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Pendyala M, Stephen SJ, Vashishth D, Blaber EA, Chan DD. Loss of hyaluronan synthases impacts bone morphology, quality, and mechanical properties. Bone 2023; 172:116779. [PMID: 37100359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan, a glycosaminoglycan synthesized by three isoenzymes (Has1, Has2, Has3), is known to play a role in regulating bone turnover, remodeling, and mineralization, which in turn can affect bone quality and strength. The goal of this study is to characterize how the loss of Has1 or Has3 affects the morphology, matrix properties, and overall strength of murine bone. Femora were isolated from Has1-/-,Has3-/-, and wildtype (WT) C57Bl/6 J female mice and were analyzed using microcomputed-tomography, confocal Raman spectroscopy, three-point bending, and nanoindentation. Of the three genotypes tested, Has1-/- bones demonstrated significantly lower cross-sectional area (p = 0.0002), reduced hardness (p = 0.033), and lower mineral-to-matrix ratio (p < 0.0001). Has3-/- bones had significantly higher stiffness (p < 0.0001) and higher mineral-to-matrix ratio (p < 0.0001) but lower strength (p = 0.0014) and bone mineral density (p < 0.0001) than WT. Interestingly, loss of Has3 was also associated with significantly lower accumulation of advanced glycation end-products than WT (p = 0.0478). Taken together, these results demonstrate, for the first time, the impact of the loss of hyaluronan synthase isoforms on cortical bone structure, content, and biomechanics. Loss of Has1 impacted morphology, mineralization, and micron-level hardness, while loss of Has3 reduced bone mineral density and affected organic matrix composition, impacting whole bone mechanics. This is the first study to characterize the effect of loss of hyaluronan synthases on bone quality, suggesting an essential role hyaluronan plays during the development and regulation of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Pendyala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Samuel J Stephen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A Blaber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Blue Marble Space Institute of Science at NASA Ames Research Center, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States of America
| | - Deva D Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8(th) St. Troy, NY 12180, United States of America; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America.
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Kim J, Seki E. Hyaluronan in liver fibrosis: basic mechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic targets. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0083. [PMID: 36930869 PMCID: PMC10027054 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), also known as hyaluronic acid, is a glycosaminoglycan that is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Production and deposition of ECM is a wound-healing response that occurs during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis. ECM production is a sign of the disease progression of fibrosis. Indeed, the accumulation of HA in the liver and elevated serum HA levels are used as biomarkers of cirrhosis. However, recent studies also suggest that the ECM, and HA in particular, as a functional signaling molecule, facilitates disease progression and regulation. The systemic and local levels of HA are regulated by de novo synthesis, cleavage, endocytosis, and degradation of HA, and the molecular mass of HA influences its pathophysiological effects. However, the regulatory mechanisms of HA synthesis and catabolism and the functional role of HA are still poorly understood in liver fibrosis. This review summarizes the role of HA in liver fibrosis at molecular levels as well as its clinical implications and discusses the potential therapeutic uses of targeting HA in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Štěpánková K, Mareková D, Kubášová K, Sedláček R, Turnovcová K, Vacková I, Kubinová Š, Makovický P, Petrovičová M, Kwok JCF, Jendelová P, Machová Urdzíková L. 4-Methylumbeliferone Treatment at a Dose of 1.2 g/kg/Day Is Safe for Long-Term Usage in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3799. [PMID: 36835210 PMCID: PMC9959083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) has been suggested as a potential therapeutic agent for a wide range of neurological diseases. The current study aimed to evaluate the physiological changes and potential side effects after 10 weeks of 4MU treatment at a dose of 1.2 g/kg/day in healthy rats, and after 2 months of a wash-out period. Our findings revealed downregulation of hyaluronan (HA) and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans throughout the body, significantly increased bile acids in blood samples in weeks 4 and 7 of the 4MU treatment, as well as increased blood sugars and proteins a few weeks after 4MU administration, and significantly increased interleukins IL10, IL12p70 and IFN gamma after 10 weeks of 4MU treatment. These effects, however, were reversed and no significant difference was observed between control treated and 4MU-treated animals after a 9-week wash-out period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Štěpánková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Mareková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Kubášová
- Department of Mechanics, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Sedláček
- Department of Mechanics, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Turnovcová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Vacková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Kubinová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Makovický
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, J. Seyle University, SK-94501 Komarno, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Petrovičová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jessica C. F. Kwok
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pavla Jendelová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Machová Urdzíková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic
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Plaas AHK, Moran MM, Sandy JD, Hascall VC. Aggrecan and Hyaluronan: The Infamous Cartilage Polyelectrolytes - Then and Now. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1402:3-29. [PMID: 37052843 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25588-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Cartilages are unique in the family of connective tissues in that they contain a high concentration of the glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate attached to the core protein of the proteoglycan, aggrecan. Multiple aggrecan molecules are organized in the extracellular matrix via a domain-specific molecular interaction with hyaluronan and a link protein, and these high molecular weight aggregates are immobilized within the collagen and glycoprotein network. The high negative charge density of glycosaminoglycans provides hydrophilicity, high osmotic swelling pressure and conformational flexibility, which together function to absorb fluctuations in biomechanical stresses on cartilage during movement of an articular joint. We have summarized information on the history and current knowledge obtained by biochemical and genetic approaches, on cell-mediated regulation of aggrecan metabolism and its role in skeletal development, growth as well as during the development of joint disease. In addition, we describe the pathways for hyaluronan metabolism, with particular focus on the role as a "metabolic rheostat" during chondrocyte responses in cartilage remodeling in growth and disease.Future advances in effective therapeutic targeting of cartilage loss during osteoarthritic diseases of the joint as an organ as well as in cartilage tissue engineering would benefit from 'big data' approaches and bioinformatics, to uncover novel feed-forward and feed-back mechanisms for regulating transcription and translation of genes and their integration into cell-specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H K Plaas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meghan M Moran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D Sandy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Pellegrino R, Di Iorio A, Brindisino F, Paolucci T, Moretti A, Iolascon G. Effectiveness of combined extracorporeal shock-wave therapy and hyaluronic acid injections for patients with shoulder pain due to rotator cuff tendinopathy: a person-centered approach with a focus on gender differences to treatment response. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:863. [PMID: 36109717 PMCID: PMC9479346 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy is a common shoulder pain condition. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and hyaluronic acid peritendinous injection are viable treatment options for RC tendinopathy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the response in two different therapeutic rehabilitative approaches, the combined treatment ESWT plus hyaluronic acid injections (E + Hy) compared to ESWT alone (ESWT-al), in a cohort of patients with RC tendinopathy according to gender differences. Methods This is a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of patients with painful RC tendinopathy. Patients that had received a clinical evaluation, a shoulder ultra sound examination, as well as the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) questionnaire, and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain at baseline, 1-month (T1) and 2-month follow-ups (T2) were included. Results Medical records of 53 patients were analyzed. In the comparison between baseline to T1 and similarly from baseline to T2, a statistically significant reduction has been reported in the NRS (p < 0.001) and in the SPADI (p < 0.001) in the entire study group. At T1, patients in the E + Hy compared to ESWT-al group, showed a slight but statistically significant reductions in both NRS and SPADI score, while these changes were more evident at T2 (p < 0.001). Interestingly, a gender dimorphism in NRS and in SPADI was found, with female patients that apparently responded better to the combined E + Hy compared to ESWT-al approach. Conclusion This retrospective cohort study suggests that the combination of ESWT plus HyA injections seems to be more effective than ESWT alone in RC tendinopathy in both genders. Moreover, in ESWT alone treatment, male patients reported better outcomes compared to females. However, further randomized controlled trials should be structured to confirm and enforce these conclusions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05819-3.
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Cross-Linked Hyaluronate and Corticosteroid Combination Ameliorate the Rat Experimental Tendinopathy through Anti-Senescent and -Apoptotic Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179760. [PMID: 36077161 PMCID: PMC9456262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of cross-linked hyaluronate (cHA) and corticosteroid showed more rapid pain or functional improvement in knee osteoarthritis and adhesive capsulitis. However, rare evidence of this combination in treating tendinopathy has been reported. We hypothesized that the specific formulations of cHA and dexamethasone (DEX) conferred amelioration of tendinopathy via anti-apoptosis and anti-senescence. In this controlled laboratory study, primary tenocytes from the human tendinopathic long head of biceps were treated with three cHA formulations (cHA:linealized HA = 80:20, 50:50, and 20:80) + DEX with or without IL-1β stimulation. Cell viability, inflammatory cytokines, tendon-related proliferation markers, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), senescent markers, and apoptosis were examined. The in vivo therapeutic effects of the selected cHA + DEX combinations were evaluated in a collagenase-induced rat patellar tendinopathy model. The expression levels of inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, MMP-1, and MMP-3 were significantly reduced in all cHA + DEX-treated tenocytes (p < 0.05, all). The cHA (50:50) + DEX and cHA (20:80) + DEX combinations protected tenocytes from cytotoxicity, senescence, and apoptosis induced by DEX in either IL-1β stimulation or none. Furthermore, the two combinations significantly improved the rat experimental tendinopathy by reducing ultrasound feature scores and histological scores as well as the levels of apoptosis, senescence, and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (p < 0.05, all). We identified two specific cHA formulations (cHA (50:50) and cHA (20:80)) + DEX that could ameliorate tendinopathy through anti-senescence and -apoptosis without cytotoxicity. This study provides a possible approach to treating tendinopathy using the combination of two well-known agents.
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Zakusilo FT, Kerry O’Banion M, Gelbard HA, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. Matters of size: Roles of hyaluronan in CNS aging and disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101485. [PMID: 34634492 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in aging and age-related neurodegeneration is not well understood. The role of hyaluronan (HA), a major extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan, in malignancy and inflammation is gaining new understanding. In particular, the differential biological effects of high molecular weight (HMW-HA) and low molecular weight hyaluronan (LMW-HA), and the mechanism behind such differences are being uncovered. Tightly regulated in the brain, HA can have diverse effects on cellular development, growth and degeneration. In this review, we summarize the homeostasis and signaling of HA in healthy tissue, discuss its distribution and ontogeny in the central nervous system (CNS), summarize evidence for its involvement in age-related neurodegeneration and Alzheimer Disease (AD), and assess the potential of HA as a therapeutic target in the CNS.
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The Impact of Hyaluronic Acid on Tendon Physiology and Its Clinical Application in Tendinopathies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113081. [PMID: 34831304 PMCID: PMC8625461 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The physical-chemical, structural, hydrodynamic, and biological properties of hyaluronic acid within tendons are still poorly investigated. Medical history and clinical applications of hyaluronic acid for tendinopathies are still debated. In general, the properties of hyaluronic acid depend on several factors including molecular weight. Several preclinical and clinical experiences show a good efficacy and safety profile of hyaluronic acid, despite the absence of consensus in the literature regarding the classification according to molecular weight. In in vitro and preclinical studies, hyaluronic acid has shown physical-chemical properties, such as biocompatibility, mucoadhesivity, hygroscopicity, and viscoelasticity, useful to contribute to tendon healing. Additionally, in clinical studies, hyaluronic acid has been used with promising results in different tendinopathies. In this narrative review, findings encourage the clinical application of HA in tendinopathies such as rotator cuff, epicondylitis, Achilles, and patellar tendinopathy.
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Fasanello DC, Su J, Deng S, Yin R, Colville MJ, Berenson JM, Kelly CM, Freer H, Rollins A, Wagner B, Rivas F, Hall AR, Rahbar E, DeAngelis PL, Paszek MJ, Reesink HL. Hyaluronic acid synthesis, degradation, and crosslinking in equine osteoarthritis: TNF-α-TSG-6-mediated HC-HA formation. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:218. [PMID: 34416923 PMCID: PMC8377964 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNF-α-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) protein, a TNF-α-responsive hyaladherin, possesses enzymatic activity that can catalyze covalent crosslinks of the polysaccharide hyaluronic acid (HA) to another protein to form heavy chain-hyaluronic acid (HC-HA) complexes in pathological conditions such as osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we examined HA synthase and inflammatory gene expression; synovial fluid HA, TNF-α, and viscosity; and TSG-6-mediated HC-HA complex formation in an equine OA model. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the TNF-α-TSG-6-HC-HA signaling pathway across multiple joint tissues, including synovial membrane, cartilage, and synovial fluid, and (2) determine the impact of OA on synovial fluid composition and biophysical properties. METHODS HA and inflammatory cytokine concentrations (TNF-α, IL-1β, CCL2, 3, 5, and 11) were analyzed in synovial fluid from 63 OA and 25 control joints, and HA synthase (HAS1-3), TSG-6, and hyaluronan-degrading enzyme (HYAL2, HEXA) gene expression was measured in synovial membrane and cartilage. HA molecular weight (MW) distributions were determined using agarose gel electrophoresis and solid-state nanopore measurements, and HC-HA complex formation was detected via immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. SEC-MALS was used to evaluate TSG-6-mediated HA crosslinking, and synovial fluid and HA solution viscosities were analyzed using multiple particle-tracking microrheology and microfluidic measurements, respectively. RESULTS TNF-α concentrations were greater in OA synovial fluid, and TSG6 expression was upregulated in OA synovial membrane and cartilage. TSG-6-mediated HC-HA complex formation was greater in OA synovial fluid and tissues than controls, and HC-HA was localized to both synovial membrane and superficial zone chondrocytes in OA joints. SEC-MALS demonstrated macromolecular aggregation of low MW HA in the presence of TSG-6 and inter-α-inhibitor with concurrent increases in viscosity. CONCLUSIONS Synovial fluid TNF-α concentrations, synovial membrane and cartilage TSG6 gene expression, and HC-HA complex formation were increased in equine OA. Despite the ability of TSG-6 to induce macromolecular aggregation of low MW HA with resultant increases in the viscosity of low MW HA solutions in vitro, HA concentration was the primary determinant of synovial fluid viscosity rather than HA MW or HC-HA crosslinking. The TNF-α-TSG-6-HC-HA pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Fasanello
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Siyu Deng
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Rose Yin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Marshall J. Colville
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Joshua M. Berenson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Carolyn M. Kelly
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Heather Freer
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Alicia Rollins
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Bettina Wagner
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Felipe Rivas
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Adam R. Hall
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Elaheh Rahbar
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Paul L. DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Matthew J. Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Heidi L. Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
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Chen CG, Iozzo RV. Angiostatic cues from the matrix: Endothelial cell autophagy meets hyaluronan biology. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16797-16812. [PMID: 33020183 PMCID: PMC7864073 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.014391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix encompasses a reservoir of bioactive macromolecules that modulates a cornucopia of biological functions. A prominent body of work posits matrix constituents as master regulators of autophagy and angiogenesis and provides molecular insight into how these two processes are coordinated. Here, we review current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying hyaluronan and HAS2 regulation and the role of soluble proteoglycan in affecting autophagy and angiogenesis. Specifically, we assess the role of proteoglycan-evoked autophagy in regulating angiogenesis via the HAS2-hyaluronan axis and ATG9A, a novel HAS2 binding partner. We discuss extracellular hyaluronan biology and the post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications that regulate its main synthesizer, HAS2. We highlight the emerging group of proteoglycans that utilize outside-in signaling to modulate autophagy and angiogenesis in cancer microenvironments and thoroughly review the most up-to-date understanding of endorepellin signaling in vascular endothelia, providing insight into the temporal complexities involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G Chen
- Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Rezvani SN, Chen J, Li J, Midura R, Cali V, Sandy JD, Plaas A, Wang VM. In-Vivo Efficacy of Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) Injection for Accelerated Healing of Murine Retrocalcaneal Bursitis and Tendinopathy. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:59-69. [PMID: 31478241 PMCID: PMC6917826 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of aggrecan/hyaluronan (HA)-rich matrix within the tendon body and surrounding peritenon impede tendon healing and result in compromised biomechanical properties. Hence, the development of novel strategies to achieve targeted removal of the aggrecan-HA pericellular matrix may be effective in treating tendinopathy. The current study examined the therapeutic potential of a recombinant human hyaluronidase, rHuPH20 (FDA approved for reducing HA accumulation in tumors) for treating murine Achilles tendinopathy. The 12-week-old C57Bl/6 male mice were injected with two doses of rHuTGF-β1 into the retrocalcaneal bursa (RCB) to induce a combined bursitis and tendinopathy. Twenty-four hours following induction of injury, treatment groups were administered rHuPH20 Hyaluronidase (rHuPH20; Halozyme Therapeutics) into the RCB. At either 6 h (acute), 9 days, or 25 days following hyaluronidase treatment, Achilles tendons were analyzed for gene expression, histology and immunohistochemistry, fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis, and biomechanical properties. The rHuPH20 treatment was effective, particularly at the acute and 9-day time points, in (a) removing HA deposits from the Achilles tendon and surrounding tissues, (b) improving biomechanical properties of the healing tendon, and (c) eliciting targeted increases in expression of specific cell fate, extracellular matrix metabolism, and inflammatory genes. The potential of rHuPH20 to effectively clear the pro-inflammatory, HA-rich matrix within the RCB and tendon strongly supports the future refinement of injectable glycosidase preparations as potential treatments to protect or regenerate tendon tissue by reducing inflammation and scarring in the presence of bursitis or other inducers of damage such as mechanical overuse. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:59-69, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah N. Rezvani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA)
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University (Chicago, IL)
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University (Chicago, IL)
| | - Ron Midura
- Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation (Cleveland, Ohio)
| | - Valbona Cali
- Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation (Cleveland, Ohio)
| | - John D. Sandy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University (Chicago, IL)
| | - Anna Plaas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University (Chicago, IL)
| | - Vincent M. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA)
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12
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Kurtaliaj I, Golman M, Abraham AC, Thomopoulos S. Biomechanical Testing of Murine Tendons. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31680671 DOI: 10.3791/60280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon disorders are common, affect people of all ages, and are often debilitating. Standard treatments, such as anti-inflammatory drugs, rehabilitation, and surgical repair, often fail. In order to define tendon function and demonstrate efficacy of new treatments, the mechanical properties of tendons from animal models must be accurately determined. Murine animal models are now widely used to study tendon disorders and evaluate novel treatments for tendinopathies; however, determining the mechanical properties of mouse tendons has been challenging. In this study, a new system was developed for tendon mechanical testing that includes 3D-printed fixtures that exactly match the anatomies of the humerus and calcaneus to mechanically test supraspinatus tendons and Achilles tendons, respectively. These fixtures were developed using 3D reconstructions of native bone anatomy, solid modeling, and additive manufacturing. The new approach eliminated artifactual gripping failures (e.g., failure at the growth plate failure rather than in the tendon), decreased overall testing time, and increased reproducibility. Furthermore, this new method is readily adaptable for testing other murine tendons and tendons from other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iden Kurtaliaj
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University
| | - Mikhail Golman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University
| | | | - Stavros Thomopoulos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University;
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Hyaluronan biology: A complex balancing act of structure, function, location and context. Matrix Biol 2019; 78-79:1-10. [PMID: 30802498 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-matrix interactions are fundamental to many developmental, homeostatic, immune and pathologic processes. Hyaluronan (HA), a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that regulates normal structural integrity and development, also regulates tissue responses during injury, repair, and regeneration. Though simple in its primary structure, HA regulates biological responses in a highly complex manner with balanced contributions from its molecular size and concentration, synthesis versus enzymatic and/or oxidative-nitrative fragmentation, interactions with key HA binding proteins and cell associated receptors, and its cell context-specific signaling. This review highlights the different, but inter-related factors that dictate the biological activity of HA and introduces the overarching themes that weave throughout this special issue of Matrix Biology on hyaluronan.
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