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King H, Reiber M, Philippi V, Stirling H, Aulehner K, Bankstahl M, Bleich A, Buchecker V, Glasenapp A, Jirkof P, Miljanovic N, Schönhoff K, von Schumann L, Leenaars C, Potschka H. Anesthesia and analgesia for experimental craniotomy in mice and rats: a systematic scoping review comparing the years 2009 and 2019. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1143109. [PMID: 37207181 PMCID: PMC10188949 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1143109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental craniotomies are a common surgical procedure in neuroscience. Because inadequate analgesia appears to be a problem in animal-based research, we conducted this review and collected information on management of craniotomy-associated pain in laboratory mice and rats. A comprehensive search and screening resulted in the identification of 2235 studies, published in 2009 and 2019, describing craniotomy in mice and/or rats. While key features were extracted from all studies, detailed information was extracted from a random subset of 100 studies/year. Reporting of perioperative analgesia increased from 2009 to 2019. However, the majority of studies from both years did not report pharmacologic pain management. Moreover, reporting of multimodal treatments remained at a low level, and monotherapeutic approaches were more common. Among drug groups, reporting of pre- and postoperative administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and local anesthetics in 2019 exceeded that of 2009. In summary, these results suggest that inadequate analgesia and oligoanalgesia are persistent issues associated with experimental intracranial surgery. This underscores the need for intensified training of those working with laboratory rodents subjected to craniotomies. Systematic review registration https://osf.io/7d4qe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah King
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Reiber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Philippi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helen Stirling
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Aulehner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Bankstahl
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hanover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hanover, Germany
| | - Verena Buchecker
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aylina Glasenapp
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hanover, Germany
| | - Paulin Jirkof
- Office for Animal Welfare and 3Rs, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Miljanovic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Schönhoff
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lara von Schumann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cathalijn Leenaars
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hanover, Germany
| | - Heidrun Potschka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Heidrun Potschka,
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Malard E, Valable S, Bernaudin M, Pérès E, Chatre L. The Reactive Species Interactome in the Brain. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1176-1206. [PMID: 34498917 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Redox pioneer Helmut Sies attempted to explain reactive species' challenges faced by organelles, cells, tissues, and organs via three complementary definitions: (i) oxidative stress, that is, the disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant defense balance in favor of the prooxidants; (ii) oxidative eustress, the low physiological exposure to prooxidants; and (iii) oxidative distress, the supraphysiological exposure to prooxidants. Recent Advances: Identification, concentration, and interactions are the most important elements to improve our understanding of reactive species in physiology and pathology. In this context, the reactive species interactome (RSI) is a new multilevel redox regulatory system that identifies reactive species families, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species, and it integrates their interactions with their downstream biological targets. Critical Issues: We propose a united view to fully combine reactive species identification, oxidative eustress and distress, and the RSI system. In this view, we also propose including the forgotten reactive carbonyl species, an increasingly rediscovered reactive species family related to the other reactive families, and key enzymes within the RSI. We focus on brain physiology and pathology to demonstrate why this united view should be considered. Future Directions: More studies are needed for an improved understanding of the contributions of reactive species through their identification, concentration, and interactions, including in the brain. Appreciating the RSI in its entirety should unveil new molecular players and mechanisms in physiology and pathology in the brain and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Malard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Elodie Pérès
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Chatre
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
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Dos Santos TM, Siebert C, de Oliveira MF, Manfredini V, Wyse ATS. Chronic mild Hyperhomocysteinemia impairs energy metabolism, promotes DNA damage and induces a Nrf2 response to oxidative stress in rats brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:687-700. [PMID: 30949917 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (HCY) has been linked to oxidative stress and varied metabolic changes that are dependent on its concentration and affected tissues. In the present study we evaluate parameters of energy metabolism [succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), complex II and IV (cytochrome c oxidase), and ATP levels] and oxidative stress [DCFH oxidation, nitrite levels, antioxidant enzymes and lipid, protein and DNA damages, as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related (Nrf2) protein abundance] in amygdala and prefrontal cortex of HCY-treated rats. Wistar male rats were treated with a subcutaneous injection of HCY (0.03 µmol/g of body weight) from the 30th to 60th post-natal day, twice a day, to induce mild hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY). The rats were euthanatized without anesthesia at 12 h after the last injection, and amygdala and prefrontal cortex were dissected for biochemical analyses. In the amygdala, mild HHCY increased activities of SDH and complex II and decreased complex IV and ATP level, as well as increased antioxidant enzymes activities (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase), nitrite levels, DNA damage, and Nrf 2 protein abundance. In the prefrontal cortex, mild HHCY did not alter energy metabolism, but increased glutathione peroxidase, catalase and DNA damage. Other analyzed parameters were not altered by HCY-treatment. Our findings suggested that chronic mild HHCY changes each brain structure, particularly and specifically. These changes may be associated with the mechanisms by which chronic mild HHCY has been linked to the risk factor of fear, mood disorders and depression, as well as in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Siebert
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Micaela Federizzi de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Citologia Clínica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Caixa Postal 118, Uruguaiana, RS, 97508-000, Brazil
| | - Vanusa Manfredini
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Citologia Clínica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Caixa Postal 118, Uruguaiana, RS, 97508-000, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
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Chen C, Ma TZ, Wang LN, Wang JJ, Tu Y, Zhao ML, Zhang S, Sun HT, Li XH. Mild hypothermia facilitates the long-term survival of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus after traumatic brain injury by diminishing a pro-apoptotic microenvironment. Neuroscience 2016; 335:114-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Titus DJ, Wilson NM, Freund JE, Carballosa MM, Sikah KE, Furones C, Dietrich WD, Gurney ME, Atkins CM. Chronic Cognitive Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury Is Improved with a Phosphodiesterase 4B Inhibitor. J Neurosci 2016; 36:7095-108. [PMID: 27383587 PMCID: PMC4938858 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3212-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Learning and memory impairments are common in traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors. However, there are no effective treatments to improve TBI-induced learning and memory impairments. TBI results in decreased cAMP signaling and reduced cAMP-response-element binding protein (CREB) activation, a critical pathway involved in learning and memory. TBI also acutely upregulates phosphodiesterase 4B2 (PDE4B2), which terminates cAMP signaling by hydrolyzing cAMP. We hypothesized that a subtype-selective PDE4B inhibitor could reverse the learning deficits induced by TBI. To test this hypothesis, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received sham surgery or moderate parasagittal fluid-percussion brain injury. At 3 months postsurgery, animals were administered a selective PDE4B inhibitor or vehicle before cue and contextual fear conditioning, water maze training and a spatial working memory task. Treatment with the PDE4B inhibitor significantly reversed the TBI-induced deficits in cue and contextual fear conditioning and water maze retention. To further understand the underlying mechanisms of these memory impairments, we examined hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). TBI resulted in a significant reduction in basal synaptic transmission and impaired expression of LTP. Treatment with the PDE4B inhibitor significantly reduced the deficits in basal synaptic transmission and rescued LTP expression. The PDE4B inhibitor reduced tumor necrosis factor-α levels and increased phosphorylated CREB levels after TBI, suggesting that this drug inhibited molecular pathways in the brain known to be regulated by PDE4B. These results suggest that a subtype-selective PDE4B inhibitor is a potential therapeutic to reverse chronic learning and memory dysfunction and deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity following TBI. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Currently, there are an estimated 3.2-5.3 million individuals living with disabilities from traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the United States, and 8 of 10 of these individuals report cognitive disabilities (Thurman et al., 1999; Lew et al., 2006; Zaloshnja et al., 2008). One of the molecular mechanisms associated with chronic cognitive disabilities is impaired cAMP signaling in the hippocampus. In this study, we report that a selective phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) inhibitor reduces chronic cognitive deficits after TBI and rescues deficits in hippocampal long-term potentiation. These results suggest that PDE4B inhibition has the potential to improve learning and memory ability and overall functioning for people living with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Titus
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and
| | - Nicole M Wilson
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and
| | - Julie E Freund
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and
| | - Melissa M Carballosa
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and
| | - Kevin E Sikah
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and
| | - Concepcion Furones
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and
| | - Mark E Gurney
- Tetra Discovery Partners, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Coleen M Atkins
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and
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Turner RC, Lucke-Wold BP, Robson MJ, Lee JM, Bailes JE. Alzheimer's disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Distinct but possibly overlapping disease entities. Brain Inj 2016; 30:1279-1292. [PMID: 27715315 PMCID: PMC5303562 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1193631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) have long been recognized as sharing some similar neuropathological features, mainly the presence of neurofibrilary tangles and hyperphosphorylated tau, but have generally been described as distinct entities. Evidence indicates that neurotrauma increases the risk of developing dementia and accelerates the progression of disease. Findings are emerging that CTE and AD may be present in the same patients. CLINICAL PRESENTATION This study presents a series of previously unpublished cases, with one case demonstrating possible neurotrauma-related AD, one pure CTE, and an example of a case exhibiting features of both AD and CTE. The future significance of this work lies not only in the confirmation of AD-CTE co-existence, but, more importantly, ways of generating a hypothesis about the possibility that CTE may accelerate AD development. Understanding the relationship between neurotrauma and neurodegenerative disease will help elucidate how distinct disease entities can co-exist in the same patient. It will ultimately require the use of pre-clinical animal models and repeat injury paradigms to investigate clinically relevant injury mechanisms. These models should produce a CTE-like phenotype that must be both neuropathologically and behaviourally similar to human disease. CONCLUSION This case series and review of the literature presents a discussion of AD and CTE in the context of neurotrauma. It highlights recent work from repetitive neurotrauma models with an emphasis on those exhibiting a CTE-like phenotype. Potential mechanisms of interest shared amongst AD and CTE are briefly addressed and future experiments are advocated for to enhance understanding of CTE pathophysiology and the relationship between CTE and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Turner
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506
- Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Brandon P. Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506
- Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Matthew J. Robson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - John M. Lee
- NorthShore Neurological Institute, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL 60201
| | - Julian E. Bailes
- NorthShore Neurological Institute, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL 60201
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McKenna MC, Scafidi S, Robertson CL. Metabolic Alterations in Developing Brain After Injury: Knowns and Unknowns. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:2527-43. [PMID: 26148530 PMCID: PMC4961252 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain development is a highly orchestrated complex process. The developing brain utilizes many substrates including glucose, ketone bodies, lactate, fatty acids and amino acids for energy, cell division and the biosynthesis of nucleotides, proteins and lipids. Metabolism is crucial to provide energy for all cellular processes required for brain development and function including ATP formation, synaptogenesis, synthesis, release and uptake of neurotransmitters, maintaining ionic gradients and redox status, and myelination. The rapidly growing population of infants and children with neurodevelopmental and cognitive impairments and life-long disability resulting from developmental brain injury is a significant public health concern. Brain injury in infants and children can have devastating effects because the injury is superimposed on the high metabolic demands of the developing brain. Acute injury in the pediatric brain can derail, halt or lead to dysregulation of the complex and highly regulated normal developmental processes. This paper provides a brief review of metabolism in developing brain and alterations found clinically and in animal models of developmental brain injury. The metabolic changes observed in three major categories of injury that can result in life-long cognitive and neurological disabilities, including neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, pediatric traumatic brain injury, and brain injury secondary to prematurity are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C McKenna
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Room 13-019, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Susanna Scafidi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Courtney L Robertson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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8
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McKenna MC, Scafidi S, Robertson CL. Metabolic Alterations in Developing Brain After Injury: Knowns and Unknowns. Neurochem Res 2015. [PMID: 26148530 DOI: 10.1007/s11064‐015‐1600‐7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain development is a highly orchestrated complex process. The developing brain utilizes many substrates including glucose, ketone bodies, lactate, fatty acids and amino acids for energy, cell division and the biosynthesis of nucleotides, proteins and lipids. Metabolism is crucial to provide energy for all cellular processes required for brain development and function including ATP formation, synaptogenesis, synthesis, release and uptake of neurotransmitters, maintaining ionic gradients and redox status, and myelination. The rapidly growing population of infants and children with neurodevelopmental and cognitive impairments and life-long disability resulting from developmental brain injury is a significant public health concern. Brain injury in infants and children can have devastating effects because the injury is superimposed on the high metabolic demands of the developing brain. Acute injury in the pediatric brain can derail, halt or lead to dysregulation of the complex and highly regulated normal developmental processes. This paper provides a brief review of metabolism in developing brain and alterations found clinically and in animal models of developmental brain injury. The metabolic changes observed in three major categories of injury that can result in life-long cognitive and neurological disabilities, including neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, pediatric traumatic brain injury, and brain injury secondary to prematurity are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C McKenna
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Room 13-019, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Susanna Scafidi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Courtney L Robertson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Navarro-Yepes J, Zavala-Flores L, Anandhan A, Wang F, Skotak M, Chandra N, Li M, Pappa A, Martinez-Fong D, Del Razo LM, Quintanilla-Vega B, Franco R. Antioxidant gene therapy against neuronal cell death. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 142:206-30. [PMID: 24333264 PMCID: PMC3959583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common hallmark of neuronal cell death associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, as well as brain stroke/ischemia and traumatic brain injury. Increased accumulation of reactive species of both oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) has been implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction, energy impairment, alterations in metal homeostasis and accumulation of aggregated proteins observed in neurodegenerative disorders, which lead to the activation/modulation of cell death mechanisms that include apoptotic, necrotic and autophagic pathways. Thus, the design of novel antioxidant strategies to selectively target oxidative stress and redox imbalance might represent important therapeutic approaches against neurological disorders. This work reviews the evidence demonstrating the ability of genetically encoded antioxidant systems to selectively counteract neuronal cell loss in neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic brain damage. Because gene therapy approaches to treat inherited and acquired disorders offer many unique advantages over conventional therapeutic approaches, we discussed basic research/clinical evidence and the potential of virus-mediated gene delivery techniques for antioxidant gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Navarro-Yepes
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; Department of Toxicology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Zavala-Flores
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Annadurai Anandhan
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Maciej Skotak
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Namas Chandra
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States.
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Mendes Arent A, de Souza LF, Walz R, Dafre AL. Perspectives on molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant strategies in traumatic brain injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:723060. [PMID: 24689052 PMCID: PMC3943200 DOI: 10.1155/2014/723060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently associated with abnormal blood-brain barrier function, resulting in the release of factors that can be used as molecular biomarkers of TBI, among them GFAP, UCH-L1, S100B, and NSE. Although many experimental studies have been conducted, clinical consolidation of these biomarkers is still needed to increase the predictive power and reduce the poor outcome of TBI. Interestingly, several of these TBI biomarkers are oxidatively modified to carbonyl groups, indicating that markers of oxidative stress could be of predictive value for the selection of therapeutic strategies. Some drugs such as corticosteroids and progesterone have already been investigated in TBI neuroprotection but failed to demonstrate clinical applicability in advanced phases of the studies. Dietary antioxidants, such as curcumin, resveratrol, and sulforaphane, have been shown to attenuate TBI-induced damage in preclinical studies. These dietary antioxidants can increase antioxidant defenses via transcriptional activation of NRF2 and are also known as carbonyl scavengers, two potential mechanisms for neuroprotection. This paper reviews the relevance of redox biology in TBI, highlighting perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Mendes Arent
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Biological Sciences Centre, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of South Santa Catarina (Unisul), 88137-270 Palhoça, SC, Brazil
- Neurosurgery Service, São José Regional Hospital (HRSJ-HMG), 88103-901 São José, SC, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Biological Sciences Centre, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Roger Walz
- Applied Neurosciences Centre (CeNAp) and Department of Medical Clinics, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Alcir Luiz Dafre
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Biological Sciences Centre, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Semple BD, Blomgren K, Gimlin K, Ferriero DM, Noble-Haeusslein LJ. Brain development in rodents and humans: Identifying benchmarks of maturation and vulnerability to injury across species. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 106-107:1-16. [PMID: 23583307 PMCID: PMC3737272 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1330] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic and traumatic brain injuries are leading causes of long-term mortality and disability in infants and children. Although several preclinical models using rodents of different ages have been developed, species differences in the timing of key brain maturation events can render comparisons of vulnerability and regenerative capacities difficult to interpret. Traditional models of developmental brain injury have utilized rodents at postnatal day 7-10 as being roughly equivalent to a term human infant, based historically on the measurement of post-mortem brain weights during the 1970s. Here we will examine fundamental brain development processes that occur in both rodents and humans, to delineate a comparable time course of postnatal brain development across species. We consider the timing of neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, gliogenesis, oligodendrocyte maturation and age-dependent behaviors that coincide with developmentally regulated molecular and biochemical changes. In general, while the time scale is considerably different, the sequence of key events in brain maturation is largely consistent between humans and rodents. Further, there are distinct parallels in regional vulnerability as well as functional consequences in response to brain injuries. With a focus on developmental hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and traumatic brain injury, this review offers guidelines for researchers when considering the most appropriate rodent age for the developmental stage or process of interest to approximate human brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette D. Semple
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room HSE-722, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Silvia's Children's Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Q2:07, SE 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kayleen Gimlin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room HSE-722, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA
| | - Donna M. Ferriero
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Linda J. Noble-Haeusslein
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room HSE-722, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Omega-3 supplementation can restore glutathione levels and prevent oxidative damage caused by prenatal ethanol exposure. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:760-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Yang SR, Rahman I, Trosko JE, Kang KS. Oxidative stress-induced biomarkers for stem cell-based chemical screening. Prev Med 2012; 54 Suppl:S42-9. [PMID: 22197760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have been considered for their potential in pharmaceutical research, as well as for stem cell-based therapy for many diseases. Despite the potential for their use, the challenge remains to examine the safety and efficacy of stem cells for their use in therapies. Recently, oxidative stress has been strongly implicated in the functional regulation of cell behavior of stem cells. Therefore, development of rapid and sensitive biomarkers, related to oxidative stress is of growing importance in stem cell-based therapies for treating various diseases. Since stem cells have been implicated as targets for carcinogenesis and might be the origin of "cancer stem cells", understanding of how oxidative stress-induced signaling, known to be involved in the carcinogenic process could lead to potential screening of cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. An evaluation of antioxidant states reducing equivalents like GSH and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) generation, can be effective markers in stem cell-based therapies. In addition, oxidative adducts, such as 4-hydroxynonenal, can be reliable markers to detect cellular changes during self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. This review highlights the biomarker development to monitor oxidative stress response for stem cell-based chemical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ran Yang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Abstract
Changes in the intracellular and extracellular redox balance have been correlated with cell fate decisions in terms of proliferation versus differentiation, entering versus existing cell cycle and survival versus cell death. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been correlated with neuronal plasticity of learning and memory; however, the process is exquisitely sensitive to changes in redox balance. Cranial irradiation is an effective modality in treating brain tumours but often leads to deficits in hippocampus-related learning and memory, which is most likely due to sustained elevation of oxygen free radical production and suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis. The subcellular redox environment affecting hippocampal neurogenesis is largely unknown. Using mutant mice deficient in each one of the three superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) isoforms, we have begun to determine the consequences of SOD deficiency in hippocampal neurogenesis and the related functions of learning and memory under normal condition and following cranial irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Huang
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Care Center-GRECC, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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15
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Bregy A, Nixon R, Lotocki G, Alonso OF, Atkins CM, Tsoulfas P, Bramlett HM, Dietrich WD. Posttraumatic hypothermia increases doublecortin expressing neurons in the dentate gyrus after traumatic brain injury in the rat. Exp Neurol 2011; 233:821-8. [PMID: 22197046 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that moderate hypothermia reduces histopathological damage and improves behavioral outcome after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). Further investigations have clarified the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of hypothermia by showing that cooling reduces multiple cell injury cascades. The purpose of this study was to determine whether hypothermia could also enhance endogenous reparative processes following TBI such as neurogenesis and the replacement of lost neurons. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent moderate fluid-percussion brain injury and then were randomized into normothermia (37°C) or hypothermia (33°C) treatment. Animals received injections of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to detect mitotic cells after brain injury. After 3 or 7 days, animals were perfusion-fixed and processed for immunocytochemistry and confocal analysis. Sections were stained for markers selective for cell proliferation (BrdU), neuroblasts and immature neurons (doublecortin), and mature neurons (NeuN) and then analyzed using non-biased stereology to quantify neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG). At 7 days after TBI, both normothermic and hypothermic TBI animals demonstrated a significant increase in the number of BrdU-immunoreactive cells in the DG as compared to sham-operated controls. At 7 days post-injury, hypothermia animals had a greater number of BrdU (ipsilateral cortex) and doublecortin (ipsilateral and contralateral cortex) immunoreactive cells in the DG as compared to normothermia animals. Because adult neurogenesis following injury may be associated with enhanced functional recovery, these data demonstrate that therapeutic hypothermia sustains the increase in neurogenesis induced by TBI and this may be one of the mechanisms by which hypothermia promotes reparative strategies in the injured nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amade Bregy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Neurotrauma Research Center, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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16
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Xiong Y, Uys JD, Tew KD, Townsend DM. S-glutathionylation: from molecular mechanisms to health outcomes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:233-70. [PMID: 21235352 PMCID: PMC3110090 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis governs a number of critical cellular processes. In turn, imbalances in pathways that control oxidative and reductive conditions have been linked to a number of human disease pathologies, particularly those associated with aging. Reduced glutathione is the most prevalent biological thiol and plays a crucial role in maintaining a reduced intracellular environment. Exposure to reactive oxygen or nitrogen species is causatively linked to the disease pathologies associated with redox imbalance. In particular, reactive oxygen species can differentially oxidize certain cysteine residues in target proteins and the reversible process of S-glutathionylation may mitigate or mediate the damage. This post-translational modification adds a tripeptide and a net negative charge that can lead to distinct structural and functional changes in the target protein. Because it is reversible, S-glutathionylation has the potential to act as a biological switch and to be integral in a number of critical oxidative signaling events. The present review provides a comprehensive account of how the S-glutathionylation cycle influences protein structure/function and cellular regulatory events, and how these may impact on human diseases. By understanding the components of this cycle, there should be opportunities to intervene in stress- and aging-related pathologies, perhaps through prevention and diagnostic and therapeutic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, USA
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17
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Oxidative Stress Parameters in Different Brain Structures Following Lateral Fluid Percussion Injury in the Rat. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:913-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Atkins CM, Truettner JS, Lotocki G, Sanchez-Molano J, Kang Y, Alonso OF, Sick TJ, Dietrich WD, Bramlett HM. Post-traumatic seizure susceptibility is attenuated by hypothermia therapy. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 32:1912-20. [PMID: 21044182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major risk factor for the subsequent development of epilepsy. Currently, chronic seizures after brain injury are often poorly controlled by available antiepileptic drugs. Hypothermia treatment, a modest reduction in brain temperature, reduces inflammation, activates pro-survival signaling pathways, and improves cognitive outcome after TBI. Given the well-known effect of therapeutic hypothermia to ameliorate pathological changes in the brain after TBI, we hypothesized that hypothermia therapy may attenuate the development of post-traumatic epilepsy and some of the pathomechanisms that underlie seizure formation. To test this hypothesis, adult male Sprague Dawley rats received moderate parasagittal fluid-percussion brain injury, and were then maintained at normothermic or moderate hypothermic temperatures for 4 h. At 12 weeks after recovery, seizure susceptibility was assessed by challenging the animals with pentylenetetrazole, a GABA(A) receptor antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole elicited a significant increase in seizure frequency in TBI normothermic animals as compared with sham surgery animals and this was significantly reduced in TBI hypothermic animals. Early hypothermia treatment did not rescue chronic dentate hilar neuronal loss nor did it improve loss of doublecortin-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus post-seizures. However, mossy fiber sprouting was significantly attenuated by hypothermia therapy. These findings demonstrate that reductions in seizure susceptibility after TBI are improved with post-traumatic hypothermia and provide a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of post-traumatic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleen M Atkins
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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19
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Mitochondrial protection attenuates inflammation-induced impairment of neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo. J Neurosci 2010; 30:12242-51. [PMID: 20844120 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1752-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis has been linked to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders from chronic neurodegenerative disease to the progressive cognitive impairment of children who receive brain irradiation. Numerous studies provide evidence that inflammation downregulates neurogenesis, with multiple factors contributing to this impairment. Although mitochondria are one of the primary targets of inflammatory injury, the role of mitochondrial function in the modulation of neurogenesis remains relatively unstudied. In this study, we used neurosphere-derived cells to show that immature doublecortin (Dcx)-positive neurons are uniquely sensitive to mitochondrial inhibition, demonstrating rapid loss of mitochondrial potential and cell viability compared with glial cells and more mature neurons. Mitochondrial inhibition for 24 h produced no significant changes in astrocyte or oligodendrocyte viability, but reduced viability of mature neurons by 30%, and reduced survival of Dcx(+) cells by 60%. We demonstrate that protection of mitochondrial function with mitochondrial metabolites or the mitochondrial chaperone mtHsp75/mortalin partially reverses the inflammation-associated impairment of neurogenesis in vitro and in irradiated mice in vivo. Our findings highlight mitochondrial mechanisms involved in neurogenesis and indicate mitochondria as a potential target for protective strategies to prevent the impairment of neurogenesis by inflammation.
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20
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Selenoproteins and the aging brain. Mech Ageing Dev 2010; 131:253-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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