant Human Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Patients with Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial of Safety and Efficacy. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1752-1758. [PMID: 32323609 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an abrupt traumatic injury that leads to permanent functional loss, and no practical treatment is available. We have developed pharmaceutical recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor (KP-100), and its efficacy for SCI has been verified using animal models. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intrathecal KP-100 administration for SCI patients in the acute phase. This investigation was a multi-center, randomized, double-blind study. Subjects with modified Frankel grade A/B1/B2 at 72 h after SCI were included. KP-100 was administered intrathecally. Subjects were followed up for 168 days after the first administration. Outcomes were evaluated using American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scores and subjected to analysis of covariance. Our results demonstrated that the subjects did not show any serious adverse events caused by KP-100. Forty-three subjects underwent neurological function testing (26 in KP-100 group; 17 in placebo group), which revealed that KP-100 contributed to motor improvement at Days 140 (p = 0.050) and 168 (p = 0.079). In the subset of subjects with Frankel grade A, the proportions of subjects who gained at least 1 point on their lower-extremity motor scores were 33.3% (5/15) and 6.3% (1/16) in the KP-100 and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.083). Therefore, KP-100 has the potential to be useful and beneficial for SCI patients during the acute phase. However, this was a phase I/II trial and did not definitely address the question of efficacy; a larger phase III trial would be required to assess the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osahiko Tsuji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kitamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saiseikai Yokohama-shi Tobu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kota Suda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeshi Maeda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Murayama Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Abe
- Faculty of Data Science, Yokohama City University School of Data Science, Kanagawaken, Japan.,Biostatistics, Clinical and Translational Research Center, and Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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The role of hepatocyte growth factor in mesenchymal stem cell-induced recovery in spinal cord injured rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:178. [PMID: 32410702 PMCID: PMC7227078 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a promising treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI) due to the fact that they provide a favorable environment. Treatment using MSCs results in a better neurological functional improvement through the promotion of nerve cell regeneration and the modulation of inflammation. Many studies have highlighted that the beneficial effects of MSCs are more likely associated with their secreted factors. However, the identity of the factor that plays a key role in the MSC-induced neurological functional recovery following SCI as well as its molecular mechanism still remains unclear. Methods A conditioned medium (collected from the MSCs) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were used to test the effects on the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCS) in the presence of BMP4 with or without a c-Met antibody. In SCI rats, Western blot, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to investigate the biological effects of MSC-conditioned medium and HGF on nerve cell regeneration and inflammation with or without the pre-treatment using a c-Met antibody. In addition, the possible molecular mechanism (cross-talk between HGF/c-Met and the BMP/Smad 1/5/8 signaling pathway) was also detected by Western blot both in vivo and in vitro. Results The conditioned medium from bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) was able to promote the NSC differentiation into neurons in vitro and the neurite outgrowth in the scar boundary of SCI rats by inhibiting the BMP/Smad signaling pathway as well as reduces the secondary damage through the modulation of the inflammatory process. The supplementation of HGF showed similar biological effects to those of BMSC-CM, whereas a functional blocking of the c-Met antibody or HGF knockdown in BMSCs significantly reversed the functional improvement mediated by the BMSC-CM. Conclusions The MSC-associated biological effects on the recovery of SCI rats mainly depend on the secretion of HGF.
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31
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Benkhoucha M, Senoner I, Lalive PH. c-Met is expressed by highly autoreactive encephalitogenic CD8+ cells. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:68. [PMID: 32075650 PMCID: PMC7031922 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD8+ T lymphocytes are critical mediators of neuroinflammatory diseases. Understanding the mechanisms that govern the function of this T cell population is crucial to better understanding central nervous system autoimmune disease pathology. We recently identified a novel population of highly cytotoxic c-Met-expressing CD8+ T lymphocytes and found that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) limits effective murine cytotoxic T cell responses in cancer models. Here, we examined the role of c-Met-expressing CD8+ T cells by using a MOG35–55 T cell-mediated EAE model. Methods Mice were subcutaneously immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG)35–55 in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). Peripheral and CNS inflammation was evaluated at peak disease and chronic phase, and c-Met expression by CD8 was evaluated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Molecular, cellular, and killing function analysis were performed by real-time PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry, and killing assay. Results In the present study, we observed that a fraction of murine effector CD8+ T cells expressed c-Met receptor (c-Met+CD8+) in an experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) model. Phenotypic and functional analysis of c-Met+CD8+ T cells revealed that they recognize the encephalitogenic epitope myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein37–50. We demonstrated that this T cell population produces higher levels of interferon-γ and granzyme B ex vivo and that HGF directly restrains the cytolytic function of c-Met+CD8+ T cells in cell-mediated cytotoxicity reactions Conclusions Altogether, our findings suggest that the HGF/c-Met pathway could be exploited to modulate CD8+ T cell-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdia Benkhoucha
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isis Senoner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrice H Lalive
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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32
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Takei K. LOTUS as an endogenous protein converting the adult central nervous system environment from nonpermissive to permissive for axonal regrowth after brain injury. Neuropathology 2020; 40:14-20. [PMID: 31908040 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injury, such as spinal cord injury (SCI), results in severe sensory and motor deficits due to the poor regenerative capacity of the adult CNS primarily caused by a damaged CNS environment containing a large amount of axonal growth inhibitors, such as Nogo receptor-1 (NgR1), which inhibits axonal regrowth strongly after SCI, and its five ligands. Lateral olfactory tract usher substance (LOTUS), identified in the developing brain, completely antagonizes NgR1 function, promoting neuronal regeneration and functional recovery after SCI. Therefore, we hypothesized that LOTUS might be a useful natural agent for the clinical treatment of SCI in order to increase functional recovery by converting the CNS environment from nonpermissive to permissive for neuronal regeneration. Currently, we are attempting to administer LOTUS after SCI by protein injection or gene transfection. In this report, I discuss the probability of clinical application of LOTUS for future therapy of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtaro Takei
- Department of Medical Life Science, Molecular Medical Bioscience Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Chen YT, Tsai MJ, Hsieh N, Lo MJ, Lee MJ, Cheng H, Huang WC. The superiority of conditioned medium derived from rapidly expanded mesenchymal stem cells for neural repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:390. [PMID: 31842998 PMCID: PMC6916259 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex and severe neurological condition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted factors show promising potential for regenerative medicine. Many studies have investigated MSC expansion efficacy of all kinds of culture medium formulations, such as growth factor-supplemented or xeno-free medium. However, very few studies have focused on the potential of human MSC (hMSC) culture medium formulations for injured spinal cord repair. In this study, we investigated the effect of hMSC-conditioned medium supplemented with bFGF, EGF, and patient plasma, namely, neural regeneration laboratory medium (NRLM), on SCI in vitro and in vivo. Methods Commercial and patient bone marrow hMSCs were obtained for cultivation in standard medium and NRLM separately. Several characteristics, including CD marker expression, differentiation, and growth curves, were compared between MSCs cultured in standard medium and NRLM. Additionally, we investigated the effect of the conditioned medium (referred to as NRLM-CM) on neural repair, including inflammation inhibition, neurite regeneration, and spinal cord injury (SCI), and used a coculture system to detect the neural repair function of NRLM-MSCs. Results Compared to standard culture medium, NRLM-CM had superior in inflammation reduction and neurite regeneration effects in vitro and improved functional restoration in SCI rats in vivo. In comparison with standard culture medium MSCs, NRLM-MSCs proliferated faster regardless of the age of the donor. NRLM-MSCs also showed increased adipose differentiative potential and reduced CD90 expression. Both types of hMSC CM effectively enhanced injured neurite outgrowth and protected against H2O2 toxicity in spinal cord neuron cultures. Cytokine arrays performed in hMSC-CM further revealed the presence of at least 120 proteins. Among these proteins, 6 demonstrated significantly increased expression in NRLM-CM: adiponectin (Acrp30), angiogenin (ANG), HGF, NAP-2, uPAR, and IGFBP2. Conclusions The NRLM culture system provides rapid expansion effects and functional hMSCs. The superiority of the derived conditioned medium on neural repair shows potential for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Tzu Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - May-Jywan Tsai
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Nini Hsieh
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jei Lo
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jen Lee
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Henrich Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Multipotent Neurotrophic Effects of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236078. [PMID: 31810304 PMCID: PMC6928986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in neural tissue loss and so far untreatable functional impairment. In addition, at the initial injury site, inflammation induces secondary damage, and glial scar formation occurs to limit inflammation-mediated tissue damage. Consequently, it obstructs neural regeneration. Many studies have been conducted in the field of SCI; however, no satisfactory treatment has been established to date. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is one of the neurotrophic growth factors and has been listed as a candidate medicine for SCI treatment. The highlighted effects of HGF on neural regeneration are associated with its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. Moreover, HGF exerts positive effects on transplanted stem cell differentiation into neurons. This paper reviews the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of HGF in SCI recovery, and introduces recent advances in the clinical applications of HGF therapy.
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Diagnostic Cytokines and Comparative Analysis Secreted from Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth, Dental Pulp, and Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Functional Cell-Based Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235900. [PMID: 31771293 PMCID: PMC6928984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to clarify the distinctive features of stem cells for effective cell-based therapy strategies in regenerative medicine. The expression levels of cytokines secreted from stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were examined to identify the details of their characteristics. A total of 174 cytokines were analyzed using cytokine antibody array, and their expression levels were confirmed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These results indicated that 11 cytokines that were related to tissue regeneration, including growth factors, chemokines, and inflammatory cytokines, were identical in SHED, DPSCs, and BMMSCs. The comparative analyses between SHED and BMMSCs revealed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), matrix metalloproteinase-3, and stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1) were expressed 6.7-, 2.5-, and 2.1-fold higher, respectively, in SHEDs. HGF was also expressed 3.4-fold higher in DPSCs than BMMSCs. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and-3 were expressed more strongly in BMMSCs. SHED contained significantly higher SDF-1 levels than DPSCs. The distinct cytokine secretion indicated that they had different character besides basic MSC features. This knowledge of diagnostic cytokines analysis secreted from SHED, DPSCs, and BMMSCs extends our understanding, and can provide a novel therapeutic paradigm shift for functional cell-based therapy.
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Huang W, Wang C, Xie L, Wang X, Zhang L, Chen C, Jiang B. Traditional two-dimensional mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are better than spheroid MSCs on promoting retinal ganglion cells survival and axon regeneration. Exp Eye Res 2019; 185:107699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hoshino Y, Nishide K, Nagoshi N, Shibata S, Moritoki N, Kojima K, Tsuji O, Matsumoto M, Kohyama J, Nakamura M, Okano H. The adeno-associated virus rh10 vector is an effective gene transfer system for chronic spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9844. [PMID: 31285460 PMCID: PMC6614469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) remain limited due to unfavourable changes in the microenvironment. Gene therapy can overcome these barriers through continuous delivery of therapeutic gene products to the target tissue. In particular, adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are potential candidates for use in chronic SCI, considering their safety and stable gene expression in vivo. Given that different AAV serotypes display different cellular tropisms, it is extremely important to select an optimal serotype for establishing a gene transfer system during the chronic phase of SCI. Therefore, we generated multiple AAV serotypes expressing ffLuc-cp156, a fusion protein of firefly luciferase and Venus, a variant of yellow fluorescent protein with fast and efficient maturation, as a reporter, and we performed intraparenchymal injection in a chronic SCI mouse model. Among the various serotypes tested, AAVrh10 displayed the highest photon count on bioluminescence imaging. Immunohistological analysis revealed that AAVrh10 showed favourable tropism for neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Additionally, with AAVrh10, the area expressing Venus was larger in the injury epicentre and extended to the surrounding tissue. Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity was significantly higher with AAVrh10 than with the other vectors. These results indicate that AAVrh10 may be an appropriate serotype for gene delivery to the chronically injured spinal cord. This promising tool may be applied for research and development related to the treatment of chronic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hoshino
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenji Nishide
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Electron microscope laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuko Moritoki
- Electron microscope laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kota Kojima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Osahiko Tsuji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Kohyama
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Electron microscope laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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C. elegans Tensin Promotes Axon Regeneration by Linking the Met-like SVH-2 and Integrin Signaling Pathways. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5662-5672. [PMID: 31109965 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2059-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration is a conserved mechanism induced by axon injury that initiates a neuronal response leading to regrowth of the axon. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the initiation of axon regeneration is regulated by the JNK MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway. We have previously identified a number of genes affecting the JNK pathway using an RNAi-based screen. Analysis of these genes, called the svh genes, has shed new light on the regulation of axon regeneration, revealing the involvement of a signaling cascade consisting of a growth factor SVH-1 and its receptor, the tyrosine kinase SVH-2. Here, we characterize the svh-6/tns-1 gene, which is a homolog of mammalian tensin, and show that it is a positive regulator of axon regeneration in motor neurons. We demonstrate that TNS-1 interacts with tyrosine-autophosphorylated SVH-2 and the integrin β subunit PAT-3 via its SH2 and PTB domains, respectively, to promote axon regeneration. These results suggest that TNS-1 acts as an adaptor to link the SVH-2 and integrin signaling pathways.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The Caenorhabditis elegans JNK MAPK pathway regulates the initiation of axon regeneration. Previously, we showed that a signaling cascade consisting of the HGF-like growth factor SVH-1 and its Met-like receptor tyrosine kinase SVH-2 promotes axon regeneration through activation of the JNK pathway. In this study, we show that the C. elegans tensin, TNS-1, is required for efficient regeneration after axon injury. Phosphorylation of SVH-2 on tyrosine mediates its interaction with the SH2 domain of TNS-1 to positively regulate axon regeneration. Furthermore, TNS-1 interacts via its PTB domain with the integrin β subunit PAT-3. These results suggest that TNS-1 plays a critical role in the regulation of axon regeneration by linking the SVH-2 and integrin signaling pathways.
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Application of Hepatocyte Growth Factor for Acute Spinal Cord Injury: The Road from Basic Studies to Human Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051054. [PMID: 30823442 PMCID: PMC6429374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was first identified as a potent mitogen for mature hepatocytes, and has also gained attention as a strong neurotrophic factor in the central nervous system. We found that during the acute phase of spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats, c-Met, the specific receptor for HGF, increases sharply, while the endogenous HGF up-regulation is relatively weak. Introducing exogenous HGF into the spinal cord by injecting an HGF-expressing viral vector significantly increased the neuron and oligodendrocyte survival, angiogenesis, and axonal regeneration, to reduce the area of damage and to promote functional recovery in rats after SCI. Other recent studies in rodents have shown that exogenously administered HGF during the acute phase of SCI reduces astrocyte activation to decrease glial scar formation, and exerts anti-inflammatory effects to reduce leukocyte infiltration. We also reported that the intrathecal infusion of recombinant human HGF (intrathecal rhHGF) improves neurological hand function after cervical contusive SCI in the common marmoset, a non-human primate. Based on these collective results, we conducted a phase I/II clinical trial of intrathecal rhHGF for patients with acute cervical SCI who showed a modified Frankel grade of A/B1/B2 72 h after injury onset, from June 2014 to May 2018.
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40
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Guercio JR, Kralic JE, Marrotte EJ, James ML. Spinal cord injury pharmacotherapy: Current research & development and competitive commercial landscape as of 2015. J Spinal Cord Med 2019; 42:102-122. [PMID: 29485334 PMCID: PMC6340271 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2018.1439803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Current treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) focuses on cord stabilization to prevent further injury, rehabilitation, management of non-motor symptoms, and prevention of complications. Currently, no approved treatments are available, and limited treatment options exist for symptoms and complications associated with chronic SCI. This review describes the pharmacotherapy landscape in SCI from both commercial and research and development (R&D) standpoints through March 2015. METHODS Information about specific compounds has been obtained through drug pipeline monographs in the Pharmaprojects® (Citeline, Inc., New York, New York, USA) drug database (current as of a search on May 30, 2014), websites of individual companies with compounds in development for SCI (current as of March 24, 2015), and a literature search of published R&D studies to validate the Pharmaprojects® source for selected compounds (current as of March 24, 2015). RESULTS Types of studies conducted and outcomes measured in earlier phases of development are described for compounds in clinical development Currently four primary mechanisms are under investigation and may yield promising therapeutic targets: 1) neuronal regeneration; 2) neuroprotection (including anti-inflammation); 3) axonal reconnection; and 4) neuromodulation and signal enhancement. Many other compounds are no longer under investigation for SCI are mentioned; however, in most cases, the reason for terminating their development is not clear. CONCLUSION There is urgent need to develop disease-modifying therapy for SCI, yet the commercial landscape remains small and highly fragmented with a paucity of novel late-stage compounds in R&D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Guercio
- North American Partners in Anesthesiology, New Britain, Connecticuit, USA,Correspondence to: Michael L. James, MD, Associate Professor, Brain Injury Translational Research Center, Duke University DUMC 3094, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Jason E. Kralic
- Innervate BD Solutions, LLC, Hillsborough, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric J. Marrotte
- Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Translational Research Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael L. James
- Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Translational Research Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, Brain Injury Translational Research Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Correspondence to: Michael L. James, MD, Associate Professor, Brain Injury Translational Research Center, Duke University DUMC 3094, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Sowa K, Nito C, Nakajima M, Suda S, Nishiyama Y, Sakamoto Y, Nitahara-Kasahara Y, Nakamura-Takahashi A, Ueda M, Kimura K, Okada T. Impact of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Overexpressing Hepatocyte Growth Factor after Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 10:281-290. [PMID: 30151417 PMCID: PMC6108066 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has neuroprotective effects against ischemia-induced injuries. Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation attenuates tissue injury in the brain of rats with post-transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. We sought to determine whether DPSCs that overexpress HGF can enhance their therapeutic effects on brain damage post-ischemia/reperfusion injury. Treatment with DPSCs overexpressing HGF reduced infarct volumes compared to unmodified DPSC treatment at 3 and 7 days post-transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. The use of unmodified DPSCs and DPSCs overexpressing HGF was associated with improved motor function compared to that with administration of vehicle at 7 days post-transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. DPSCs overexpressing HGF significantly inhibited microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production along with suppression of neuronal degeneration. Post-reperfusion, DPSCs overexpressing HGF attenuated the decreases in tight junction proteins, maintained blood-brain barrier integrity, and increased microvessel density in peri-infarct areas. The administration of DPSCs overexpressing HGF during the acute phase of stroke increased their neuroprotective effects by modulating inflammation and blood-brain barrier permeability, thereby promoting improvements in post-ischemia/reperfusion brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Sowa
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Chikako Nito
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakajima
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suda
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.,Department of Cell and Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Aki Nakamura-Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ueda
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.,Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo 183-8524, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kimura
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.,Department of Cell and Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
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Haggerty AE, Maldonado-Lasunción I, Oudega M. Biomaterials for revascularization and immunomodulation after spinal cord injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:044105. [PMID: 29359704 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaa9d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes immediate damage to the nervous tissue accompanied by loss of motor and sensory function. The limited self-repair competence of injured nervous tissue underscores the need for reparative interventions to recover function after SCI. The vasculature of the spinal cord plays a crucial role in SCI and repair. Ruptured and sheared blood vessels in the injury epicenter and blood vessels with a breached blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) in the surrounding tissue cause bleeding and inflammation, which contribute to the overall tissue damage. The insufficient formation of new functional vasculature in and near the injury impedes endogenous tissue repair and limits the prospect of repair approaches. Limiting the loss of blood vessels, stabilizing the BSCB, and promoting the formation of new blood vessels are therapeutic targets for spinal cord repair. Inflammation is an integral part of injury-mediated vascular damage, which has deleterious and reparative consequences. Inflammation and the formation of new blood vessels are intricately interwoven. Biomaterials can be effectively used for promoting and guiding blood vessel formation or modulating the inflammatory response after SCI, thereby governing the extent of damage and the success of reparative interventions. This review deals with the vasculature after SCI, the reciprocal interactions between inflammation and blood vessel formation, and the potential of biomaterials to support revascularization and immunomodulation in damaged spinal cord nervous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes E Haggerty
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
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Collagen-Binding Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) alone or with a Gelatin- furfurylamine Hydrogel Enhances Functional Recovery in Mice after Spinal Cord Injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:917. [PMID: 29343699 PMCID: PMC5772669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) is currently a significant challenge. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a multipotent neurotrophic and neuroregenerative factor that can be beneficial for the treatment of SCI. However, immobilized HGF targeted to extracellular matrix may be more effective than diffusible, unmodified HGF. In this study, we evaluated the neurorestorative effects of an engineered HGF with a collagen biding domain (CBD-HGF). CBD-HGF remained in the spinal cord for 7 days after a single administration, while unmodified HGF was barely seen at 1 day. When a gelatin-furfurylamine (FA) hydrogel was applied on damaged spinal cord as a scaffold, CBD-HGF was retained in gelatin-FA hydrogel for 7 days, whereas HGF had faded by 1 day. A single administration of CBD-HGF enhanced recovery from spinal cord compression injury compared with HGF, as determined by motor recovery, and electrophysiological and immunohistochemical analyses. CBD-HGF alone failed to improve recovery from a complete transection injury, however CBD-HGF combined with gelatin-FA hydrogel promoted endogenous repair and recovery more effectively than HGF with hydrogel. These results suggest that engineered CBD-HGF has superior therapeutic effects than naïve HGF. CBD-HGF combined with hydrogel scaffold may be promising for the treatment of serious SCI.
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Hu C, Lu Y, Cheng X, Cui Y, Wu Z, Zhang Q. Gene therapy for neuropathic pain induced by spared nerve injury with naked plasmid encoding hepatocyte growth factor. J Gene Med 2017; 19. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Hu
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing China
- International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation; Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences; Chongqing China
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing China
| | - Yuxin Lu
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Xiaochen Cheng
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Yufang Cui
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Zuze Wu
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing China
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Hematology; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Beijing China
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Shin YK, Jang SY, Yun SH, Choi YY, Yoon BA, Jo YR, Park SY, Pak MG, Park JI, Park HT. Cooperative interaction of hepatocyte growth factor and neuregulin regulates Schwann cell migration and proliferation through Grb2-associated binder-2 in peripheral nerve repair. Glia 2017; 65:1794-1808. [PMID: 28722233 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The sequential reactive changes in Schwann cell phenotypes in transected peripheral nerves, including dedifferentiation, proliferation and migration, are essential for nerve repair. Even though the injury-induced migratory and proliferative behaviors of Schwann cells resemble epithelial and mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumors, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenotypic change of Schwann cells are still unclear. Here we show that the reactive Schwann cells exhibit migratory features dependent on the expression of a scaffolding oncoprotein Grb2-associated binder-2 (Gab2), which was transcriptionally induced by neuregulin 1-ErbB2 signaling following nerve injury. Injury-induced Gab2 expression was dependent on c-Jun, a transcription factor critical to a Schwann cell reprograming into a repair-type cell. Interestingly, the injury-induced activation (tyrosine phosphorylation) of Gab2 in Schwann cells was regulated by an EMT signal, the hepatocyte growth factor-c-Met signaling, but not by neuregulin 1. Gab2 knockout mice exhibited a deficit in nerve repair after nerve transection due to limited Schwann cell migration. Furthermore, Gab2 was required for the proliferation of Schwann cells following nerve injury and in vitro, and was over-expressed in human Schwann cell-derived tumors. In contrast, the tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab1 after nerve injury was principally regulated by the neuregulin 1-ErbB2 signaling and was indispensable for remyelination after crush injury, but not for the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells. Our findings indicate that Gab1 and Gab2 in Schwann cells are nonredundant and play a crucial role in peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Kyoung Shin
- Department of Physiology, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - So Young Jang
- Department of Physiology, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seoug Hoon Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yun Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Byeol-A Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young Rae Jo
- Department of Physiology, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Physiology, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Min Gyoung Pak
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Joo In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hwan Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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Ahuja CS, Nori S, Tetreault L, Wilson J, Kwon B, Harrop J, Choi D, Fehlings MG. Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury-Repair and Regeneration. Neurosurgery 2017; 80:S9-S22. [PMID: 28350947 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyw080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI) have devastating consequences for the physical, financial, and psychosocial well-being of patients and their caregivers. Expediently delivering interventions during the early postinjury period can have a tremendous impact on long-term functional recovery. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY This is largely due to the unique pathophysiology of SCI where the initial traumatic insult (primary injury) is followed by a progressive secondary injury cascade characterized by ischemia, proapoptotic signaling, and peripheral inflammatory cell infiltration. Over the subsequent hours, release of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic debris (DNA, ATP, reactive oxygen species) cyclically adds to the harsh postinjury microenvironment. As the lesions mature into the chronic phase, regeneration is severely impeded by the development of an astroglial-fibrous scar surrounding coalesced cystic cavities. Addressing these challenges forms the basis of current and upcoming treatments for SCI. MANAGEMENT This paper discusses the evidence-based management of a patient with SCI while emphasizing the importance of early definitive care. Key neuroprotective therapies are summarized including surgical decompression, methylprednisolone, and blood pressure augmentation. We then review exciting neuroprotective interventions on the cusp of translation such as Riluzole, Minocycline, magnesium, therapeutic hypothermia, and CSF drainage. We also explore the most promising neuroregenerative strategies in trial today including Cethrin™, anti-NOGO antibody, cell-based approaches, and bioengineered biomaterials. Each section provides a working knowledge of the key preclinical and patient trials relevant to clinicians while highlighting the pathophysiologic rationale for the therapies. CONCLUSION We conclude with our perspectives on the future of treatment and research in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Ahuja
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Genetics and Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Satoshi Nori
- Department of Genetics and Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Jefferson Wilson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Kwon
- Vancouver Spine Institute, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - James Harrop
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Choi
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London, England
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Genetics and Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Nori S, Ahuja CS, Fehlings MG. Translational Advances in the Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury: What is New? What is Hot? Neurosurgery 2017; 64:119-128. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nori
- Department of Genetics and Develop-ment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christopher S. Ahuja
- Department of Genetics and Develop-ment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Department of Genetics and Develop-ment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Ohta Y, Hamaguchi A, Ootaki M, Watanabe M, Takeba Y, Iiri T, Matsumoto N, Takenaga M. Intravenous infusion of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells improves functional recovery of rats with spinal cord injury. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:839-848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents one of the most complicated and heterogeneous pathological processes of central nervous system (CNS) impairments, which is still beyond functional regeneration. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to promote the repair of the injured spinal cord tissues in animal models, and therefore, there is much interest in the clinical use of these cells. However, many questions which are essential to improve the therapy effects remain unanswered. For instance, the functional roles and related molecular regulatory mechanisms of MSCs in vivo are not yet completely determined. It is important for transplanted cells to migrate into the injured tissue, to survive and undergo neural differentiation, or to play neural protection roles by various mechanisms after SCI. In this review, we will focus on some of the recent knowledge about the biological behavior and function of MSCs in SCI. Meanwhile, we highlight the function of biomaterials to direct the behavior of MSCs based on our series of work on silk fibroin biomaterials and attempt to emphasize combinational strategies such as tissue engineering for functional improvement of SCI.
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Nagoshi N, Okano H. Applications of induced pluripotent stem cell technologies in spinal cord injury. J Neurochem 2017; 141:848-860. [PMID: 28199003 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous basic research studies have suggested the potential efficacy of neural precursor cell (NPC) transplantation in spinal cord injury (SCI). However, in most such studies, the origin of the cells used was mainly fetal tissue or embryonic stem cells, both of which carry potential ethical concerns with respect to clinical use. The development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) opened a new path toward regenerative medicine for SCI. iPSCs can be generated from somatic cells by induction of transcription factors, and induced to differentiate into NPCs with characteristics of cells of the central nervous system. The beneficial effect of iPSC-derived NPC transplantation has been reported from our group and others working in rodent and non-human primate models. These promising results facilitate the application of iPSCs for clinical applications in SCI patients. However, iPSCs also have issues, such as genetic/epigenetic abnormalities and tumorigenesis because of the artificial induction method, that must be addressed prior to clinical use. The selection of somatic cells, generation of integration-free iPSCs, and characterization of differentiated NPCs with thorough quality management are all needed to address these potential risks. To enhance the efficacy of the transplanted iPSC-NPCs, especially at chronic phase of SCI, administration of a chondroitinase or semaphorin3A inhibitor represents a potentially important means of promoting axonal regeneration through the lesion site. The combined use of rehabilitation with such cell therapy approaches is also important, as repetitive training enhances neurite outgrowth of transplanted cells and strengthens neural circuits at central pattern generators. Our group has already evaluated clinical grade iPSC-derived NPCs, and we look forward to initiating clinical testing as the next step toward determining whether this approach is safe and effective for clinical use. This article is part of the mini review series "60th Anniversary of the Japanese Society for Neurochemistry".
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Affiliation(s)
- Narihito Nagoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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