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Wang M, Wang S, Zhang C, Ma M, Yan B, Hu X, Shao T, Piao Y, Jin L, Gao J. Microstructure Formation and Characterization of Long-Acting Injectable Microspheres: The Gateway to Fully Controlled Drug Release Pattern. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1571-1595. [PMID: 38406600 PMCID: PMC10888034 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s445269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-acting injectable microspheres have been on the market for more than three decades, but if calculated on the brand name, only 12 products have been approved by the FDA due to numerous challenges in achieving a fully controllable drug release pattern. Recently, more and more researches on the critical factors that determine the release kinetics of microspheres shifted from evaluating the typical physicochemical properties to exploring the microstructure. The microstructure of microspheres mainly includes the spatial distribution and the dispersed state of drug, PLGA and pores, which has been considered as one of the most important characteristics of microspheres, especially when comparative characterization of the microstructure (Q3) has been recommended by the FDA for the bioequivalence assessment. This review extracted the main variables affecting the microstructure formation from microsphere formulation compositions and preparation processes and highlighted the latest advances in microstructure characterization techniques. The further understanding of the microsphere microstructure has significant reference value for the development of long-acting injectable microspheres, particularly for the development of the generic microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changhao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain of Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bohua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinming Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain of Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain of Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Piao
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain of Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain of Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, People’s Republic of China
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In Vivo Safety and Efficacy of Chalcone-Loaded Microparticles with Modified Polymeric Matrix against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010051. [PMID: 36678680 PMCID: PMC9864040 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current chemotherapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is based on repeated systemic or intralesional administration of drugs that often cause severe toxicity. Previously, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential of biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (MPs) loaded with 8% of the nitrochalcone CH8 (CH8/PLGA) prepared by a conventional bench method. Aiming at an industrially scalable process and increased drug loading, new MPs were prepared by spray drying: CH8/PDE with PLGA matrix and CH8/PVDE with PLGA + polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) matrix, both with narrower size distribution and higher drug loading (18%) than CH8/PLGA. Animal studies were conducted to evaluate their clinical feasibility. Both MP types induced transient local swelling and inflammation, peaking at 1−2 days, following a single intralesional injection. Different from CH8/PDE that released 90% of the drug in the ear tissue in 60 days, CH8/PVDE achieved that in 30 days. The therapeutic efficacy of a single intralesional injection was evaluated in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and golden hamsters infected with L. (Viannia) braziliensis. CH8/PVDE promoted greater reduction in parasite burden than CH8/PDE or CH8/PLGA, measured at one month and two months after the treatment. Thus, addition of PVP to PLGA MP matrix accelerates drug release in vivo and increases its therapeutic effect against CL.
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Li X, Zhang Z, Harris A, Yang L. Bridging the gap between fundamental research and product development of long acting injectable PLGA microspheres. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1247-1264. [PMID: 35863759 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2105317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long acting Injectable PLGA microspheres have gained more and more interest and attention in the field of life cycle management of pharmaceutical products due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. So far, a multitude of trial-and-error experiments at lab scale have been used for establishing the correlation relationship between critical process parameters, critical material attributes and critical quality attributes. However, few published studies have elaborated on the development of PLGA microspheres from an industrial perspective. AREAS COVERED In this review, the scale-up feasibility of translational technologies of PLGA microspheres manufacturing have been evaluated. Additionally, state-of-the-art of technologies and facilities in PLGA development have been summarized. Meanwhile, the industrial knowledge matrix of PLGA microspheres development and research are establishing which provide comprehensive insight for understanding properties of PLGA microspheres as controlled/sustained release vehicle. EXPERT OPINION There is still big gap between fundamental research in academic institute and product development in pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the difference and connection between them should be identified gradually for better understanding of PLGA microspheres development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Ferring Product Development China, Global R&D life cycle management department, Ferring Pharmaceuticals (Asia) Company Limited, Beijing China
| | - Zhanpeng Zhang
- Ferring Product Development China, Global R&D life cycle management department, Ferring Pharmaceuticals (Asia) Company Limited, Beijing China
| | - Alan Harris
- Global R&D life cycle management department, Ferring International Center SA, St-Prex, Switzerland
| | - Lin Yang
- Ferring Product Development China, Global R&D life cycle management department, Ferring Pharmaceuticals (Asia) Company Limited, Beijing China
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Multicomponent Droplet Drying Modeling Based on Conservation and Population Balance Equations. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2033-2047. [PMID: 35386014 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to present a modeling tool to describe drying kinetics and delineate evolving physical and chemical behavior of multicomponent droplets during drying. Conservation equations coupled with population balance equations (PBE) are used to achieve this goal. Modeling results are gauged with single salt-water droplet drying from literature and show congruent trends. This model is then extended to a more complex system: various droplet sizes containing methanol (solvent), Felodipine (active ingredient), and PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone as excipient). The FIB-SEM (Focused-Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy) imaging results from spray-dried particles produced with similar formulation and processing conditions are consistent with phase behavior predicted by the model. The results show competing impacts of transport phenomena on the intermittent shell formation process and final particle structure and chemical heterogeneity. Solute diffusion, solvent efflux, and intra-drop flow impact the model system. It is found that shell formation follows a fluctuating profile where the initial precipitation of the dissolved species on the droplet surface is dampened, and nucleated particles become dispersed periodically until the shell becomes strong enough to withstand internal circulations. These internal effects are dependent on droplet size and are pronounced for larger droplets. That is, the particle phase behavior and physical nature are functions of the atomized droplet size. Stemming understating from this study would inform an optimized unit, operating in target design space. This would provide better product quality control and minimize discrepancies observed in process development during the early phase vs. commercial scale.
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Schenck L, Boyce C, Frank D, Koranne S, Ferguson HM, Strotman N. Hierarchical Particle Approach for Co-Precipitated Amorphous Solid Dispersions for Use in Preclinical In Vivo Studies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071034. [PMID: 34371726 PMCID: PMC8308979 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) have become a well-established strategy to improve exposure for compounds with insufficient aqueous solubility. Of methods to generate ASDs, spray drying is a leading route due to its relative simplicity, availability of equipment, and commercial scale capacity. However, the broader industry adoption of spray drying has revealed potential limitations, including the inability to process compounds with low solubility in volatile solvents, inconsistent molecular uniformity of spray dried amorphous dispersions, variable physical properties across batches and scales, and challenges containing potent compounds. In contrast, generating ASDs via co-precipitation to yield co-precipitated amorphous dispersions (cPAD) offers solutions to many of those challenges and has been shown to achieve ASDs comparable to those manufactured via spray drying. This manuscript applies co-precipitation for early safety studies, developing a streamlined process to achieve material suitable for dosing as a suspension in conventional toxicity studies. Development targets involved achieving a rapid, safely contained process for generating ASDs with high recovery yields. Furthermore, a hierarchical particle approach was used to generate composite particles where the cPAD material is incorporated in a matrix of water-soluble excipients to allow for rapid re-dispersibility in the safety study vehicle to achieve a uniform suspension for consistent dosing. Adopting such an approach yielded a co-precipitated amorphous dispersion with comparable stability, thermal properties, and in vivo pharmacokinetics to spray dried amorphous materials of the same composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Schenck
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (D.F.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher Boyce
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (C.B.); (H.M.F.)
| | - Derek Frank
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (D.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Sampada Koranne
- Preformulation, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA;
| | - Heidi M. Ferguson
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (C.B.); (H.M.F.)
| | - Neil Strotman
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (D.F.); (N.S.)
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Jimenez J, Washington MA, Resnick JL, Nischal KK, Fedorchak MV. A sustained release cysteamine microsphere/thermoresponsive gel eyedrop for corneal cystinosis improves drug stability. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:2224-2238. [PMID: 33543397 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cystinosis is a rare, metabolic, recessive genetic disease in which the intralysosomal accumulation of cystine leads to system wide organ and tissue damage. In the eye, cystine accumulates in the cornea as corneal cystine crystals and severely impacts vision. Corneal cystine crystals are treated with cysteamine eyedrops when administrated 6 to 12 times day and used within 1 week. The strict dosing regimen and poor stability are inconvenient and add to the burden of therapy. To reduce the dosing frequency and improve the stability, we present reformulation of cysteamine into a novel controlled release eyedrop. In this work, we characterize and evaluate a topical drug delivery system comprised of encapsulated cysteamine in polymer microspheres with a thermoresponsive gel carrier. Spray-dried encapsulation of cysteamine was performed. In vitro cysteamine release, stability, and ocular irritation and corneal permeation were evaluated. The data suggest that encapsulated cysteamine improves the stability to 7 weeks when compared with 1-week aqueous cysteamine eyedrops. Release studies from one drop of our system show that cysteamine release was present for 24 h and above the minimum cysteamine eyedrop amount (6 drops). Cysteamine from our system also resulted in negligible irritation and enhanced permeation when compared with traditional cysteamine eyedrops. In vivo studies were implemented to support ease of administration, tolerability, and retention for 24 h. These studies suggest that our controlled release delivery system may provide stable cysteamine from a safe, once daily gel eyedrop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Jimenez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Michael A Washington
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jayde L Resnick
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ken K Nischal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Morgan V Fedorchak
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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Synergistic and antagonistic effects of various amphiphilic polymer combinations in enhancing griseofulvin release from ternary amorphous solid dispersions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 150:105354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zhang C, Yang L, Wan F, Bera H, Cun D, Rantanen J, Yang M. Quality by design thinking in the development of long-acting injectable PLGA/PLA-based microspheres for peptide and protein drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119441. [PMID: 32442645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adopting the Quality by Design (QbD) approach in the drug development process has transformed from "nice-to-do" into a crucial and required part of the development, ensuring the quality of pharmaceutical products throughout their whole life cycles. This review is discussing the implementation of the QbD thinking into the production of long-acting injectable (LAI) PLGA/PLA-based microspheres for the therapeutic peptide and protein drug delivery. Various key elements of the QbD approaches are initially elaborated using Bydureon®, a commercial product of LAI PLGA/PLA-based microspheres, as a classical example. Subsequently, the factors influencing the release patterns and the stability of the peptide and protein drugs are discussed. This is followed by a summary of the state-of-the-art of manufacturing LAI PLGA/PLA-based microspheres and the related critical process parameters (CPPs). Finally, a landscape of generic product development of LAI PLGA/PLA-based microspheres is reviewed including some major challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Yang
- CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology (Shijiazhuang) Company, Ltd, Huanghe Road 226, 050035 Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hriday Bera
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Chauhan R, Balgemann R, Greb C, Nunn BM, Ueda S, Noma H, McDonald K, Kaplan HJ, Tamiya S, O'Toole MG. Production of dasatinib encapsulated spray-dried poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Panizzon GP, Giacomini Bueno F, Ueda-Nakamura T, Nakamura CV, Dias Filho BP. Manufacturing Different Types of Solid Dispersions of BCS Class IV Polyphenol (Daidzein) by Spray Drying: Formulation and Bioavailability. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E492. [PMID: 31557831 PMCID: PMC6835336 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Daidzein (DZ) is a polyphenolic compound belonging to Biopharmaceutical Classification System class IV, which shows that it may have limited therapeutic effects due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability. This study aimed to obtain high-purity DZ and prepare and characterize different types of solid dispersions (SDs) in order to enhance aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Excipients were investigated in order to manufacture different types of solid dispersions (SDs). Second-generation solid dispersions (SG), third-generation solid dispersions (TG), and second- and third-generation pH-modulated solid dispersions (SD and TG pHM-SD) were produced via spray drying. The SDs were characterized and tested for in vitro DZ release and oral bioavailability. SDs have shown increased aqueous solubility and in vitro release rate. Solid-state characterization showed that DZ was in an amorphous state in most of the formulations. The enhanced aqueous solubility of TG-pHM SD was reflected by an increase in oral bioavailability, which significantly increased the maximum plasma concentration approximately 20-fold and decreased the time to reach the maximum plasma concentration. The production of pHM SDs that contain DZ via spray drying is a simple and effective approach for oral drug delivery, which has the potential to greatly reduce the dose and enhance therapeutics effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gean Pier Panizzon
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Drugs and Cosmetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Giacomini Bueno
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel 85819-110, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Tânia Ueda-Nakamura
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Drugs and Cosmetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Drugs and Cosmetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Benedito Prado Dias Filho
- Post-graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Drugs and Cosmetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
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11
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Wu JH, Wang XJ, Li SJ, Ying XY, Hu JB, Xu XL, Kang XQ, You J, Du YZ. Preparation of Ethyl Cellulose Microspheres for Sustained Release of Sodium Bicarbonate. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:556-568. [PMID: 31531041 PMCID: PMC6706755 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sustained release of thermal-instable and water-soluble drugs with low molecule weight is a challenge. In this study, sodium bicarbonate was encapsulated in ethyl cellulose microspheres by a novel solid-in-oil-in-oil (S/O/O) emulsification method using acetonitrile/soybean oil as new solvent pairs. Properties of the microspheres such as size, recovery rate, morphology, drug content, and drug release behavior were evaluated to investigate the suitable preparation techniques. In the case of that the ratio of the internal and external oil phase was 1: 9, Tween 80 as a stabilizer resulted in the highest drug content (2.68%) and a good spherical shape of microspheres. After the ratio increased to 1: 4, the microspheres using Tween 80 as the stabilizer also had high drug content (1.96%) and exhibited a sustained release behavior, with 70% of drug released within 12 h and a sustained release of more than 40 h. Otherwise, different emulsification temperatures at which acetonitrile was evaporated could influence the drug release behaviour of microspheres obtained. This novel method is a potential and effective method to achieve the encapsulation and the sustained release of thermal-instable and water-soluble drugs with low molecule weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shu-Juan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ying Ying
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jing-Bo Hu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xu-Qi Kang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jian You
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
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Schenck L, Koynov A, Cote A. Particle engineering at the drug substance, drug product interface: a comprehensive platform approach to enabling continuous drug substance to drug product processing with differentiated material properties. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:521-531. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1562467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Schenck
- Chemical Engineering R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Athanas Koynov
- Preclinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Aaron Cote
- Chemical Engineering R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
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13
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Schenck L, Mann AKP, Liu Z, Milewski M, Zhang S, Ren J, Dewitt K, Hermans A, Cote A. Building a better particle: Leveraging physicochemical understanding of amorphous solid dispersions and a hierarchical particle approach for improved delivery at high drug loadings. Int J Pharm 2019; 559:147-155. [PMID: 30654058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions are a promising option for managing compounds with poor aqueous solubility. However, for compounds with high melting points, thermal stability limitations, or poor solubility in volatile solvents, conventional routes of hot melt extrusion or spray drying may not be viable. Co-precipitated amorphous dispersions (cPAD) can provide a solution. For the material studied in this paper, the cPAD material that was seemingly identical to spray dried material in terms of being single phase amorphous (as measured by DSC and XRD ) but showed slower dissolution behavior. It was identified that physical properties of the cPAD material could be improved to enhance wettability and improve dissolution performance. This was achieved by incorporating the cPAD material into a matrix of water soluble excipients generated via evaporative isolation routes. Importantly, this approach appears to offer another route to further increase the drug load in final dosage units and is significant as increased drug loading generally results in slower or incomplete release. Results showed successful proof of concept via in vitro biorelevant dissolution and confirmatory canine pharmacokinetic studies yielding comparable exposure for capsules comprised of conventional spray dried material as well as capsules with elevated drug load comprised of cPAD hierarchical particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Schenck
- Particle Engineering Labs, Chemical Engineering R&D, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Amanda K P Mann
- Department of Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Preformulation, Pharmaceutical Sciences Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Mikolaj Milewski
- Biopharmaceutics and Specialty Dosage Forms, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Siwei Zhang
- MMC, Process Research and Design, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Jie Ren
- OFST, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Kristel Dewitt
- Department of Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Andre Hermans
- Department of Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Aaron Cote
- Technology Labs, Chemical Engineering R&D, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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14
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Lee PW, Pokorski JK. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) devices: Production and applications for sustained protein delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 10:e1516. [PMID: 29536634 PMCID: PMC6136991 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Injectable or implantable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) devices for the sustained delivery of proteins have been widely studied and utilized to overcome the necessity of repeated administrations for therapeutic proteins due to poor pharmacokinetic profiles of macromolecular therapies. These devices can come in the form of microparticles, implants, or patches depending on the disease state and route of administration. Furthermore, the release rate can be tuned from weeks to months by controlling the polymer composition, geometry of the device, or introducing additives during device fabrication. Slow-release devices have become a very powerful tool for modern medicine. Production of these devices has initially focused on emulsion-based methods, relying on phase separation to encapsulate proteins within polymeric microparticles. Process parameters and the effect of additives have been thoroughly researched to ensure protein stability during device manufacturing and to control the release profile. Continuous fluidic production methods have also been utilized to create protein-laden PLGA devices through spray drying and electrospray production. Thermal processing of PLGA with solid proteins is an emerging production method that allows for continuous, high-throughput manufacturing of PLGA/protein devices. Overall, polymeric materials for protein delivery remain an emerging field of research for the creation of single administration treatments for a wide variety of disease. This review describes, in detail, methods to make PLGA devices, comparing traditional emulsion-based methods to emerging methods to fabricate protein-laden devices. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Peptide-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker W. Lee
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Penke B, Bogár F, Crul T, Sántha M, Tóth ME, Vígh L. Heat Shock Proteins and Autophagy Pathways in Neuroprotection: from Molecular Bases to Pharmacological Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E325. [PMID: 29361800 PMCID: PMC5796267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases are all characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates (amyloids) into inclusions and/or plaques. The ubiquitous presence of amyloids in NDDs suggests the involvement of disturbed protein homeostasis (proteostasis) in the underlying pathomechanisms. This review summarizes specific mechanisms that maintain proteostasis, including molecular chaperons, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD), and different autophagic pathways (chaperon mediated-, micro-, and macro-autophagy). The role of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in cellular quality control and degradation of pathogenic proteins is reviewed. Finally, putative therapeutic strategies for efficient removal of cytotoxic proteins from neurons and design of new therapeutic targets against the progression of NDDs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Penke
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm Square 8, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Bogár
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm Square 8, Hungary.
- MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm Square 8, Hungary.
| | - Tim Crul
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Sántha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.
| | - Melinda E Tóth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.
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Davis M, Walker G. Recent strategies in spray drying for the enhanced bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. J Control Release 2017; 269:110-127. [PMID: 29117503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Poorly water-soluble drugs are a significant and ongoing issue for the pharmaceutical industry. An overview of recent developments for the preparation of spray-dried delivery systems is presented. Examples include amorphous solid dispersions, spray dried dispersions, microparticles, nanoparticles, surfactant systems and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. Several aspects of formulation are considered, such as pre-screening, choosing excipient(s), the effect of polymer structure on performance, formulation optimisation, ternary dispersions, fixed-dose combinations, solvent selection and component miscibility. Process optimisation techniques including nozzle selection are discussed. Comparisons are drawn with other preparation techniques such as hot melt extrusion, freeze drying, milling, electro spinning and film casting. Novel analytical and dissolution techniques for the characterization of amorphous solid dispersions are included. Progress in understanding of amorphous supersaturation or recrystallisation from solution gathered from mechanistic studies is discussed. Aspects of powder flow and compression are considered in a section on downstream processing. Overall, spray drying has a bright future due to its versatility, efficiency and the driving force of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Davis
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Gavin Walker
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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17
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Leelakanok N, Geary S, Salem A. Fabrication and Use of Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-Based Formulations Designed for Modified Release of 5-Fluorouracil. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:513-528. [PMID: 29045885 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent that has been used for the treatment of a variety of malignancies since its initial introduction to the clinic in 1957. Owing to its short biological half-life, multiple dosings are generally required to maintain effective 5-FU plasma concentrations throughout the therapeutic period. Clinical studies have shown that continuous 5-FU administration is generally superior to bolus injection as exhibited by lower toxicities and increased therapeutic efficacy. Optimal therapeutic efficacy, however, is often compromised by the limiting therapeutic index. Whilst oral formulations are also used, these suffer from the drawbacks of variable bioavailability and first-pass metabolism. As a result, sustained release formulations of 5-FU have been investigated in an effort to mimic the kinetics of continuous infusion particularly for situations where local delivery is considered appropriate. The biocompatible, biodegradable, and highly tunable synthetic polymer, poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), is widely used as a vector for sustained drug delivery, however, issues such as insufficient loading and inappropriate burst release kinetics have dogged progress into the clinic for small hydrophilic drugs such as 5-FU. This review provides introductory information about the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties, and clinical use of 5-FU that have contributed to the development of PLGA-based 5-FU release platforms. In addition, this review provides information on fabrication methods used for a range of 5-FU-loaded PLGA formulations and discusses factors affecting the release kinetics of 5-FU as well as the in vitro and in vivo antitumor or antiproliferative efficacy of these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawut Leelakanok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Sean Geary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Aliasger Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, Iowa 52242.
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Dual release behavior of atorvastatin and alpha-lipoic acid from PLGA microspheres for the combination therapy in peripheral nerve injury. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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19
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Dereymaker A, Scurr DJ, Steer ED, Roberts CJ, Van den Mooter G. Controlling the Release of Indomethacin from Glass Solutions Layered with a Rate Controlling Membrane Using Fluid-Bed Processing. Part 1: Surface and Cross-Sectional Chemical Analysis. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:959-973. [PMID: 28206770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluid bed coating has been shown to be a suitable manufacturing technique to formulate poorly soluble drugs in glass solutions. Layering inert carriers with a drug-polymer mixture enables these beads to be immediately filled into capsules, thus avoiding additional, potentially destabilizing, downstream processing. In this study, fluid bed coating is proposed for the production of controlled release dosage forms of glass solutions by applying a second, rate controlling membrane on top of the glass solution. Adding a second coating layer adds to the physical and chemical complexity of the drug delivery system, so a thorough understanding of the physical structure and phase behavior of the different coating layers is needed. This study aimed to investigate the surface and cross-sectional characteristics (employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS)) of an indomethacin-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) glass solution, top-coated with a release rate controlling membrane consisting of either ethyl cellulose or Eudragit RL. The implications of the addition of a pore former (PVP) and the coating medium (ethanol or water) were also considered. In addition, polymer miscibility and the phase analysis of the underlying glass solution were investigated. Significant differences in surface and cross-sectional topography of the different rate controlling membranes or the way they are applied (solution vs dispersion) were observed. These observations can be linked to the polymer miscibility differences. The presence of PVP was observed in all rate controlling membranes, even if it is not part of the coating solution. This could be attributed to residual powder presence in the coating chamber. The distribution of PVP among the sample surfaces depends on the concentration and the rate controlling polymer used. Differences can again be linked to polymer miscibility. Finally, it was shown that the underlying glass solution layer remains amorphous after coating of the rate controlling membrane, whether formed from an ethanol solution or an aqueous dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Dereymaker
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven , Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David J Scurr
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth D Steer
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Clive J Roberts
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven , Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49, Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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New Perspectives for Fixed Dose Combinations of Poorly Water-Soluble Compounds: a Case Study with Ezetimibe and Lovastatin. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1259-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Design of PLGA-based depot delivery systems for biopharmaceuticals prepared by spray drying. Int J Pharm 2016; 498:82-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Nalawade P, Gajjar A. Optimization of Astaxanthin microencapsulation in hydrophilic carriers using response surface methodology. Arch Pharm Res 2015:10.1007/s12272-015-0693-5. [PMID: 26670178 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (3, 3'-dihydroxy-β, β-carotene-4, 4'-dione; AST) belongs to class of xanthophylls and is very effective antioxidant. It has very poor aqueous solubility resulting in lower bioavailability which presents major concerns in product development for oral use. AST was microencapsulated with soluble polymers using spray drying to improve its solubility and bioavailability. Quality by Design (QbD), a widely used approach for prediction of quality for desired specifications and effects was applied Design of Experiments (DOE), a useful component of QbD was utilized to understand the effect of variables and their interactions. Different formulation variables like ratio of hydrophilic carriers, concentration of solubilizers and homogenizer speed were challenged in the experimental design during the process of microencapsulation. The optimized formulation showed consistent release rate and characterization was done by DSC, XRD and SEM study. Percent cell growth inhibition was increased in optimized formulation as compared to plain AST. This QbD study can form a basis for further development of poorly water soluble AST formulation by oral route with improved bioavailability on larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Nalawade
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India.
| | - Anuradha Gajjar
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, CHARUSAT, Changa, Petlad, Anand, Gujarat, 388421, India
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