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Peng B, Wu XB, Zhang ZJ, Cao DL, Zhao LX, Wu H, Gao YJ. Anterior Cingulate Cortex Contributes to the Hyperlocomotion under Nitrogen Narcosis. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01278-z. [PMID: 39158823 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen narcosis is a neurological syndrome that manifests when humans or animals encounter hyperbaric nitrogen, resulting in a range of motor, emotional, and cognitive abnormalities. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is known for its significant involvement in regulating motivation, cognition, and action. However, its specific contribution to nitrogen narcosis-induced hyperlocomotion and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we report that exposure to hyperbaric nitrogen notably increased the locomotor activity of mice in a pressure-dependent manner. Concurrently, this exposure induced heightened activation among neurons in both the ACC and dorsal medial striatum (DMS). Notably, chemogenetic inhibition of ACC neurons effectively suppressed hyperlocomotion. Conversely, chemogenetic excitation lowered the hyperbaric pressure threshold required to induce hyperlocomotion. Moreover, both chemogenetic inhibition and genetic ablation of activity-dependent neurons within the ACC reduced the hyperlocomotion. Further investigation revealed that ACC neurons project to the DMS, and chemogenetic inhibition of ACC-DMS projections resulted in a reduction in hyperlocomotion. Finally, nitrogen narcosis led to an increase in local field potentials in the theta frequency band and a decrease in the alpha frequency band in both the ACC and DMS. These results collectively suggest that excitatory neurons within the ACC, along with their projections to the DMS, play a pivotal role in regulating the hyperlocomotion induced by exposure to hyperbaric nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Peng
- Medical School, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wu
- Medical School, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Medical School, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - De-Li Cao
- Medical School, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Lin-Xia Zhao
- Medical School, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Medical School, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
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Wang Z, Chen K, Wu X, Zheng P, Li A, Guo Y, Gu X, Xiao G, Xie H, Zhuang C, Cao J. Distinct neural activities of the cortical layer 2/3 across isoflurane anesthesia: A large-scale simultaneous observation of neurons. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116751. [PMID: 38754266 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Anesthesia inhibits neural activity in the brain, causing patients to lose consciousness and sensation during the surgery. Layers 2/3 of the cortex are important structures for the integration of information and consciousness, which are closely related to normal cognitive function. However, the dynamics of the large-scale population of neurons across multiple regions in layer 2/3 during anesthesia and recovery processes remains unclear. We conducted simultaneous observations and analysis of large-scale calcium signaling dynamics across multiple cortical regions within cortical layer 2/3 during isoflurane anesthesia and recovery in vivo by high-resolution wide-field microscopy. Under isoflurane-induced anesthesia, there is an overall decrease in neuronal activity across multiple regions in the cortical layer 2/3. Notably, some neurons display a paradoxical increase in activity during anesthesia. Additionally, the activity among multiple cortical regions under anesthesia was homogeneous. It is only during the recovery phase that variability emerges in the extent of increased neural activity across different cortical regions. Within the same duration of anesthesia, neural activity did not return to preanesthetic levels. To sum up, anesthesia as a dynamic alteration of brain functional networks, encompassing shifts in patterns of neural activity, homogeneousness among cortical neurons and regions, and changes in functional connectivity. Recovery from anesthesia does not entail a reversal of these effects within the same timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Kunsha Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Pengchang Zheng
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yongxin Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xingzheng Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Guihua Xiao
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - ChaoWei Zhuang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiangbei Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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Bárez-López S, Gadd GJ, Pauža AG, Murphy D, Greenwood MP. Isoflurane Rapidly Modifies Synaptic and Cytoskeletal Phosphoproteomes of the Supraoptic Nucleus of the Hypothalamus and the Cortex. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 113:1008-1023. [PMID: 37271138 DOI: 10.1159/000531352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the widespread use of general anaesthetics, the mechanisms mediating their effects are still not understood. Although suppressed in most parts of the brain, neuronal activity, as measured by FOS activation, is increased in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) by numerous general anaesthetics, and evidence points to this brain region being involved in the induction of general anaesthesia (GA) and natural sleep. Posttranslational modifications of proteins, including changes in phosphorylation, enable fast modulation of protein function which could be underlying the rapid effects of GA. In order to identify potential phosphorylation events in the brain-mediating GA effects, we have explored the phosphoproteome responses in the rat SON and compared these to cingulate cortex (CC) which displays no FOS activation in response to general anaesthetics. METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with isoflurane for 15 min. Proteins from the CC and SON were extracted and processed for nano-LC mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Phosphoproteomic determinations were performed by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS We found many changes in the phosphoproteomes of both the CC and SON in response to 15 min of isoflurane exposure. Pathway analysis indicated that proteins undergoing phosphorylation adaptations are involved in cytoskeleton remodelling and synaptic signalling events. Importantly, changes in protein phosphorylation appeared to be brain region specific suggesting that differential phosphorylation adaptations might underlie the different neuronal activity responses to GA between the CC and SON. CONCLUSION In summary, these data suggest that rapid posttranslational modifications in proteins involved in cytoskeleton remodelling and synaptic signalling events might mediate the central mechanisms mediating GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Bárez-López
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - George J Gadd
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Audrys G Pauža
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Translational Cardio-Respiratory Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael P Greenwood
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Baron M, Devor M. From molecule to oblivion: dedicated brain circuitry underlies anesthetic loss of consciousness permitting pain-free surgery. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1197304. [PMID: 37305550 PMCID: PMC10248014 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1197304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical view of how general anesthetics induce loss-of-consciousness (LOC) permitting pain-free surgery posits that anesthetic molecules, distributed throughout the CNS, suppress neural activity globally to levels at which the cerebral cortex can no longer sustain conscious experience. We support an alternative view that LOC, in the context of GABAergic anesthesia at least, results from anesthetic exposure of a small number of neurons in a focal brainstem nucleus, the mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area (MPTA). The various sub-components of anesthesia, in turn, are effected in distant locations, driven by dedicated axonal pathways. This proposal is based on the observations that microinjection of infinitesimal amounts of GABAergic agents into the MPTA, and only there, rapidly induces LOC, and that lesioning the MPTA renders animals relatively insensitive to these agents delivered systemically. Recently, using chemogenetics, we identified a subpopulation of MPTA "effector-neurons" which, when excited (not inhibited), induce anesthesia. These neurons contribute to well-defined ascending and descending axonal pathways each of which accesses a target region associated with a key anesthetic endpoint: atonia, anti-nociception, amnesia and LOC (by electroencephalographic criteria). Interestingly, the effector-neurons do not themselves express GABAA-receptors. Rather, the target receptors reside on a separate sub-population of presumed inhibitory interneurons. These are thought to excite the effectors by disinhibition, thus triggering anesthetic LOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Baron
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marshall Devor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Center for Research on Pain, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Anesthetic loss of consciousness induced by chemogenetic excitation of mesopontine effector neurons. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114169. [PMID: 35817130 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although general anesthesia is normally induced by systemic dosing, an anesthetic state can be induced in rodents by microinjecting minute quantities of GABAergic agents into the brainstem mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area (MPTA). Correspondingly, lesions to the MPTA render rats relatively insensitive to standard anesthetic doses delivered systemically. Using a chemogenetic approach we have identified and characterized a small subpopulation of neurons restricted to the MPTA which, when excited, render the animal anesthetic by sensorimotor (immobility) and electroencephalographic (EEG) criteria. These "effector-neurons" do not express GABAAδ-Rs, the likely target of GABAergic anesthetics. Rather, we report a distinct sub-population of nearby MPTA neurons which do. During anesthetic induction these likely excite the effector-neurons by disinhibition. Within the effector population ~ 70% appear to be glutamatergic, ~30% GABAergic and ~ 40% glycinergic. Most are projection neurons that send ascending or descending axons to distant targets associated with the individual functional components of general anesthesia: atonia, analgesia, amnesia, and loss-of-consciousness.
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Tomasello DL, Wlodkowic D. Noninvasive Electrophysiology: Emerging Prospects in Aquatic Neurotoxicity Testing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4788-4794. [PMID: 35196004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The significance of neurotoxicological risks associated with anthropogenic pollution is gaining increasing recognition worldwide. In this regard, perturbations in behavioral traits upon exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of neurotoxic and neuro-modulating contaminants have been linked to diminished ecological fitness of many aquatic species. Despite an increasing interest in behavioral testing in aquatic ecotoxicology there is, however, a notable gap in understanding of the neurophysiological foundations responsible for the altered behavioral phenotypes. One of the canonical approaches to explain the mechanisms of neuro-behavioral changes is functional analysis of neuronal transmission. In aquatic animals it requires, however, invasive, complex, and time-consuming electrophysiology techniques. In this perspective, we highlight emerging prospects of noninvasive, in situ electrophysiology based on multielectrode arrays (MEAs). This technology has only recently been pioneered for the detection and analysis of transient electrical signals in the central nervous system of small model organisms such as zebrafish. The analysis resembles electroencephalography (EEG) applications and provides an appealing strategy for mechanistic explorative studies as well as routine neurotoxicity risk assessment. We outline the prospective future applications and existing challenges of this emerging analytical strategy that is poised to bring new vistas for aquatic ecotoxicology such as greater mechanistic understanding of eco-neurotoxicity and thus more robust risk assessment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Tomasello
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia
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Bunik V, Aleshin V, Nogues I, Kähne T, Parroni A, Contestabile R, Salvo ML, Graf A, Tramonti A. Thiamine‐dependent regulation of mammalian brain pyridoxal kinase
in vitro
and
in vivo. J Neurochem 2022; 161:20-39. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Bunik
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University 19991 Moscow Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow 119991 Russia
- Sechenov University 119048 Moscow Russia
| | - Vasily Aleshin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University 19991 Moscow Russia
- Sechenov University 119048 Moscow Russia
| | - Isabel Nogues
- Research Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems Italian National Research Council Via Salaria Km. 29 300–00015 Monterotondo Scalo
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Institute of Exptl. Internal Medicine Otto‐von‐Guericke‐Universität Magdeburg 39120 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Alessia Parroni
- Istituto Pasteur Italia‐ Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli” Sapienza University of Rome P.le A. Moro 5 ‐ 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Roberto Contestabile
- Istituto Pasteur Italia‐ Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli” Sapienza University of Rome P.le A. Moro 5 ‐ 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Martino Luigi Salvo
- Istituto Pasteur Italia‐ Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli” Sapienza University of Rome P.le A. Moro 5 ‐ 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Anastasia Graf
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 123098 Moscow Russia
- Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University 19991 Moscow Russia
| | - Angela Tramonti
- Istituto Pasteur Italia‐ Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli” Sapienza University of Rome P.le A. Moro 5 ‐ 00185 Rome Italy
- Istitute of Molecular Biology and Pathology Italian National Research Council P.le A. Moro 5 ‐ 00185 Rome Italy
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