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Peçanha ER, Sabadini E. Urea as hydrogelator of surfactants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:1015-1021. [PMID: 38759592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The formation of adducts via urea interaction with distinct classes of surfactants (cationic, anionic, nonionic, and zwitterionic), leading to their assembly into lamellar structures and subsequent formation of hydrogels. The characteristics of these hydrogels are associated with both, the length of the alkyl chain, and the specific head group of the surfactant molecules. EXPERIMENTS Characterization of adduct formation was conducted using Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS), while Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) was employed to probe the subsequent assembly into lamellar structures. The kinetics of hydrogel formation were assessed through rheological measurements and observed thermal transitions utilizing Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). FINDINGS The investigation revealed a universal propensity for hydrogel formation across all surfactant classes. The formation arises from the interactions between urea molecules via hydrogen bonding, forming adducts around the surfactant chains. In sequence, the adducts self-assemble in lamellae. This process constructs the intricate three-dimensional network characteristic of the hydrogel. Furthermore, the kinetics of hydrogel formation, and their rheological properties under equilibrated conditions, were found to be significantly influenced by the nature of the polar head group of the surfactant molecules. This is the first evidence on the formation of adducts of urea with classes of surfactants. As they are common components in cosmetic, supramolecular hydrogels have high potential to be used in formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaynne Rohem Peçanha
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. BOX 6154, 13084-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Edvaldo Sabadini
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. BOX 6154, 13084-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Dai K, Wu J, Liu X, Wang S, Liu Y, Li H, Wang H. Inclusion complex of quercetin with sulfobutylether β-cyclodextrin: preparation, characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activities and the inclusion mechanism. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9472-9481. [PMID: 38516163 PMCID: PMC10951979 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08936c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (QCT) has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anticardiovascular and antiaging effects. However, its poor water solubility, stability and bioavailability limit its applications. The special structure of cyclodextrins and their derivatives with a hydrophobic inner cavity and hydrophilic outer wall can load a variety of hydrophobic drugs of a suitable size and shape, thereby improving the stability and solubility of these molecules. In this study, an inclusion complex of quercetin and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin was prepared. It was characterized via FT-IR, UV, 1H NMR, XRD, DSC, and SEM analysis, which revealed the successful formation of the inclusion complex. In vitro biological activity estimations were carried out and the results indicated that the inclusion complex displayed higher antioxidative and antibacterial properties compared with free QCT. In addition, the mechanisms of inclusion were explored using 1H NMR analysis and docking calculations, thus providing a theoretical basis for obtaining an inclusion complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunkun Dai
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Xinyang Liu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Suilou Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Yihang Liu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Hehe Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Alcoholic Beverages Quality and Safety of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Haixiang Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
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3
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Commey KL, Nakatake A, Enaka A, Nakamura R, Nishi K, Tsukigawa K, Ikeda H, Yamaguchi K, Iohara D, Hirayama F, Yamasaki K, Otagiri M. Study of the Structural Chemistry of the Inclusion Complexation of 4-Phenylbutyrate and Related Compounds with Cyclodextrins in Solution: Differences in Inclusion Mode with Cavity Size Dependency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15091. [PMID: 37894771 PMCID: PMC10606765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
4-phenylbutyrate (PB) and structurally related compounds hold promise for treating many diseases, including cancers. However, pharmaceutical limitations, such as an unpleasant taste or poor aqueous solubility, impede their evaluation and clinical use. This study explores cyclodextrin (CD) complexation as a strategy to address these limitations. The structural chemistry of the CD complexes of these compounds was analyzed using phase solubility, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques, and molecular modeling to inform the choice of CD for such application. The study revealed that PB and its shorter-chain derivative form 1:1 αCD complexes, while the longer-chain derivatives form 1:2 (guest:host) complexes. αCD includes the alkyl chain of the shorter-chain compounds, depositing the phenyl ring around its secondary rim, whereas two αCD molecules sandwich the phenyl ring in a secondary-to-secondary rim orientation for the longer-chain derivatives. βCD includes each compound to form 1:1 complexes, with their alkyl chains bent to varying degrees within the CD cavity. γCD includes two molecules of each compound to form 2:1 complexes, with both parallel and antiparallel orientations plausible. The study found that αCD is more suitable for overcoming the pharmaceutical drawbacks of PB and its shorter-chain derivative, while βCD is better for the longer-chain derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kindness L. Commey
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Akari Nakatake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Airi Enaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Ryota Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
| | - Koji Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsukigawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;
| | - Koki Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Hirayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; (K.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.E.); (R.N.); (K.N.); (K.T.); (K.Y.); (D.I.); (F.H.)
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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Ravindran Maniam MM, Loong YH, Samsudin H. Understanding the Formation of β‐cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes and their use in Active Packaging Systems. STARCH-STARKE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ye Heng Loong
- Food Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Penang Malaysia
| | - Hayati Samsudin
- Food Technology Division School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM Penang Malaysia
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Guo Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ma H. Energetic host–guest inclusion compounds: an effective design paradigm for high-energy materials. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00171c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the stringent requirements of performance, safety, and cost for the development of new energetic materials (EMs), the synthesis of host–guest inclusion compounds is an attractive way to fully exploit the application potential of existing EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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6
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Yu J, Castada HZ, Huang X, Barringer SA. Comparison of encapsulation of garlic oil with α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin using Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Hardy Z. Castada
- Department of Food Science and Technology; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
| | - Xuesong Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Sheryl A. Barringer
- Department of Food Science and Technology; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
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7
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Li S, Shen J, Tonelli AE. Self-assembled complexation of urea with poly (methyl methacrylate): A potential method for small molecule encapsulation in PMMA. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Li H, Langer EM, Kegler P, Modolo G, Alekseev EV. Formation of Open Framework Uranium Germanates: The Influence of Mixed Molten Flux and Charge Density Dependence in U-Silicate and U-Germanate Families. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:11201-11216. [PMID: 30125085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seven novel open-framework uranyl germanates, K2(UO2)GeO4, K6(UO2)3Ge8O22, α-Cs2(UO2)Ge2O6, β-Cs2(UO2)Ge2O6, Cs2(UO2)GeO4, and A(UO2)3(Ge2O7)2 (A = [NaK6Cl]6+, [Na2Cs6Cl2]6+), were grown from different mixed molten fluxes. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of K2(UO2)GeO4 with 8-ring channels can be built upon [UGe4] pentamer secondary building units (SBUs). The 3D framework of K6(UO2)3Ge8O22 with trapezoid (Ge8O22)12- clusters consists of two types of [UGe4] pentamers. The 3D framework of α-Cs2(UO2)Ge2O6 with 10-ring channels, crystallizing in the P21/ n space group, is constructed by [UGe4] pentamers. The structure of β-Cs2(UO2)Ge2O6 contains achter (eight) single germanate chains and is composed of [UGe6] heptamers and [UGe4] pentamers. The structure of Cs2(UO2)GeO4 with hexagonal 10-ring channels is composed of [U3Ge4] heptamers and twisting five-fold GeO4 tetrahedra in four-membered Ge4O12 rings occur. 3D frameworks of NaK6Cl(UO2)3(Ge2O7)2 (space group Pnnm) and Na2Cs6Cl2(UO2)3(Ge2O7)2 ( P21/ c) can be constructed from the same SBUs [UGe4] pentamers. Thermal stability of salt-inclusions was studied by TG and PXRD analysis. Analysis of charge density for the U-Si-O system indicates that the polymerization of silicate units reduces the cross-links of the 3D frameworks. The concept of SBUs combined with the cutting and gluing strategy was applied to understand and analyze the distinct 8-, 10-, 12-, and 14- membered channels for the uranyl germanate family. The charge density of all known 3D U-Si/Ge-O frameworks has been investigated, which shows strong correlations with chemical composition of corresponding phases. The increase of Si/O (Ge/O) ratios in silicate units results in the decrease of negative charge density. Moreover, the charge density increases with decreasing countercation size within the same Si/O ratio. The correlations can be used to predict inclusion phase formation within U-Si/Ge-O families. Raman spectra of the studied uranyl germanates were measured, and bands were assigned on the basis of structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Li
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-6) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52428 Jülich , Germany
| | - Eike M Langer
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-6) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52428 Jülich , Germany
| | - Philip Kegler
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-6) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52428 Jülich , Germany
| | - Giuseppe Modolo
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-6) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52428 Jülich , Germany
| | - Evgeny V Alekseev
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-6) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52428 Jülich , Germany.,Institut für Kristallographie , RWTH Aachen University , 52066 Aachen , Germany
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9
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Recharla N, Riaz M, Ko S, Park S. Novel technologies to enhance solubility of food-derived bioactive compounds: A review. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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10
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Dhall M, Madan AK. Comparison of cyclodextrins and urea as hosts for inclusion of drugs. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-017-0748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Loftsson T. Drug solubilization by complexation. Int J Pharm 2017; 531:276-280. [PMID: 28842309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drugs must possess some solubility in water to be therapeutically effective after oral or topical administration to the eye, and drugs must be soluble to be formulated as aqueous solutions for, for example, parenteral delivery. A variety of methods can be applied to enhance aqueous solubility of poorly soluble drugs one of which is the usage of solubilizing complexing agents. There are numerous types of complexes and some are more water-soluble than others. Coordination complexes consist of drugs that act as complexing agents (i.e. ligands) and metal ions (i.e. substrates). Examples of coordination complexes are some water-soluble tetracycline-metal ion complexes. Organic molecular complexes can consist of a small substrate (i.e. the drug) and a small (e.g., caffeine) or a large (e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone) ligand. In inclusion complexes the substrate is partly or completely enveloped by the complexing agent (e.g., cyclodextrin). Finally, pharmacosomes are drug-phospholipid complexes that can not only enhance aqueous solubility of poorly soluble drugs but also their solubility in organic solvents. This is a mini-review of solubilizing complexing agents that are or can be used in pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsteinn Loftsson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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12
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Periasamy R, Kothainayaki S, Sivakumar K. Encapsulation of dicinnamalacetone in β-cyclodextrin: A physicochemical evaluation and molecular modeling approach on 1:2 inclusion complex. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2016.1201750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Steep improvement in dissolution profile of ezetimibe through co-inclusion in urea. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-016-0236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Saunders LK, Nowell H, Raithby PR, Wilson CC. Crystal engineering urea organic acid hydrogen bonded networks with solvent inclusion properties. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00872k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eleven structurally similar materials based on hydrogen bonded networks of N-phenylurea and 5-nitroisophthalic acid have been engineered where nine have interesting solvent inclusion and guest release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy K. Saunders
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath, UK
- Diamond Light Source
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
| | - Harriott Nowell
- Diamond Light Source
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
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15
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Dhall M, Madan AK. Simultaneous improvement in dissolution profile and content uniformity of lafutidine through co-inclusion in urea. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-015-0493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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17
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Studies on urea co-inclusion complexes of simvastatin for improvement of pharmaceutical characteristics. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-014-0439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Cyclodextrins. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_22-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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19
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Hydrophobic nanocarriers embedded in a novel dual-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/chitosan/(β-cyclodextrin) nanohydrogel. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-013-0256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Thakral NK, Ray AR, Jacobsen J, Bar-Shalom D, Eriksson AH, Majumdar DK. Colon targeting of fluticasone propionate inclusion complex: a novel approach in inflammatory bowel disease. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-012-0159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Saint Martin S, Marre S, Guionneau P, Cansell F, Renouard J, Marchetto V, Aymonier C. Host-Guest Inclusion Compound from Nitramine Crystals Exposed to Condensed Carbon Dioxide. Chemistry 2010; 16:13473-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Marques HMC. A review on cyclodextrin encapsulation of essential oils and volatiles. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thakral S, Madan AK. Urea inclusion compounds of enalapril maleate for the improvement of pharmaceutical characteristics. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:1501-7. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.11.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Urea is a well known adductor for linear organic compounds. In the present study, enalapril maleate, a substituted cyclic organic compound, was successfully included in urea together with a suitable rapidly adductible endocyte (RAE). Formation of the urea inclusion compound was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The modified Zimmerschied calorimetric method was used to estimate the minimum amount of RAE required for adduction of enalapril maleate in urea. Urea-enalapril maleate-RAE inclusion compounds containing varying proportions of guests were prepared and their thermal behaviour studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Regression analysis revealed an excellent r2 value with regard to the influence of the relative proportion of RAE on the heat of decomposition. The inclusion compounds were found to exhibit good content uniformity and improved dissolution profile as demonstrated by increased dissolution efficiency. Studies revealed that urea inclusion may be a promising alternative for the formulation of potent poorly soluble drugs into immediate release products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A K Madan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak 124-001, India
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Thakral S, Madan AK. Urea co-inclusion compounds of 13 cis-retinoic acid for simultaneous improvement of dissolution profile, photostability and safe handling characteristics. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 60:823-32. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.7.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
13-cis Retinoic acid (cis-RA), a synthetic retinoid used in the treatment of severe acne, is known to exhibit extremely low aqueous solubility and high photosensitivity. In this study, urea, a well-known adductor for linear compounds, was successfully employed for the adduction of cis-RA — a substituted cyclic organic compound. Formation of urea inclusion compounds was confirmed by FTIR, DSC and XRD. A modified Zimmerschied calorimetric method was employed for the estimation of the minimum amount of rapidly adductible endocyte (RAE) required for adduction of cis-RA in urea. Urea–cis-RA-RAE inclusion compounds containing varying proportions of guests were prepared and their thermal behaviour studied by DSC. The inclusion compounds were found to have an improved dissolution profile as demonstrated by an overall increase in the dissolution efficiency. An accelerated photostability study, conducted as per Q1B ICH guidelines, revealed that co-inclusion of cis-RA in urea delayed photo-degradation of the drug when compared with that of the pure drug. The results suggest the possibility of exploiting co-inclusion of the drug in a urea host lattice for improved solubility, stability and reduced handling problems for cis-RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A K Madan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M. D. University, Rohtak 124-001, India
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Shukla J, Sharma U, Kar R, Varma IK, Juyal S, Jagannathan NR, Bandopadhyaya GP. Tamoxifen–2-hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin-aggregated nanoassembly for nonbreast estrogen-receptor-positive cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2009; 4:895-902. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.09.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tamoxifen (Tam) is used for the treatment and prevention of estrogen-receptor-positive human breast and other cancers. Its use in ovarian cancer has not been well studied. Method: We formulated and characterized a water-soluble Tam–2-hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD; 1:2 M) complex. Results: The differential scanning calorimetery of Tam–HPβCD indicated the transition of Tam from crystalline to amorphous form on addition of HPβCD. 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance nuclear overhauser effect cross-peaks between phenyl moieties of Tam and HPβCD, and downfield shifts in H-3 (0.26) and H-5 (0.29) protons of HPβCD suggested the inclusion of Tam in HPβCD cavity. Transmission-electron microscopy studies of HPβCD and the Tam–HPβCD complex revealed the formation of aggregated nanoassembly at 60–180 nm. Dimethyl thiazol diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay demonstrated 7.37 ± 2.32% cell survival of OAW-42 cells with 3 µg/ml Tam concentration. Conclusion: The Tam–HPβCD nanoassembly entered the cell owing to enhanced permeability and retention property of tumor cell and antiestrogenic Tam and, therefore, resulted in excellent anticancer efficacy in the ovarian cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Shukla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Uma Sharma
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Indira Kumari Varma
- Center for Polymer Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sanjay Juyal
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Guru P Bandopadhyaya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Topological models for the prediction of host: guest ratio of urea inclusion compounds. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-009-9583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Reduction in Moisture Sensitivity/Uptake of Moisture Sensitive Drugs Through Adduction in Urea. J Pharm Innov 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-008-9045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Shangraw RF, Pande GS, Gala P. Characterization of the tableting properties of β-cyclodextrin and the effects of processing variables on inclusion complex formation, compactibility and dissolution. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049209046334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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30
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Ann HJ, Kim KM, Choi JS, Kim CK. Effects of Cyclodextrin Derivatives on Bioavailability of Ketoprofen. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049709146143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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El Gindy NA, Shalaby AA, Abd Bl-Khalek MM. Dissolution of Nalidixic Acid Solid Dispersions: Systems of NAL-Inclusion and Linear Polymeric Compounds. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639048309042841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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32
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Rekhi GS, Porter SC, Jambhekar SS. Factors Affecting the Release of Propranolol Hydrochloride from Beads Coated with Aqueous Polymeric Dispersions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049509048136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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33
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Numanoğlu U, Şen T, Tarimci N, Kartal M, Koo OMY, Önyüksel H. Use of cyclodextrins as a cosmetic delivery system for fragrance materials: linalool and benzyl acetate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:E85. [PMID: 18181546 DOI: 10.1208/pt0804085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to increase the stability and water solubility of fragrance materials, to provide controlled release of these compounds, and to convert these substances from liquid to powder form by preparing their inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins (CDs). For this purpose, linalool and benzyl acetate were chosen as the fragrance materials. The use of beta-cyclodextrin (beta CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (2-HP beta CD) for increasing the solubility of these 2 fragrance materials was studied. Linalool and benzyl acetate gave a B-type diagram with beta CD, whereas they gave an A(L)-type diagram with 2-HP beta CD. Therefore, complexes of fragrance materials with 2-HP beta CD at 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios (guest:host) were prepared. The formation of inclusion complexes was confirmed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The results of the solubility studies showed that preparing the inclusion complex with 2-HP beta CD at a 1:1 molar ratio increased the solubility of linalool 5.9-fold and that of benzyl acetate 4.2-fold, whereas the complexes at a 1:2 molar ratio increased the solubility 6.4- and 4.5-fold for linalool and benzyl acetate, respectively. The stability and in vitro release studies were performed on the gel formulations prepared using uncomplexed fragrance materials or inclusion complexes of fragrance materials at a 1:1 molar ratio. It was observed that the volatility of both fragrance materials was decreased by preparing the inclusion complexes with 2-HP beta CD. Also, in vitro release data indicated that controlled release of fragrances could be possible if inclusion complexes were prepared.
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Urea co-inclusion compounds of glipizide for the improvement of dissolution profile. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-007-9368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Thakral S, Madan AK. Adduction of amiloride hydrochloride in urea through a modified technique for the dissolution enhancement. J Pharm Sci 2007; 97:1191-201. [PMID: 17688282 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amiloride hydrochloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic since it favors sodium excretion and potassium reabsorption. In the present study, urea, a well-known adductor for linear compounds was successfully employed for inclusion of amiloride hydrochloride-a substituted cyclic organic compound through a modified technique. Formation of urea inclusion compounds was confirmed by FTIR, DSC and XRD. The minimum amount of rapidly adductible endocyte (RAE) required for adduction of amiloride hydrochloride in urea was estimated by a modified Zimmerschied calorimetric method. Urea-AH-RAE inclusion compounds containing varying proportions of guests were prepared and their thermal behavior studied by DSC. The inclusion compounds were also found to exhibit high content uniformity and markedly improved dissolution profile as demonstrated by increased dissolution efficiency. Studies reveal the possibility of exploiting co-inclusion of the drug in urea host lattice for the dissolution enhancement.
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37
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38
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Thakral S, Madan AK. Topological models for prediction of adductability of substituted cyclic organic compounds in urea. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-006-9160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Hatzi P, Mourtas S, Klepetsanis PG, Antimisiaris SG. Integrity of liposomes in presence of cyclodextrins: Effect of liposome type and lipid composition. Int J Pharm 2007; 333:167-76. [PMID: 17101248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Liposome stability during incubation in presence of cyclodextrins (CDs) is studied. Dried-rehydrated vesicle (DRV), multilamellar vesicle (MLV) and small unilamellar vesicle (SUV) calcein-encapsulating liposomes, composed of different lipids are formulated, and retention of calcein is followed during vesicle incubation in hydroxypropyl-beta-CD (HP beta-CD), HP gamma-CD or methyl-beta-CD (Me beta-CD), for 24h. Results demonstrate that liposome integrity in cyclodextrins is affected by lipid composition and type. For the same lipid composition calcein release from vesicles is faster in the order: MLV > DRV > SUV. Me beta-CD influences liposome stability most, compared to the other CD's studied. Vesicles composed of saturated phospholipids were found more stable compared to phosphatidyl-choline (PC) liposomes, suggesting that phospholipid saturation and membrane rigidity influences the interaction between liposomal-lipids and CD molecules. Chol (cholesterol) addition in lipid membrane improves PC-liposome integrity, but has opposite or no effect on liposomes consisting of saturated lipids. Decrease of vesicle dispersion turbidity and size distribution in presence of CD, implies that Me beta-CD induces vesicle disruption and solubilization (to micelles). Turbidity measurements confirm that DRV liposomes are affected more than SUV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota Hatzi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26500, Patras, Greece
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40
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Hinze WL. Applications of Cyclodextrins in Chromatographic Separations and Purification Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/03602548108066011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Manosroi J, Apriyani MG, Foe K, Manosroi A. Enhancement of the release of azelaic acid through the synthetic membranes by inclusion complex formation with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Int J Pharm 2005; 293:235-40. [PMID: 15778061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Revised: 01/05/2005] [Accepted: 01/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the release rates of azelaic acid and azelaic acid-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD) inclusion complex through three types of synthetic membranes, namely cellophane, silicone and elastomer membranes. Solid inclusion complexes of azelaic acid-HPbetaCD at the molar ratio of 1:1 were prepared by coevaporation and freeze-drying methods, subsequently characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry and dissolution studies. Solid inclusion complex obtained by coevaporation method which exhibited the inclusion of azelaic acid in the HPbetaCD cavity and gave the highest dissolution rate of azelaic acid was selected for the release study. Release studies of azelaic acid and this complex through the synthetic membranes were conducted using vertical Franz diffusion cells at 30 degrees C for 6 days. The release rates of azelaic acid through the synthetic membranes were enhanced by the formation of inclusion complex with HPbetaCD at the molar ratio of 1:1, with the increasing fluxes of about 41, 81 and 28 times of the uncomplexed system in cellophane, silicone and elastomer membranes, respectively. The result from this study can be applied for the development of azelaic acid for topical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiradej Manosroi
- Pharmaceutical-Cosmetic Raw Materials and Natural Products Research and Development Center, Institute for Science and Technology Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Jambhekar S, Casella R, Maher T. The physicochemical characteristics and bioavailability of indomethacin from β-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl-β-cyclodextrin, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complexes. Int J Pharm 2004; 270:149-66. [PMID: 14726131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to improve the bioavailability of the insoluble drug indomethacin, three complexes were prepared with indomethacin and the soluble complexing agents beta-, hydroxyethyl-beta-, and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. The indomethacin content was similar among the complexes (P</=0.05). To confirm complex formation, each complex was characterized by ultraviolet, infrared, nuclear-magnetic resonance, powder X-ray diffraction, and differential-scanning calorimetry techniques. Powder diffraction studies show the beta-cyclodextrin complex was polycrystalline, and the hydroxyethyl- and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexes were amorphous. Phase-solubility analysis confirmed the formation of complexes and suggested the three complexes were bound similarly. Solubility studies show complexation increased indomethacin solubility, and the hydroxyethyl- and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexes were more soluble than the beta-cyclodextrin complex in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and distilled water. Dosage forms were prepared by encapsulating the complexes without the addition of excipients. Dissolution studies show the encapsulated beta- and hydroxyethyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexes had superior dissolution when compared to the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and Indocin (50 mg) capsules. Bioavailability studies were performed by administering the indomethacin complex or Indocin capsules to male-albino, New Zealand rabbits. Indomethacin plasma-time concentration data fit best to a compartment-independent model for all capsule formulations. Bioavailability comparisons by ANOVA show no significant difference (P</=0.10) in the peak-plasma time and peak concentration among the capsule formulations. The area-under-the-curve for the beta-cyclodextrin complex capsules was found to be significantly higher (P</=0.10) than all other capsule formulations. In conclusion, the bioavailabilty of indomethacin was improved by complexation with only beta-cyclodextrin. No correlations were found among the bioavailability, solubility, and dissolution results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Jambhekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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44
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Fatouros DG, Hatzidimitriou K, Antimisiaris SG. Liposomes encapsulating prednisolone and prednisolone-cyclodextrin complexes: comparison of membrane integrity and drug release. Eur J Pharm Sci 2001; 13:287-96. [PMID: 11384851 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(01)00114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion complexes of prednisolone (PR) with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and hydropropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbeta-CD) were formed by the solvation method, and were characterized by DSC, X-ray diffractometry and FT-IR spectroscopy. PC liposomes incorporating PR as plain drug or inclusion complex were prepared using the dehydration-rehydration method and drug entrapment as well as drug release were estimated for all liposome types prepared. The highest PR entrapment value (80% of the starting material) was achieved for PC/Chol liposomes when the HPbeta-CD-PR (2:1, mol/mol) complex was entrapped. The leakage of vesicle encapsulated 5,6-carboxyfluorescein (CF) was used as a measure of the vesicle membrane integrity. As judged from our experimental results liposomes which encapsulate beta-CD-PR complexes are significantly less stable (when their membrane integrity is considered) compared to liposomes of identical lipid compositions which incorporate plain drug or even (in some cases) non-drug incorporating liposomes, which were prepared and studied for comparison. Interestingly, liposomes which encapsulate HPbeta-CD-PR complexes, have very low initial CF latency values, indicating that the leakage of CF is a process of very high initial velocity. Interactions between lipid and cyclodextrin molecules may be possibly resulting in rapid reorganization of the lipid membrane with simultaneous fast release of CF molecules. The release of PR from liposomes was highest when the drug was entrapped in the form of a complex with beta-CD. Nevertheless, the very high entrapment ability of PR in the form of HPbeta-CD-PR complexes in comparison to plain drug is a indubitable advantage of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Fatouros
- University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, 26500 Patras, Greece
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45
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Gibson HW, Bryant WS, Lee SH. Polyrotaxanes by free-radical polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate monomers in the presence of a crown ether. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Savolainen J, Forsberg M, Taipale H, M�nnist� PT, J�rvinen K, Gynther J, Jarho P, J�rvinen T. Effects of aqueous solubility and dissolution characteristics on oral bioavailability of entacapone. Drug Dev Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1098-2299(200004)49:4<238::aid-ddr2>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Gibson HW, Engen PT, Lee SH. Synthesis of poly[(styrene)-rotaxa-(crown ether)]s via free radical polymerization. POLYMER 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(98)00392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Solid-state β-cyclodextrin complexes containing indomethacin, ammonia and water. I. Formation studies. Int J Pharm 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(97)00330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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McCormack B, Gregoriadis G. Drugs-in-cyclodextrins-in liposomes: a novel concept in drug delivery. Int J Pharm 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(94)90361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Gibson HW, Bheda MC, Engen PT. Rotaxanes, catenanes, polyrotaxanes, polycatenanes and related materials. Prog Polym Sci 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0079-6700(94)90034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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